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Martin CS, Crastin A, Sagmeister MS, Kalirai MS, Turner JD, MacDonald L, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Scheel-Toellner D, Taylor AE, Gilligan LC, Storbeck K, Price M, Gorvin CM, A F, Mahida R, Clark AR, Jones SW, Raza K, Hewison M, Hardy RS. Inflammation dynamically regulates steroid hormone metabolism and action within macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103263. [PMID: 38851089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE In inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), steroid metabolism is a central component mediating the actions of immuno-modulatory glucocorticoids and sex steroids. However, the regulation and function of cellular steroid metabolism within key leukocyte populations such as macrophages remain poorly defined. In this study, the inflammatory regulation of global steroid metabolism was assessed in RA macrophages. METHODS Bulk RNA-seq data from RA synovial macrophages was used to assess transcripts encoding key enzymes in steroid metabolism and signalling. Changes in metabolism were assessed in synovial fluids, correlated to measures of disease activity and functionally validated in primary macrophage cultures. RESULTS RNA-seq revealed a unique pattern of differentially expressed genes, including changes in genes encoding the enzymes 11β-HSD1, SRD5A1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3. These correlated with disease activity, favouring increased glucocorticoid and androgen levels. Synovial fluid 11β-HSD1 activity correlated with local inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-6, IL-17), whilst 11β-HSD1, SRD5A1 and AKR1C3 activity correlated with systemic measures of disease and patient pain (ESR, DAS28 ESR, global disease activity). Changes in enzyme activity were evident in inflammatory activated macrophages in vitro and revealed a novel androgen activating role for 11β-HSD1. Together, increased glucocorticoids and androgens were able to suppress inflammation in macrophages and fibroblast-like-synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the significant increase in androgen and glucocorticoid activation within inflammatory polarized macrophages of the synovium, contributing to local suppression of inflammation. The diminished profile of inactive steroid precursors in postmenopausal women may contribute to disturbances in this process, leading to increased disease incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Martin
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Crastin
- School of Biomedical Sciences. Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M S Sagmeister
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M S Kalirai
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J D Turner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L MacDonald
- Centre of Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - M Kurowska-Stolarska
- Centre of Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - D Scheel-Toellner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L C Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Storbeck
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Price
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Filer A
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Mahida
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands Uk
| | - A R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S W Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences. Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R S Hardy
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences. Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Kim YE, Lee JH, Lee EJ, Kim DH, Jeong MR, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Youn J, Chang EJ, Kim YG. The Expression of the Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and the Effect of Smoking in Curdlan-Administered SKG Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2757. [PMID: 37893130 PMCID: PMC10603960 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, an abundant molecule in tobacco, has immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory diseases, primarily due to the activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR). We aim to evaluate the expression of the α7 nAChR+ cells in joint tissue and the effect of smoking on immune cells and peripheral arthritis in curdlan-administered SKG mice, a murine model of spondyloarthropathy (SpA). The SKG mice were injected with curdlan two times at 2-week intervals and were divided into two groups; one exposed to cigarette smoke and the other not exposed. We found that the α7 nAChR+ cells increased in the joint tissue of curdlan-administered SKG mice compared to in the wild type. Furthermore, the peripheral arthritis scores and histological scores for synovial inflammation were lower in smoke-exposed curdlan-administered SKG mice than in mice not exposed to smoke. Immunofluorescence staining of the α7 nAChR+ and IL-17A+ cells was lower in the synovia of smoke-exposed mice than the control mice. The proportions of α7 nAChR+IL-17A+ and α7 nAChR+IL-17A+FOXP3+ cells also decreased in the synovia of smoke-exposed mice compared with the controls. We observed an increase in the α7 nAChR+ cells within the joint tissue of curdlan-administered SKG mice and that cigarette smoke had an influence on both peripheral arthritis and immune cell population, especially α7 nAChR+ cells. Thus, exposure to cigarette smoke after arthritogenic stimuli may have an anti-arthritogenic effect in curdlan-administered SKG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Mi Ryeong Jeong
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yoo
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (Y.-E.K.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-J.L.); (D.H.K.); (M.R.J.); (S.H.); (C.-K.L.); (B.Y.)
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Chinthala R, Baghel AS, Shubhangi K, Bhagavathi NNL. A case-control study for exploring the association of Prakriti with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100789. [PMID: 37703672 PMCID: PMC10505973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deha-Prakriti (DP) is a unique contribution of Ayurveda, which distinguishes the population into three main groups viz., Vata, Pitta, and Kapha predominant individuals. Its assessment helps physicians to prescribe a suitable diet, daily regimen, and lifestyle that prevents non-communicable diseases. Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) is a disease that needs personalized management approach. AIM To evaluate the association of DP with Amavata (∼Rheumatoid Arthritis). OBJECTIVE To evaluate DP-based susceptibility in the manifestation of Amavata vis-à-vis Rheumatoid Arthritis. METHODOLOGY A case-control study was conducted from 18.04.2018 to 09.01.2020, involving 150 cases (patients of Amavata), and 150 controls (healthy volunteers), matching in age (between 18 to 50 years), and sex, selected from Jamnagar. CCRAS-PAS for both the groups, Health Assessment proforma of TRISUTRA project CSIR-AYURGENOMICS, were used. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between DP and Amavata. RESULTS The proportion of people with Vata dosha in the case group (53.79%) was substantially higher (P < 0.0001) than in the control group (24.91%). Pitta (39.35%) and Kapha (36.27%) doshas were found to be more prevalent in the control group (P < 0.0001). There was a six-percent rise in the likelihood of developing Amavata with every unit increase in Vata percentage, according to logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Vata predominant DP has a significant association with Amavata. Vata predominant DP individuals are more susceptible to Amavata than Pitta and Kapha predominant DP individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Chinthala
- Department of Samhita & Siddhanta, TTD's SV Ayurvedic College, A Constituent Educational Institute of Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Arjun Singh Baghel
- Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, 361008, India.
| | - Kamble Shubhangi
- Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, 361008, India.
| | - N N L Bhagavathi
- TSWRDCW (Telangana Social Welfare Residential Degree Colleges for Women), Warangal (East), Rangashaipet, Telangana, 506005, India.
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Testosterone protects mice against zika virus infection and suppresses the inflammatory response in the brain. iScience 2022; 25:105300. [PMID: 36304103 PMCID: PMC9593801 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is essential to human growth and development as well as immune regulation. Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arbovirus associated with neurological complications including neuroinflammation, can also cause testicular damage and decrease testosterone secretion. However, whether the dysregulation of testosterone plays a role in the process of neuroinflammation during ZIKV pathogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we found that ZIKV infection caused testicular damage and decreased testosterone secretion in male mice, and testosterone supplementation after ZIKV infection reduced their mortality and attenuated the pathological symptoms. Further investigation revealed that testosterone treatment after ZIKV infection alleviated inflammation and nerve injury in the mouse brain. Additionally, reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and interferon-gamma production were observed in brains of testosterone-treated mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that testosterone plays a protective role in ZIKV-infected mice, and thus it can be developed as a potential therapeutic drug against ZIKV infection.
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Wang N, Zhang Q, Sun W, Yang X, Huang H, Xu Z. Exome sequencing link mutation in RGPD4 with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease and the low level of testosterone—an exploration study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:956552. [PMID: 36158696 PMCID: PMC9492842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.956552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common and potentially most devastating manifestation of SSc in pulmonary involvement. However, the mechanism for systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD) is unclear. This work aims to explore the potential candidates for SSc-ILD upon whole exome sequencing (WES) and attempts to analyze the possible pathogenesis of SSc-ILD from the perspective of the genetic level. Materials Variants were confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES), and SKAT analysis was employed to explore the most differential variants. Targeted variants were performed in biological functions, associated with clinical manifestations, and the probable change of downstream. Results By WES and SKAT analysis of SSc with and without ILD, only the variants of RGPD4 achieved statistical power (P < 2.51 × 10-6, P-FDR = 0.025, OR = 15.95). A total of 20 rare functional variants (missense, truncating, splicing) were tested for the RGPD4 gene, and five truncating and damaging missense variants were identified. Carriers showed the older inclusion age (P = 0.02) and the higher frequency use of prednisone (P=0.02) compared to the non-carriers. Further analysis illustrated that carriers showed lower levels of TES in comparison to non-carriers but did not reach statistical difference (P = 0.08). In bivariate correlation analysis, we analyzed the relationship between the mutant status of RGPD4 and the levels of sex hormones after adjusting for age confounders. Only the level of TES showed a negative correlation with the mutant status (B = -0.509, P = 0.037). Conclusion The variants of RGPD4 might contribute to the ILD development of SSc and might also be a causative factor of lower TES among SSc-ILD, which provided insight to a better understanding of pathobiology of SSc-ILD, and androgen hormone supplement might be a therapeutic target in this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zuojun Xu,
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Sex Steroids Effects on Asthma: A Network Perspective of Immune and Airway Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142238. [PMID: 35883681 PMCID: PMC9318292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of evidence has suggested the differential incidence, prevalence and severity of asthma between males and females. A compilation of recent literature recognized sex differences as a significant non-modifiable risk factor in asthma pathogenesis. Understanding the cellular and mechanistic basis of sex differences remains complex and the pivotal point of this ever elusive quest, which remains to be clarified in the current scenario. Sex steroids are an integral part of human development and evolution while also playing a critical role in the conditioning of the immune system and thereby influencing the function of peripheral organs. Classical perspectives suggest a pre-defined effect of sex steroids, generalizing estrogens popularly under the “estrogen paradox” due to conflicting reports associating estrogen with a pro- and anti-inflammatory role. On the other hand, androgens are classified as “anti-inflammatory,” serving a protective role in mitigating inflammation. Although considered mainstream and simplistic, this observation remains valid for numerous reasons, as elaborated in the current review. Women appear immune-favored with stronger and more responsive immune elements than men. However, the remarkable female predominance of diverse autoimmune and allergic diseases contradicts this observation suggesting that hormonal differences between the sexes might modulate the normal and dysfunctional regulation of the immune system. This review illustrates the potential relationship between key elements of the immune cell system and their interplay with sex steroids, relevant to structural cells in the pathophysiology of asthma and many other lung diseases. Here, we discuss established and emerging paradigms in the clarification of observed sex differences in asthma in the context of the immune system, which will deepen our understanding of asthma etiopathology.
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Lee H, Lee SI, Kim HO. Recent Advances in Basic and Clinical Aspects of Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Interstitial Lung Diseases. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2022; 29:61-70. [PMID: 37475899 PMCID: PMC10327618 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2022.29.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints and systemic organs, such as the skin, eyes, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. In particular, among various pulmonary involvements, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is closely related to the selection of anti-rheumatic drugs and the long-term prognosis of patients with RA. Although the exact pathogenesis of RA-ILD is not well defined, several mechanistic pathways, similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, have been elucidated recently. Conversely, RA-related autoantibodies, including anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, are detectable in circulation and in the lungs, even in the absence of articular symptoms. RA-ILD can also predate years before the occurrence of joint symptoms. This evidence supports the fact that local dysregulated mucosal immunity in the lung causes systemic autoimmunity, resulting in clinically evident polyarthritis of RA. Because the early diagnosis of RA-ILD is important, imaging tests, such as computed tomography and pulmonary function tests, are being used for early diagnosis, but there is no clear guideline for the early diagnosis of RA-ILD and selection of optimal disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for the treatment of patients with RA with ILD. In addition, the efficacy of nintedanib, a new anti-fibrotic agent, for RA-ILD treatment, has been investigated recently. This review collectively discusses the basic and clinical aspects, such as pathogenesis, animal models, diagnosis, and treatment, of RA-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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de Gruijter NM, Naja M, Peckham H, Radziszewska A, Kinsella M, Glenister J, Rosser EC, Butler GE, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. A systematic review exploring the bidirectional relationship between puberty and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:47. [PMID: 33781271 PMCID: PMC8008606 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are associated with a significant sex-bias, which becomes more evident post-puberty. This systematic review aims to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between puberty and ARD-related outcomes. METHODS Studies published in English until October 2019 were identified using a systematic search of endocrinology and rheumatology literature. Information was extracted on study design, sample size, demographics, puberty outcome measures, disease outcome measures, and main findings. The methodological quality of the studies included was analysed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Sixteen non-randomised studies reporting on the impact of puberty on ARD outcomes (n = 7), ARD impact on puberty-related outcomes (n = 8), or both (n = 1) have been identified. The impact of puberty on ARD outcomes were investigated in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis (n = 1), juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) (n = 5) or in healthy controls who developed adult-onset SLE (n = 1) or had non-specific symptoms (n = 1). The impact of ARD on puberty outcomes was explored in JIA (n = 4) and JSLE (n = 3). Quality assessment of studies showed a small to moderate risk of bias overall (NOS 4-9/9). Due to large heterogeneity of the studies it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Multiple studies reported on delayed puberty in patients with JIA/JSLE, menstrual and hormonal abnormalities, and lower height and weight than controls. Earlier (pre-pubertal) onset of JSLE was correlated with more severe disease and more need for systemic treatment. CONCLUSION A bidirectional relationship exists between puberty and ARDs; however, more and better research is required to elucidate the complexity of this relationship. We propose puberty-related clinical assessments in patients with ARDs, which can improve patient outcomes and facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M de Gruijter
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Naja
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gary E Butler
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Medicine and Endocrinology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London, W1CE 6JF, UK.
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Xiong L, Xiong L, Ye H, Ma WL. Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:37-47. [PMID: 33216465 PMCID: PMC7860593 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is an irreversible pathologic condition of unknown cause, commonly involving the joint and the lung with variable amounts of fibrotic change. In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis or other chronic interstitial lung diseases such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, there is so far no extensively accepted or implemented animal model for this disease. AIMS To provide guidance for those who are investigating the pathogenesis of RA-ILD with animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analysis of papers from PubMed during 1978-2020. RESULTS We outline the present status quo for animal models of RA-ILD about their modeling methods and pathogenesis, compare their pros and cons with respect to their ability to mimic the clinical and histological features of human disease and discuss their applicability for future research. DISCUSSION There is no doubt that these animal models do provide valuable information relating to the pathogenesis of RA-ILD and the development of effective therapeutic drugs. Nevertheless, these animal models can not entirely recapitulate clinical pathology and have some limitations in experimental research application. Therefore, it should be emphasized that we should improve and explore animal models in more accordance with the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of human RA-ILD. CONCLUSION These established animal models of the disease can significantly progress our understanding of the etiology of RA-ILD, the fundamental mechanisms of its pathogenesis and the identification of new bio-markers, and can contribute to the development and implementation of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, China
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Lasrado N, Jia T, Massilamany C, Franco R, Illes Z, Reddy J. Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:50. [PMID: 32894183 PMCID: PMC7475723 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences in the occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well documented, with females showing a greater propensity to develop these diseases than their male counterparts. Sex hormones, namely dihydrotestosterone and estrogens, have been shown to ameliorate the severity of inflammatory diseases. Immunologically, the beneficial effects of sex hormones have been ascribed to the suppression of effector lymphocyte responses accompanied by immune deviation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokine production. In this review, we present our view of the mechanisms of sex hormones that contribute to their ability to suppress autoimmune responses with an emphasis on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ting Jia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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11
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Henze L, Schwinge D, Schramm C. The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1567. [PMID: 32849531 PMCID: PMC7403493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system responds differently in women and in men. Generally speaking, adult females show stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males. This results in lower risk of developing most of the infectious diseases and a better ability to clear viral infection in women (1–5). On the other hand, women are at increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases (AID) such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and the autoimmune liver diseases autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (6). Factors contributing to the female sex bias in autoimmune diseases include environmental exposure, e.g., microbiome, behavior, and genetics including X chromosomal inactivation of genes. Several lines of evidence and clinical observations clearly indicate that sex hormones contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis, and the role of estrogen in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied. In many of these diseases, including the autoimmune liver diseases, T cells are thought to play an important pathogenetic role. We will use this mini-review to focus on the effects of androgens on T cells and how the two major androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Henze
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Jo S, Lee EJ, Nam B, Kang J, Lee S, Youn J, Park YS, Kim YG, Kim TH. Effects of dihydrotestosterone on osteoblast activity in curdlan-administered SKG mice and osteoprogenitor cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:121. [PMID: 32448352 PMCID: PMC7245802 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characteristically male-predominant, and progressive spinal ankylosis affects male patients more severely; however, the hormonal effects in males with AS are poorly understood. Methods In the present study, the regulatory effects of dutasteride, a 5-α reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), were examined in curdlan-administered male SKG mice to determine spinal bone formation, bone metabolism-related markers, and interleukin (IL)-17A cytokine and T cell populations. In addition, the effects of DHT on primary osteoprogenitors from the facet joints of AS patients were assessed based on osteoblast-related parameters. DHT level was measured, and the correlation with modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) was analyzed in AS patients. Results In curdlan-administered SKG mice, dutasteride treatment resulted in an increased accumulation of hydroxyapatite in the spine which was positively correlated with serum IL-17A levels. In the analysis of bone metabolism-related molecules, a decrease in sclerostin levels was observed in the sera in the dutasteride group. Continuous exposure to DHT resulted in fewer calcium deposits in AS osteoprogenitors during osteoblast differentiation. DHT-treated AS osteoprogenitors showed decreased osteocalcin and increased DKK1 and SOST1 mRNA expression, supporting the results of the in vivo experiments. Treatment with dutasteride upregulated bone formation in the spine of curdlan-administered SKG mice and DHT treatment downregulated osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Conclusions Treatment with dutasteride affected the bone formation in the spine of curdlan-treated SKG mice, and DHT treatment attenuated osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Therefore, contrary to what could be expected if osteoblasts contributed to spinal ankylosis, DHT inhibition might increase rather than decrease the progression of spinal ankylosis despite the higher levels of DHT observed in many AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsin Jo
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Kang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Soo Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Tang D, Han Y, Lun Y, Jiang H, Xin S, Duan Z, Zhang J. Y chromosome loss is associated with age-related male patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1227-1241. [PMID: 31413553 PMCID: PMC6662525 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s202188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) demonstrates many features of autoimmune diseases. Y chromosome, sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) gene, androgen receptor (AR) gene, and androgen appear as potential candidates for influence of the male immune function. This study investigated Y chromosome numbers, SRY gene, AR gene, and androgen levels in male AAAs. We also investigated the correlation between Y chromosome loss (LOY) ratio, SRY expression, androgen levels, and age. Patients and methods We investigated LOY by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 37 AAAs and compared with 12 patients with abdominal aortic atherosclerotic occlusive disease (AOD) and 91 healthy controls (HC). We investigated SRY and AR expression at mRNA level by real-time PCR in peripheral T lymphocytes in AAA compared with AOD and HC, and AR protein levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in AAA. LOY, SRY expression, androgen levels, and age were examined for correlations using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results LOY ratio in peripheral T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the AAA group compared with the HC (9.11% vs 5.56%, P<0.001) and AOD groups (9.11% vs 6.42%, P=0.029). The SRY mRNA expression in peripheral T lymphocytes was 4.7-fold lower expressed in the AAA group than in the HC group (P<0.001). Free plasma testosterone levels were lower in the AAA group compared with the HC group (P=0.036), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin levels were higher (P=0.020). LOY ratio and expression of SRY mRNA level increased with age in the AAA group (R=0.402 and, R=0.366, respectively). A significant correlation between AR mRNA level (R=0.692) and aortic diameter was detected. Simultaneously, in AAA tissue, the rate of LOY increased with age (R=0.547) and also positively associated with LOY in peripheral blood T lymphocytes (R=0.661). Conclusion This study identified a prominent Y chromosome loss in male AAAs, which is correlated to age, lower level of SRY expression and free testosterone, providing a new clue for the mechanisms of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Duan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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14
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Bell RD, Wu EK, Rudmann CA, Forney M, Kaiser CRW, Wood RW, Chakkalakal JV, Paris ND, Klose A, Xiao GQ, Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez ML, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM, Rahimi H. Selective Sexual Dimorphisms in Musculoskeletal and Cardiopulmonary Pathologic Manifestations and Mortality Incidence in the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Transgenic Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1512-1523. [PMID: 30969024 DOI: 10.1002/art.40903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine and quantify the sexual dimorphism in pathologic features manifested in the musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems and incidence of mortality in the tumor necrosis factor-transgenic (TNF-Tg; Tg3647 strain) mouse model of inflammatory erosive arthritis. METHODS Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were determined in male and female Tg3647 mice and sex-matched wild-type (WT) littermate mice. Longitudinal and cross-sectional pathologic outcomes in the musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems were assessed via ultrasound, micro-computed tomography, grip strength measurements, histologic and serologic analyses, flow cytometry, and skeletal muscle physiologic measures. RESULTS Compared to male Tg3647 mice (n = 30), female Tg3647 mice (n = 34) had significantly shorter lifespans (P < 0.001) and exhibited the following pathologic features (n = 4-6 per group; P < 0.05 versus male Tg3647 littermates): gross deficits in body mass and muscle weight, early-onset inflammatory arthritis with severity of end-stage arthritis that was as severe as that seen in male transgenic mice, and early onset and increased severity of inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD). Histologically, the ILD observed in Tg3647 mice was characterized by inflammatory cell accumulation and pulmonary arteriole thickening, which was concomitant with the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy, a feature that was also more severe in the female compared to male Tg3647 mice (P < 0.05). No sexual dimorphisms in TNF-induced deficient grip strength, axial skeletal growth, or bone loss were found. Globally, the extent of the pathologic changes observed in female Tg3647 mice was greater than that observed in male Tg3647 mice when each group was compared to their sex-matched WT littermates. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that TNF selectively drives the early onset of arthritis and progression of pathologic changes in the cardiopulmonary system in female Tg3647 mice. These results in the Tg3647 mouse identify it as a suitable model to better understand the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism and cardiopulmonary disease in the setting of inflammatory arthritis and other connective tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Bell
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Emily K Wu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Megan Forney
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Ronald W Wood
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Nicole D Paris
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alanna Klose
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Guang-Qian Xiao
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | | | - Homaira Rahimi
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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15
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Avellar MCW, Ribeiro CM, Dias-da-Silva MR, Silva EJR. In search of new paradigms for epididymal health and disease: innate immunity, inflammatory mediators, and steroid hormones. Andrology 2019; 7:690-702. [PMID: 31207127 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary job of the epididymis is to mature and protect the luminally transiting spermatozoa. Mounting evidence is showing that innate immune components [including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and antimicrobial proteins, among which are β-defensins] and inflammatory mediators, under the primary influence of androgens, participate in the cellular and molecular processes that define this tissue. Here, we present an overview of the contributions of these signaling pathway components during epididymal homeostasis and discuss the hypotheses as to their involvement in epididymitis, the most common urological inflammatory condition in men, frequently impairing their fertility. Drawing primarily from rodent models, we also focus on how the distribution and functional expression of innate immune components are differentially regulated in the prenatal developing epididymis, providing new insights into the disruption of these signaling pathways throughout the lifespan. Male infertility is caused by a variety of conditions, such as congenital malformations, genetic and endocrine disorders, exposure to environmental toxicants, and inflammatory/infectious conditions. More than one-third of infertile men with an idiopathic condition cannot currently be adequately diagnosed. Thinking about the innate immunity and inflammation context of the epididymis may provide new insights and directions as to how these systems contribute to male fertility, as well as also uncover urological and andrological outcomes that may aid clinicians in diagnosing and preventing epididymal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C W Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Dias-da-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E J R Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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16
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Napier RJ, Lee EJ, Vance EE, Snow PE, Samson KA, Dawson CE, Moran AE, Stenzel P, Davey MP, Sakaguchi S, Rosenzweig HL. Nod2 Deficiency Augments Th17 Responses and Exacerbates Autoimmune Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1889-1898. [PMID: 30150283 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arthritis in a genetically susceptible SKG strain of mice models a theoretical paradigm wherein autoimmune arthritis arises because of interplay between preexisting autoreactive T cells and environmental stimuli. SKG mice have a point mutation in ZAP-70 that results in attenuated TCR signaling, altered thymic selection, and spontaneous production of autoreactive T cells that cause arthritis following exposure to microbial β-glucans. In this study, we identify Nod2, an innate immune receptor, as a critical suppressor of arthritis in SKG mice. SKG mice deficient in Nod2 (Nod2-/-SKG) developed a dramatically exacerbated form of arthritis, which was independent of sex and microbiota, but required the skg mutation in T cells. Worsened arthritis in Nod2-/-SKG mice was accompanied by expansion of Th17 cells, which to some measure coproduced TNF, GM-CSF, and IL-22, along with elevated IL-17A levels within joint synovial fluid. Importantly, neutralization of IL-17A mitigated arthritis in Nod2-/-SKG mice, indicating that Nod2-mediated protection occurs through suppression of the Th17 response. Nod2 deficiency did not alter regulatory T cell development or function. Instead, Nod2 deficiency resulted in an enhanced fundamental ability of SKG CD4+ T cells (from naive mice) to produce increased levels of IL-17 and to passively transfer arthritis to lymphopenic recipients on a single-cell level. These data reveal a previously unconsidered role for T cell-intrinsic Nod2 as an endogenous negative regulator of Th17 responses and arthritogenic T cells. Based on our findings, future studies aimed at understanding a negative regulatory function of Nod2 within autoreactive T cells could provide novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of patients with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J Napier
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Ellen J Lee
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Emily E Vance
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Paige E Snow
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Kimberly A Samson
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Clare E Dawson
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Amy E Moran
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Peter Stenzel
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Michael P Davey
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | | | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239; .,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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17
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Redente EF, Aguilar MA, Black BP, Edelman BL, Bahadur AN, Humphries SM, Lynch DA, Wollin L, Riches DWH. Nintedanib reduces pulmonary fibrosis in a model of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L998-L1009. [PMID: 29543042 PMCID: PMC6335004 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) develops in ~20% of patients with RA. SKG mice, which are genetically prone to development of autoimmune arthritis, develop a pulmonary interstitial pneumonia that resembles human cellular and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, has been shown to reduce the decline in lung function. Therefore, we investigated the effect of nintedanib on development of pulmonary fibrosis and joint disease in female SKG mice with arthritis induced by intraperitoneal injection of zymosan (5 mg). Nintedanib (60 mg·kg-1·day-1 via oral gavage) was started 5 or 10 wk after injection of zymosan. Arthritis and lung fibrosis outcome measures were assessed after 6 wk of treatment with nintedanib. A significant reduction in lung collagen levels, determined by measuring hydroxyproline levels and staining for collagen, was observed after 6 wk in nintedanib-treated mice with established arthritis and lung disease. Early intervention with nintedanib significantly reduced development of arthritis based on joint assessment and high-resolution μ-CT. This study impacts the RA and ILD fields by facilitating identification of a therapeutic treatment that may improve both diseases. As this model replicates the characteristics of RA-ILD, the results may be translatable to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Martin A Aguilar
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Bart P Black
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Benjamin L Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Ali N Bahadur
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts
| | | | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - David W H Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health , Denver, Colorado
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Wilhelmson AS, Lantero Rodriguez M, Stubelius A, Fogelstrand P, Johansson I, Buechler MB, Lianoglou S, Kapoor VN, Johansson ME, Fagman JB, Duhlin A, Tripathi P, Camponeschi A, Porse BT, Rolink AG, Nissbrandt H, Turley SJ, Carlsten H, Mårtensson IL, Karlsson MCI, Tivesten Å. Testosterone is an endogenous regulator of BAFF and splenic B cell number. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2067. [PMID: 29802242 PMCID: PMC5970247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency in men is associated with increased risk for autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that testosterone regulates the cytokine BAFF, an essential survival factor for B cells. Male mice lacking the androgen receptor have increased splenic B cell numbers, serum BAFF levels and splenic Baff mRNA. Testosterone deficiency by castration causes expansion of BAFF-producing fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in spleen, which may be coupled to lower splenic noradrenaline levels in castrated males, as an α-adrenergic agonist decreases splenic FRC number in vitro. Antibody-mediated blockade of the BAFF receptor or treatment with the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine revert the increased splenic B cell numbers induced by castration. Among healthy men, serum BAFF levels are higher in men with low testosterone. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized regulation of BAFF by testosterone and raises important questions about BAFF in testosterone-mediated protection against autoimmunity. Testosterone deficiency is associated with autoimmunity and increased B cell numbers, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here the authors show that testosterone may modulate the production of B cell survival factor BAFF by fibroblastic reticular cells via regulation of splenic neurotransmitter levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marta Lantero Rodriguez
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine and Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew B Buechler
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steve Lianoglou
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Varun N Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Duhlin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo T Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC); Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløesvej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Antonius G Rolink
- Department of Biomedicine, Developmental and Molecular Immunology, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research (CBAR), Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Bruna Stråket 16, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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19
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Gubbels Bupp MR, Jorgensen TN. Androgen-Induced Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:794. [PMID: 29755457 PMCID: PMC5932344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and disease via regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ susceptibility to immune-mediated damage. Systemic autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are more prevalent in females, while cancer shows the opposite pattern. Sex hormones have been repeatedly suggested to play a part in these biases. In this review, we will discuss how androgens and the expression of functional androgen receptor affect immune cells and how this may dampen or alter immune response(s) and affect autoimmune disease incidences and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine N Jorgensen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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20
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Krasselt M, Baerwald C. Sex, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life in Rheumatology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 56:346-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Rheumatoid arthritis onset in postmenopausal women: Does the ACPA seropositive subset result from genetic effects, estrogen deficiency, skewed profile of CD4(+) T-cells, and their interactions? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:145-63. [PMID: 27178986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence displays a differentiated age-dependent female-to-male ratio in which women outnumber men. Evidence that the peak incidence of RA in women coincides with menopause age, suggests a potential estrogenic role to disease etiology. Estrogens exert physiologically both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system. Epidemiologic and animal model studies with estrogen deprivation or supplementation suggested estrogens as to play, mainly, a protective role in RA immunopathology. In this review, we propose that some yet unidentified disturbances associated with estrogen circulating levels, differentiated by the menopausal status, play a major role in women's RA susceptibility. We focus on the interaction between estrogen deprivation and genetic risk alleles for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) seropositive RA, as a major driving force for increased immune reactivity and RA susceptibility, in postmenopausal women. This opens up new fields for research concerning the association among different irregular estrogenic conditions, the cytokine milieu, and age/menopausal status bias in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair of Biological Anthropology, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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22
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Guerard S, Boieri M, Hultqvist M, Holmdahl R, Wing K. The SKG Mutation in ZAP-70 also Confers Arthritis Susceptibility in C57 Black Mouse Strains. Scand J Immunol 2016; 84:3-11. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Guerard
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Boieri
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Hultqvist
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Redoxis AB; Medicon Village Scheelevägen 2; Lund Sweden
| | - R. Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - K. Wing
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
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23
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Liu L, Wu L, Gao A, Zhang Q, Lv H, Xu L, Xie C, Wu Q, Hou P, Shi B. The Influence of Dihydrotestosterone on the Development of Graves' Disease in Female BALB/c Mice. Thyroid 2016; 26:449-57. [PMID: 26727995 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism that has significant sex differences in prevalence and clinical expressions. Abnormal cytokine production and T cell activation may result in various manifestations of GD. Studies have shown that androgen treatment can provide protection against autoimmune diseases, but the effects of androgen treatment on GD are still unknown. Therefore, this study investigated whether a potent bioactive androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), could be of benefit in a BALB/c mouse model of GD. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) whether DHT pretreatment inhibits autoimmune responses, and (ii) the mechanism of immune protection of DHT in GD. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were immunized three times with an adenovirus expressing the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) A-subunit (Ad-TSHR289). Three doses (1.5, 5, and 15 mg) of DHT or a matching placebo were implanted a week before the first immunization. Four weeks after the third immunization, mice were sacrificed, and blood, the spleen, and the thyroid were removed for further analysis. RESULTS After DHT treatment, thyroid hormones were dramatically reduced compared with placebo. In addition, a remarkable reduction in interferon-γ and interleukin-2 production was observed in DHT-pretreated mice. CONCLUSIONS DHT can alleviate the severity of GD by downregulating pro-autoimmune T helper 1 cells in female BALB/c mice. The protective influence was more noticeable with 5 mg and 15 mg doses of DHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianye Liu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
- 2 Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Weinan Central Hospital , Weinan, China
| | - Liping Wu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Aibo Gao
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Hongjun Lv
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Li Xu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanqing Xie
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Wu
- 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Hou
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
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Lee EJ, Vance EE, Brown BR, Snow PS, Clowers JS, Sakaguchi S, Rosenzweig HL. Investigation of the relationship between the onset of arthritis and uveitis in genetically predisposed SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:218. [PMID: 26286534 PMCID: PMC4544812 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic rheumatic conditions are often accompanied by intraocular inflammatory disease (termed uveitis). Despite the frequent manifestation of uveitis with arthritis, very little is understood of the underlying mechanisms that mediate the eye’s susceptibility to disease. The genetically susceptible SKG mouse strain develops arthritis that arises from an inherent mutation that disrupts T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction and thymic selection. The ensuing T-cell–mediated disease is further modulated through exposure to microbial triggers. The purpose of this study was to elucidate how a genetically determined shift in the T-cell repertoire toward self-reactive T cells that drive arthritis influences uveitis in SKG mice. Methods SKG mice (BALB/c mice that harbor the W163C point mutation in zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 [i.e., ZAP-70]) were housed under arthritis-resistant, specific pathogen–free conditions. Arthritis was induced by intraperitoneal injection with fungal glucans (zymosan or curdlan). Arthritis onset and severity were evaluated by clinical scoring, histopathology and infrared imaging within the joints. Periocular traits involving blepharoconjunctivitis were evaluated by clinical scoring and histology. Eyes were evaluated for signs of anterior uveitis using intravital videomicroscopy to document cell-trafficking responses within the iris vasculature and stroma and by histology to detect inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage within the anterior and posterior eye segments. Results Exposure to zymosan resulted in the predicted arthritic, sexually dimorphic phenotype in SKG mice. The eyes of SKG mice exhibited episodic intravascular cellular responses to zymosan or curdlan as indicated by significant increases in leukocyte–endothelium interactions akin to ocular vasculitis. However, despite the significant increase in early cell-trafficking responses, cellular infiltration into the iris stroma was not observed and histopathological signs indicative of a sustained uveitis were absent. Instead, eyes of SKG mice developed blepharoconjunctivitis that coincided with arthritis and exhibited sexual dimorphism. Conclusions This study underscores the complexity surrounding the pathogenesis of uveitis and its relationship with arthritis. The findings suggest that distinct mechanisms exist by which pathogenic autoimmune T cells target the eyes versus joints, which likely involves the environmental context but nonetheless should be taken into account in the identification and development of effective therapies for each organ. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0725-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Emily E Vance
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Brieanna R Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Paige S Snow
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Jenna S Clowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks and destroys the organs and tissues of its own host. Autoimmunity is the third most common type of disease in the United States. Because there is no cure for autoimmunity, it is extremely important to study the mechanisms that trigger these diseases. Most autoimmune diseases predominantly affect females, indicating a strong sex bias. Various factors, including sex hormones, the presence or absence of a second X chromosome, and sex-specific gut microbiota can influence gene expression in a sex-specific way. These changes in gene expression may, in turn, lead to susceptibility or protection from autoimmunity, creating a sex bias for autoimmune diseases. In this Review we discuss recent findings in the field of sex-dependent regulation of gene expression and autoimmunity.
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26
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Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: How informative are they? Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:278-86. [PMID: 25824900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of arthritis are widely used to de-convolute disease pathways and to identify novel drug targets and therapeutic approaches. However, the high attrition rates of drugs in Phase II/III rates means that a relatively small number of drugs reach the market, despite showing efficacy in pre-clinical models. There is also increasing awareness of the ethical issues surrounding the use of animal models of disease and it is timely, therefore, to review the relevance and translatability of animal models of arthritis. In this paper we review the most commonly used animal models in terms of their pathological similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis as well as their response to drug therapy. In general, the ability of animal models to predict efficacy of biologics in man has been good. However, the predictive power of animal models for small molecules has been variable, probably because of differences in the levels of target knockdown achievable in vivo.
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27
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Trigunaite A, Dimo J, Jørgensen TN. Suppressive effects of androgens on the immune system. Cell Immunol 2015; 294:87-94. [PMID: 25708485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex-based disparities in immune responses are well known phenomena. The two most important factors accounting for the sex-bias in immunity are genetics and sex hormones. Effects of female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone are well established, however the role of testosterone is not completely understood. Evidence from unrelated studies points to an immunosuppressive role of testosterone on different components of the immune system, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. In this review we evaluate the effect of testosterone on key cellular components of innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we highlight the importance of testosterone in down-regulating the systemic immune response by cell type specific effects in the context of immunological disorders. Further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of testosterone-induced immunosuppression, leading the way to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Trigunaite
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Joana Dimo
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
| | - Trine N Jørgensen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA.
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28
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Demoruelle MK, Solomon JJ, Fischer A, Deane KD. The lung may play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:295-309. [PMID: 26089988 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.14.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified strong associations between the lung and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Such studies identify a high prevalence of lung disease, both airways and parenchymal disease, in subjects with clinically classifiable RA. It has been suggested that lung disease in RA results from targeting of the lung from circulating autoimmunity or other factors such as medications. However, findings that lung disease, specifically inflammatory airways disease, and lung generation of autoimmunity can be present before the onset of joint symptoms suggest that immune reactions in the lung may be involved in the initial development of RA-related autoimmunity. Herein we review these issues in detail, as well as outline a potential research agenda to understand the natural history of lung involvement in RA and its relation to the overall pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kristen Demoruelle
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA ; National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Aryeh Fischer
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA ; National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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