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Sengprasert P, Waitayangkoon P, Kamenkit O, Sawatpanich A, Chaichana T, Wongphoom J, Ngarmukos S, Taweevisit M, Lotinun S, Tumwasorn S, Tanavalee A, Reantragoon R. Catabolic mediators from TLR2-mediated proteoglycan aggrecan peptide-stimulated chondrocytes are reduced by Lactobacillus-conditioned media. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18043. [PMID: 39103466 PMCID: PMC11300663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), extracellular matrix (ECM) digestion by cartilage-degrading enzymes drives cartilage destruction and generates ECM fragments, such as proteoglycan aggrecan (PG) peptides. PG peptides have been shown to induce immunological functions of chondrocytes. However, the role of PG peptides in stimulating catabolic mediators from chondrocytes has not been investigated. Therefore, we aim to determine the effects and its mechanism by which PG peptides induce chondrocytes to produce catabolic mediators in OA. Human chondrocytes were stimulated with IFNγ and various PG peptides either (i) with or (ii) without TLR2 blockade or (iii) with Lactobacillus species-conditioned medium (LCM), a genus of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. Transcriptomic analysis, cartilage-degrading enzyme production and TLR2-intracellular signaling activation were investigated. Chondrocytes treated with PG peptides p16-31 and p263-280 increased expression levels of genes associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage degradation and proteolytic enzyme production. TLR2 downstream signaling proteins (STAT3, IkBα and MAPK9) were significantly phosphorylated in p263-280 peptide-stimulated chondrocytes. MMP-1 and ADAMTS-4 were significantly reduced in p263-280 peptides-treated condition with TLR2 blockade or LCM treatment. Phosphorylation levels of IkBa, ERK1/2 and MAPK9 were significantly decreased with TLR2 blockade, but only phosphorylation levels of MAPK9 was significantly decreased with LCM treatment. Our study showed that PG peptide stimulation via TLR2 induced cartilage-degrading enzyme production via activation of MAPK, NFκB and STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjana Sengprasert
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Palapun Waitayangkoon
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ousakorn Kamenkit
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajcharaporn Sawatpanich
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thiamjit Chaichana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Wongphoom
- Department of Pathology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srihatach Ngarmukos
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biologics for Knee Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mana Taweevisit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somying Tumwasorn
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Tanavalee
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biologics for Knee Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Reantragoon
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Qadri M, Khired Z, Alaqi R, Elsayed S, Alarifi A, Ahmed R, Alhamami H, Khardali A, Hakami W. Zerumbone reduces TLR2 stimulation-induced M1 macrophage polarization pattern via upregulation of Nrf-2 expression in murine macrophages. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101956. [PMID: 38318316 PMCID: PMC10840118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia contributes significantly to gout arthritis pathogenesis, which promotes urate crystal deposition in the joints and activates joint-resident macrophages and circulating monocytes to initiate a state of inflammatory arthritis. In the joint, macrophages have an immune defense role where the presence of urate crystals results in the inflammatory mediators secretion, inflammatory cells recruitment to the joint, and shift macrophage population toward M1 pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Current treatment modalities of gout arthritis have side effects that limit their use in the elderly. A novel treatment that targets macrophage polarization to re-establish homeostasis may initiate a drug discovery program of novel disease-modifying agents for gout. Zerumbone (Zer) is a sesquiterpenoid bioactive compound found in the rhizome of Zingiberaceae family and possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activity. Our study hypothesized that soluble uric acid (sUA) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 agonist) reduce the anti-inflammatory function of murine M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages and change the expression of M2 genetic markers toward M1 phenotypes. We observed that priming of M2 macrophages with sUA and Pam3CSK4 significantly decreased M2 specific markers expression, e.g., Arg-1, Ym-1, and Fizz-1, enhanced mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL2, and iNOS and increased oxidative stress in M2 macrophages, as exhibited by a reduction in Nrf2 expression. We also aimed to study the impact of Zer on reducing the pro-inflammatory effect of sUA in TLR2-stimulated M2 macrophages. We noticed that Zer treatment significantly reduced L-1β and TNF-α production following Pam3CSK4 + sUA treatment on M2 macrophages. Furthermore, Zer reduced the caspase-1 activity without altering cytosolic NLRP3 content in challenged M2 BMDMs. We also observed that Zer significantly enhanced M2-associated marker's expression, e.g., Arg-1, Ym-1, and Fizz-1, and augmented Nrf-2 and other antioxidant proteins, including HMOX1 and srxn1expression following Pam3CSK4 + sUA treatment. We draw the conclusion that Zer is a potentially effective anti-inflammatory treatment for gout arthritis linked to hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Health Science Research Center (HSRC), Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zenat Khired
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alaqi
- Inflammation Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Unit, Health Science Research Center (HSRC), Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandy Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Alarifi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alhamami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Khardali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Hakami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Bay-Jensen AC, Attur M, Samuels J, Thudium CS, Abramson SB, Karsdal MA. Pathological tissue formation and degradation biomarkers correlate with patient reported pain outcomes: an explorative study. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100379. [PMID: 37342785 PMCID: PMC10277584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of disease modifying drugs in Osteoarthritis (OA) may be attributed to the difficulty in robust response based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) linked to drug mechanism of action. Joint tissue turnover biomarkers are associated with disease progression. A subset of patients has elevated serum levels of CRP metabolite (CRPM). This explorative study investigates the associations between PROs and joint tissue turnover markers in patients with high or low CRPM. Methods Serum of 146 knee OA patients of the New York Inflammation cohort and 21 healthy donors were assessed for biomarkers of collagen degradation (C1M, C2M, C3M, C4M), formation (PRO-C1, PRO-C2, PRO-C3, PRO-C4), and CRPM. Mean (SD) age was 62.5 (10.1); BMI, 26.6 (3.6); 62% women; and, 67.6% had symptomatic OA. WOMAC pain, stiffness, function, and total were recorded at baseline and at two-year follow-up. Associations were adjusted for race, sex, age, BMI, and NSAID. Results There was no difference in markers between donors and patients. C2M correlated with the WOMAC scores in all CRPM groups. Significant correlations were observed between PROs and PRO-C4, C1M, and C3M in the CRPMhigh group. The best predictive models for improvement were found for function and total with AUCs of 0.74 (p < 0.01) and 0.78 (p < 0.01). The best predictive models for worsening were found for function and total with AUCs of 0.84 (p < 0.01) and 0.80 (p < 0.05). Conclusion We hypothesize that collagen markers are prognostic tools for segregating patient populations in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY-10003, USA
| | - Jonathan Samuels
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY-10003, USA
| | | | - Steven B. Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY-10003, USA
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Shen P, Serve S, Wu P, Liu X, Dai Y, Durán-Hernández N, Nguyen DTM, Fuchs M, Maleitzke T, Reisener MJ, Dzamukova M, Nussbaumer K, Brunner TM, Li Y, Holecska V, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Durek P, Katsoula G, Gwinner C, Jung T, Zeggini E, Winkler T, Mashreghi MF, Pumberger M, Perka C, Löhning M. NOS inhibition reverses TLR2-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and attenuates age-related osteoarthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2207993120. [PMID: 37428931 PMCID: PMC10629581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207993120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease featuring cartilage breakdown and chronic pain. Although age and joint trauma are prominently associated with OA occurrence, the trigger and signaling pathways propagating their pathogenic aspects are ill defined. Following long-term catabolic activity and traumatic cartilage breakdown, debris accumulates and can trigger Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here we show that TLR2 stimulation suppressed the expression of matrix proteins and induced an inflammatory phenotype in human chondrocytes. Further, TLR2 stimulation impaired chondrocyte mitochondrial function, resulting in severely reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that TLR2 stimulation upregulated nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression and downregulated mitochondria function-associated genes. NOS inhibition partially restored the expression of these genes, and rescued mitochondrial function and ATP production. Correspondingly, Nos2-/- mice were protected from age-related OA development. Taken together, the TLR2-NOS axis promotes human chondrocyte dysfunction and murine OA development, and targeted interventions may provide therapeutic and preventive approaches in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shen
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003Xinxiang, China
| | - Sebastian Serve
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Peihua Wu
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Yujie Dai
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Nayar Durán-Hernández
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Thi Mai Nguyen
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Tazio Maleitzke
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, 10178Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Jacqueline Reisener
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Dzamukova
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Nussbaumer
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Brunner
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Yonghai Li
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003Xinxiang, China
| | - Vivien Holecska
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta A. Heinz
- Systems Rheumatology and Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Systems Rheumatology and Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Systems Rheumatology and Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Katsoula
- Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, 81675Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Gwinner
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité ‒ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Systems Rheumatology and Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, 10117Berlin, Germany
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117Berlin, Germany
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Rapp AE, Zaucke F. Cartilage extracellular matrix-derived matrikines in osteoarthritis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C377-C394. [PMID: 36571440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most frequent diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of OA. During the degradation process, intact/full-length proteins and proteolytic fragments are released which then might induce different downstream responses via diverse receptors, therefore leading to different biological consequences. Collagen type II and the proteoglycan aggrecan are the most abundant components of the cartilage ECM. However, over the last decades, a large number of minor components have been identified and for some of those, a role in the manifold processes associated with OA has already been demonstrated. To date, there is still no therapy able to halt or cure OA. A better understanding of the matrikine landscape occurring with or even preceding obvious degenerative changes in joint tissues is needed and might help to identify molecules that could serve as biomarkers, druggable targets, or even be blueprints for disease modifying drug OA drugs. For this narrative review, we screened PubMed for relevant literature in the English language and summarized the current knowledge regarding the function of selected ECM molecules and the derived matrikines in the context of cartilage and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Rapp
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Dupuis LE, Evins SE, Abell MC, Blakley ME, Horkey SL, Barth JL, Kern CB. Increased Proteoglycanases in Pulmonary Valves after Birth Correlate with Extracellular Matrix Maturation and Valve Sculpting. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 36661922 PMCID: PMC9865826 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mechanical forces on developing cardiac valves drive formation of the highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) providing tissue integrity and promoting cell behavior and signaling. However, the ability to investigate the response of cardiac valve cells to increased mechanical forces is challenging and remains poorly understood. The developmental window from birth (P0) to postnatal day 7 (P7) when biomechanical forces on the pulmonary valve (PV) are altered due to the initiation of blood flow to the lungs was evaluated in this study. Grossly enlarged PV, in mice deficient in the proteoglycan protease ADAMTS5, exhibited a transient phenotypic rescue from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P7; the Adamts5-/- aortic valves (AV) did not exhibit a phenotypic correction. We hypothesized that blood flow, initiated to the lungs at birth, alters mechanical load on the PV and promotes ECM maturation. In the Adamts5-/- PV, there was an increase in localization of the proteoglycan proteases ADAMTS1, MMP2, and MMP9 that correlated with reduced Versican (VCAN). At birth, Decorin (DCN), a Collagen I binding, small leucine-rich proteoglycan, exhibited complementary stratified localization to VCAN in the wild type at P0 but colocalized with VCAN in Adamts5-/- PV; concomitant with the phenotypic rescue at P7, the PVs in Adamts5-/- mice exhibited stratification of VCAN and DCN similar to wild type. This study indicates that increased mechanical forces on the PV at birth may activate ECM proteases to organize specialized ECM layers during cardiac valve maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christine B. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Xu X, Li N, Wu Y, Yan K, Mi Y, Yi N, Tan X, Kuang G, Lu M. Zhuifeng tougu capsules inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviate knee osteoarthritis: In vitro and in vivo experiments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:951860. [PMID: 36188596 PMCID: PMC9521277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.951860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a chronic degenerative disease, is mainly characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and inflammatory reactions. At present, there is a lack of economical and effective clinical treatment. Zhuifeng Tougu (ZFTG) capsules have been clinically approved for treatment of OA as they relieve joint pain and inflammatory manifestations. However, the mechanism of ZFTG in KOA remains unknown.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ZFTG on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and its therapeutic effect on rabbits with KOA.Study design:In vivo, we established a rabbit KOA model using the modified Videman method. In vitro, we treated chondrocytes with IL-1β to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype and then intervened with different concentrations of ZFTG. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were assessed with histological observations and ELISA data. The effect of ZFTG on the viability of chondrocytes was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were detected using Western blot and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence observation of NF-κB p65 protein expression, respectively, to investigate the mechanism of ZFTG in inhibiting inflammatory injury of rabbit articular chondrocytes and alleviating cartilage degeneration.Results: The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rabbits with KOA was inhibited, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in blood and cell were significantly downregulated, consistent with histological results. Both the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and NF-κB p65 proteins in that nucleus decreased in the ZFTG groups. Moreover, ZFTG promotes the survival of chondrocytes and inhibits the apoptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes.Conclusion: ZFTG alleviates the degeneration of rabbit knee joint cartilage, inhibits the apoptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes, and promotes the survival of chondrocytes. The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway and secretion of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Naping Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongrong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Mi
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanxing Yi
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyi Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoyan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Hinye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoyan Kuang, ; Min Lu,
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoyan Kuang, ; Min Lu,
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Mead TJ, Bhutada S, Martin DR, Apte SS. Proteolysis: a key post-translational modification regulating proteoglycans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C651-C665. [PMID: 35785985 PMCID: PMC9448339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00215.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are composite molecules comprising a protein backbone, i.e., the core protein, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan chains of distinct chemical types. Most proteoglycans are secreted or attached to the cell membrane. Their specialized structures, binding properties, and biophysical attributes underlie diverse biological roles, which include modulation of tissue mechanics, cell adhesion, and the sequestration and regulated release of morphogens, growth factors, and cytokines. As an irreversible post-translational modification, proteolysis has a profound impact on proteoglycan function, abundance, and localization. Proteolysis is required for molecular maturation of some proteoglycans, clearance of extracellular matrix proteoglycans during tissue remodeling, generation of bioactive fragments from proteoglycans, and ectodomain shedding of cell-surface proteoglycans. Genetic evidence shows that proteoglycan core protein proteolysis is essential for diverse morphogenetic events during embryonic development. In contrast, dysregulated proteoglycan proteolysis contributes to osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. Proteolytic fragments of perlecan, versican, aggrecan, brevican, collagen XVIII, and other proteoglycans are associated with independent biological activities as so-called matrikines. Yet, proteoglycan proteolysis has been investigated to only a limited extent to date. Here, we review the actions of proteases on proteoglycans and illustrate their functional impact with several examples. We discuss the applications and limitations of strategies used to define cleavage sites in proteoglycans and explain how proteoglycanome-wide proteolytic mapping, which is desirable to fully understand the impact of proteolysis on proteoglycans, can be facilitated by integrating classical proteoglycan isolation methods with mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
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9
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Evers BJ, Van Den Bosch MHJ, Blom AB, van der Kraan PM, Koëter S, Thurlings RM. Post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis; the role of inflammation and hemarthrosis on disease progression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:973870. [PMID: 36072956 PMCID: PMC9441748 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.973870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and meniscal injury are common and are most frequently sustained by young and active individuals. Knee injuries will lead to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in 25–50% of patients. Mechanical processes where historically believed to cause cartilage breakdown in PTOA patients. But there is increasing evidence suggesting a key role for inflammation in PTOA development. Inflammation in PTOA might be aggravated by hemarthrosis which frequently occurs in injured knees. Whereas mechanical symptoms (joint instability and locking of the knee) can be successfully treated by surgery, there still is an unmet need for anti-inflammatory therapies that prevent PTOA progression. In order to develop anti-inflammatory therapies for PTOA, more knowledge about the exact pathophysiological mechanisms and exact course of post-traumatic inflammation is needed to determine possible targets and timing of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob J. Evers
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bob J. Evers
| | - Martijn H. J. Van Den Bosch
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arjen B. Blom
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier M. Thurlings
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Wilkinson DJ. The serine proteinase HtrA1 is ubiquitous and abundant in osteoarthritic joints, but what is it doing? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1015-1018. [PMID: 35381345 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 W Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
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11
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Garantziotis S, Savani RC. Proteoglycans in Toll-like receptor responses and innate immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C202-C214. [PMID: 35675639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and dynamic feature of tissues that not only provides gross structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. The ever-changing microenvironment responds dynamically to cellular and external signals, and in turn influences cell fate, tissue development, and response to environmental injury or microbial invasion. It is therefore paramount to understand how the ECM components interact with each other, the environment and cells, and how they mediate their effects. Among the ECM components that have recently garnered increased attention, proteoglycans (PGs) deserve special note. Recent evidence strongly suggests that they play a crucial role both in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, proteoglycans dictate whether homeostasis or cell death will result from a given injury, by triggering and modulating activation of the innate immune system, via a conserved array of receptors that recognize exogenous (infectious) or endogenous (tissue damage) molecular patterns. Innate immune activation by proteoglycans has important implications for the understanding of cell-matrix interactions in health and disease. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of innate immune signaling by proteoglycans, discuss the implications, and explore future directions to define progress in this area of extracellular matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Center for Pulmonary & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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12
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Wagner N, Rapp AE, Braun S, Ehnert M, Imhof T, Koch M, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Zaucke F, Meurer A. Generation of Matrix Degradation Products Using an In Vitro MMP Cleavage Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116245. [PMID: 35682922 PMCID: PMC9181598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and pathologies by remodeling the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated the biological activities of MMP-derived cleavage products. Furthermore, specific fragments can serve as biomarkers. Therefore, an in vitro cleavage assay to identify substrates and characterize cleavage patterns could provide important insight in disease-relevant mechanisms and the identification of novel biomarkers. In the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), MMP-2, -8, -9 and -13 are of vital importance. However, it is unclear which protease can cleave which matrix component. To address this question, we established an in vitro cleavage assay using recombinantly expressed MMPs and the two cartilage matrix components, COMP and thrombospondin-4. We found a time- and concentration-dependent degradation and an MMP-specific cleavage pattern for both proteins. Cleavage products can now be enriched and purified to investigate their biological activity. To verify the in vivo relevance, we compared the in vitro cleavage patterns with serum and synovial fluid from OA patients and could indeed detect fragments of similar size in the human samples. The cleavage assay can be adapted to other MMPs and substrates, making it a valuable tool for many research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wagner
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.W.); (A.E.R.); (Z.J.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna E. Rapp
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.W.); (A.E.R.); (Z.J.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Sebastian Braun
- Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Markus Ehnert
- Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (T.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (T.I.); (M.K.)
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.W.); (A.E.R.); (Z.J.-L.); (A.M.)
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.W.); (A.E.R.); (Z.J.-L.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.W.); (A.E.R.); (Z.J.-L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (S.B.); (M.E.)
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13
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Terkawi MA, Ebata T, Yokota S, Takahashi D, Endo T, Matsumae G, Shimizu T, Kadoya K, Iwasaki N. Low-Grade Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies for Future Therapeutic Intervention. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051109. [PMID: 35625846 PMCID: PMC9139060 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and stiffness, with chronic pain in the affected joint. It has been proposed that OA progression is associated with the development of low-grade inflammation (LGI) in the joint. In support of this principle, LGI is now recognized as the major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity, aging, and metabolic syndromes, which have been documented as among the most significant risk factors for developing OA. These discoveries have led to a new definition of the disease, and OA has recently been recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease of the joint. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmin molecules, the major cellular components that facilitate the interplay between cells in the cartilage and synovium, activate various molecular pathways involved in the initiation and maintenance of LGI in the joint, which, in turn, drives OA progression. A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms initiated by LGI in the joint represents a decisive step toward discovering therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA. Recent findings and discoveries regarding the involvement of LGI mediated by DAMPs in OA pathogenesis are discussed. Modulating communication between cells in the joint to decrease inflammation represents an attractive approach for the treatment of OA.
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14
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von Mentzer U, Corciulo C, Stubelius A. Biomaterial Integration in the Joint: Pathological Considerations, Immunomodulation, and the Extracellular Matrix. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200037. [PMID: 35420256 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Defects of articular joints are becoming an increasing societal burden due to a persistent increase in obesity and aging. For some patients suffering from cartilage erosion, joint replacement is the final option to regain proper motion and limit pain. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify novel strategies enabling earlier intervention to promote regeneration and cartilage healing. With the introduction of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), researchers have tapped into the potential for increased tissue regeneration by designing biomaterials with inherent biochemical and immunomodulatory signals. Compared to conventional and synthetic materials, dECM-based materials invoke a reduced foreign body response. It is therefore highly beneficial to understand the interplay of how these native tissue-based materials initiate a favorable remodeling process by the immune system. Yet, such an understanding also demands increasing considerations of the pathological environment and remodeling processes, especially for materials designed for early disease intervention. This knowledge would avoid rejection and help predict complications in conditions with inflammatory components such as arthritides. This review outlines general issues facing biomaterial integration and emphasizes the importance of tissue-derived macromolecular components in regulating essential homeostatic, immunological, and pathological processes to increase biomaterial integration for patients suffering from joint degenerative diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ula von Mentzer
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Carmen Corciulo
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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15
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The essential anti-angiogenic strategies in cartilage engineering and osteoarthritic cartilage repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:71. [PMID: 35029764 PMCID: PMC9805356 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the cartilage matrix, complex interactions occur between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic components, growth factors, and environmental stressors to maintain a proper cartilage phenotype that allows for effective load bearing and force distribution. However, as seen in both degenerative disease and tissue engineering, cartilage can lose its vascular resistance. This vascularization then leads to matrix breakdown, chondrocyte apoptosis, and ossification. Research has shown that articular cartilage inflammation leads to compromised joint function and decreased clinical potential for regeneration. Unfortunately, few articles comprehensively summarize what we have learned from previous investigations. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the factors that stabilize chondrocytes to prevent terminal differentiation and applications of these factors to rescue the cartilage phenotype during cartilage engineering and osteoarthritis treatment. Inhibiting vascularization will allow for enhanced phenotypic stability so that we are able to develop more stable implants for cartilage repair and regeneration.
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16
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Philpott HT, Carter MM, Birmingham TB, Pinto R, Primeau CA, Giffin JR, Lanting BA, Appleton CT. Synovial tissue perivascular edema is associated with altered gait patterns in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:42-51. [PMID: 34774789 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore mechanisms of mechanoinflammation, we investigated the association between the presence of knee synovial perivascular edema and gait biomechanics that serve as surrogate measures of knee load in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Patients with symptomatic, radiographic knee OA and neutral to varus alignment undergoing total knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy participated in this cross-sectional analysis. All participants underwent 3D gait analysis prior to surgery. Synovial biopsies were obtained during surgery for histopathological assessment. The association between the presence of synovial perivascular edema (predictor) and the external knee moment (outcome) in each orthogonal plane was analyzed using multivariate linear regression and polynomial mixed effects regression models, while adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and gait speed. RESULTS Ninety-two patients with complete gait and histopathological data were included. When fitted over 100% of stance, regression models indicated substantial differences between patients with and without synovial perivascular edema for knee moments in frontal, sagittal and transverse planes. The knee adduction moment was higher in patients with edema from 16 to 74% of stance, with the largest difference at 33% of stance (β = 6.87 Nm [95%CI 3.02, 10.72]); whereas the knee flexion-extension moment differed from 15 to 92% of stance, with the largest difference in extension at 60% of stance (β = -10.80 Nm [95%CI -16.20, -5.40]). CONCLUSIONS In patients with knee OA, the presence of synovial perivascular edema identified by histopathology is associated with aberrant patterns of knee loading throughout stance, supporting the link between biomechanics and synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Philpott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G 1H1, ON, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada.
| | - M M Carter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, ON, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada.
| | - T B Birmingham
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G 1H1, ON, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada.
| | - R Pinto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G 1H1, ON, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada.
| | - C A Primeau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, N6G 1H1, ON, Canada; Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada.
| | - J R Giffin
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, ON, Canada.
| | - B A Lanting
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, ON, Canada.
| | - C T Appleton
- Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre-University Hospital, London, N6A 5B5, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, ON, Canada.
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17
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Mechanical Cues: Bidirectional Reciprocity in the Extracellular Matrix Drives Mechano-Signalling in Articular Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413595. [PMID: 34948394 PMCID: PMC8707858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and organisation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the pericellular matrix (PCM), in articular cartilage is critical to its biomechanical functionality; the presence of proteoglycans such as aggrecan, entrapped within a type II collagen fibrillar network, confers mechanical resilience underweight-bearing. Furthermore, components of the PCM including type VI collagen, perlecan, small leucine-rich proteoglycans—decorin and biglycan—and fibronectin facilitate the transduction of both biomechanical and biochemical signals to the residing chondrocytes, thereby regulating the process of mechanotransduction in cartilage. In this review, we summarise the literature reporting on the bidirectional reciprocity of the ECM in chondrocyte mechano-signalling and articular cartilage homeostasis. Specifically, we discuss studies that have characterised the response of articular cartilage to mechanical perturbations in the local tissue environment and how the magnitude or type of loading applied elicits cellular behaviours to effect change. In vivo, including transgenic approaches, and in vitro studies have illustrated how physiological loading maintains a homeostatic balance of anabolic and catabolic activities, involving the direct engagement of many PCM molecules in orchestrating this slow but consistent turnover of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, we document studies characterising how abnormal, non-physiological loading including excessive loading or joint trauma negatively impacts matrix molecule biosynthesis and/or organisation, affecting PCM mechanical properties and reducing the tissue’s ability to withstand load. We present compelling evidence showing that reciprocal engagement of the cells with this altered ECM environment can thus impact tissue homeostasis and, if sustained, can result in cartilage degradation and onset of osteoarthritis pathology. Enhanced dysregulation of PCM/ECM turnover is partially driven by mechanically mediated proteolytic degradation of cartilage ECM components. This generates bioactive breakdown fragments such as fibronectin, biglycan and lumican fragments, which can subsequently activate or inhibit additional signalling pathways including those involved in inflammation. Finally, we discuss how bidirectionality within the ECM is critically important in enabling the chondrocytes to synthesise and release PCM/ECM molecules, growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, under a specified load, to influence PCM/ECM composition and mechanical properties in cartilage health and disease.
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18
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Andrés Sastre E, Zaucke F, Witte-Bouma J, van Osch GJ, Farrell E. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein-Derived Peptides Secreted by Cartilage Do Not Induce Responses Commonly Observed during Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1229S-1236S. [PMID: 32993314 PMCID: PMC8721606 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520961170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if 3 peptides derived from the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which wounded zones of cartilage secrete into synovial fluid, possess biological activity and might therefore be involved in the regulation of specific aspects of joint regeneration. METHODS The 3 peptides were produced by chemical synthesis and then tested in vitro for known functions of the COMP C-terminal domain from which they derive, and which are involved in osteoarthritis: transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, vascular homeostasis, and inflammation. Results. None of the peptides affected the gene expression of COMP in osteochondral progenitor cells (P > 0.05). We observed no effects on the vascularization potential of endothelial cells (P > 0.05). In cultured synovium explants, no differences on the expression of catabolic enzymes or proinflammatory cytokines were found when peptides were added (P > 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The 3 peptides tested do not regulate TGF-β signaling, angiogenesis and vascular tube formation, or synovial inflammation in vitro and therefore most likely do not play a major role in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Andrés Sastre
- Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf Schwiete Research Unit
for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim,
Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J.V.M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the
Netherlands
- Eric Farrell, Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center
Rotterdam, nl Ee1618b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, 3000 CA, the
Netherlands.
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19
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Grässel S, Zaucke F, Madry H. Osteoarthritis: Novel Molecular Mechanisms Increase Our Understanding of the Disease Pathology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091938. [PMID: 33946429 PMCID: PMC8125020 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal condition that causes significant health and social problems worldwide, its exact etiology is still unclear. With an aging and increasingly obese population, OA is becoming even more prevalent than in previous decades. Up to 35% of the world’s population over 60 years of age suffers from symptomatic (painful, disabling) OA. The disease poses a tremendous economic burden on the health-care system and society for diagnosis, treatment, sick leave, rehabilitation, and early retirement. Most patients also experience sleep disturbances, reduced capability for exercising, lifting, and walking and are less capable of working, and maintaining an independent lifestyle. For patients, the major problem is disability, resulting from joint tissue destruction and pain. So far, there is no therapy available that effectively arrests structural deterioration of cartilage and bone or is able to successfully reverse any of the existing structural defects. Here, we elucidate novel concepts and hypotheses regarding disease progression and pathology, which are relevant for understanding underlying the molecular mechanisms as a prerequisite for future therapeutic approaches. Emphasis is placed on topographical modeling of the disease, the role of proteases and cytokines in OA, and the impact of the peripheral nervous system and its neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Bio Park 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
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20
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Martinez-Armenta C, Camacho-Rea MC, Martínez-Nava GA, Espinosa-Velázquez R, Pineda C, Gomez-Quiroz LE, López-Reyes A. Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Honey for Treating Osteoarthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642836. [PMID: 33967778 PMCID: PMC8097136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of joint tissue homeostasis induces articular degenerative changes and musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis. This pathology represents the first cause of motor disability in individuals over 60 years of age, impacting their quality of life and the costs of health systems. Nowadays, pharmacological treatments for cartilage disease have failed to achieve full tissue regeneration, resulting in a functional loss of the joint; therefore, joint arthroplasty is the gold standard procedure to cure this pathology in severe cases of Osteoarthritis. A different treatment is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs which mitigate pain and inflammation in some degree, but without significant inhibition of disease progression. In this sense, new therapeutic alternatives based on natural compounds have been proposed to delay osteoarthritis progression, particularly those agents that regulate articular homeostasis. Preclinical studies have shown a therapeutic application of honey and its bioactive compounds, ranging from treating wounds, coughs, skin infections, and are also used as a biological stimulant by exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this article, we reviewed the current medicinal applications of honey with particular emphasis on its use regulating articular homeostasis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Dirección de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Pineda
- División de Enfermedades Musculo-esqueléticas y Reumáticas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Área de Medicina Experimental y Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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21
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ADAMTS5 is required for normal trabeculated bone development in the mandibular condyle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:547-557. [PMID: 33561540 PMCID: PMC8759092 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the role of the extracellular matrix protease ADAMTS5 in development of the trabeculated bone of the mandibular condyle. METHODS The mandibular condyles of wild type and mice deficient in the protease ADAMTS5 were examined for histopathology with Safranin O staining. Microcomputed tomography was performed to analyze the developing bone of the mandibular condyle. RNAscope and immunohistochemistry were utilized to investigate cell type and extracellular matrix expression. RESULTS Mice deficient in Adamts5, (Adamts5tm1Dgen/J) exhibit an increase in trabecular separation (n = 37 wild type; n = 27: P < 0.0001) and reduction of trabecular thickness P = 0.0116 and bone volume fraction P = 0.0869 in the mandibular condylar head compared to wild type littermates. The altered bone parameters were more pronounced in male Adamts5-/- mice compared to female Adamts5-/- mice (TbSp; P = 0.03). Adamts5 was co-expressed with versican and Gli1 in mesenchymal, stem-like cells in the transition zone where the trabeculated bone is adjacent to mature hypertrophic chondrocytes. Loss of Adamts5 caused a reduction of Bglap expressing osteoblasts throughout mandibular condylar development and in young adult mice. The protease Mmp13, that is involved in mineralization and is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, was reduced in the mandibular condyle of Adamts5 deficient mice. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a novel and critical role for Adamts5 in bone formation within the mandibular condyle of the temporomandibular joint. These data indicate Adamts5 may be required in the transdifferentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes to osteoblasts during trabecular bone formation in development of the mandibular condyle.
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22
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Khella CM, Asgarian R, Horvath JM, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Human Knee Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA): Timeline of Clinical Presentation and Disease Markers, Comparison of Knee Joint PTOA Models and Early Disease Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1996. [PMID: 33671471 PMCID: PMC7922905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causality of the post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) disease process of the knee joint is important for diagnosing early disease and developing new and effective preventions or treatments. The aim of this review was to provide detailed clinical data on inflammatory and other biomarkers obtained from patients after acute knee trauma in order to (i) present a timeline of events that occur in the acute, subacute, and chronic post-traumatic phases and in PTOA, and (ii) to identify key factors present in the synovial fluid, serum/plasma and urine, leading to PTOA of the knee in 23-50% of individuals who had acute knee trauma. In this context, we additionally discuss methods of simulating knee trauma and inflammation in in vivo, ex vivo articular cartilage explant and in vitro chondrocyte models, and answer whether these models are representative of the clinical inflammatory stages following knee trauma. Moreover, we compare the pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations used in such models and demonstrate that, compared to concentrations in the synovial fluid after knee trauma, they are exceedingly high. We then used the Bradford Hill Framework to present evidence that TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines are causal factors, while IL-1β and IL-17 are credible factors in inducing knee PTOA disease progresssion. Lastly, we discuss beneficial infrastructure for future studies to dissect the role of local vs. systemic inflammation in PTOA progression with an emphasis on early disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (C.M.K.); (R.A.); (J.M.H.); (B.R.)
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23
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Lambert C, Zappia J, Sanchez C, Florin A, Dubuc JE, Henrotin Y. The Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) as Potential Targets to Treat Osteoarthritis: Perspectives From a Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:607186. [PMID: 33537330 PMCID: PMC7847938 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.607186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the osteoarthritis (OA) process, activation of immune systems, whether innate or adaptive, is strongly associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. This process is initiated and driven in the synovial membrane, especially by synovium cells, themselves previously activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during cartilage degradation. These fragments exert their biological activities through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that, as a consequence, induce the activation of signaling pathways and beyond the release of inflammatory mediators, the latter contributing to the vicious cycle between cartilage and synovial membrane. The primary endpoint of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of these many molecules categorized as DAMPs and the contribution of the latter to the pathophysiology of OA. We will also discuss the different strategies to control their effects. We are convinced that a better understanding of DAMPs, their receptors, and associated pathological mechanisms represents a decisive issue for degenerative joint diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Florin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Emile Dubuc
- Orthopaedic Department, University Clinics St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family comprises 19 proteases that regulate the structure and function of extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix and blood. The best characterized cardiovascular role is that of ADAMTS-13 in blood. Moderately low ADAMTS-13 levels increase the risk of ischeamic stroke and very low levels (less than 10%) can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recombinant ADAMTS-13 is currently in clinical trials for treatment of TTP. Recently, new cardiovascular roles for ADAMTS proteases have been discovered. Several ADAMTS family members are important in the development of blood vessels and the heart, especially the valves. A number of studies have also investigated the potential role of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 in cardiovascular disease. They cleave proteoglycans such as versican, which represent major structural components of the arteries. ADAMTS-7 and -8 are attracting considerable interest owing to their implication in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively. Mutations in the ADAMTS19 gene cause progressive heart valve disease and missense variants in ADAMTS6 are associated with cardiac conduction. In this review, we discuss in detail the evidence for these and other cardiovascular roles of ADAMTS family members, their proteolytic substrates and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santamaria
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rens de Groot
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 51 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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25
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Kumar A, Palit P, Thomas S, Gupta G, Ghosh P, Goswami RP, Kumar Maity T, Dutta Choudhury M. Osteoarthritis: Prognosis and emerging therapeutic approach for disease management. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:49-58. [PMID: 32931079 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a disorder of joints, is prevalent in older age. The contemporary cure for OA is aimed to confer symptomatic relief, consisting of temporary pain and swelling relief. In this paper, we discuss various modalities responsible for the onset of OA and associated with its severity. Inhibition of chondrocytes receptors such as DDR2, SDF-1, Asporin, and CXCR4 by specific pharmacological inhibitors attenuates OA, a critical step for finding potential disease modifying drugs. We critically analyzed recent OA studies with an emphasis on intermediate target molecules for OA intervention. We also explored some novel and safe treatments for OA by considering disease prognosis crosstalk with cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Area of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, NIIT University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, India
| | - Parasar Ghosh
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education &Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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26
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Abstract
Aggrecan is a large proteoglycan that forms giant hydrated aggregates with hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The extraordinary resistance of these aggregates to compression explains their abundance in articular cartilage of joints where they ensure adequate load-bearing. In the brain, they provide mechanical buffering and contribute to formation of perineuronal nets, which regulate synaptic plasticity. Aggrecan is also present in cardiac jelly, developing heart valves, and blood vessels during cardiovascular development. Whereas aggrecan is essential for skeletal development, its function in the developing cardiovascular system remains to be fully elucidated. An excess of aggrecan was demonstrated in cardiovascular tissues in aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, vascular re-stenosis after injury, and varicose veins. It is a product of vascular smooth muscle and is likely to be an important component of pericellular matrix, where its levels are regulated by proteases. Aggrecan can contribute to specific biophysical and regulatory properties of cardiovascular ECM via the diverse interactions of its domains, and its accumulation is likely to have a significant role in developmental and disease pathways. Here, the established biological functions of aggrecan, its cardiovascular associations, and potential roles in cardiovascular development and disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Koch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
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27
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Bisson DG, Sheng K, Kocabas S, Krock E, Teles A, Saran N, Ouellet JA, Haglund L. Toll-like receptor involvement in adolescent scoliotic facet joint degeneration. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11355-11365. [PMID: 32853438 PMCID: PMC7576299 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Facet joint osteoarthritis is prevalent in young patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and might contribute to back pain. Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been linked to cartilaginous tissue degeneration but their involvement in facet joint osteoarthritis in AIS patients is still unknown. We compared baseline gene expression levels of TLRs -1, -2, -4, and -6 in scoliotic and non-scoliotic chondrocytes and found higher expression levels in scoliotic chondrocytes with significantly higher TLR2 levels. Furthermore, TLR expression correlated strongly and significantly with inflammatory and catabolic markers in scoliotic but not in non-scoliotic chondrocytes. TLR activation with a synthetic TLR2/6 agonist resulted in a robust induction and release of pro-inflammatory and catabolic factors which exacerbated proteoglycan loss in scoliotic but not in non-scoliotic cartilage. We also detected a higher abundance of alarmins including S100A8/9 and biglycan in scoliotic cartilage. Finally, the small-molecule antagonists Sparstolonin B and o-Vanillin reduced catabolism following induction with naturally occurring alarmins and the synthetic TLR2/6 agonist. The high baseline expression, robust responsiveness and strong and significant correlation with proteases and pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest that TLRs are key regulators of facet joint degeneration in AIS. Blocking their activity could therefore potentially modify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bisson
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kai Sheng
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Semsi Kocabas
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emerson Krock
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alisson Teles
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neil Saran
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean A Ouellet
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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28
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Blom AB, van den Bosch MH, Blaney Davidson EN, Roth J, Vogl T, van de Loo FA, Koenders M, van der Kraan PM, Geven EJ, van Lent PL. The alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 mediate acute pain in experimental synovitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:199. [PMID: 32854769 PMCID: PMC7457270 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synovitis-associated pain is mediated by inflammatory factors that may include S100A8/9, which is able to stimulate nociceptive neurons via Toll-like receptor 4. In this study, we investigated the role of S100A9 in pain response during acute synovitis. Methods Acute synovitis was induced by streptococcal cell wall (SCW) injection in the knee joint of C57Bl/6 (WT) and S100A9−/− mice. The expression of S100A8/A9 was determined in serum and synovium by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Inflammation was investigated by 99mTc accumulation, synovial cytokine release, and histology at days 1, 2, and 7. To assess pain, weight distribution, gait analysis, and mechanical allodynia were monitored. Activation markers in afferent neurons were determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Differences between groups were tested using a one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in histology were tested with a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. p values lower than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Intra-articular SCW injection resulted in increased synovial expression and serum levels of S100A8/A9 at day 1. These increased levels, however, did not contribute to the development of inflammation, since this was equal in S100A9−/− mice. WT mice showed a significantly decreased percentage of weight bearing on the SCW hind paw on day 1, while S100A9−/− mice showed no reduction. Gait analysis showed increased “limping” behavior in WT, but not S100A9−/− mice. Mechanical allodynia was observed but not different between WT and S100A9−/− when measuring paw withdrawal threshold. The gene expression of neuron activation markers NAV1.7, ATF3, and GAP43 in DRG was significantly increased in arthritic WT mice at day 1 but not in S100A9−/− mice. Conclusions S100A8/9, released from the synovium upon inflammation, is an important mediator of pain response in the knee during the acute phase of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn H van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda N Blaney Davidson
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J Geven
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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29
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Warner SC, Nair A, Marpadga R, Chubinskaya S, Doherty M, Valdes AM, Scanzello CR. IL-15 and IL15RA in Osteoarthritis: Association With Symptoms and Protease Production, but Not Structural Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1385. [PMID: 32793194 PMCID: PMC7390829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increased in joint fluids of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and has been associated with expression of proteases that can damage cartilage, and the development of neuropathic pain-like symptoms (NP) after nerve injury. The objective of this study was to further explore the role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of OA cartilage degeneration and test genetic variation in the IL-15 receptor α gene (IL15RA) for an association with OA with radiographic severity and symptoms. Methods: Cartilage samples from donors (n = 10) were analyzed for expression of the IL15 receptor α-chain using immunohistochemistry, and for responses to IL-15 in vitro using explant cultures. Data from two independent Nottinghamshire-based studies (n = 795 and n = 613) were used to test genetic variants in the IL15RA gene (rs2228059 and rs7097780) for an association with radiographic severity, symptomatic vs. asymptomatic OA and NP. Results: IL-15Rα was expressed in chondrocytes from cartilage obtained from normal and degenerative knees. IL-15 significantly increased the release of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 (MMP-1 and -3), but did not affect loss of proteoglycan from the articular matrix. Genetic variants in the IL15RA gene are associated with risk of symptomatic vs. asymptomatic OA (rs7097780 OR = 1.48 95% 1.10-1.98 p < 0.01) and with the risk of NP post-total joint replacement (rs2228059 OR = 0.76 95% 0.63-0.92 p < 0.01) but not with radiographic severity. Conclusions: In two different cohorts of patients, we show an association between genetic variation at the IL15 receptor and pain. Although ex vivo cartilage explants could respond to IL-15 with increased protease production, we found no effect of IL-15 on cartilage matrix loss and no association between IL15RA variants and radiographic severity. Together, these results suggest that IL-15 signaling may be a target for pain, but may not impact structural progression, in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Warner
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali Nair
- Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rahul Marpadga
- Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Division of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and National Institutes for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre and National Institutes for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center & Section of Rheumatology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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30
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Hamasaki M, Terkawi MA, Onodera T, Tian Y, Ebata T, Matsumae G, Alhasan H, Takahashi D, Iwasaki N. Transcriptional profiling of murine macrophages stimulated with cartilage fragments revealed a strategy for treatment of progressive osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7558. [PMID: 32371954 PMCID: PMC7200748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that synovitis is associated with osteoarthritic process. Macrophages play principal role in development of synovitis. Our earlier study suggests that interaction between cartilage fragments and macrophages exacerbates osteoarthritic process. However, molecular mechanisms by which cartilage fragments trigger cellular responses remain to be investigated. Therefore, the current study aims at analyzing molecular response of macrophages to cartilage fragments. To this end, we analyzed the transcriptional profiling of murine macrophages exposed to cartilage fragments by RNA sequencing. A total 153 genes were differentially upregulated, and 105 genes were down-regulated in response to cartilage fragments. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the most significantly enriched terms of the upregulated genes included scavenger receptor activity, integrin binding activity, TNF signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling. To further confirm our results, immunohistochemical staining was performed to detected regulated molecules in synovial tissues of OA patients. In consistence with RNA-seq results, MARCO, TLR2 and ITGα5 were mainly detected in the intima lining layer of synovial tissues. Moreover, blockade of TLR2 or ITGα5 but not Marco using specific antibody significantly reduced production of TNF-α in stimulated macrophages by cartilage fragments. Our data suggested that blocking TLR2 or ITGα5 might be promising therapeutic strategy for treating progressive osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Hamasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Taku Ebata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hend Alhasan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Sharma N, Drobinski P, Kayed A, Chen Z, Kjelgaard-Petersen CF, Gantzel T, Karsdal MA, Michaelis M, Ladel C, Bay-Jensen AC, Lindemann S, Thudium CS. Inflammation and joint destruction may be linked to the generation of cartilage metabolites of ADAMTS-5 through activation of toll-like receptors. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:658-668. [PMID: 31734268 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Links between pain and joint degradation are poorly understood. We investigated the role of activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) by cartilage metabolites in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory loop in OA causing joint destruction. METHODS Synovial membrane explants (SMEs) were prepared from OA patients' synovial biopsies. SMEs were cultured for 10 days under following conditions: culture medium alone, OSM + TNFα, TLR2 agonist - Pam2CSK4, Pam3CSK4 or synthetic aggrecan 32-mer, TLR4 agonist - Lipid A. Release of pro-inflammatory and degradation biomarkers (acMMP3 and C3M) were measured by ELISA in conditioned media along with IL-6. Additionally, human cartilage was digested with ADAMTS-5, with or without the ADAMTS-5 inhibiting nanobody - M6495. Digested cartilage solution (DCS) and synthetic 32-mer were tested for TLR activation in SEAP based TLR reporter assay. RESULTS Western blotting confirmed TLR2 and TLR4 in untreated OA synovial biopsies. TLR agonists showed an increase in release of biomarkers - acMMP3 and C3M in SME. Synthetic 32-mer showed no activation in the TLR reporter assay. ADAMTS-5 degraded cartilage fragments activated TLR2 in vitro. Adding M6495 - an anti-ADAMTS-5 inhibiting nanobody®, blocked ADAMTS-5-mediated DCS TLR2 activation. CONCLUSION TLR2 is expressed in synovium of OA patients and their activation by synthetic ligands causes increased tissue turnover. ADAMTS-5-mediated cartilage degradation leads to release of aggrecan fragments which activates the TLR2 receptor in vitro. M6495 suppressed cartilage degradation by ADAMTS-5, limiting the activation of TLR2. In conclusion, pain and joint destruction may be linked to generation of ADAMTS-5 cartilage metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - P Drobinski
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - A Kayed
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Z Chen
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | | | - T Gantzel
- Orthopaedic Surgery Unit, Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - M A Karsdal
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - M Michaelis
- Head of Osteoarthritis Research and Early Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C Ladel
- Clinical Biomarker & Diagnostics Lead, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - A C Bay-Jensen
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - S Lindemann
- Head of Exploratory Osteoarthritis, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Thudium
- Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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Miller RJ, Malfait AM, Miller RE. The innate immune response as a mediator of osteoarthritis pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:562-571. [PMID: 31862470 PMCID: PMC6951330 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we discuss the emerging role of innate immunity in osteoarthritis (OA) joint pain. First, we give a brief description of the pain pathway in the context of OA. Then we consider how neuro-immune signaling pathways may promote OA pain. First, activation of neuronal Pattern Recognition Receptors by mediators released in a damaged joint can result in direct excitation of nociceptors, as well as in production of chemokines and cytokines. Secondly, indirect neuro-immune signaling may occur when innate immune cells produce algogenic factors, including chemokines and cytokines, that act on the pain pathway. Neuro-immune crosstalk occurs at different levels of the pathway, starting in the joint but also in the innervating dorsal root ganglia and in the dorsal horn. Synovitis is characterized by recruitment of immune cells, including macrophages, mast cells, and CD4+ lymphocytes, which may contribute to nociceptor sensitization and OA pain through production of algogenic factors that amplify the activation of sensory neurons. We discuss examples where this scenario has been suggested by findings in human OA and in animal models. Overall, increasing evidence suggests that innate immune pathways play an initiating as well as facilitating role in pain, but information on how these pathways operate in OA remains limited. Since these innate pathways are eminently targetable, future studies in this area may provide fruitful leads towards a better management of symptomatic OA.
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Sprifermin (rhFGF18) versus vehicle induces a biphasic process of extracellular matrix remodeling in human knee OA articular cartilage ex vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6011. [PMID: 32265494 PMCID: PMC7138815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprifermin, recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18 (rhFGF18), induces cartilage regeneration in knees of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized that a temporal multiphasic process of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and formation underlie this effect. We aimed to characterize the temporal ECM remodeling of human knee OA articular cartilage in response to sprifermin treatment. Articular cartilage explants from patients with knee OA (npatients = 14) were cultured for 70 days, with permanent exposure to sprifermin (900, 450, 225 ng/mL), FGF18 (450 ng/mL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (100 ng/mL, positive control) or vehicle (nreplicates/treatment/patient = 2). Metabolic activity (AlamarBlue) and biomarkers of type IIB collagen (PIIBNP) formation (Pro-C2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan neo-epitope NITEGE (AGNx1 ELISA) were quantified once a week. At end of culture (day 70), gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and proteoglycan content (Safranin O/Fast green staining) were quantified. The cartilage had continuously increased metabolic activity, when treated with sprifermin/FGF18 compared to vehicle. During days 7-28 PIIBNP was decreased and NITEGE was increased, and during days 35-70 PIIBNP was increased. At end of culture, the cartilage had sustained proteoglycan content and relative expression of ACAN < COL2A1 < SOX9 < COL1A1, indicating that functional chondrocytes remained in the explants. Sprifermin induces a temporal biphasic cartilage remodeling in human knee OA articular cartilage explants, with early-phase increased aggrecanase activity and late-phase increased type II collagen formation.
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Zhang Q, Nettleship I, Schmelzer E, Gerlach J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu C. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Cell Senescence in Bone and Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:64-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Nettleship
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jorg Gerlach
- Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Hwang HS, Lee MH, Choi MH, Kim HA. NOD2 signaling pathway is involved in fibronectin fragment-induced pro-catabolic factor expressions in human articular chondrocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 30760380 PMCID: PMC6605519 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.6.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) is an innate pattern recognition receptor that recognizes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. The 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) is a matrix degradation product found in the synovial fluids of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated whether NOD2 was involved in 29-kDa FN-f-induced pro-catabolic gene expression in human chondrocytes. The expression of mRNA and protein was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Small interfering RNAs were used for knockdown of NOD2 and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2). An immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine protein interactions. The NOD2 levels in human OA cartilage were much higher than in normal cartilage. NOD1 and NOD2 expression, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were upregulated by 29-kDa FN-f in human chondrocytes. NOD2 silencing showed that NOD2 was involved in the 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of TLR-2. Expressions of IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -13 were also suppressed by TLR-2 knockdown. Furthermore, NOD2 and TLR-2 knockdown data demonstrated that both NOD2 and TLR-2 modulated the expressions of their adaptors, receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) and myeloid differentiation 88, in 29-kDa FN-f-treated chondrocytes. 29-kDa FN-f enhanced the interaction of NOD2, RIP2 and transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), an indispensable signaling intermediate in the TLR-2 signaling pathway, and activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), subsequently leading to increased expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cartilage-degrading enzymes. These results demonstrate that 29-kDa FN-f modulated pro-catabolic responses via cross-regulation of NOD2 and TLR-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sook Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Min Ha Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea
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Miller RE, Scanzello CR, Malfait AM. An emerging role for Toll-like receptors at the neuroimmune interface in osteoarthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:583-594. [PMID: 31612243 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive, painful disease of synovial joints, characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, and synovitis. It is now widely appreciated that the innate immune system, and in particular Toll-like receptors (TLRs), contributes to pathological changes in OA joint tissues. Furthermore, it is now also increasingly recognized that TLR signaling plays a key role in initiating and maintaining pain. Here, we reviewed the literature of the past 5 years with a focus on how TLRs may contribute to joint damage and pain in OA. We discuss biological effects of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which act as TLR ligands in vitro, including direct effects on pain-sensing neurons. We then discuss the phenotype of transgenic mice that target TLR pathways, and provide evidence for a complex balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways activated by OA DAMPs. Finally, we summarize clinical evidence implicating TLRs in OA pathogenesis, including polymorphisms and surrogate markers of disease activity. Our review of the literature led us to propose a model where multi-directional crosstalk between connective tissue cells (chondrocytes, fibroblasts), innate immune cells, and sensory neurons in the affected joint may promote OA pathology and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carla R Scanzello
- Section of Rheumatology and Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center & Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Dupuis LE, Nelson EL, Hozik B, Porto SC, Rogers-DeCotes A, Fosang A, Kern CB. Adamts5-/- Mice Exhibit Altered Aggrecan Proteolytic Profiles That Correlate With Ascending Aortic Anomalies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2067-2081. [PMID: 31366218 PMCID: PMC6761016 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the requirement of Aggrecan (Acan) cleavage during aortic wall development in a murine model with ADAMTS (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin-type motifs) 5 deficiency and bicuspid aortic valves. APPROACH Mice with altered extracellular matrix remodeling of proteoglycans will be examined for anomalies in ascending aortic wall development. Neo-epitope antibodies that recognize ADAMTS cleaved Acan fragments will be used to investigate the mechanistic requirement of Acan turnover, in aortic wall development. RESULTS Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice exhibited a high penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=17/17); Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice with bicuspid aortic valves (7/17) showed a higher number of anomalies than Adamts5-/-;Smad2+/- mice with tricuspid aortic valves. Single mutant Adamts5-/- mice also displayed a high penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=19/19) compared with wild type (n=1/11). Aortic anomalies correlated with Acan accumulation that was apparent at the onset of elastogenesis in Adamts5-/- mice. Neo-epitope antibodies that recognize the initial amino acids in the Acan cleaved fragments neo-FREEE, neo-GLGS, and neo-SSELE were increased in the Adamts5-/- aortas compared with WT. Conversely, neo-TEGE, which recognizes highly digested Acan core fragments, was reduced in Adamts5-/- mice. However, mice containing a mutation in the TEGE373↓374ALGSV site, rendering it noncleavable, had low penetrance of aortic anomalies (n=2/4). Acan neo-DIPEN and neo-FFGVG fragments were observed in the aortic adventitia; Acan neo-FFGVG was increased abnormally in the medial layer and overlapped with smooth muscle cell loss in Adamts5-/- aortas. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of ADAMTS5 Acan cleavage during development correlates with ascending aortic anomalies. These data indicate that the mechanism of ADAMTS5 Acan cleavage may be critical for normal aortic wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren E. Dupuis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - E. Lockett Nelson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Brittany Hozik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Porto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Alexandra Rogers-DeCotes
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
| | - Amanda Fosang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Christine B. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29464, Australia
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Hwang HS, Lee MH, Kim HA. Fibronectin fragment inhibits xylosyltransferase-1 expression by regulating Sp1/Sp3- dependent transcription in articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:833-843. [PMID: 30685487 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) on xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), an essential anabolic enzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step in glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis, in human primary chondrocytes. METHODS Proteoglycan and XT-1 expression in cartilage tissue was analyzed using safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry. The effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression and its relevant signaling pathway were analyzed by quantitative real-time-PCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunoprecipitation assays. The receptors for 29-kDa FN-f were investigated using small interference RNA and blocking antibodies. RESULTS The expression of XT-1 was significantly lower in human osteoarthritis cartilage than in normal cartilage. Intra-articular injection of 29-kDa FN-f reduced proteoglycan levels and XT-1 expression in murine cartilage. In addition, in 29-kDa FN-f-treated cells, XT-1 expression was significantly suppressed at both the mRNA and protein levels, modulated by the transcription factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The 29-kDa FN-f suppressed the binding of Sp1 to the promoter region of XT-1 and enhanced the binding of Sp3 and AP-1. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways restored the 29-kDa FN-f-inhibited XT-1 expression, along with the altered expression of Sp1 and Sp3. Blockading toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and integrin α5β1 via siRNA and blocking antibodies revealed that the effects of 29-kDa FN-f on XT-1 expression were mediated through the TLR-2 and integrin α5β1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 29-kDa FN-f negatively affects cartilage anabolism by regulating glycosaminoglycan formation through XT-1.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Fibronectins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Pentosyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pentosyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Pentosyltransferases/genetics
- Pentosyltransferases/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hwang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
| | - M H Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
| | - H A Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Kyunggi, 431-070, South Korea; Institute for Skeletal Aging, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
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Xie J, Huang Z, Yu X, Zhou L, Pei F. Clinical implications of macrophage dysfunction in the development of osteoarthritis of the knee. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:36-44. [PMID: 30910350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, leading to disability and impaired quality of life and no curative treatments exist. Increasing evidence indicates that low-grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of OA. In this review, we summarize emerging findings on the pathological roles of synovial macrophages, adipose tissue macrophages, and osteoclasts in OA and their potential clinical implications from cell biology to preclinical and preliminary clinical trials. The failure of synovial macrophages to transition from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of synovitis in OA. M1 macrophages promote the inflammatory microenvironment and progression of OA through interactions with synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, thus increasing the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases. Direct inhibition of M1 or promotion of M2 polarization may be useful therapeutic interventions. Adipose tissue macrophages present in the infrapatella fat pad (IPFP) were involved in the progression of obesity-induced OA, which contributed to changes in the integrity of the IPFP. Furthermore, macrophages and osteoclasts in the subchondral bone were involved in bone remodeling and pain through uncoupled osteoclast/osteoblast activity and increased nociceptive signaling. Growing evidence has indicated an important role for macrophage-mediated low-grade inflammation in OA. Fully understanding the link between macrophages and other cells in joints will provide new insights into OA disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fuxing Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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40
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Xie J, Huang Z, Pei F. [Role and progress of innate immunity in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:370-376. [PMID: 30874397 PMCID: PMC8337921 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201810068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review and summarize the role and progress of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods The domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed. The role of innate immune-mediated inflammation, macrophages, T cells, and complement systems in the pathogenesis of OA, potential therapeutic targets, and the latest research progress were summarized. Results With the deepening of research, OA is gradually considered as a low-grade inflammation, in which innate immunity plays an important role. The polarization of synovial macrophage subpopulation in OA has been studied extensively. Current data shows that the failure of transformation from M1 subtype to M2 subtype is a key link in the progression of OA. T cells and complement system are also involved in the pathological process of OA. Conclusion At present, the role of innate immunity in the progress of OA has been played in the spotlight, whereas the specific mechanism has not been clear. The macrophage subtype polarization is a potential therapeutic target for early prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Fuxing Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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41
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Kim MK, Ha CW, In Y, Cho SD, Choi ES, Ha JK, Lee JH, Yoo JD, Bin SI, Choi CH, Kyung HS, Lee MC. A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Cell and Gene Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2019; 29:48-59. [PMID: 29641281 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the clinical efficacy of TissueGene-C (TG-C), a cell and gene therapeutic for osteoarthritis consisting of non-transformed and transduced chondrocytes (3:1) retrovirally transduced to overexpress transforming growth factor-β1. A total of 163 Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive intra-articular TG-C or placebo. Primary efficacy measures included criteria for subjective assessment by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and pain severity by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for 52 weeks. Secondary efficacy measures included IKDC and VAS at 26 and 39 weeks; pain, stiffness, and physical function by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC); and pain, symptoms, daily activities, function in sports and recreation, and quality of life by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and soluble urine and blood biomarkers. TG-C was associated with statistically significant improvement over placebo in the total IKDC score and individual categories, and in the VAS score at 26, 39, and 52 weeks. WOMAC and KOOS scores also improved with TG-C over placebo. Patients treated with TG-C showed trends directed toward thicker cartilage and slower growing rates of subchondral bone surface area in the medial tibia, lateral tibia, lateral patella, and lateral patella femoral regions, although these were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) and urine CTX-II levels were lower over 1 year in TG-C than placebo-treated patients, with CTX-I level reaching statistical significance. These tendencies supported TG-C as holding great potential as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug. The most frequent adverse events in the TG-C group were peripheral edema (9%), arthralgia (8%), joint swelling (6%), and injection site pain (5%). TG-C was associated with statistically significant improvements in function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The unexpected adverse events were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ku Kim
- 1 Inha University Hospital , Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Won Ha
- 2 Samsung Medical Center, Sung Kyun Kwan University School of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong In
- 3 The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Do Cho
- 4 Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Choi
- 5 Chungbuk National University Hospital , Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ku Ha
- 6 Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Lee
- 7 Jeonbuk National University Medical School , Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Doo Yoo
- 8 Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Il Bin
- 9 Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan, South Korea
| | | | - Hee-Soo Kyung
- 11 Kyungpook National University , Daegu, South Korea
| | - Myung-Chul Lee
- 12 Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul, South Korea
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Thudium CS, Löfvall H, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Bihlet AR. Protein biomarkers associated with pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis. J Proteomics 2019; 190:55-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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van den Bosch MHJ. Inflammation in osteoarthritis: is it time to dampen the alarm(in) in this debilitating disease? Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:153-166. [PMID: 30421798 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that strongly reduces the quality of life in patients; However, no disease-modifying therapy is available. For a long time, OA was considered a non-inflammatory disease that was the result of 'wear-and-tear' and abnormal mechanics, and therefore many considered the term 'osteoarthritis' a misnomer. However, during the last decades the notion arose that inflammation is not only present in the majority of OA patients but, rather, actively involved in the progression of the disease. Influx of immune cells is observed in the synovium and a plethora of inflammatory mediators is present in tissues and fluids from OA patients. These mediators cause the production of degrading enzymes that break down the cartilage matrix, which is the main hallmark of OA. Alarmins, which belong to the group of danger signals, have been implicated in many inflammatory diseases. They are among the first factors to be released upon cell stress due to, for example, infection, damage and inflammation. They attract and activate cells of the immune system and therefore lie at the base of the inflammatory reaction. In this narrative review, an overview of the history of OA, the evolving concept of inflammation as important factor in the OA pathogenesis, and particularly the central role that alarmins play in the initiation and maintenance of the low-grade inflammatory response in OA, is provided. Moreover, the targeting of alarmins as a promising approach to dampen the inflammation in OA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Miller RE, Ishihara S, Tran PB, Golub SB, Last K, Miller RJ, Fosang AJ, Malfait AM. An aggrecan fragment drives osteoarthritis pain through Toll-like receptor 2. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95704. [PMID: 29563338 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is the predominant symptom of osteoarthritis, but the connection between joint damage and the genesis of pain is not well understood. Loss of articular cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis, and it occurs through enzymatic degradation of aggrecan by cleavage mediated by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4 (ADAMTS-4) or ADAMTS-5 in the interglobular domain (E373-374A). Further cleavage by MMPs (N341-342F) releases a 32-amino-acid aggrecan fragment (32-mer). We investigated the role of this 32-mer in driving joint pain. We found that the 32-mer excites dorsal root ganglion nociceptive neurons, both in culture and in intact explants. Treatment of cultured sensory neurons with the 32-mer induced expression of the proalgesic chemokine CCL2. These effects were mediated through TLR2, which we demonstrated was expressed by nociceptive neurons. In addition, intra-articular injection of the 32-mer fragment provoked knee hyperalgesia in WT but not Tlr2-null mice. Blocking the production or action of the 32-mer in transgenic mice prevented the development of knee hyperalgesia in a murine model of osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that the aggrecan 32-mer fragment directly activates TLR2 on joint nociceptors and is an important mediator of the development of osteoarthritis-associated joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phuong B Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzanne B Golub
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karena Last
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda J Fosang
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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45
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Kim MK, Ha CW, In Y, Cho SD, Choi ES, Ha JK, Lee JH, Yoo JD, Bin SI, Choi CH, Kyung HS, Lee MC. A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Cell and Gene Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ku Kim
- Inha University Hospital, 65745, Incheon, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chul-Won Ha
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Med Ctr, KangNam Gu, IrWon Dong 50, Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 15-710, ,
| | - Yong In
- The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sung-Do Cho
- Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eui-Sung Choi
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jeong-Ku Ha
- Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ju-Hong Lee
- Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae-Doo Yoo
- Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seong-Il Bin
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Choong-Hyeok Choi
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hee-Soo Kyung
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Myung-Chul Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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46
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Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:213-227. [PMID: 29290139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417740880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Reker D, Kjelgaard-Petersen CF, Siebuhr AS, Michaelis M, Gigout A, Karsdal MA, Ladel C, Bay-Jensen AC. Sprifermin (rhFGF18) modulates extracellular matrix turnover in cartilage explants ex vivo. J Transl Med 2017; 15:250. [PMID: 29233174 PMCID: PMC5727954 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sprifermin (recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18) is in clinical development as a potential disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). In vitro studies have shown that cartilage regenerative properties of sprifermin involve chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. To gain further insight into the process of sprifermin in the cartilage tissue, this study aimed at investigating the ECM turnover of articular cartilage explants in a longitudinal manner. Methods Bovine full-depth articular cartilage explants were stimulated with sprifermin or placebo at weekly intervals, similar to the dosing regimen used in clinical trials. Pre-culturing with oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor-α, was also used to induce an inflammatory state before treatment. Metabolic activity was measured using AlamarBlue, and chondrocyte proliferation was visualized by immuno-histochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. ECM turnover was quantified by biomarker ELISAs; ProC2 reflecting type II collagen formation, CS846 reflecting aggrecan formation, active MMP9, C2M and AGNx2 reflecting matrix metalloproteinase activity, and AGNx1 reflecting aggrecanase activity. Results Sprifermin was able to reach the chondrocytes through the extracellular matrix, as it increased cell proliferation and metabolic activity of explants. ProC2 and CS846 was dose-dependently increased (P < 0.05) by sprifermin compared to placebo, while C2M and AGNx2 were unaffected, active MMP9 was slightly decreased, and AGNx1 was slightly increased. Over the course of treatment, the temporal order of ECM turnover responses was AGNx1, then ProC2, followed by CS846 and MMP9. Pro-inflammatory activation of the explants diminished the ECM turnover responses otherwise observed under non-inflammatory conditions. Conclusions The data suggest that sprifermin has chondrogenic effects on articular cartilage ex vivo, exerted through a sequential process of ECM turnover; aggrecan degradation seems to occur first, while type II collagen and aggrecan production increased at a later time point. In addition, it was observed that these chondrogenic effects are dependent on the inflammatory status of the cartilage prior to treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1356-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Reker
- Biomarkers and Research Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie F Kjelgaard-Petersen
- Biomarkers and Research Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- Biomarkers and Research Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck-KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anne Gigout
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck-KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christoph Ladel
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck-KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anne C Bay-Jensen
- Biomarkers and Research Rheumatology, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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48
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Toll-like Receptor Activation Induces Degeneration of Human Intervertebral Discs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17184. [PMID: 29215065 PMCID: PMC5719358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are activated by endogenous alarmins such as fragmented extracellular matrix compounds found in the degenerating disc. TLRs regulate cytokine, neurotrophin, and protease expression in human disc cells in vitro, and thus control key factors in disc degeneration. However, whether TLR activation leads to degenerative changes in intact human discs is unclear. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from non-degenerating discs increase IL-1β and nerve growth factor gene expression following treatment with Pam2CSK4 (TLR2/6 agonist) but not Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2 agonist). Challenging NP cells with Pam2CSK4 or 30 kDa fibronectin fragments (FN-f, an endogenous TLR2 and TLR4 alarmin) increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. We then investigated the effect of TLR activation in intact, non-degenerate, ex vivo human discs. Discs were injected with PBS, Pam2CSK4 and FN-f, and cultured for 28 days. TLR activation increased proteoglycan and ECM protein release into the culture media and decreased proteoglycan content in the NP. Proteases, including MMP3, 13 and HTRA1, are secreted at higher levels following TLR activation. In addition, proinflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-6, TNFα and IFNγ, increased following TLR activation. These results indicate that TLR activation induces degeneration in human discs. Therefore, TLRs are potential disease-modifying therapeutic targets to slow disc degeneration.
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49
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The serine proteinase hepsin is an activator of pro-matrix metalloproteinases: molecular mechanisms and implications for extracellular matrix turnover. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16693. [PMID: 29196708 PMCID: PMC5711915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates serine proteinases in the proteolytic cascades leading to the pathological destruction of extracellular matrices such as cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). We have previously demonstrated that the type II transmembrane serine proteinase (TTSP) matriptase acts as a novel initiator of cartilage destruction via the induction and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Hepsin is another TTSP expressed in OA cartilage such that we hypothesized this proteinase may also contribute to matrix turnover. Herein, we demonstrate that addition of hepsin to OA cartilage in explant culture induced significant collagen and aggrecan release and activated proMMP-1 and proMMP-3. Furthermore, hepsin directly cleaved the aggrecan core protein at a novel cleavage site within the interglobular domain. Hepsin expression correlated with synovitis as well as tumour necrosis factor α expression, and was induced in cartilage by a pro-inflammatory stimulus. However, a major difference compared to matriptase was that hepsin demonstrated markedly reduced capacity to activate proteinase-activated receptor-2. Overall, our data suggest that hepsin, like matriptase, induces potent destruction of the extracellular matrix whilst displaying distinct efficiencies for the cleavage of specific substrates.
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50
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Karsdal MA, Nielsen SH, Leeming DJ, Langholm LL, Nielsen MJ, Manon-Jensen T, Siebuhr A, Gudmann NS, Rønnow S, Sand JM, Daniels SJ, Mortensen JH, Schuppan D. The good and the bad collagens of fibrosis - Their role in signaling and organ function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:43-56. [PMID: 28736303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Usually the dense extracellular structure in fibrotic tissues is described as extracellular matrix (ECM) or simply as collagen. However, fibrosis is not just fibrosis, which is already exemplified by the variant morphological characteristics of fibrosis due to viral versus cholestatic, autoimmune or toxic liver injury, with reticular, chicken wire and bridging fibrosis. Importantly, the overall composition of the ECM, especially the relative amounts of the many types of collagens, which represent the most abundant ECM molecules and which centrally modulate cellular functions and physiological processes, changes dramatically during fibrosis progression. We hypothesize that there are good and bad collagens in fibrosis and that a change of location alone may change the function from good to bad. Whereas basement membrane collagen type IV anchors epithelial and other cells in a polarized manner, the interstitial fibroblast collagens type I and III do not provide directional information. In addition, feedback loops from biologically active degradation products of some collagens are examples of the importance of having the right collagen at the right place and at the right time controlling cell function, proliferation, matrix production and fate. Examples are the interstitial collagen type VI and basement membrane collagen type XVIII. Their carboxyterminal propeptides serve as an adipose tissue hormone, endotrophin, and as a regulator of angiogenesis, endostatin, respectively. We provide an overview of the 28 known collagen types and propose that the molecular composition of the ECM in fibrosis needs careful attention to assess its impact on organ function and its potential to progress or reverse. Consequently, to adequately assess fibrosis and to design optimal antifibrotic therapies, we need to dissect the molecular entity of fibrosis for the molecular composition and spatial distribution of collagens and the associated ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - S H Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L L Langholm
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Siebuhr
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Rønnow
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J M Sand
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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