1
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Giovanelli R, Monda G, Kiriakidi S, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Access to Benzolactams and Benzolactones via Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylation with CO 2. Chemistry 2024:e202401658. [PMID: 38890146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A new nickel catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling for accessing γ-lactams (isoindolinones) as well as γ-lactones (isobenzofuranones) via carbonylation with CO2 is documented. The protocol exploits the synergistic role of redox-active Ni(II) complexes and AlCl3 as a CO2 activator/oxygen scavenger, leading to the formation of a wide range of cyclic amides and esters (28 examples) in good to high yields (up to 87 %). A dedicated computational investigation revealed the multiple roles played by AlCl3. In particular, the simultaneous transient protection of the pendant amino group of the starting reagents and the formation of the electrophilically activated CO2-AlCl3 adduct are shown to concur in paving the way for an energetically favorable mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Monda
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Kiriakidi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, AS Lagoas (Marcosende) s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, AS Lagoas (Marcosende) s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Li L, Zhong W, Liu H, Espinosa-Artiles P, Xu YM, Wang C, Robles JMV, Paz TA, Inácio MC, Chen F, Xu Y, Gunatilaka AAL, Molnár I. Biosynthesis of Cytosporones in Leotiomycetous Filamentous Fungi. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6189-6198. [PMID: 38386630 PMCID: PMC11106036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyketides with the isochroman-3-one pharmacophore are rare among fungal natural products as their biosynthesis requires an unorthodox S-type aromatic ring cyclization. Genome mining uncovered a conserved gene cluster in select leotiomycetous fungi that encodes the biosynthesis of cytosporones, including isochroman-3-one congeners. Combinatorial biosynthesis in total biosynthetic and biocatalytic formats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro reconstitution of key reactions with purified enzymes revealed how cytosporone structural and bioactivity diversity is generated. The S-type acyl dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (ADA) core of cytosporones is assembled by a collaborating polyketide synthase pair. Thioesterase domain-catalyzed transesterification releases ADA esters, some of which are known Nur77 modulators. Alternatively, hydrolytic release allows C6 hydroxylation by a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, yielding a trihydroxybenzene moiety. Reduction of the C9 carbonyl by a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase initiates isochroman-3-one formation, affording cytosporones with cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Enoyl di- or trihydroxyphenylacetic acids are generated as shunt products, while isocroman-3,4-diones are formed by autoxidation. The cytosporone pathway offers novel polyketide biosynthetic enzymes for combinatorial synthetic biology to advance the production of "unnatural" natural products for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P. R. China
| | - Weimao Zhong
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - Hang Liu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Patricia Espinosa-Artiles
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - Ya-ming Xu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jose Manuel Verdugo Robles
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - Tiago Antunes Paz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marielle Cascaes Inácio
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - Fusheng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - A. A. Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85719, Arizona, United States
- VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., Espoo 02150, Finland
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3
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Qin P, Lu XY, Xu JH, Yu HL. Directed evolution of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase for highly secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris and efficient preparation of chiral pyrazole sulfoxide. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:971-979. [PMID: 38088450 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a highly distinguished expression platform for the excellent synthesis of various heterologous proteins in recent years. With the advantages of high-density fermentation, P. pastoris can produce gram amounts of recombinant proteins. While not every protein of interest can be expressed to such high titers, such as Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) (AcPSMO) which is responsible for pyrazole sulfide asymmetric oxidation. In this work, an excellent yeast expression system was established to facilitate efficient AcPSMO expression, which exhibited 9.5-fold enhanced secretion. Subsequently, an ultrahigh throughput screening method based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting by fusing super folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) in the C-terminal of AcPSMO was developed, and directed evolution was performed. The protein expression level of the superior mutant AcPSMOP1 (S58T/T252P/E336N/H456D) reached 84.6 mg/L at 100 mL shaking flask, which was 4.7 times higher than the levels obtained with the wild-type. Finally, the optimized chassis cells were used for high-density fermentation on a 5-L scale, and AcPSMOP1 protein yield of 3.4 g/L was achieved, representing approximately 85% of the total protein secreted. By directly employing the pH-adjusted supernatant as a biocatalyst, 20 g/L pyrmetazole sulfide was completely transformed into the corresponding (S)-sulfoxide, with a 78.8% isolated yield. This work confers dramatic benefits for efficient secretion of other BVMOs in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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4
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Han X, Chen F, Li H, Ge R, Shen Q, Duan P, Sheng X, Zhang W. Reaction engineering blocks ether cleavage for synthesizing chiral cyclic hemiacetals catalyzed by unspecific peroxygenase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1235. [PMID: 38336996 PMCID: PMC10858125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemiacetal compounds are valuable building blocks in synthetic chemistry, but their enzymatic synthesis is limited and often hindered by the instability of hemiacetals in aqueous environments. Here, we show that this challenge can be addressed through reaction engineering by using immobilized peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) under neat reaction conditions, which allows for the selective C-H bond oxyfunctionalization of environmentally significant cyclic ethers to cyclic hemiacetals. A wide range of chiral cyclic hemiacetal products are prepared in >99% enantiomeric excess and 95170 turnover numbers of AaeUPO. Furthermore, by changing the reaction medium from pure organic solvent to alkaline aqueous conditions, cyclic hemiacetals are in situ transformed into lactones. Lactams are obtained under the applied conditions, albeit with low enzyme activity. These findings showcase the synthetic potential of AaeUPO and offer a practical enzymatic approach to produce chiral cyclic hemiacetals through C-H oxyfunctionalization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peigao Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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5
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Wackelin DJ, Mao R, Sicinski KM, Zhao Y, Das A, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Assembly of Diverse Lactone Structures: An Intramolecular C-H Functionalization Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1580-1587. [PMID: 38166100 PMCID: PMC11290351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Lactones are cyclic esters with extensive applications in materials science, medicinal chemistry, and the food and perfume industries. Nature's strategy for the synthesis of many lactones found in natural products always relies on a single type of retrosynthetic strategy, a C-O bond disconnection. Here, we describe a set of laboratory-engineered enzymes that use a new-to-nature C-C bond-forming strategy to assemble diverse lactone structures. These engineered "carbene transferases" catalyze intramolecular carbene insertions into benzylic or allylic C-H bonds, which allow for the synthesis of lactones with different ring sizes and ring scaffolds from simple starting materials. Starting from a serine-ligated cytochrome P450 variant previously engineered for other carbene-transfer activities, directed evolution generated a variant P411-LAS-5247, which exhibits a high activity for constructing a five-membered ε-lactone, lactam, and cyclic ketone products (up to 5600 total turnovers (TTN) and >99% enantiomeric excess (ee)). Further engineering led to variants P411-LAS-5249 and P411-LAS-5264, which deliver six-membered δ-lactones and seven-membered ε-lactones, respectively, overcoming the thermodynamically unfavorable ring strain associated with these products compared to the γ-lactones. This new carbene-transfer activity was further extended to the synthesis of complex lactone scaffolds based on fused, bridged, and spiro rings. The enzymatic platform developed here complements natural biosynthetic strategies for lactone assembly and expands the structural diversity of lactones accessible through C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Wackelin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Runze Mao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Sicinski
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yutao Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Present address: Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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6
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Abduh NAY, Al-Kahtani AA, Amer MS, Algarni TS, Al-Odayni AB. Fabricated Gamma-Alumina-Supported Zinc Ferrite Catalyst for Solvent-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclic Ethers to Lactones. Molecules 2023; 28:7192. [PMID: 37894671 PMCID: PMC10609177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to fabricate a new heterogeneous catalyst as zinc ferrite (ZF) supported on gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) for the conversion of cyclic ethers to the corresponding, more valuable lactones, using a solvent-free method and O2 as an oxidant. Hence, the ZF@γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared using a deposition-coprecipitation method, then characterized using TEM, SEM, EDS, TGA, FTIR, XRD, ICP, XPS, and BET surface area, and further applied for aerobic oxidation of cyclic ethers. The structural analysis indicated spherical, uniform ZF particles of 24 nm dispersed on the alumina support. Importantly, the incorporation of ZF into the support influenced its texture, i.e., the surface area and pore size were reduced while the pore diameter was increased. The product identification indicated lactone compound as the major product for saturated cyclic ether oxidation. For THF as a model reaction, it was found that the supported catalyst was 3.2 times more potent towards the oxidation of cyclic ethers than the unsupported one. Furthermore, the low reactivity of the six-membered ethers can be tackled by optimizing the oxidant pressure and the reaction time. In the case of unsaturated ethers, deep oxidation and polymerization reactions were competitive oxidations. Furthermore, it was found that the supported catalyst maintained good stability and catalytic activity, even after four cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mabrook S. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Tahani Saad Algarni
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zhou WJ, Yu X, Chen C, Lan W, Zhan G, Zhou J, Liu Q, Huang W, Yang QQ. Organocatalytic Asymmetric [4 + 2] Cyclization of Azadienes with Azlactones: Access to Chiral 3-Amino-δ-Lactams Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13427-13439. [PMID: 37750476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a series of chiral δ-lactam frameworks have been synthesized and catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) utilizing two kinds of open-chain aza-dienes and azlactones derived from amino acids. This powerful [4 + 2] annulation produces a broad substrate scope with functional group tolerance in yield up to 97% with up to 98:2 er. Moreover, a facile scale-up and straightforward conversion to diversely substituted products verify the synthetic utility of this method featuring good compatibility and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Jingyun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
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8
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Orsy G, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E. A Sustainable Green Enzymatic Method for Amide Bond Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:5706. [PMID: 37570676 PMCID: PMC10419938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustainable enzymatic strategy for the preparation of amides by using Candida antarctica lipase B as the biocatalyst and cyclopentyl methyl ether as a green and safe solvent was devised. The method is simple and efficient and it produces amides with excellent conversions and yields without the need for intensive purification steps. The scope of the reaction was extended to the preparation of 28 diverse amides using four different free carboxylic acids and seven primary and secondary amines, including cyclic amines. This enzymatic methodology has the potential to become a green and industrially reliable process for direct amide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Orsy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sayeh Shahmohammadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
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9
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Ma Y, Zhang N, Vernet G, Kara S. Design of fusion enzymes for biocatalytic applications in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944226. [PMID: 35935496 PMCID: PMC9354712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades play a fundamental role in sustainable chemical synthesis. Fusion enzymes are one of the powerful toolboxes to enable the tailored combination of multiple enzymes for efficient cooperative cascades. Especially, this approach offers a substantial potential for the practical application of cofactor-dependent oxidoreductases by forming cofactor self-sufficient cascades. Adequate cofactor recycling while keeping the oxidized/reduced cofactor in a confined microenvironment benefits from the fusion fashion and makes the use of oxidoreductases in harsh non-aqueous media practical. In this mini-review, we have summarized the application of various fusion enzymes in aqueous and non-aqueous media with a focus on the discussion of linker design within oxidoreductases. The design and properties of the reported linkers have been reviewed in detail. Besides, the substrate loadings in these studies have been listed to showcase one of the key limitations (low solubility of hydrophobic substrates) of aqueous biocatalysis when it comes to efficiency and economic feasibility. Therefore, a straightforward strategy of applying non-aqueous media has been briefly discussed while the potential of using the fusion oxidoreductase of interest in organic media was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guillem Vernet
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Selin Kara
- Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Selin Kara,
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10
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Özgen FF, Jorea A, Capaldo L, Kourist R, Ravelli D, Schmidt S. The Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Lactones by Merging Decatungstate Photocatalysis with Biocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen NETHERLANDS
| | - Alexandra Jorea
- University of Pavia: Universita degli Studi di Pavia Department of Chemistry viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia ITALY
| | - Luca Capaldo
- University of Pavia: Universita degli Studi di Pavia Department of Chemistry viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia ITALY
| | - Robert Kourist
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institut of Molecular Biotechnology Petersgass 14 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Davide Ravelli
- University of Pavia: Universita degli Studi di Pavia Department of Chemistry viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia ITALY
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen NETHERLANDS
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11
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Hoffmann N. Heterocyclic Compounds in Enantioselective Photochemical Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Nastke A, Gröger H. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has an enormous impact on chemical synthesis. The waves in which biocatalysis has developed, and in doing so changed our perception of what organic chemistry is, were reviewed 20 and 10 years ago. Here we review the consequences of these waves of development. Nowadays, hydrolases are widely used on an industrial scale for the benign synthesis of commodity and bulk chemicals and are fully developed. In addition, further enzyme classes are gaining ever increasing interest. Particularly, enzymes catalysing selective C-C-bond formation reactions and enzymes catalysing selective oxidation and reduction reactions are solving long-standing synthetic challenges in organic chemistry. Combined efforts from molecular biology, systems biology, organic chemistry and chemical engineering will establish a whole new toolbox for chemistry. Recent developments are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hanefeld
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, The Netherlands.
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14
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Enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using photochemical reactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1657-1674. [PMID: 34822126 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different methods for the direct enantioselective photochemical synthesis of heterocycles are presented. Currently, asymmetric catalysis with templates involving hydrogen bonds or metal complexes is intensively investigated. Enzyme catalysis can be simplified under photochemical conditions. For example, in multi enzyme systems, one or more enzyme catalytic steps can be replaced by simple photochemical reactions. Chiral induction in photochemical reactions performed with homochiral crystals is highly efficient. Such reactions can also be carried out with crystalline inclusion complexes. Inclusion of a photochemical substrate and an enantiopure compound in zeolites also leads to enantioselective compounds. In all these methods, the conformational mobility of the photochemical substrates is reduced or controlled. Memory of chirality is a particular case in which a chiral information is temporally lost but the rigid conformations stabilize the molecular structure which leads to the formation of enantiopure compounds. Such studies allows a profound understanding on how particular conformations determine the configuration of the final products.Graphical abstract.
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15
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Biological Activity of Selected Natural and Synthetic Terpenoid Lactones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095036. [PMID: 34068609 PMCID: PMC8126056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids with lactone moieties have been indicated to possess high bioactivity. Certain terpenoid lactones exist in nature, in plants and animals, but they can also be obtained by chemical synthesis. Terpenoids possessing lactone moieties are known for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. Moreover, one terpenoid lactone, artemisinin, is used as a drug against malaria. Because of these abilities, there is constant interest in new terpenoid lactones that are both isolated and synthesized, and their biological activities have been verified. In some cases, the activity of the terpenoid lactone is specifically connected to the lactone moiety. Recent works have revealed that new terpenoid lactones can demonstrate such functions and are thus considered to be potential active agents against many diseases.
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Nikulin M, Švedas V. Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:2750. [PMID: 34067052 PMCID: PMC8124709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Nikulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Kieslich D, Christoffers J. Formation of δ-Lactones by Cyanide Catalyzed Rearrangement of α-Hydroxy-β-oxoesters. Org Lett 2021; 23:953-957. [PMID: 33464092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
δ-Valerolactone derivatives are formed by cyanide-catalyzed ring-transformation of cyclic α-hydroxy-β-oxoesters. This unprecedented reaction defines a new synthetic methodology, and the products are obtained in up to quantitative yields. Several alkyl substitutions as well as different ester residues are tolerated. Furthermore, benzo- and heteroarene-annulated starting materials are converted without problems. As an additional benefit, the starting materials are straightforwardly accessed by cerium-catalyzed aerobic α-hydroxylation of readily available β-oxoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kieslich
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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Speldrich J, Christoffers J. Mechanistic Insights into the Formation of δ‐Lactones by Cerium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Coupling of β‐Oxoesters with Enol Acetates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Marico Speldrich
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:88-119. [PMID: 32558088 PMCID: PMC7818486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found numerous applications in various fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. The use of enzymes in organic synthesis, especially to make chiral compounds for pharmaceuticals as well for the flavors and fragrance industry, are the most prominent examples. In addition, biocatalysts are used on a large scale to make specialty and even bulk chemicals. This review intends to give illustrative examples in this field with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes. It also discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc.126 E. Lincoln AveRahwayNJ07065USA
| | - Kai Baldenius
- Baldenius Biotech ConsultingHafenstr. 3168159MannheimGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
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20
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Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biokatalyse: Enzymatische Synthese für industrielle Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Global Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Process Research and Development Merck & Co., Inc. 126 E. Lincoln Ave Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Kai Baldenius
- Baldenius Biotech Consulting Hafenstraße 31 68159 Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
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21
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Soluble expression and biomimetic immobilization of a ω-transaminase from Bacillus subtilis: Development of an efficient and recyclable biocatalyst. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Maseme MJ, Pennec A, Marwijk J, Opperman DJ, Smit MS. CYP505E3: A Novel Self‐Sufficient ω‐7 In‐Chain Hydroxylase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mpeyake Jacob Maseme
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Alizé Pennec
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Marwijk
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Diederik Johannes Opperman
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Martha Sophia Smit
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
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23
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Ceccoli RD, Bianchi DA, Carabajal MA, Rial DV. Genome mining reveals new bacterial type I Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases with (bio)synthetic potential. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maseme MJ, Pennec A, Marwijk J, Opperman DJ, Smit MS. CYP505E3: A Novel Self‐Sufficient ω‐7 In‐Chain Hydroxylase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10359-10362. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mpeyake Jacob Maseme
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Alizé Pennec
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Marwijk
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Diederik Johannes Opperman
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Martha Sophia Smit
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa
- South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*change University of Cape Town South Africa
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25
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Martin C, Trajkovic M, Fraaije MW. Production of Hydroxy Acids: Selective Double Oxidation of Diols by Flavoprotein Alcohol Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4869-4872. [PMID: 31912947 PMCID: PMC7079103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Flavoprotein oxidases can catalyze oxidations of alcohols and amines by merely using molecular oxygen as the oxidant, making this class of enzymes appealing for biocatalysis. The FAD-containing (FAD=flavin adenine dinucleotide) alcohol oxidase from P. chrysosporium facilitated double and triple oxidations for a range of aliphatic diols. Interestingly, depending on the diol substrate, these reactions result in formation of either lactones or hydroxy acids. For example, diethylene glycol could be selectively and fully converted into 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid. Such a facile cofactor-independent biocatalytic route towards hydroxy acids opens up new avenues for the preparation of polyester building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4GroningenThe Netherlands
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26
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Li P, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Cascade Synthesis from Cyclohexane to ϵ‐Caprolactone by Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysis Combined with Whole‐Cell Biological Oxidation. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1852-1855. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Li
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Yunjian Ma
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Yongru Li
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Xizhen Zhang
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
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27
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Martin C, Trajkovic M, Fraaije MW. Production of Hydroxy Acids: Selective Double Oxidation of Diols by Flavoprotein Alcohol Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Milos Trajkovic
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology GroupUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 Groningen The Netherlands
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28
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Srinivasamurthy VST, Böttcher D, Bornscheuer UT. A multi-enzyme cascade reaction for the production of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:71-76. [PMID: 30685749 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multi-enzyme cascade reactions capture the essence of nature's efficiency by increasing the productivity of a process. Here we describe one such three-enzyme cascade for the synthesis of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. Whole cells of Escherichia coli co-expressing an alcohol dehydrogenase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (CHMO) for internal cofactor regeneration were used without the supply of external NADPH or NADP+. The product inhibition caused by the ε-caprolactone formed by the CHMO was overcome by the use of lipase CAL-B for in situ conversion into 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. A stirred tank reactor under fed-batch mode was chosen for efficient catalysis. By using this setup, a product titre of >20 g L-1 was achieved in a 500 mL scale with an isolated yield of 81% 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu S T Srinivasamurthy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Phone: +49 3834 420 4367
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Hollmann F, Kara S, Opperman DJ, Wang Y. Biocatalytic synthesis of lactones and lactams. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3601-3610. [PMID: 30256534 PMCID: PMC6348383 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic esters and amides (lactones and lactams) are important active ingredients and polymer building blocks. In recent years, numerous biocatalytic methods for their preparation have been developed including enzymatic and chemoenzymatic Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, oxidative lactonisation of diols, and reductive lactonisation and lactamisation of ketoesters. The current state of the art of these methods is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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