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Zhou J, Felix FA, Jiang Y, Li D, Kim MC, Jang D, Cha S, Yu Q. Altered characteristics of regulatory T cells in target tissues of Sjögren's syndrome in murine models. Mol Immunol 2024; 174:47-56. [PMID: 39197397 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS), also known as Sjögren's disease, is a chronic autoimmune condition predominantly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. The disease is driven by autoimmune responses involving the activation and actions of major innate- and adaptive immune cell subsets. However, the specific characteristics and roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in SS remain elusive. This study seeks to clarify the main phenotypic and functional attributes of Tregs in the salivary glands and their draining lymph nodes in murine models of SS. Our flow cytometric analysis revealed that Tregs in the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a spontaneous model of SS, exhibited a greater proportion of activated Tregs and fewer resting Tregs compared to Balb/c mice. Furthermore, Tregs from the salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (B6.NOD-Aec) mice, a model for primary SS, demonstrated significantly lower IL-10 production but markedly higher IFNγ- and IL-17 production than their C57BL/6 counterparts. Additionally, treatment of C57BL/6 Tregs with IL-7, a cytokine critical for SS pathogenesis, resulted in diminished IL-10 production and enhanced IFNγ and IL-17 production in these cells. Notably, the alterations in B6.NOD-Aec Tregs also included an increased expression of the immune-inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 compared to the C57BL/6 Tregs. Intriguingly, in vitro co-cultures of Tregs with conventional CD4 T cells and other key immune populations from lymph nodes indicated that Tregs from salivary gland-draining lymph nodes of both B6.NOD-Aec and C57BL/6 strains exhibited comparable and limited immunosuppressive effects on the proliferation and function of conventional CD4 T cells. The ability of B6.NOD-Aec Tregs to directly inflict damages to salivary gland epithelial tissues and contribute to SS pathologies through IFNγ and IL-17 that they produce warrants further investigations. In addition, enhancing the relatively weak immunosuppressive capacities of these Tregs may also serve as a viable strategy to alleviate the SS phenotype in the mouse models and potentially in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fernanda Aragão Felix
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yuqiao Jiang
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | - Daesong Jang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Felix FA, Zhou J, Li D, Onodera S, Yu Q. Endogenous IL-22 contributes to the pathogenesis of salivary gland dysfunction in the non-obese diabetic model of Sjögren's syndrome. Mol Immunol 2024; 173:20-29. [PMID: 39018744 PMCID: PMC11343657 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Our previous investigations have shown that administration of interleukin-22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family cytokine known for its complex and context-dependent effects on tissues, either protective- or detrimental, to salivary glands leads to hypofunction and pathological changes of salivary glands in C57BL/6 mice and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the latter being a commonly used model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. This study aims to delineate the pathophysiological roles of endogenously produced IL-22 in the development of salivary gland pathologies and dysfunction associated with Sjӧgren's disease in the NOD mouse model. Our results reveal that neutralizing IL-22 offered a protective effect on salivary gland function without significantly affecting the immune cell infiltration of salivary glands or the autoantibody production. Blockade of IL-22 reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in salivary gland tissues of NOD mice, while its administration to salivary glands had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the detrimental impact of exogenously applied IL-22 on salivary glands was almost completely abrogated by a specific STAT3 inhibitor. Moreover, IL-22 blockade led to a downregulation of protein amounts of Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase critical for mediating interferon-induced responses, in salivary gland epithelial cells. IL-22 neutralization also exerted a protective effect on the salivary gland epithelial cells that express high levels of surface EpCAM and bear the stem cell potential, and IL-22 treatment in vitro hampered the survival/expansion of these salivary gland stem cells, indicating a direct negative impact of IL-22 on these cells. In summary, this study has uncovered a critical pathogenic role of the endogenous IL-22 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease-characteristic salivary gland dysfunction and provided initial evidence that this effect is dependent on STAT3 activation and potentially achieved through fostering Tet2-mediated interferon responses in salivary gland epithelial cells and negatively affecting the EpCAMhigh salivary gland stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Aragão Felix
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-chou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Che N, Tian J, Man K, Rui K, Peng N, Lu L. The role of epithelial cells in the immunopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:57-67. [PMID: 37134025 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of the affected exocrine glands. Lymphocytic infiltration within the inflamed glands and aberrant B-cell hyperactivation are the two salient pathologic features in Sjögren's syndrome. Increasing evidence indicates that salivary gland epithelial cells act as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, as revealed by the dysregulated innate immune signaling pathways in salivary gland epithelium and increased expression of various proinflammatory molecules as well as their interaction with immune cells. In addition, salivary gland epithelial cells can regulate adaptive immune responses as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells and promote the activation and differentiation of infiltrated immune cells. Moreover, the local inflammatory milieu can modulate the survival of salivary gland epithelial cells, leading to enhanced apoptosis and pyroptosis with the release of intracellular autoantigens, which further contributes to SG autoimmune inflammation and tissue destruction in Sjögren's syndrome. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in elucidating the role of salivary gland epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, which may provide rationales for potential therapeutic targeting of salivary gland epithelial cells to alleviate salivary gland dysfunction alongside treatments with immunosuppressive reagents in Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, College street, Xiling District, Yichang, China
| | - Nan Che
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second People's Hospital of Three Gorges University, College street, Xiling District, Yichang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Desvaux E, Hemon P, Soret P, Le Dantec C, Chatzis L, Cornec D, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Elouej S, Duguet F, Laigle L, Poirier N, Moingeon P, Bretin S, Pers JO. High-content multimodal analysis supports the IL-7/IL-7 receptor axis as a relevant therapeutic target in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2023:103147. [PMID: 38114349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the involvement of IL-7/IL-7R axis in pSS has been described in relation to T cells, little is known about the contribution of this pathway in relationship with other immune cells, and its implication in autoimmunity. Using high-content multiomics data, we aimed at characterizing IL-7R expressing cells and the involvement of IL-7/IL-7R pathway in pSS pathophysiology. METHODS An IL-7 signature established using RNA-sequencing of human PBMCs incubated with IL-7 was applied to 304 pSS patients, and on RNA-Seq datasets from tissue biopsies. High-content immunophenotyping using flow and imaging mass cytometry was developed to characterize peripheral and in situ IL-7R expression. RESULTS We identified a blood 4-gene IL-7 module (IKZF4, KIAA0040, PGAP1 and SOS1) associated with anti-SSA/Ro positiveness in patients as well as disease activity, and a tissue 5-gene IL-7 module (IL7R, PCED1B, TNFSF8, ADAM19, MYBL1) associated with infiltration severity. We confirmed expression of IL-7R on T cells subsets, and further observed upregulation of IL-7R on double-negative (DN) B cells, and especially DN2 B cells. IL-7R expression was increased in pSS compared to sicca patients with variations seen according to the degree of infiltration. When expressed, IL-7R was mainly found on epithelial cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, switched memory B cells, DN B cells and M1 macrophages. CONCLUSION This exhaustive characterization of the IL-7/IL-7R pathway in pSS pathophysiology established that two IL-7 gene modules discriminate pSS patients with a high IL-7 axis involvement. Their use could guide the implementation of an anti-IL-7R targeted therapy in a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Desvaux
- LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France; Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Patrice Hemon
- LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France
| | - Perrine Soret
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Loukas Chatzis
- LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Divi Cornec
- LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France; CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sahar Elouej
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Fanny Duguet
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Laurence Laigle
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Philippe Moingeon
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Sylvie Bretin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Research and Development, Suresnes, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- LBAI, UMR1227, University of Brest, Inserm, Brest, France; CHU de Brest, Brest, France.
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Zhou J, Onodera S, Yu Q. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity by MCC950 leads to exacerbation of Sjӧgren's syndrome pathologies in non-obese diabetic mice. Immunology 2023; 168:697-708. [PMID: 36353754 PMCID: PMC10038882 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by chronic inflammation and dysfunction of exocrine glands and causes dry mouth, dry eyes and various systemic health problems. The objective of this study is to define the in vivo actions of the endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome, a key initiator and mediator of various immune and inflammatory conditions, in newly established SS disease. MCC950, a highly specific small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation, was intraperitoneally administered to the female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice aged 11 weeks, which have newly established SS-like hyposalivation and pathologies. The injection was conducted three times weekly for three consecutive weeks and mice were analysed for characteristic SS pathologies at the end of the treatments. MCC950 treatment resulted in a marked reduction in salivary secretion and an exacerbation of leukocyte infiltration of submandibular glands. The disease-worsening effect of MCC950 treatment was accompanied by increased T and B cell numbers, enhanced T helper 1 response and reduced aquaporin 5 expression in submandibular glands. Hence, ablation of endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome activity by MCC950 with established autoimmune exocrinopathy exacerbates salivary gland dysfunction and inflammation, indicating a disease-alleviating and inflammation-dampening action of the endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome activity during established SS disease in the non-obese diabetic mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-chou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044215. [PMID: 36835620 PMCID: PMC9967432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common disorders that disrupt the quality of life of millions of people. These two chronic diseases cause damage to the joint cartilage and surrounding tissues of more than 220 million people worldwide. Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group (HMG) box C, SOXC, is a superfamily of transcription factors that have been recently shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These include embryonic development, cell differentiation, fate determination, and autoimmune diseases, as well as carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The SOXC superfamily includes SOX4, SOX11, and SOX12, all have a similar DNA-binding domain, i.e., HMG. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of SOXC transcription factors during arthritis progression and their potential utilization as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The involved mechanistic processes and signaling molecules are discussed. SOX12 appears to have no role in arthritis, however SOX11 is dysregulated and promotes arthritic progression according to some studies but supports joint maintenance and protects cartilage and bone cells according to others. On the other hand, SOX4 upregulation during OA and RA was documented in almost all studies including preclinical and clinical models. Molecular details have indicated that SOX4 can autoregulate its own expression besides regulating the expression of SOX11, a characteristic associated with the transcription factors that protects their abundance and activity. From analyzing the currently available data, SOX4 seems to be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of arthritis.
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JAK/STAT Pathway Targeting in Primary Sjögren Syndrome. RHEUMATOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 3:95-102. [PMID: 36788973 PMCID: PMC9895869 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune systemic disease mainly affecting exocrine glands and resulting in disabling symptoms, as dry eye and dry mouth. Mechanisms underlying pSS pathogenesis are intricate, involving multiplanar and, at the same time, interlinked levels, e.g., genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications and the dysregulation of both immune system and glandular-resident cellular pathways, mainly salivary gland epithelial cells. Unravelling the biological and molecular complexity of pSS is still a great challenge but much progress has been made in recent years in basic and translational research field, allowing the identification of potential novel targets for therapy development. Despite such promising novelties, however, none therapy has been specifically approved for pSS treatment until now. In recent years, growing evidence has supported the modulation of Janus kinases (JAK) - signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways as treatment strategy immune mediated diseases. JAK-STAT pathway plays a crucial role in autoimmunity and systemic inflammation, being involved in signal pathways of many cytokines. This review aims to report the state-of-the-art about the role of JAK-STAT pathway in pSS, with particular focus on available research and clinical data regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in pSS.
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Association between IL-7 and primary Sjögren's syndrome: A single-center study and a systematic scoping review. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li P, Han M, Zhao X, Ren G, Mei S, Zhong C. Abnormal Epigenetic Regulations in the Immunocytes of Sjögren's Syndrome Patients and Therapeutic Potentials. Cells 2022; 11:1767. [PMID: 35681462 PMCID: PMC9179300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and dry mouth, is a common autoimmune disease, especially in middle-aged women. The immunopathogenesis of SjS is caused by the sequential infiltration of T and B cells into exocrine glands, including salivary and lacrimal glands. Effector cytokines produced by these immunocytes, such as interferons (IFNs), IL-17, IL-22, IL-21, IL-4, TNF-α, BAFF and APRIL, play critical roles in promoting autoimmune responses and inducing tissue damages. Epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs, have recently been comprehensively studied during the activation of various immunocytes. The deficiency of key epigenetic enzymes usually leads to aberrant immune activation. Epigenetic modifications in T and B cells are usually found to be altered during the immunopathogenesis of SjS, and they are closely correlated with autoimmune responses. In particular, the important role of methylation in activating IFN pathways during SjS progression has been revealed. Thus, according to the involvement of epigenetic regulations in SjS, target therapies to reverse the altered epigenetic modifications in auto-responsive T and B cells are worthy of being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Mengwei Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Guanqun Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Si Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Chao Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; (P.L.); (M.H.); (X.Z.); (G.R.); (S.M.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang Y, Feng R, Cheng G, Huang B, Tian J, Gan Y, Jin Y, Miao M, Zhang X, Sun X, He J, Li Z. Low Dose Interleukin-2 Ameliorates Sjögren's Syndrome in a Murine Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:887354. [PMID: 35665339 PMCID: PMC9160330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.887354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease with no efficient treatment, and it is associated with dysregulated immune cells and impaired interleukin (IL)-2 signaling. IL-2 is critical for the development and maintenance of Treg cells. The use of low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases is promising, but the efficacy and mechanism in SS therapy are still to be confirmed. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of LDIL-2 on SS in NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. NOD mice (female, 8 weeks old) were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 8). Low dose of IL-2 (LDIL-2), high dose of IL-2 (HDIL-2), and isometric sterile water (control) were administered subcutaneously daily from week 8 to week 16. LDIL-2 administration significantly recovered the reduction in saliva flow and suppressed lymphocyte inflammation of the submandibular glands (SMGs) when compared with those treated with sterile water as controls (p < 0.05). SS related biomarkers including ANA, Anti-SSA/Ro, and Anti-SSB/La also declined (p < 0.05). In the low dose of IL-2 treated group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs in both spleen and cervical-lymph-node were higher than control mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CD4+Bcl-6+PD-1+CXCR5+Tfh cells, CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 cells, and CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells were significantly reduced in LDIL-2 group (p < 0.05). Analysis of the SMGs biopsies showed significantly decreased inflammation scores after LDIL-2 administration and an increase of Tregs with immunohistochemical staining. Our findings provide in vivo evidence that LDIL-2 was an effective therapeutic intervention for SS observed in NOD mice and may restore immune balance through the promotion of Treg and suppression of germinal center (GC) B cells and effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhou J, Zhang X, Yu Q. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166302. [PMID: 34780913 PMCID: PMC8714705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferons (IFNs) and promote pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune Sjögren's syndrome (SS) primarily affects salivary and lacrimal glands, causing their inflammation, destruction and dysfunction. pDCs and type I IFN activity are elevated in salivary glands of SS patients, and this study seeks to elucidate the in vivo actions of pDCs in SS pathogenesis using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We confirmed the type I IFN-dependency of SS development in female NOD mice and elevation of pDC-type I IFN in their submandibular glands (SMGs). We administered a pDC-depleting anti-BST2/CD317 antibody to female NOD mice from 4 to 7 weeks of age at the early stage of SS, and assessed SS pathologies at age 10 weeks, the time of disease onset. Depletion of pDCs impeded the development of SMG inflammation and secretory dysfunction. It drastically reduced the amount of type I IFN mRNA and the number of total leukocytes, and T- and B lymphocytes in SMGs. Gene expression analyses showed that pDC depletion markedly diminished SMG expression of IL-7, BAFF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL11, CD40, CD40L, Lt-α, Lt-β and NOS2. Hence, pDCs critically contribute to the development and onset of SS-like salivary gland exocrinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine,188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding Authors: Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Jing Zhou, Ph.D., The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. , Qing Yu, M.D., Ph.D., The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142,
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Present address: Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine,188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding Authors: Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Jing Zhou, Ph.D., The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142. , Qing Yu, M.D., Ph.D., The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142,
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12
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease marked by xerostomia (dry mouth), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (eye dryness), and other systematic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves an inflammatory process that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands and other tissues. Although the development of ectopic lymphoid tissue and overproduction of autoantibodies by hyperactive B cells suggest that they may promote SjS development, treatment directed towards them fails to induce significant laboratory or clinical improvement. T cells are overwhelming infiltrators in most phases of the disease, and the involvement of multiple T cell subsets of suggests the extraordinary complexity of SjS pathogenesis. The factors, including various cellular subtypes and molecules, regulate the activation and suppression of T cells. T cell activation induces inflammatory cell infiltration, B cell activation, tissue damage, and metabolic changes in SjS. Knowledge of the pathways that link these T cell subtypes and regulation of their activities are not completely understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress and our understanding of T cells in SjS, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ TRM cells, and innate T cells, to provide insights into for clinical treatment.
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Hinrichs AC, Blokland SLM, Lopes AP, Wichers CGK, Kruize AA, Pandit A, Radstake TRDJ, van Roon JAG. Transcriptome Analysis of CCR9+ T Helper Cells From Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients Identifies CCL5 as a Novel Effector Molecule. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702733. [PMID: 34386009 PMCID: PMC8354142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CCR9+ Tfh-like pathogenic T helper (Th) cells are elevated in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and indicated to play a role in pSS immunopathology. Here we delineate the CCR9+ Th cell-specific transcriptome to study the molecular dysregulation of these cells in pSS patients. Methods CCR9+, CXCR5+ and CCR9-CXCR5- Th cells from blood of 7 healthy controls (HC) and 7 pSS patients were FACS sorted and RNA sequencing was performed. Computational analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), coherent gene expression networks and differentially regulated pathways. Target genes were replicated in additional cohorts. Results 5131 genes were differentially expressed between CCR9+ and CXCR5+ Th cells; 6493 and 4783 between CCR9+ and CCR9-CXCR5- and between CXCR5+ and CCR9-CXCR5-, respectively. In the CCR9+ Th cell subset 2777 DEGs were identified between HC and pSS patients, 1416 and 1077 in the CXCR5+ and CCR9-CXCR5- subsets, respectively. One gene network was selected based on eigengene expression differences between the Th cell subsets and pathways enriched for genes involved in migration and adhesion, cytokine and chemokine production. Selected DEGs of interest (HOPX, SOX4, ITGAE, ITGA1, NCR3, ABCB1, C3AR1, NT5E, CCR5 and CCL5) from this module were validated and found upregulated in blood CCR9+ Th cells, but were similarly expressed in HC and pSS patients. Increased frequencies of CCR9+ Th cells were shown to express higher levels of CCL5 than CXCR5+ and CCR9-CXCR5- Th cells, with the highest expression confined to effector CCR9+ Th cells. Antigenic triggering and stimulation with IL-7 of the Th cell subsets co-cultured with monocytes strongly induced CCL5 secretion in CCR9+ Th cell cocultures. Additionally, effector CCR9+ Th cells rapidly released CCL5 and secreted the highest CCL5 levels upon stimulation. Conclusion Transcriptomic analysis of circulating CCR9+ Th cells reveals CCR9-specific pathways involved in effector T cell function equally expressed in pSS patients and HC. Given the increased numbers of CCR9+ Th cells in the blood and inflamed glands of pSS patients and presence of inflammatory stimuli to activate these cells this suggests that CCR9-specific functions, such as cell recruitment upon CCL5 secretion, could significantly contribute to immunopathology in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneline C Hinrichs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sofie L M Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ana P Lopes
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Catharina G K Wichers
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joel A G van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Reiser SC, Tellermann J, Akota I, Pilmane M. Profiling and Characterization of Localized Cytokine Response in Congenital Cleft Affected Lip Tissue. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060556. [PMID: 34199238 PMCID: PMC8232006 DOI: 10.3390/life11060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Despite cleft lips and palates belonging to the most common orofacial congenital anomalies, their morphopathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The study aimed to determine the distribution and relation of cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-13 in the cleft affected mucosa of the lip. (2) Materials and Methods: Twenty cleft lip (CL) mucosal samples and seven control tissues of oral cavity mucosa were included in the study. Specimen were obtained during reconstruction surgeries and processed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-13. (3) Results: The distribution of cytokines was higher overall in the cleft affected epithelium compared to the connective tissue, with TNF-a, IL-2, and IL-12 displaying the highest number of immunopositive cells. With the exception of IL-2, CL specimen showed higher immunoreactivity. IFN-γ displayed only minor immunoreactivity, with no expression in the control epithelium. Correlation analysis was strongest between CL epithelial IL-13 and IFN-γ (z = 0.71, p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: The CLP affected epithelium displays high degrees of plasticity in expressing different cytokines, pointing towards the stimulation of a local adaptive immune response based on consistent inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charlotte Reiser
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (J.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-157-8363-8902
| | - Jonas Tellermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (J.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Ilze Akota
- Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 20, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Māra Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia; (J.T.); (M.P.)
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15
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Verstappen GM, Pringle S, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM. Epithelial-immune cell interplay in primary Sjögren syndrome salivary gland pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:333-348. [PMID: 33911236 PMCID: PMC8081003 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), the function of the salivary glands is often considerably reduced. Multiple innate immune pathways are likely dysregulated in the salivary gland epithelium in pSS, including the nuclear factor-κB pathway, the inflammasome and interferon signalling. The ductal cells of the salivary gland in pSS are characteristically surrounded by a CD4+ T cell-rich and B cell-rich infiltrate, implying a degree of communication between epithelial cells and immune cells. B cell infiltrates within the ducts can initiate the development of lymphoepithelial lesions, including basal ductal cell hyperplasia. Vice versa, the epithelium provides chronic activation signals to the glandular B cell fraction. This continuous stimulation might ultimately drive the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This Review discusses changes in the cells of the salivary gland epithelium in pSS (including acinar, ductal and progenitor cells), and the proposed interplay of these cells with environmental stimuli and the immune system. Current therapeutic options are insufficient to address both lymphocytic infiltration and salivary gland dysfunction. Successful rescue of salivary gland function in pSS will probably demand a multimodal therapeutic approach and an appreciation of the complicity of the salivary gland epithelium in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Dai Z, Wang EHC, Petukhova L, Chang Y, Lee EY, Christiano AM. Blockade of IL-7 signaling suppresses inflammatory responses and reverses alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd1866. [PMID: 33811067 PMCID: PMC11060042 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulation of T cell function and survival. We detected overexpression of IL-7 in lesional skin from both humans and C3H/HeJ mice with alopecia areata (AA), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the hair follicle. We found that exogenous IL-7 accelerated the onset of AA by augmenting the expansion of alopecic T cells. Conversely, blockade of IL-7 stopped the progression of AA and reversed early AA in C3H/HeJ mice. Mechanistically, we observed that IL-7Rα blockade substantially reduced the total number of most T cell subsets, but relative sparing of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We postulated that short-term anti-IL-7Rα treatment in combination with a low dose of Treg-tropic cytokines might improve therapeutic efficacy in AA. We demonstrated that short-term IL-7Rα blockade in combination with low doses of Treg-tropic cytokines enhanced therapeutic effects in the treatment of AA, and invite further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Dai
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eddy Hsi Chun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eunice Yoojin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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17
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Rivière E, Pascaud J, Virone A, Dupré A, Ly B, Paoletti A, Seror R, Tchitchek N, Mingueneau M, Smith N, Duffy D, Cassard L, Chaput N, Pengam S, Gauttier V, Poirier N, Mariette X, Nocturne G. Interleukin-7/Interferon Axis Drives T Cell and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Interactions in Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:631-640. [PMID: 33058491 DOI: 10.1002/art.41558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands (SGs) and the presence of an interferon (IFN) signature. SG epithelial cells (SGECs) play an active role in primary SS pathophysiology. We undertook this study to examine the interactions between SGECs and T cells in primary SS and the role of the interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IFN axis. METHODS Primary cultured SGECs from control subjects and patients with primary SS were stimulated with poly(I-C), IFNα, or IFNγ. T cells were sorted from blood and stimulated with IL-7. CD25 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. SG explants were cultured for 4 days with anti-IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) antagonist antibody (OSE-127), and transcriptomic analysis was performed using the NanoString platform. RESULTS Serum IL-7 level was increased in patients with primary SS compared to controls and was associated with B cell biomarkers. IL7R expression was decreased in T cells from patients with primary SS compared to controls. SGECs stimulated with poly(I-C), IFNα, or IFNγ secreted IL-7. IL-7 stimulation increased the activation of T cells, as well as IFNγ secretion. Transcriptomic analysis of SG explants showed a correlation between IL7 and IFN expression. Finally, explants cultured with anti-IL-7R antibody showed decreased IFN-stimulated gene expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest the presence of an IL-7/IFNγ amplification loop involving SGECs and T cells in primary SS. IL-7 was secreted by SGECs stimulated with type I or type II IFN and, in turn, activated T cells that secrete type II IFN. An anti-IL-7R antibody decreased the IFN signature in T cells in primary SS and could be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Recherche et Développement, Arthritis Fondation Courtin, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Virone
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia Dupré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaèle Seror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nikaïa Smith
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
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18
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Ríos-Ríos WDJ, Sosa-Luis SA, Torres-Aguilar H. T Cells Subsets in the Immunopathology and Treatment of Sjogren's Syndrome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1539. [PMID: 33187265 PMCID: PMC7698113 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjogren´s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is characterized by an exacerbated T cell infiltration in exocrine glands, markedly associated to the inflammatory and detrimental features as well as the disease progression. Several helper T cell subsets sequentially converge at different stages of the ailment, becoming involved in specific pathologic roles. Initially, their activated phenotype endows them with high migratory properties and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in target tissues. Later, the accumulation of immunomodulatory T cells-derived factors, such as IL-17, IFN-γ, or IL-21, preserve the inflammatory environment. These effects favor strong B cell activation, instigating an extrafollicular antibody response in ectopic lymphoid structures mediated by T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and leading to disease progression. Additionally, the memory effector phenotype of CD8+ T cells present in SS patients suggests that the presence of auto-antigen restricted CD8+ T cells might trigger time-dependent and specific immune responses. Regarding the protective roles of traditional regulatory T cells (Treg), uncertain evidence shows decrease or invariable numbers of circulating and infiltrating cells. Nevertheless, an emerging Treg subset named follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) seems to play a critical protective role owing to their deficiency that enhances SS development. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of T cells subsets contribution to the SS immunopathology, focusing on the cellular and biomolecular properties allowing them to infiltrate and to harm target tissues, and that simultaneously make them key therapeutic targets for SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Clinical Immunology Research of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico;
| | - Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Honorio Torres-Aguilar
- Department of Clinical Immunology Research of Biochemical Sciences Faculty, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca City 68120, Mexico;
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19
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Contributions of Major Cell Populations to Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093057. [PMID: 32971904 PMCID: PMC7564211 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a female dominated autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into salivary and lacrimal glands and subsequent exocrine glandular dysfunction. SS also may exhibit a broad array of extraglandular manifestations including an elevated incidence of non-Hodgkin’s B cell lymphoma. The etiology of SS remains poorly understood, yet progress has been made in identifying progressive stages of disease using preclinical mouse models. The roles played by immune cell subtypes within these stages of disease are becoming increasingly well understood, though significant gaps in knowledge still remain. There is evidence for distinct involvement from both innate and adaptive immune cells, where cells of the innate immune system establish a proinflammatory environment characterized by a type I interferon (IFN) signature that facilitates propagation of the disease by further activating T and B cell subsets to generate autoantibodies and participate in glandular destruction. This review will discuss the evidence for participation in disease pathogenesis by various classes of immune cells and glandular epithelial cells based upon data from both preclinical mouse models and human patients. Further examination of the contributions of glandular and immune cell subtypes to SS will be necessary to identify additional therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of the disease.
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20
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yu X, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mouse Models of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32695097 PMCID: PMC7338666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex rheumatoid disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eye). SS is characterized by autoantibodies, infiltration into exocrine glands, and ectopic expression of MHC II molecules on glandular epithelial cells. In contrast to the well-characterized clinical and immunological features, the etiology and pathogenesis of SS remain largely unknown. Animal models are powerful research tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of human diseases. To date, many mouse models of SS, including induced models, in which disease is induced in mice, and genetic models, in which mice spontaneously develop SS-like disease, have been established. These mouse models have provided new insight into the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field of experimental SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Gao
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junfeng Zheng
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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21
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Gupta S, Ferrada MA, Hasni SA. Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Underlying Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1327. [PMID: 31249572 PMCID: PMC6583234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an understudied entity with important clinical implications. Its prevalence has been reported in up to 20% of pSS patients. Pulmonary manifestations of pSS are diverse with involvement of airway and/or lung parenchyma. Histopathology of lung lesions suggests a predominance of submucosal mononuclear cell infiltration consisting predominantly of CD4+ T cells. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of lung disease in pSS suggests a similar process driving the pulmonary process as those in the salivary glands, with epithelial cells playing a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and symptomatology of the disease. Clinical manifestations of lung involvement in pSS are as varied as the underlying pathology and can be vague and non-specific, thus delaying diagnosis. Management options depend on the underlying pathology but are generally limited due to lack of systematic randomized controlled trials. This review helps summarize our current understanding of lung involvement in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marcela A Ferrada
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarfaraz A Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Akkapeddi P, Fragoso R, Hixon JA, Ramalho AS, Oliveira ML, Carvalho T, Gloger A, Matasci M, Corzana F, Durum SK, Neri D, Bernardes GJL, Barata JT. A fully human anti-IL-7Rα antibody promotes antitumor activity against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2155-2168. [PMID: 30850736 PMCID: PMC6733707 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer for which treatment options often result in incomplete therapeutic efficacy and long-term side-effects. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor IL-7Rα promote T-ALL development and mutational activation of IL-7Rα associates with very high risk in relapsed disease. Using combinatorial phage-display libraries and antibody reformatting, we generated a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (named B12) against both wild-type and mutant human IL-7Rα, predicted to form a stable complex with IL-7Rα at a different site from IL-7. B12 impairs IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling, sensitizes T-ALL cells to treatment with dexamethasone and can induce cell death per se. The antibody also promotes antibody-dependent natural killer-mediated leukemia cytotoxicity in vitro and delays T-cell leukemia development in vivo, reducing tumor burden and promoting mouse survival. B12 is rapidly internalized and traffics to the lysosome, rendering it an attractive vehicle for targeted intracellular delivery of cytotoxic cargo. Consequently, we engineered a B12–MMAE antibody–drug conjugate and provide proof-of-concept evidence that it has increased leukemia cell killing abilities as compared with the naked antibody. Our studies serve as a stepping stone for the development of novel targeted therapies in T-ALL and other diseases where IL-7Rα has a pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Ramalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreas Gloger
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Scott K Durum
- Cytokines and Immunity Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Blokland SLM, Flessa CM, van Roon JAG, Mavragani CP. Emerging roles for chemokines and cytokines as orchestrators of immunopathology in Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 60:3072-3087. [PMID: 30838419 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In primary SS (pSS), chemokines and cytokines orchestrate immunopathology driven by a complex network of interacting inflammatory cells. In recent years, the importance of chemotactic and non-chemotactic cytokines that control function, movement and placing of all cells within the inflamed exocrine glands and directing immunopathology has become increasingly clear. This paper reviews the current knowledge on chemokines and focuses on the emerging roles of novel chemotactic and non-chemotactic mediators in pSS. It highlights their contribution to pathogenic processes such as B cell hyperactivity and the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. To this end, the role of acquired (CXCR5/CCR9 Th-cell-mediated) and innate (inflammasome/IL-1/IL-18-mediated) pathways in steering immunopathology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie L M Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joel A G van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Ellis J, van Maurik A, Fortunato L, Gisbert S, Chen K, Schwartz A, McHugh S, Want A, Santos Franco S, Oliveira JJ, Price J, Coles A, Brown K, Su D, Craigen JL, Yang J, Brett S, Davis B, Cheriyan J, Kousin-Ezewu O, Gray F, Thompson PW, Fernando D. Anti-IL-7 receptor α monoclonal antibody (GSK2618960) in healthy subjects - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:304-315. [PMID: 30161291 PMCID: PMC6339973 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Interleukin (IL)‐7 signalling modulates T cell activity and is implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases. The present study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, target engagement, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of GSK2618960, an IL‐7 receptor‐α subunit (CD127) monoclonal antibody. Methods A double‐blind (sponsor‐unblind) study of a single intravenous infusion of either GSK2618960 (0.6 mg kg–1 or 2.0 mg kg–1) or placebo was carried out in 18 healthy subjects over 24 weeks. Results GSK2618960 was well tolerated; there were no serious or significant adverse events. The observed half‐life was 5 (±1) days (2.0 mg kg–1), with nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Full receptor occupancy (>95%) was observed until day 8 (0.6 mg kg–1) and day 22 (2.0 mg kg–1). Maximal inhibition of IL‐7‐mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation was observed in 5/6 subjects until day 22 (2.0 mg kg–1). Mean circulating IL‐7 and soluble receptor (CD127) levels were increased above baseline during days 2 and 15 (0.6 mg kg–1) and days 2 and 22 (2.0 mg kg–1). No meaningful changes were observed in absolute numbers or proportions of immune cell populations or inflammatory cytokine profiles (IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, IL‐2). Persistent antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were detected in 5/6 subjects administered a dose of 0.6 mg kg–1 (neutralizing in 2/6) and in 6/6 subjects administered 2.0 mg kg–1 (neutralizing in 5/6). Conclusion GSK2618960 was well tolerated and blocked IL‐7 receptor signalling upon full target engagement. Although there was no discernible impact on peripheral T cell subsets in healthy subjects, GSK2618960 may effectively modulate the autoinflammatory activity of pathogenic T cells in diseased tissue. A relatively short half‐life is likely the result of target‐mediated rather than ADA‐mediated clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon McHugh
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Want
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Santos Franco
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey Price
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kim Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, UK
| | - Donggang Su
- GlaxoSmithKline, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jenny L Craigen
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Herts, UK.,Crescendo Biologics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiansong Yang
- GlaxoSmithKline, Shanghai, China.,Mosim Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bill Davis
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Onajite Kousin-Ezewu
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK.,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul W Thompson
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Disala Fernando
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Belarif L, Mary C, Jacquemont L, Mai HL, Danger R, Hervouet J, Minault D, Thepenier V, Nerrière-Daguin V, Nguyen E, Pengam S, Largy E, Delobel A, Martinet B, Le Bas-Bernardet S, Brouard S, Soulillou JP, Degauque N, Blancho G, Vanhove B, Poirier N. IL-7 receptor blockade blunts antigen-specific memory T cell responses and chronic inflammation in primates. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4483. [PMID: 30367166 PMCID: PMC6203796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the expansion of pathogenic memory immune cells is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent chronic autoimmune attacks. Here we investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of new anti-human IL-7Rα monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in non-human primates and show that, depending on the target epitope, a single injection of antagonistic anti-IL-7Rα mAbs induces a long-term control of skin inflammation despite repeated antigen challenges in presensitized monkeys. No modification in T cell numbers, phenotype, function or metabolism is observed in the peripheral blood or in response to polyclonal stimulation ex vivo. However, long-term in vivo hyporesponsiveness is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of antigen-specific T cells producing IFN-γ upon antigen restimulation ex vivo. These findings indicate that chronic antigen-specific memory T cell responses can be controlled by anti-IL-7Rα mAbs, promoting and maintaining remission in T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyssia Belarif
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France
| | - Caroline Mary
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France
| | - Lola Jacquemont
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Hoa Le Mai
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Jeremy Hervouet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - David Minault
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Virginie Thepenier
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France
| | - Veronique Nerrière-Daguin
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Elisabeth Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Sabrina Pengam
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France
| | - Eric Largy
- Quality Assistance, Thuin, 6536, Belgium.,ARNA laboratory, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR5320, IECB, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | | | - Bernard Martinet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Stéphanie Le Bas-Bernardet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Bernard Vanhove
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France
| | - Nicolas Poirier
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI) UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44093, France. .,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, 44200, France.
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26
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Clinical and immunological parameters of Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1053-1064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Sandhya P, Kurien BT, Danda D, Scofield RH. Update on Pathogenesis of Sjogren's Syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2018; 13:5-22. [PMID: 27412602 DOI: 10.2174/1573397112666160714164149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome is a common autoimmune disease that presents with sicca symptoms and extraglandular features. Sjogren's syndrome is presumably as common as RA; yet it is poorly understood, underdiagnosed and undertreated. From the usual identity as an autoimmune exocrinopathy to its most recent designate as an autoimmune epithelitis - the journey of SS is complex. We herein review some of the most important milestones that have shed light on different aspects of pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease. This includes role of salivary gland epithelial cells, and their interaction with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Non-immune factors acting in concert or in parallel with immune factors may also be important. The risk genes identified so far have only weak association, nevertheless advances in genetics have enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms. Role of epigenetic and environmental role factors is also being explored. SS has also some unique features such as congenital heart block and high incidence of lymphoma; disease mechanisms accounting for these manifestations are also reviewed.
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28
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Zhou J, Yu Q. Anti-IL-7 receptor-α treatment ameliorates newly established Sjögren's-like exocrinopathy in non-obese diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2438-2447. [PMID: 29680668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The levels of interleukin (IL)-7 and its receptor are elevated in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Our previous study indicates that IL-7 plays a critical pathogenic role in the development and onset of SS in a mouse model of this disease. The present study aims at determining whether IL-7 also plays a role in sustaining SS pathologies after the disease onset, by using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) model. Intraperitoneal administration of a blocking antibody against the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) to female NOD mice aged 10 weeks, which exhibited newly onset clinical SS, for the duration of 3 weeks significantly ameliorated characteristic SS pathologies including hyposalivation and leukocyte infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ-producing CD4 T- and CD8 T cells, B cells, and lymphocyte chemoattractants CXCL9, -10, -11 and -13 in the SMGs. Anti-IL-7Rα treatment markedly diminished the amount of TNF-α in the SMGs and increased the level of claudin-1 and aquaporin 5, two molecules critical for normal salivary secretion. Furthermore, neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF-α, individually or in combination, considerably improved salivary secretion, reduced leukocyte infiltration and down-regulated CXCL9 and -13 expression in the SMGs. Collectively, the results indicate that endogenous IL-7R signals promote Th1 and Tc1 responses and IFN-γ- and TNF-α production to sustain the persistence of SS-like sialadenitis in NOD mice. These findings suggest that IL-7 and Th1 cytokines could serve as promising therapeutic targets for this prevalent autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115..
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29
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Wang C, Zaheer M, Bian F, Quach D, Swennes AG, Britton RA, Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. Sjögren-Like Lacrimal Keratoconjunctivitis in Germ-Free Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E565. [PMID: 29438346 PMCID: PMC5855787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria play an important role in the formation of the immune system but their role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis at the ocular surface and lacrimal gland remains poorly understood. This study investigated the eye and lacrimal gland phenotype in germ-free and conventional C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that germ-free mice had significantly greater corneal barrier disruption, greater goblet cell loss, and greater total inflammatory cell and CD4⁺ T cell infiltration within the lacrimal gland compared to the conventionally housed group. A greater frequency of CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells was observed in germ-free lacrimal glands. Females exhibited a more severe phenotype compared to males. Adoptive transfer of CD4⁺ T cells isolated from female germ-free mice into RAG1KO mice transferred Sjögren-like lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis. Fecal microbiota transplant from conventional mice reverted dry eye phenotype in germ-free mice and decreased CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells to levels similar to conventional C57BL/6J mice. These findings indicate that germ-free mice have a spontaneous lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis similar to that observed in Sjögren syndrome patients and demonstrate that commensal bacteria function in maintaining immune homeostasis on the ocular surface. Thus, manipulation of intestinal commensal bacteria has the potential to become a novel therapeutic approach to treat Sjögren Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Wang
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou 310009, China.
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Mahira Zaheer
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Fang Bian
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Darin Quach
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Alton G Swennes
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Robert A Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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30
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Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. The Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease: What We Know and Future Directions for Research. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:S4-S13. [PMID: 29055361 PMCID: PMC5657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory studies performed over the past few decades have discovered that dry eye is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be initiated by numerous extrinsic or intrinsic factors that promote an unstable and hyperosmolar tear film. These changes in tear composition, in some cases combined with systemic factors, lead to an inflammatory cycle that causes ocular surface epithelial disease and neural stimulation. Acute desiccation activates stress signaling pathways in the ocular surface epithelium and resident immune cells. This triggers production of innate inflammatory mediators that stimulate the production of matrix metalloprotease, inflammatory cell recruitment, and dendritic cell maturation. These mediators, combined with exposure of autoantigens, can lead to an adaptive T cell-mediated response. Cornea barrier disruption develops by protease-mediated lysis of epithelial tight junctions, leading to accelerated cell death; desquamation; an irregular, poorly lubricated cornea surface; and exposure and sensitization of epithelial nociceptors. Conjunctival goblet cell dysfunction and death are promoted by the T helper 1 cytokine interferon gamma. These epithelial changes further destabilize the tear film, amplify inflammation, and create a vicious cycle. Cyclosporine and lifitegrast, the 2 US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, inhibit T-cell activation and cytokine production. Although these therapies represent a major advance in dry eye therapy, they are not effective in improving discomfort and corneal epithelial disease in all patients. Preclinical studies have identified other potential therapeutic targets, biomarkers, and strategies to bolster endogenous immunoregulatory pathways. These discoveries will, it is hoped, lead to further advances in diagnostic classification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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31
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Retamozo S, Flores-Chavez A, Consuegra-Fernández M, Lozano F, Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zerón P. Cytokines as therapeutic targets in primary Sjögren syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 184:81-97. [PMID: 29092775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that may affect 1 in 1000 people (overwhelmingly women) and that can be a serious disease with excess mortality due to severe organ-specific involvements and the development of B cell lymphoma; systemic involvement clearly marks the disease prognosis, and strongly suggests the need for closer follow-up and more robust therapeutic management. Therapy is established according to the organ involved and severity. As a rule, the management of systemic SjS should be organ-specific, with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents limited to potentially-severe involvements; unfortunately, the limited evidence available for these drugs, together with the potential development of serious adverse events, makes solid therapeutic recommendations difficult. The emergence of biological therapies has increased the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat primary SjS. Biologics currently used in SjS patients are used off-label and are overwhelmingly agents targeting B cells, but the most recent studies are moving on into the evaluation of targeting specific cytokines involved in the SjS pathogenesis. The most recent etiopathogenic advances in SjS are shedding some light in the search for new highly-selective biological therapies without the adverse effects of the standard drugs currently used (corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs). This review summarizes the potential pharmacotherapeutic options targeting the main cytokine families involved in the etiopathogenesis of primary SjS and analyzes potential insights for developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Retamozo
- Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Spain; Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Flores-Chavez
- Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Spain; Biomedical Research Unit 02, Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, UMAE, Specialties Hospital, Western Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico; Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, University Center for Biomedical Research (CUIB), University of Colima, Colima, Mexico; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat I Adaptatiu, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat I Adaptatiu, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manuel Ramos-Casals
- Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pilar Brito-Zerón
- Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, CELLEX-IDIBAPS, Spain; Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital CIMA-Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Blokland SLM, Hillen MR, Kruize AA, Meller S, Homey B, Smithson GM, Radstake TRDJ, van Roon JAG. Increased CCL25 and T Helper Cells Expressing CCR9 in the Salivary Glands of Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Potential New Axis in Lymphoid Neogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aike A. Kruize
- University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Liang Y, Tsoi LC, Xing X, Beamer MA, Swindell WR, Sarkar MK, Berthier CC, Stuart PE, Harms PW, Nair RP, Elder JT, Voorhees JJ, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. A gene network regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3 as a promoter of sex-biased autoimmune diseases. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:152-160. [PMID: 27992404 PMCID: PMC5289297 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect 7.5% of the US population, and they are among the leading causes of death and disability. A notable feature of many autoimmune diseases is their greater prevalence in females than in males, but the underlying mechanisms of this have remained unclear. Through the use of high-resolution global transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated a female-biased molecular signature associated with susceptibility to autoimmune disease and linked this to extensive sex-dependent co-expression networks. This signature was independent of biological age and sex-hormone regulation and was regulated by the transcription factor VGLL3, which also had a strong female-biased expression. On a genome-wide level, VGLL3-regulated genes had a strong association with multiple autoimmune diseases, including lupus, scleroderma and Sjögren's syndrome, and had a prominent transcriptomic overlap with inflammatory processes in cutaneous lupus. These results identified a VGLL3-regulated network as a previously unknown inflammatory pathway that promotes female-biased autoimmunity. They demonstrate the importance of studying immunological processes in females and males separately and suggest new avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria A Beamer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Blockade of IL-7Rα alleviates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting Th1 cell differentiation and CD4 + T cell migration. Mol Immunol 2016; 79:83-91. [PMID: 27736699 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
T cell response is crucial to the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-7/IL-7R axis has significant effect on CD4+ T cell response, including proliferation, differentiation, survival and migration. However, whether blockade of IL-7/IL-7R axis signaling can relieve RA and what is the potential treatment mechanisms are still remaining unclear. In this paper, we established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and observed the effect of IL-7Rα antibody in the treatment of CIA mice. It is demonstrated that IL-7Rα antibody significantly alleviated clinical symptoms of CIA mice, accompanied with reduced CD4+ T cell number in both spleen and joints. Decreased CII-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in IL-7Rα antibody-treated mice were observed. Subsequently, IL-7Rα antibody treatment in vivo downregulated the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells and the mRNA expression of T-bet and RORγt gene. Moreover, it was found that IL-7 promoted Th1 cell differentiation in vitro, while having no effect on Th17 cell differentiation. In addition, administration of IL-7Rα antibody reduced the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors (CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR6 and XCR1) on CD4+ T cells and chemokine CXCL2 in joints. The results suggested that IL-7Rα antibody treated CIA mice via the inhibition of CII-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, the reduction of Th1 cell differentiation and the restrain of CD4+ T cell migration to joint lesion site. This investigation indicates that IL-7Rα is a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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High salivary soluble L-selectin and interleukin-7 levels in Asian Indian patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:3063-3067. [PMID: 27620619 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we aimed to study salivary soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin), interleukin-7(IjL-7), and lymphotoxin-α levels in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and their clinical as well as serological correlations. pSS patients fulfilling either the American European Consensus Group (AECG) and/or the American college of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were recruited. Age- and sex-matched hospital staff were recruited as healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method; sL-selectin, IL-7, and lymphotoxin-α were measured in the saliva using commercial ELISA kits. Forty-three patients with pSS and 31 healthy controls were included in the study. Increased levels of sL-selectin and IL-7 were found in the saliva of patients as compared to controls. Lymphotoxin-α was undetectable in the saliva of pSS patients and controls. Salivary sL-selectin positively correlated with rheumatoid factor (r = 0.47; p < 0.003). No other variable including ESSDAI was significantly associated with salivary sL-selectin and IL-7 levels. Indian patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome have higher salivary sL-selectin and IL-7 levels than healthy controls.
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Brito-Zerón P, Baldini C, Bootsma H, Bowman SJ, Jonsson R, Mariette X, Sivils K, Theander E, Tzioufas A, Ramos-Casals M. Sjögren syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016; 2:16047. [PMID: 27383445 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands (mainly the salivary and lacrimal glands) and results in the severe dryness of mucosal surfaces, principally in the mouth and eyes. This disease predominantly affects middle-aged women, but can also be observed in children, men and the elderly. The clinical presentation of SjS is heterogeneous and can vary from sicca symptoms to systemic disease (characterized by peri-epithelial lymphocytic infiltration of the affected tissue or the deposition of the immune complex) and lymphoma. The mechanism underlying the development of SjS is the destruction of the epithelium of the exocrine glands, as a consequence of abnormal B cell and T cell responses to the autoantigens Ro/SSA and La/SSB, among others. Diagnostic criteria for SjS include the detection of autoantibodies in patient serum and histological analysis of biopsied salivary gland tissue. Therapeutic approaches for SjS include both topical and systemic treatments to manage the sicca and systemic symptoms of disease. SjS is a serious disease with excess mortality, mainly related to the systemic involvement of disease and the development of lymphomas in some patients. Knowledge of SjS has progressed substantially, but this disease is still characterized by sicca symptoms, the systemic involvement of disease, lymphocytic infiltration to exocrine glands, the presence of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies and the increased risk of lymphoma in patients with SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Brito-Zerón
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital CIMA-Sanitas, Barcelona, Spain.,Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, IDIBAPS-CELLEX, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris Sud, INSERM, Paris, France.,Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Sjögren's syndrome Center of Research Translation, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Rheumatology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Athanasios Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manuel Ramos-Casals
- Sjögren Syndrome Research Group (AGAUR), Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases Josep Font, IDIBAPS-CELLEX, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Autoimmune Diseases, ICMiD, Hospital Clínic, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) can be considered a systemic autoimmune disease with a strong organ bias. The involvement of the exocrine glands is prevalent and drives the pathognomonic manifestations of dryness that define the sicca syndrome. The salivary glands also represent the hub of pSS pathology. Elements belonging to both innate and acquired immune responses have been described at this site that contribute to disease establishment and progression. The interaction between those elements and their relative contributions to the clinical manifestations and lymphoma progression largely remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, ARUK Center for the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - Maarten R Hillen
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, ARUK Center for the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Barone
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, ARUK Center for the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK.
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Park YS, Gauna AE, Cha S. Mouse Models of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2350-64. [PMID: 25777752 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150316120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune cell infiltration and progressive injury to the salivary and lacrimal glands. As a consequence, patients with SjS develop xerostomia (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes). SjS is the third most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, affecting 4 million Americans with over 90% of patients being female. Current diagnostic criteria for SjS frequently utilize histological examinations of minor salivary glands for immune cell foci, serology for autoantibodies, and dry eye evaluation by corneal or conjunctival staining. SjS can be classified as primary or secondary SjS, depending on whether it occurs alone or in association with other systemic rheumatic conditions, respectively. Clinical manifestations typically become apparent when the disease is relatively advanced in SjS patients, which poses a challenge for early diagnosis and treatment of SjS. Therefore, SjS mouse models, because of their close resemblance to the human SjS, have been extremely valuable to identify early disease markers and to investigate underlying biological and immunological dysregulations. However, it is important to bear in mind that no single mouse model has duplicated all aspects of SjS pathogenesis and clinical features, mainly due to the multifactorial etiology of SjS that includes numerous susceptibility genes and environmental factors. As such, various mouse models have been developed in the field to try to recapitulate SjS. In this review, we focus on recent mouse models of primary SjS xerostomia and describe them under three categories of spontaneous, genetically engineered, and experimentally induced models. In addition, we discuss future perspectives highlighting pros and cons of utilizing mouse models and current demands for improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL32610, USA.
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Zhang W, Xu L, Cho SY, Min KJ, Oda T, Zhang L, Yu Q, Jin JO. Ginseng Berry Extract Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute and Chronic Colitis. Nutrients 2016; 8:199. [PMID: 27058552 PMCID: PMC4848668 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the in vivo functions of ginseng berry extract (GB) as a therapy for dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice were given drinking water containing DSS (3%) for eight days to induce acute colitis. At the same time, the mice received an oral dose of GB (50 mg/kg) once daily. The GB-treated mice were less susceptible to the development of acute colitis than were control mice treated with saline, as determined by weight loss, disease activity, and colon histology. The administration of GB to DSS-treated mice also reduced the numbers and inhibited the activation of colon-infiltrating T cells, neutrophils, intestinal CD103(-)CD11c⁺ dendritic cells (cDCs), and macrophages. In addition, GB treatment promoted the migration of CD103⁺CD11c⁺ cDCs and expansion of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells in the colons of DSS-treated mice. Similarly, in the DSS-induced chronic colitis model, GB treatment improved the macroscopic and histological appearance of the colon wall when compared to untreated control mice, as indicated by longer colon length and lower histological scores. This is the first report to show that oral administration of GB suppresses immune activation and protects against experimentally induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Si-Young Cho
- R & D Unit, AmorePacific Corporation, 1920 Yonggudae-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 55001, Japan.
| | - LiJun Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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Zhou J, Jin JO, Du J, Yu Q. Innate Immune Signaling Induces IL-7 Production, Early Inflammatory Responses, and Sjögren's-Like Dacryoadenitis in C57BL/6 Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7831-8. [PMID: 26658504 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Innate immune signaling elicited by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) induces IL-7 production and early inflammatory responses in the salivary gland and accelerates the development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS)-like sialadenitis. Whether poly I:C can induce similar responses in the lacrimal gland (LAC) has not been characterized. In this study, we examined the early responses and pathologic changes of the LAC tissue in response to poly I:C treatment. METHODS Poly I:C or recombinant human IL-7 was injected intraperitoneally into C57BL/6 mice, and the LAC was harvested at different time points. Expression of chemokines and cytokines in the LAC was measured by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. Leukocytic infiltration and caspase-3 activation were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Serum antinuclear antibody levels were also determined. Tear secretion was measured by phenol red cotton threads. RESULTS Administration of poly I:C induced IL-7 gene expression and protein production in the LAC. Poly I:C also induced the expression of CXCR3 ligands, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-23p19, and TNF-α in the LAC in an IL-7-dependent fashion. Similarly to poly I:C, administration of exogenous IL-7 also up-regulated these proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, repeated administration of poly I:C to C57BL/6 mice over an 8-day period caused leukocytic infiltration and caspase-3 activation in the LAC, antinuclear antibody production, and impaired tear secretion. CONCLUSIONS Poly I:C induces IL-7 production, early inflammatory responses, and characteristic pathologies of SS-like dacryoadenitis in non-autoimmune-prone C57BL/6 mice. These findings provide new evidence that viral infection-elicited innate immune signaling may be one of the early triggers of SS-like dacryoadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 2Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States 2Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Zhou J, Jin JO, Patel ES, Yu Q. Interleukin-6 inhibits apoptosis of exocrine gland tissues under inflammatory conditions. Cytokine 2015; 76:244-252. [PMID: 26255211 PMCID: PMC4605873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a multi-functional cytokine that can either promote or suppress tissue inflammation depending on the specific disease context. IL-6 is elevated in the exocrine glands and serum of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), but the specific role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of this disease has not been defined. In this study, we showed that IL-6 expression levels were increased with age in C56BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, a primary SS model, and higher than the control C57BL/6 mice. To assess the role of IL-6 during the immunological phase of SS development, a neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody was administered into 16 week-old female C56BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, 3 times weekly for a consecutive 8 weeks. Neutralization of endogenous IL-6 throughout the immunological phase of SS development led to increased apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, leukocytic infiltration, and IFN-γ- and TNF-α production in the salivary gland. To further determine the effect of IL-6 on the apoptosis of exocrine gland cells, recombinant human IL-6 or the neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody was injected into female C57BL/6 mice that received concurrent injection of anti-CD3 antibody to induce the apoptosis of exocrine gland tissues. Neutralization of IL-6 enhanced, whereas administration of IL-6 inhibited apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in salivary and lacrimal glands in this model. The apoptosis-suppressing effect of IL-6 was associated with up-regulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in both glands. Moreover, IL-6 treatment induced activation of STAT3 and up-regulated Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 gene expression in a human salivary gland epithelial cell line. In conclusion, IL-6 inhibits the apoptosis of exocrine gland tissues and exerts a tissue-protective effect under inflammatory conditions including SS. These findings suggest the possibility of using this property of IL-6 to preserve exocrine gland tissue integrity and function under autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Ekta S Patel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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El Azreq MA, Arseneault C, Boisvert M, Pagé N, Allaeys I, Poubelle PE, Tessier PA, Aoudjit F. Cooperation between IL-7 Receptor and Integrin α2β1 (CD49b) Drives Th17-Mediated Bone Loss. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4198-209. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Maria NI, Vogelsang P, Versnel MA. The clinical relevance of animal models in Sjögren's syndrome: the interferon signature from mouse to man. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:172. [PMID: 26137972 PMCID: PMC4490668 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have been widely used to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases. The advantages of using these models include the ability to study different stages of the disease with particular respect to specific target organs, to focus on the role of specific pathogenic factors and to investigate the effect of possible therapeutic interventions. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterised by lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands. To date, effective therapy is not available and treatment has been mainly symptomatic. Ongoing studies in murine models are aimed at developing more effective and targeted therapies in SS. The heterogeneity of SS will most probably benefit from optimising therapies, tailored to specific subgroups of the disease. In this review, we provide our perspective on the importance of subdividing SS patients according to their interferon signature, and recommend choosing appropriate mouse models for interferon-positive and interferon-negative SS subtypes. Murine models better resembling human-disease phenotypes will be essential in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Interleukin-7 produced by intestinal epithelial cells in response to Citrobacter rodentium infection plays a major role in innate immunity against this pathogen. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3213-23. [PMID: 26034215 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00320-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) engages multiple mechanisms to overcome chronic viral infections, but the role of IL-7 in bacterial infections, especially enteric bacterial infections, remains unclear. Here we characterized the previously unexplored role of IL-7 in the innate immune response to the attaching and effacing bacterium Citrobacter rodentium. C. rodentium infection induced IL-7 production from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IL-7 production from IECs in response to C. rodentium was dependent on gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing NK1.1(+) cells and IL-12. Treatment with anti-IL-7Rα antibody during C. rodentium infection resulted in a higher bacterial burden, enhanced intestinal damage, and greater weight loss and mortality than observed with the control IgG treatment. IEC-produced IL-7 was only essential for protective immunity against C. rodentium during the first 6 days after infection. An impaired bacterial clearance upon IL-7Rα blockade was associated with a significant decrease in macrophage accumulation and activation in the colon. Moreover, C. rodentium-induced expansion and activation of intestinal CD4(+) lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells was completely abrogated by IL-7Rα blockade. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IL-7 is produced by IECs in response to C. rodentium infection and plays a critical role in the protective immunity against this intestinal attaching and effacing bacterium.
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Gustafsson A, Jonasson S, Sandström T, Lorentzen JC, Bucht A. Genetic variation influences immune responses in sensitive rats following exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles. Toxicology 2014; 326:74-85. [PMID: 25456268 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the immunological responses in rats following inhalation to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), in naïve rats and in rats with induced allergic airway disease. The responses of two different inbred rat strains were compared: the Dark Aguoti (DA), susceptible to chronic inflammatory disorders, and the Brown Norwegian (BN), susceptible to atopic allergic inflammation. Naïve rats were exposed to an aerosol of TiO2 NPs once daily for 10 days. Another subset of rats was sensitized to the allergen ovalbumin (OVA) in order to induce airway inflammation. These sensitized rats were exposed to TiO2 NPs before and during the allergen challenge. Naïve rats exposed to TiO2 NPs developed an increase of neutrophils and lymphocytes in both rat strains. Airway hyperreactivity and production of inflammatory mediators typical of a T helper 1 type immune response were significantly increased, only in DA rats. Sensitization of the rats induced a prominent OVA-specific-IgE and IgG response in the BN rat while DA rats only showed an increased IgG response. Sensitized rats of both strains developed airway eosinophilia following allergen challenge, which declined upon exposure to TiO2 NPs. The level of neutrophils and lymphocytes increased upon exposure to TiO2 NPs in the airways of DA rats but remained unchanged in the airways of BN rats. In conclusion, the responses to TiO2 NPs were strain-dependent, indicating that genetics play a role in both immune and airway reactivity. DA rats were found to be higher responder compared to BN rats, both when it comes to responses in naïve and sensitized rats. The impact of genetically determined factors influencing the inflammatory reactions pinpoints the complexity of assessing health risks associated with nanoparticle exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Gustafsson
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Jonasson
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johnny C Lorentzen
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bucht
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Respiratory medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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47
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Sjögren's syndrome: A forty-year scientific journey. J Autoimmun 2014; 51:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Araujo CL, Quintero IB, Kipar A, Herrala AM, Pulkka AE, Saarinen L, Hautaniemi S, Vihko P. Prostatic acid phosphatase is the main acid phosphatase with 5'-ectonucleotidase activity in the male mouse saliva and regulates salivation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C1017-27. [PMID: 24717577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00062.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in addition to the well-known secreted isoform of prostatic acid phosphatase (sPAP), a transmembrane isoform exists (TMPAP) that interacts with snapin (a SNARE-associated protein) and regulates the endo-/exocytic pathways. We have also shown that PAP has 5'-ectonucleotidase and thiamine monophosphatase activity and elicits antinociceptive effects in mouse models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Therefore, to determine the physiological role of PAP in a typical exocrine organ, we studied the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) of PAP(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice by microarray analyses, microRNA sequencing, activity tests, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical and physiological analyses of saliva. We show that PAP is the main acid phosphatase in the wild-type male mouse saliva, accounting for 50% of the total acid phosphatase activity, and that it is expressed only in the granular convoluted tubules of the SMGs, where it is the only 5'-ectonucleotidase. The lack of PAP in male PAP(-/-) mice was associated with a significant increase in the salivation volume under secretagogue stimulation, overexpression of genes related to cell proliferation (Mki67, Aurkb, Birc5) and immune response (Irf7, Cxcl9, Ccl3, Fpr2), and upregulation of miR-146a in SMGs. An increased and sustained acinar cell proliferation was detected without signs of glandular hyperplasia. Our results indicate that in PAP(-/-) mice, SMG homeostasis is maintained by an innate immune response. Additionally, we suggest that in male mice, PAP via its 5'-ectonucleotidase activity and production of adenosine can elicit analgesic effects when animals lick their wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- César L Araujo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ileana B Quintero
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Annakaisa M Herrala
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anitta E Pulkka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilli Saarinen
- Research Programs Unit; Genome-scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit; Genome-scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Vihko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki, Finland; Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science and Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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49
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Hillen MR, Ververs FA, Kruize AA, Van Roon JA. Dendritic cells, T-cells and epithelial cells: a crucial interplay in immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:521-31. [PMID: 24450381 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.878650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine glands. T-cells have been shown to play a central role in tissue destruction and regulation of B-cell activity and the production of autoantibodies typifying pSS. Despite the fact that dendritic cells (DCs) are candidate key players in the activation of T- and B-cells in pSS, their contribution has been under evaluated. This manuscript reviews current insights in DC biology and examines literature on the role of DCs in the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome, focusing on the interplay between dendritic cells, epithelial cells and T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten R Hillen
- UMC Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Innate immune signaling induces interleukin-7 production from salivary gland cells and accelerates the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome in a mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77605. [PMID: 24147035 PMCID: PMC3798297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated IL-7 in the target tissues is closely associated with multiple autoimmune disorders, including Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). We recently found that IL-7 plays an essential role in the development and onset of primary SS (pSS) in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice, a well-defined mouse model of primary SS. However, environmental signals that cause excessive IL-7 production are not well-characterized. Innate immune signaling plays a critical role in shaping the adaptive immune responses including autoimmune responses. We and others have previously shown that innate immune signaling can induce IL-7 expression in lungs and intestines of C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we characterized the effects of poly I:C, a double-stranded RNA analog and toll-like receptor 3 agonist, on the induction of IL-7 expression in salivary glands and on pSS development. We showed that poly I:C administration to C57BL/6 mice rapidly induced IL-7 expression in the salivary glands in a type 1 IFN- and IFN-γ-dependent manner. Moreover, poly I:C-induced IL-7 contributed to the optimal up-regulation of CXCL9 in the salivary glands, which may subsequently promote recruitment of more IFN-γ-producing T cells. Repeated administration of poly I:C to C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice accelerated the development of SS-like exocrinopathy, and this effect was abolished by the blockade of IL-7 receptor signaling with a neutralizing antibody. Finally, poly I:C or a combination of IFN-α and IFN-γ induced IL-7 gene expression and protein production in a human salivary gland epithelial cell line. Hence, we demonstrate that IL-7 expression in the salivary gland cells can be induced by poly I:C and delineate a crucial mechanism by which innate immune signals facilitate the development of pSS, which is through induction of IL-7 in the target tissues.
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