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Cazier EA, Pham TN, Cossus L, Abla M, Ilc T, Lawrence P. Exploring industrial lignocellulosic waste: Sources, types, and potential as high-value molecules. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 188:11-38. [PMID: 39094219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass has a promising role in a circular bioeconomy and may be used to produce valuable molecules for green chemistry. Lignocellulosic biomass, such as food waste, agricultural waste, wood, paper or cardboard, corresponded to 15.7% of all waste produced in Europe in 2020, and has a high potential as a secondary raw material for industrial processes. This review first presents industrial lignocellulosic waste sources, in terms of their composition, quantities and types of lignocellulosic residues. Secondly, the possible high added-value chemicals obtained from transformation of lignocellulosic waste are detailed, as well as their potential for applications in the food industry, biomedical, energy or chemistry sectors, including as sources of polyphenols, enzymes, bioplastic precursors or biofuels. In a third part, various available transformation treatments, such as physical treatments with ultrasound or heat, chemical treatments with acids or bases, and biological treatments with enzymes or microorganisms, are presented. The last part discusses the perspectives of the use of lignocellulosic waste and the fact that decreasing the cost of transformation is one of the major issues for improving the use of lignocellulosic biomass in a circular economy and green chemistry approach, since it is currently often more expensive than petroleum-based counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Cazier
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France; Nantes Université, Oniris, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France(1).
| | - Thanh-Nhat Pham
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Louis Cossus
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France
| | - Maher Abla
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Tina Ilc
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
| | - Philip Lawrence
- UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESTBB, Lyon, France; UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Lyon, France.
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Bharadwaj A, Holwerda EK, Regan JM, Lynd LR, Richard TL. Enhancing anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass by mechanical cotreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:76. [PMID: 38831375 PMCID: PMC11149370 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to increase the accessibility and accelerate the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass to methane in an anaerobic fermentation system by mechanical cotreatment: milling during fermentation, as an alternative to conventional pretreatment prior to biological deconstruction. Effluent from a mesophilic anaerobic digester running with unpretreated senescent switchgrass as the predominant carbon source was collected and subjected to ball milling for 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 min. Following this, a batch fermentation test was conducted with this material in triplicate for an additional 18 days with unmilled effluent as the 'status quo' control. RESULTS The results indicate 0.5 - 10 min of cotreatment increased sugar solubilization by 5- 13% when compared to the unmilled control, with greater solubilization correlated with increased milling duration. Biogas concentrations ranged from 44% to 55.5% methane with the balance carbon dioxide. The total biogas production was statistically higher than the unmilled control for all treatments with 2 or more minutes of milling (α = 0.1). Cotreatment also decreased mean particle size. Energy consumption measurements of a lab-scale mill indicate that longer durations of milling offer diminishing benefits with respect to additional methane production. CONCLUSIONS Cotreatment in anaerobic digestion systems, as demonstrated in this study, provides an alternative approach to conventional pretreatments to increase biogas production from lignocellulosic grassy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Bharadwaj
- The Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Evert K Holwerda
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John M Regan
- The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lee R Lynd
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Tom L Richard
- The Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Puițel AC, Bălușescu G, Balan CD, Nechita MT. The Potential Valorization of Corn Stalks by Alkaline Sequential Fractionation to Obtain Papermaking Fibers, Hemicelluloses, and Lignin-A Comprehensive Mass Balance Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1542. [PMID: 38891488 PMCID: PMC11174482 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study deals with an examination of strategies for the sequential treatment of corn stalks (CSs) in an integrated manner aiming to obtain papermaking fibers and to recover both lignin and hemicelluloses (HCs). Several pathways of valorization were experimentally trialed, focusing on getting information from mass balance analysis in an attempt to reveal the potential outcomes in terms of pulp yield, chemical composition, and papermaking properties such as tensile and burst strength. The raw lignin amounts and purity as well as separated hemicelluloses were also characterized. In this work, pulp yields in the range of 44-50% were obtained from CSs, while lignin and hemicelluloses yielded maximum values of 10 g/100 g of CS and 6.2 g/100 g of CS, respectively. Other findings of mass balance analysis evidenced that besides the papermaking pulp, the lignin and HCs also have interesting output values. The recovered lignin yield values were shown to be less than 50% in general, meaning that even if 67 to 90% of it is removed from CSs, only about half is recovered. The removal rates of hemicelluloses were found to be in the range of approx. 30 to 60%. About 15 to 25% of the original HCs could be recovered, and polysaccharides-based products with 67 to 75% xylan content could be obtained. Some key opinions were developed regarding how the mass balance could turn as a result of the chosen CS valorization set-up. The determined antioxidant activity showed that both lignin and hemicelluloses had interesting values for IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgiana Bălușescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (C.D.B.)
| | | | - Mircea Teodor Nechita
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection “Cristofor Simionescu”, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050 Iaşi, Romania; (A.C.P.); (C.D.B.)
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Punia P, Singh L. Evaluation of free and immobilized cellulase on chitosan-modified magnetic nanoparticles for saccharification of sorghum residue. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:737-751. [PMID: 38607415 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis plays a pivotal role in transforming lignocellulosic biomass. Addressing alternate techniques to optimize the utilization of cellulolytic enzymes is one strategy to improve its efficiency and lower process costs. Cellulases are highly specific and environmentally benign biocatalysts that break down intricate polysaccharides into simple forms of sugars. In contrast to the most difficult and time-consuming enzyme immobilization processes, in this research, we studied simple, mild, and successful techniques for immobilization of pure cellulase on magnetic nanocomposites using glutaraldehyde as a linker and used in the application of sorghum residue biomass. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with chitosan from the co-precipitation method, which served as an enzyme carrier. The nanoparticles were observed under XRD, Zeta Potential, FESEM, VSM, and FTIR. The size morphology results presented that the Cs@Fe3O4 have 42.2 nm, while bare nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have 31.2 nm in size. The pure cellulase reaches to 98.07% of loading efficiency and 71.67% of recovery activity at optimal conditions. Moreover, immobilized enzyme's pH stability, thermostability, and temperature tolerance were investigated at suitable conditions. The kinetic parameters of free and immobilized enzyme were estimated as Vmax; 29 ± 1.51 and 27.03 ± 2.02 µmol min-1 mg-1, Km; 4.7 ± 0.49 mM and 2.569 ± 0.522 mM and Kcat; 0.13 s-1, and 0.89 s-1. Sorghum residue was subjected to 2% NaOH pre-treatment at 50 ℃. Pre-treated biomass contains cellulose of 64.8%, used as a raw material to evaluate the efficiency of reducing sugar during hydrolysis and saccharification of free and immobilized cellulase, which found maximum concentration of glucose 5.42 g/L and 5.12 g/L on 72 h. Thus, our study verifies the use of immobilized pure cellulase to successfully hydrolyze raw material, which is a significant advancement in lignocellulosic biorefineries and the reusability of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Punia
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Lakhvinder Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India.
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Senila L, Botiz I, Roman C, Simedru D, Dan M, Kacso I, Senila M, Todor-Boer O. Processing of Thin Films Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Biodegradable Polymers by Space-Confined Solvent Vapor Annealing and Morphological Characteristics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1685. [PMID: 38612198 PMCID: PMC11012654 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
L-poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), and poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate are biodegradable polymers that can be obtained from renewable biomass sources. The aim of this study was to develop three types of environmentally friendly film biocomposites of altered microstructure by combining each of the above-mentioned polymers with cellulose nanocrystal fillers and further processing the resulting materials via space-confined solvent vapor annealing. Cellulose was previously obtained from renewable biomass and further converted to cellulose nanocrystals by hydrolysis with the lactic acid. The solutions of biodegradable polymers were spin-coated onto solid substrates before and after the addition of cellulose nanocrystals. The obtained thin film composites were further processed via space-confined solvent vapor annealing to eventually favor their crystallization and, thus, to alter the final microstructure. Indeed, atomic force microscopy studies have revealed that the presence of cellulose nanocrystals within a biodegradable polymer matrix promoted the formation of large crystalline structures exhibiting fractal-, spherulitic- or needle-like morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorina Simedru
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Monica Dan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Kacso
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Otto Todor-Boer
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
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Saini R, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Chen CW, Piechota G, Dong CD. Sustainable production of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides from pineapple leaves: Impact of hydrothermal pretreatment and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130526. [PMID: 38437967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Globally, the demands for sustainably sourced functional foods like prebiotic oligosaccharides have been constantly increasing. This study assessed the potential of pineapple leaves (PL) as lignocellulosic feedstock for sustainable production of cellulose and hemicellulose-derived oligosaccharides through its hydrothermal pretreatment (HT) followed by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. PL was subjected to HT at 160, 175, and 190 °C for 20, 30, 60, and 90 min without any catalyst for xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production, whereas, the resulting solid content after HT was subjected to controlled enzymatic hydrolysis by commercial cellulase using conduritol B epoxide (0.5-5 mM) for glucooligosaccharides (GOS) production. HT at 160 °C for 60 min resulted in maximum yield of XOS and GOS at 23.7 and 18.3 %, respectively, in the liquid phase. Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of HT treated (160 °C) PL solids for 20 and 30 min yielded ∼ 174 mg cellobiose/g dry biomass within 24 h, indicating overall high oligosaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Saini
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157 Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157 Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 811213, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157 Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157 Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 811213, Taiwan
| | - Gregorz Piechota
- GPCHEM Laboratory of Biogas Research and Analysis, Toruń, Poland
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157 Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 811213, Taiwan.
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Adnane I, Taoumi H, Elouahabi K, Lahrech K, Oulmekki A. Valorization of crop residues and animal wastes: Anaerobic co-digestion technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26440. [PMID: 38439870 PMCID: PMC10909651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To switch the over-reliance on fossil-based resources, curb environmental quality deterioration, and promote the use of renewable fuels, much attention has recently been directed toward the implementation of sustainable and environmentally benign 'waste-to-energy' technology exploiting a clean, inexhaustible, carbon-neutral, and renewable energy source, namely agricultural biomass. From this perspective, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) technology emerges as a potent and plausible approach to attain sustainable energy development, foster environmental sustainability, and, most importantly, circumvent the key challenges associated with mono-digestion. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of AcoD as a biochemical valorization pathway of crop residues and livestock manure for biogas production. Furthermore, this manuscript aims to assess the different biotic and abiotic parameters affecting co-digestion efficiency and present recent advancements in pretreatment technologies designed to enhance feedstock biodegradability and conversion rate. It can be concluded that the substantial quantities of crop residues and animal waste generated annually from agricultural practices represent valuable bioenergy resources that can contribute to meeting global targets for affordable renewable energy. Nevertheless, extensive and multidisciplinary research is needed to evolve the industrial-scale implementation of AcoD technology of livestock waste and crop residues, particularly when a pretreatment phase is included, and bridge the gap between small-scale studies and real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Adnane
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamza Taoumi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karim Elouahabi
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khadija Lahrech
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), ENSA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Oulmekki
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Rajeswari G, Kumar V, Jacob S. A concerted enzymatic de-structuring of lignocellulosic materials using a compost-derived microbial consortia favoring the consolidated pretreatment and bio-saccharification. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110393. [PMID: 38219439 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The robustness of microbial consortia isolated from compost habitat encompasses the complementary metabolism that aids in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) by division of labor across the symbionts. Composting of organic waste is deemed to be an efficient way of carbon recycling, where the syntrophic microbial population exerts a concerted action of lignin and polysaccharide (hemicellulose and cellulose) component of plant biomass. The potential of this interrelated microorganism could be enhanced through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with LCB for its desired functional capabilities. Therefore, in this study, microbial symbionts derived from organic compost was enriched on saw dust (SD) (woody biomass), aloe vera leaf rind (AVLR) (agro-industrial waste) and commercial filter paper (FP) (pure cellulose) through ALE under different conditions. Later, the efficacy of enriched consortium (EC) on consolidated pretreatment and bio-saccharification was determined based on substrate degradation, endo-enzymes profiling and fermentable sugar yield. Among the treatment sets, AVLR biomass treated with EC-5 has resulted in the higher degradation rate of lignin (47.01 ± 0.66%, w/w) and polysaccharides (45.87 ± 1.82%, w/w) with a total sugar yield of about 60.01 ± 4.24 mg/g. In addition, the extent of structural disintegration of substrate after EC-treatment was clearly deciphered by FTIR and XRD analysis. And the factors of Pearson correlation matrix reinforces the potency of EC-5 by exhibiting a strong positive correlation between AVLR degradation and the sugar release. Thus, a consortium based CBP could promote the feasibility of establishing a sustainable second generation biorefinery framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Rajeswari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang M, Long J, Zhao J, Li Z. Effect of alkali treatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid pretreated bamboo substrates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 396:130454. [PMID: 38360218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive separation and utilization of whole components of lignocellulosic materials has received extensive attention in present research. This study focused on the efficacy of alkali treatment for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose based on p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) pretreated bamboo substrate. The results showed that the cellulose to glucose conversion yield was 94.69 % under optimized conditions of 0.4 g NaOH/g, 160 °C and 4 h (soaked), which after only 6 h enzymatic hydrolysis time. Alkali lignin recovery was 88.51 %, with potential for conversion to lignin derivatives. The yield of hemicellulose in the pretreated filtrate was 51.85 % after the 4th cycling reuse of p-TsOH. This work has borrowed the advantages of p-TsOH pretreatment of depolymerized hemicellulose from bamboo, combined with a low-priced weak alkali secondary treatment method, which can be effectively applied to the co-production of lignin, xylooligosaccharide, xylose and glucose, and the whole process is green and economically sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixin Wang
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Juan Long
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jiayue Zhao
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.
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Bautista-Cruz A, Aquino-Bolaños T, Hernández-Canseco J, Quiñones-Aguilar EE. Cellulolytic Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural and Forest Soils: An Overview. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:102. [PMID: 38392320 PMCID: PMC10886624 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This review provides insights into cellulolytic bacteria present in global forest and agricultural soils over a period of 11 years. It delves into the study of soil-dwelling cellulolytic bacteria and the enzymes they produce, cellulases, which are crucial in both soil formation and the carbon cycle. Forests and agricultural activities are significant contributors to the production of lignocellulosic biomass. Forest ecosystems, which are key carbon sinks, contain 20-30% cellulose in their leaf litter. Concurrently, the agricultural sector generates approximately 998 million tons of lignocellulosic waste annually. Predominant genera include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Streptomyces in forests and Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Arthrobacter in agricultural soils. Selection of cellulolytic bacteria is based on their hydrolysis ability, using artificial cellulose media and dyes like Congo red or iodine for detection. Some studies also measure cellulolytic activity in vitro. Notably, bacterial cellulose hydrolysis capability may not align with their cellulolytic enzyme production. Enzymes such as GH1, GH3, GH5, GH6, GH8, GH9, GH10, GH12, GH26, GH44, GH45, GH48, GH51, GH74, GH124, and GH148 are crucial, particularly GH48 for crystalline cellulose degradation. Conversely, bacteria with GH5 and GH9 often fail to degrade crystalline cellulose. Accurate identification of cellulolytic bacteria necessitates comprehensive genomic analysis, supplemented by additional proteomic and transcriptomic techniques. Cellulases, known for degrading cellulose, are also significant in healthcare, food, textiles, bio-washing, bleaching, paper production, ink removal, and biotechnology, emphasizing the importance of discovering novel cellulolytic strains in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Bautista-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jessie Hernández-Canseco
- Doctoral Programme in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Hornos 1003, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Esmeralda Quiñones-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología de Biotecnología Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico
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Thoresen P, Delgado Vellosillo I, Lange H, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Furan Distribution as a Severity Indicator upon Organosolv Fractionation of Hardwood Sawdust through a Novel Ternary Solvent System. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:1666-1680. [PMID: 38303908 PMCID: PMC10828987 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Beech sawdust was treated with a ternary solvent system based on binary aqueous ethanol with partial substitution of ethanol by acetone at four different water contents (60, 50, 40, and 30%v/v). In addition to standard, i.e., noncatalyzed treatments, the application of inorganic acid in the form of 20 mm H2SO4 was evaluated. The various solvent systems were applied at 180 °C for 60 min. The obtained biomass fractions were characterized by standard biomass compositional methods, i.e., sugar monomer and oligomer contents, dehydration product contents of the aqueous product, and lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents in isolated solid fractions. More advanced analyses were performed on the lignin fractions, including quantitative 13C NMR analyses, 1H-13C HSQC analysis, size exclusion chromatography, and pyrolysis-GC/MS, and the aqueous product, in the form of size exclusion chromatography and determination of total phenol contents. The picture emerging from the thorough analytical investigation performed on the lignin fractions is consistent with that resulting from the characterization of the other fractions: results point toward greater deconstruction of the lignocellulosic recalcitrance upon higher organic solvent content, replacing ethanol with acetone during the extraction, and upon addition of mineral acid. A pulp with cellulose content of 94.23 wt % and 95% delignification was obtained for the treatment employing a 55/30/15 EtOH/water/acetone mixture alongside 20 mm H2SO4. Furthermore, the results indicate the formation of two types of organosolv furan families during treatment, which differ in the substitution of their C1 and C5. While the traditional lignin aryl-ether linkages present themselves as indicators for process severity for the nonacid catalyzed systems, the distribution of these furan types can be applied as a severity indicator upon employment of H2SO4, including their presence in the isolated lignin fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter
Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Irene Delgado Vellosillo
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NBFC
− National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical
Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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12
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Addison B, Bu L, Bharadwaj V, Crowley MF, Harman-Ware AE, Crowley MF, Bomble YJ, Ciesielski PN. Atomistic, macromolecular model of the Populus secondary cell wall informed by solid-state NMR. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7965. [PMID: 38170770 PMCID: PMC10776008 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary cell walls (SCWs) are composed of a heterogeneous interplay of three major biopolymers: cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Details regarding specific intermolecular interactions and higher-order architecture of the SCW superstructure remain ambiguous. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements to infer refined details about the structural configuration, intermolecular interactions, and relative proximity of all three major biopolymers within air-dried Populus wood. To enhance the utility of these findings and enable evaluation of hypotheses in a physics-based environment in silico, the NMR observables are articulated into an atomistic, macromolecular model for biopolymer assemblies within the plant SCW. Through molecular dynamics simulation, we quantitatively evaluate several variations of atomistic models to determine structural details that are corroborated by ssNMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Addison
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Lintao Bu
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Vivek Bharadwaj
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Meagan F. Crowley
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Chemistry Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Michael F. Crowley
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Yannick J. Bomble
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Peter N. Ciesielski
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
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13
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Guo J, Li J, Liu D, Xu Y. Insight into key obstacles and technological strategy for enzymatic digestion of full cellulose fraction from poplar sawdust. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129994. [PMID: 37944623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass mainly consists of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose, which differently affect the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose. As for the typical representative for inert woody biomass, three components of cellulose were proposed conceptually for poplar sawdust, i.e., active cellulose, inert cellulose, and resistant cellulose. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, hydrogen peroxide-sulfuric acid delignification, and sulfuric acid-assisted glycerol swelling were, respectively, proven to break the three obstacle mechanisms that affect the cellulase of poplar. The removal of key obstacles improved the cellulase digestibility of poplar enzyme-hydrolyzed residues by 188.7 %, and glucose yield increased from 34.6 % to 99.9 %. Therefore, a total of 39.5 g glucose was obtained from 100 g poplar sawdust by integrating the above three technologies. This work presented insight into and removed the key obstacles to enzymatic digestibility of poplar cellulose and developed an integrated technology to effectively convert full cellulose fraction to glucose from woody biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dylan Liu
- Food Science and Sustainability, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Vardhan H, Sasamal S, Mohanty K. Xylitol Production by Candida tropicalis from Areca Nut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Crystallization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7298-7321. [PMID: 36995656 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are extensively used by researchers to produce a variety of renewable bioproducts. This research described an environment-friendly technique of xylitol production by an adapted strain of Candida tropicalis from areca nut hemicellulosic hydrolysate, produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. To enhance the activity of xylanase enzymes, lime and acid pretreatment was conducted to make biomass more amenable for saccharification. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, saccharification parameters like xylanase enzyme loading were varied. Results exposed that the highest yield (g/g) of reducing sugar, about 90%, 83%, and 15%, were achieved for acid-treated husk (ATH), lime-treated husk (LTH), and raw husk (RH) at an enzyme loading of 15.0 IU/g. Hydrolysis was conducted at a substrate loading of 2% (w/V) at 30 °C, 100 rpm agitation, for 12 h hydrolysis time at pH 4.5 to 5.0. Subsequently, fermentation of xylose-rich hemicellulose hydrolysate was conducted with pentose utilizing the yeast Candida tropicalis to produce xylitol. The optimum concentration of xylitol was obtained at about 2.47 g/L, 3.83 g/L, and 5.88 g/L, with yields of approximately 71.02%, 76.78%, and 79.68% for raw fermentative hydrolysate (RFH), acid-treated fermentative hydrolysate (ATFH), and lime-treated fermentative gydrolysate (LTFH), respectively. Purification and crystallization were also conducted to separate xylitol crystals, followed by characterization like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results obtained from crystallization were auspicious, and about 85% pure xylitol crystal was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Soumya Sasamal
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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15
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Li Z, Samonte PRV, Cao H, Miesel JR, Xu W. Assess the formation of disinfection by-products from pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM): impact of wildfire on the water quality of forest watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165496. [PMID: 37451447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires can release pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) into the forest watershed, which may pose challenges for water treatment operations downstream due to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we systematically assessed the physio-chemical properties of pyDOM (e.g., electron-donating and -accepting capacities; EDC and EAC) and their contributions to DBP formation under different disinfection scenarios using (1) ten lab samples produced from various feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures, and (2) pre- and post-fire field samples with different burning severities. A comprehensive suite of DBPs-four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAAs), and seven N-nitrosamines-were included. The formations of THM and HAA showed an up to 5.7- and 8.9-fold decrease as the pyrolysis temperature increased, while the formation of N-nitrosamines exhibited an up to 6.6-fold increase for the laboratory-derived pyDOM. These results were supported by field pyDOM samples, where the post-fire samples consistently showed a higher level of N-nitrosamine formation (i.e., up to 5.3-fold), but lower THMs and HAAs compared to the pre-fire samples. To mimic environmental reducing conditions, two field samples were further reduced electrochemically and compared with Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) to evaluate their DBP formation. We found increased DBP formation in pyDOM samples following electrochemical reduction but not for SRNOM, which showed increased N-nitrosamines but decreased THMs and HAAs post-electrochemical reduction. Furthermore, this study reported for the first time the formation of two previously overlooked N-nitrosamines (i.e., nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA)) in both laboratory and field pyDOM samples, raising concerns for drinking water safety given their higher toxicity as compared to the regulated counterparts. Results from this study provide new insights for DBP mitigation during post-fire recovery, which are particularly relevant to communities that rely on forest watersheds as their drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
| | - Pamela Rose V Samonte
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America
| | - Jessica R Miesel
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 220 Trowbridge Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States of America.
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16
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Srivastava V, Lappalainen K, Rusanen A, Morales G, Lassi U. Current Status and Challenges for Metal-Organic-Framework-Assisted Conversion of Biomass into Value-Added Chemicals. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300309. [PMID: 37779099 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the abundance of availability, low cost, and environmental-friendliness, biomass waste could serve as a prospective renewable source for value-added chemicals. Nevertheless, biomass conversion into chemicals is quite challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of biomass waste. Biomass-derived chemicals are appealing sustainable solutions that can reduce the dependency on existing petroleum-based production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based catalysts and their composite materials have attracted considerable amounts of interest in biomass conversion applications recently because of their interesting physical and chemical characteristics. Due to their tunability, the catalytic activity and selectivity of MOF-based catalyst/composite materials can be tailored by functionalizing them with a variety of functional groups to enhance biomass conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals by employing MOF-based catalyst/composite materials. The main focus is given to the production of the platform chemicals HMF and Furfural from the corresponding (hemi)cellulosic biomass, due to their versatility as intermediates for the production of various biobased chemicals and fuels. The effects of different experimental parameters on the conversion of biomass by MOF-based catalysts are also included. Finally, current challenges and perspectives of biomass conversion into chemicals by MOF-based catalysts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katja Lappalainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annu Rusanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gabriel Morales
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán s-n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulla Lassi
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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17
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Pasari N, Gupta M, Sinha T, Ogunmolu FE, Yazdani SS. Systematic identification of CAZymes and transcription factors in the hypercellulolytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum NCIM1228 involved in lignocellulosic biomass degradation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:150. [PMID: 37794424 PMCID: PMC10552389 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penicillium funiculosum NCIM1228 is a filamentous fungus that was identified in our laboratory to have high cellulolytic activity. Analysis of its secretome suggested that it responds to different carbon substrates by secreting specific enzymes capable of digesting those substrates. This phenomenon indicated the presence of a regulatory system guiding the expression of these hydrolyzing enzymes. Since transcription factors (TFs) are the key players in regulating the expression of enzymes, this study aimed first to identify the complete repertoire of Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) and TFs coded in its genome. The regulation of CAZymes was then analysed by studying the expression pattern of these CAZymes and TFs in different carbon substrates-Avicel (cellulosic substrate), wheat bran (WB; hemicellulosic substrate), Avicel + wheat bran, pre-treated wheat straw (a potential substrate for lignocellulosic ethanol), and glucose (control). RESULTS The P. funiculosum NCIM1228 genome was sequenced, and 10,739 genes were identified in its genome. These genes included a total of 298 CAZymes and 451 TF coding genes. A distinct expression pattern of the CAZymes was observed in different carbon substrates tested. Core cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes were highly expressed in the presence of Avicel, while pre-treated wheat straw and Avicel + wheat bran induced a mixture of CAZymes because of their heterogeneous nature. Wheat bran mainly induced hemicellulases, and the least number of CAZymes were expressed in glucose. TFs also exhibited distinct expression patterns in each of the carbon substrates. Though most of these TFs have not been functionally characterized before, homologs of NosA, Fcr1, and ATF21, which have been known to be involved in fruiting body development, protein secretion and stress response, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the P. funiculosum NCIM1228 genome was sequenced, and the CAZymes and TFs present in its genome were annotated. The expression of the CAZymes and TFs in response to various polymeric sugars present in the lignocellulosic biomass was identified. This work thus provides a comprehensive mapping of transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulating the production of biomass hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Pasari
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Sinha
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Funso Emmanuel Ogunmolu
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shams Yazdani
- Microbial Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
- DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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18
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Cao L, Xue D, Liu X, Wang C, Fang D, Zhang J, Gong C. Ferulic acid production from wheat bran by integration of enzymatic pretreatment and a cold-adapted carboxylesterase catalysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129435. [PMID: 37399964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
High-value chemical production from natural lignocellulose transformation is a reliable waste utilization approach. A gene encoding cold-adapted carboxylesterase in Arthrobacter soli Em07 was identified. The gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a carboxylesterase enzyme with a molecular weight of 37.2 KDa. The activity of the enzyme was determined using α-naphthyl acetate as substrate. Results showed that the optimum enzyme activity of carboxylesterase was at 10 °C and pH 7.0. It was also found that the enzyme could degrade 20 mg enzymatic pretreated de-starched wheat bran (DSWB) to produce 235.8 μg of ferulic acid under the same conditions, which was 5.6 times more than the control. Compared to the chemical strategy, enzymatic pretreatment is advantageous because it is environmentally friendly, and the by-products can be easily treated. Therefore, this strategy provides an effective method for high-value utilization of biomass waste in agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Xue
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Xiaoji Liu
- CECEP (Feixi) WTE CO., LTD. Hefei 230001, PR China
| | - Chongju Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Donglai Fang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Chunjie Gong
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China.
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19
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Yao L, Chai Chai M, Cui P, Geun Yoo C, Yuan J, Meng X, Yang H. Mechanism of enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis performance by ethanol assisted deep eutectic solvent pretreatment- from the perspective of lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129461. [PMID: 37423545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulose has received a lot of attention due to the abundance of lignocellulosics. It was showed that synergistic carbohydrate conversion and delignification could be achieved via ethanol assisted DES (choline chloride/lactic acid) pretreatment. To explore the reaction mechanism of lignin in the DES, milled wood lignin obtained from Broussonetia papyrifera was subjected to pretreatment at critical temperatures. The results suggested that ethanol assistance could contribute the incorporation of ethyl groups and reduce condensation structures of Hibbert's ketone. Adding ethanol at 150 °C not only decreased formation of condensed G unit (from 7.23% to 0.87%), but also removed J and S' substructures, thus effectively reducing the adsorption of lignin on cellulase, and promoting the glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Mengzhen Chai Chai
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Pingping Cui
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jie Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Haitao Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China.
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20
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Xu Y, Liu YH, Xu LH, He YT, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Enhancing saccharification of bamboo shoot shells by rapid one-pot pretreatment of hydrated deep eutectic solvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129090. [PMID: 37105263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a rapid one-pot hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment was proposed to facilitate the conversion of carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides. Specifically, the pure and hydrated DES based on benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC), formic acid (FA) and water was used to pretreat bamboo shoot shells (BSS) by microwave heating. The pretreated solid residues were enzymatically saccharified to produce fermentable sugars, and the hydrolyzed carbohydrates and lignin remained in the hydrolyzate. The results showed that the yield of monosaccharides from the hydrated DES hydrolyzate (193.7-228.4 g/kg) was significantly higher than that (45.9-66.1 g/kg) of pure DES. The 30% hydrated DES pretreatment achieved the best glucose yield (89.03%) and a total monosaccharides yield of 555.4 g/kg, which corresponded to a conversion ratio of carbohydrates to monosaccharides of 87.0%. The proposed process is a robust method for the efficiently convert carbohydrates from BSS into monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi-Hui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ling-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu-Tong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Zeng G, Zhang L, Qi B, Luo J, Wan Y. Cellulose esterification with carboxylic acid in deep eutectic solvent pretreatment inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129085. [PMID: 37100297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Avicel cellulose was pretreated using two commonly used carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents, i.e., choline chloride-lactic acid and choline chloride-formic acid. The pretreatment process resulted in the formation of cellulose esters with lactic acid and formic acid, which was confirmed by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Surprisingly, the esterified cellulose led to a significant decrease in the 48-h enzymatic glucose yield (≥75%) compared to raw Avicel cellulose. Analysis of changes in cellulose properties caused by pretreatment, including crystallinity, degree of polymerization, particle size and cellulose accessibility, contradicted the observed decline in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. However, removing the ester groups through saponification largely recovered the reduction in cellulose conversion. The decreased enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis by esterification may be attributed to changes in the interaction between cellulose-binding domain of cellulase and cellulose. These findings provide valuable insights into improving the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass pretreated by carboxylic acid-based DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Zeng
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Benkun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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22
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Xu LH, Ma CY, Wang PF, Xu Y, Shen XJ, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Conversion of control and genetically-modified poplar into multi-scale products using integrated pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129415. [PMID: 37390929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a green and robust pretreatment which integrated acetic acid-catalyzed hydrothermal and wet mechanical pretreatment, was developed to efficiently produce high yield (up to 40.12%) of xylooligosaccharides and digestible substrates from Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase down-regulated and control poplar wood. Subsequently, superhigh yield (more than 95%) of glucose and residual lignin were obtained after a moderate enzymatic hydrolysis. The residual lignin fraction exhibited a well-preserved β-O-4 linkages (42.06/100Ar) and high S/G ratio (6.42). Subsequently, lignin-derived porous carbon was successfully synthesized, and it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 273.8F g-1 at 1.0 A/g and long cycling stability (remained 98.5% after 10,000 cycles at 5.0 A/g) as compared to control poplar wood, demonstrating that special advantage of this genetically-modified poplar in this integrated process. This work developed an energy-saving and eco-friendly pretreatment technology as a waste-free route for converting different lignocellulosic biomass to multiple products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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23
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de Souza WR, Mitchell RA, Cesarino I. Editorial: The plant cell wall: advances and current perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1235749. [PMID: 37426983 PMCID: PMC10325644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1235749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Kumar V, Fox BG, Takasuka TE. Consolidated bioprocessing of plant biomass to polyhydroxyalkanoate by co-culture of Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E and Priestia megaterium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128934. [PMID: 36940873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production from plant biomass is an ideal way to realize sustainable PHA-based bioplastic. The present study demonstrated consolidated bioconversion of plant biomass to PHA by co-culturing two specialized bacteria, cellulolytic Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E and PHA producing Priestia megaterium. In monoculture, S. sp. SirexAA-E does not produce PHA, while P. megaterium did not grow on plant polysaccharides. The co-culture showed poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production using purified polysaccharides, including cellulose, xylan, mannan and their combinations, and plant biomass (Miscanthus, corn stalk and corn leaves) as sole carbon sources, confirmed by GC-MS. The co-culture inoculated with 1:4 (v/v) ratio of S. sp. SirexAA-E to P. megaterium produced 40 mg PHB/g Miscanthus using 0.5% biomass loading. Realtime PCR showed ∼85% S. sp. SirexAA-E and ∼15% P. megaterium in the co-culture. Thus, this study provides a concept of proof for one-pot bioconversion of plant biomass into PHB without separate saccharification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Brian G Fox
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; US-DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taichi E Takasuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Global Station for Food, Land and Water Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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25
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Olatunji KO, Madyira DM. Effect of acidic pretreatment on the microstructural arrangement and anaerobic digestion of Arachis hypogea shells; and process parameters optimization using response surface methodology. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15145. [PMID: 37095976 PMCID: PMC10121849 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose feedstocks has been observed as the rate-limiting stage during anaerobic digestion. This necessitated the need for pretreatment before anaerobic digestion for an effective and efficient process. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of acidic pretreatment on Arachis hypogea shells, and different conditions of H2SO4 concentration, exposure time, and autoclave temperature were considered. The substrates were digested for 35 days at a mesophilic temperature to assess the impact of pretreatment on the microstructural organization of the substrate. For the purpose of examining the interactive correlations between the input parameters, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. The result reveals that acidic pretreatment has the strength to disrupt the recalcitrance features of Arachis hypogea shells and make them accessible for microorganisms' activities during anaerobic digestion. In this context, H2SO4 with 0.5% v. v-1 for 15 min at an autoclave temperature of 90 °C increases the cumulative biogas and methane released by 13 and 178%, respectively. The model's coefficient of determination (R2) demonstrated that RSM could model the process. Therefore, acidic pretreatment poses a novel means of total energy recovery from lignocellulose feedstock and can be investigated at the industrial scale.
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26
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Qiao H, Wang Y, Ma Z, Han M, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. In-depth investigation of formic acid pretreatment for various biomasses: Chemical properties, structural features, and enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128747. [PMID: 36804857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid pretreatment is a promising approach for fractionating biomass, and it has the advantages of efficient recycling and removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Biomass is one of the most plentiful resources on earth, yet its chemical structure differs significantly between woody and herbaceous biomass. The influence of formic acid pretreatment on the fractionation of woody and herbaceous biomasses, as well as changes in physical-chemical properties, was investigated in this study. The results indicated that formic acid is universal in the biorefinery of different biomass, however, herbaceous biomass had greater xylan and lignin removal than woody biomass (especially softwood). Formic acid pretreatment not only considerably improved the enzymatic efficiency of herbaceous biomass, but also had a good effect on the enzymatic efficiency of poplar. This study also found that the correlation between residual xylan content and enzymatic efficiency after pretreatment was much higher than that of lignin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Audibert E, Lebas B, Spriet C, Habrant A, Chabbert B, Paës G. Automated quantification of fluorescence and morphological changes in pretreated wood cells by fluorescence macroscopy. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:16. [PMID: 36793137 PMCID: PMC9933311 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-00991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex network of polysaccharides and lignin that requires a pretreatment step to overcome recalcitrance and optimize valorisation into biobased products. Pretreatment of biomass induces chemical and morphological changes. Quantification of these changes is critical to understand biomass recalcitrance and to predict lignocellulose reactivity. In this study, we propose an automated method for the quantification of chemical and morphological parameters through fluorescence macroscopy, which was applied on wood samples (spruce, beechwood) pretreated with steam explosion. RESULTS Results in fluorescence macroscopy highlighted the impact of steam explosion on spruce and beechwood: fluorescence intensity of samples was highly altered, especially for the most severe conditions. Morphological changes were also revealed: shrinkage of cells and deformation of cell walls manifested as the loss of rectangularity or circular shape, for tracheids in spruce and vessels in beechwood respectively. Quantification of fluorescence intensity of cell walls and quantification of morphological parameters related to cell lumens were carried out accurately by applying the automated method onto the macroscopic images. The results showed that lumens area and circularity could be considered as complementary markers of cell deformation, and that fluorescence intensity of the cell walls could be related to morphological changes and to the conditions of pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS The developed procedure allows simultaneous and effective quantification of morphological parameters and fluorescence intensity of the cell walls. This approach can be applied to fluorescence macroscopy as well as other imaging techniques and provides encouraging results towards the understanding of biomass architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Audibert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France
| | - Berangère Lebas
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France
| | - Corentin Spriet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Anouck Habrant
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France.
| | - Gabriel Paës
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Reims, France.
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28
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Applications of ionic liquids for the biochemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and biochemicals: A critical review. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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29
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Risanto L, Adi DTN, Fajriutami T, Teramura H, Fatriasari W, Hermiati E, Kahar P, Kondo A, Ogino C. Pretreatment with dilute maleic acid enhances the enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse and oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128382. [PMID: 36423754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is resistant to degradation and requires pretreatment before hydrolytic enzymes can release fermentable sugars. Sulfuric acid has been widely used for biomass pretreatment, but high amount of degradation products usually occurred when using this method. To enhance accessibility to cellulose, we studied the performances of several dilute organic acid pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse and oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber. The results revealed that pretreatment with maleic acid yields the highest xylose and glucose release among other organic acids. The effects of concentration, duration of heating and heating temperature were further studied. Dilute maleic acid 1 % (w/w) pretreatment at 180 °C was the key to its viability as a substitute for sulfuric acid. Moreover, maleic acid did not seem to highly promote the formation of either furfural or 5-HMF in the liquid hydrolysate after pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Risanto
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Deddy Triyono Nugroho Adi
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Triyani Fajriutami
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Euis Hermiati
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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30
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A New Insight into the Composition and Physical Characteristics of Corncob—Substantiating Its Potential for Tailored Biorefinery Objectives. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Corncobs of four different corn varieties were physically segregated into two different anatomical portions, namely the corncob outer (CO) and corncob pith (CP). The biomass composition analysis of both the CO and CP was performed by four different methods. The CP showed a higher carbohydrate and lower lignin content (83.32% and 13.58%, respectively) compared with the CO (79.93% and 17.12%, respectively) in all of the methods. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was observed to be higher in the CP (1.34) than in the CO (1.28). The comprehensive physical characterization of both samples substantiated the lower crystallinity and lower thermal stability that was observed in the CP compared to the CO. These properties make the CP more susceptible to glycanases, as evident from the enzymatic saccharification of CP carried out with a commercial cellulase and xylanase in this work. The yields obtained were 70.57% and 88.70% of the respective theoretical yields and were found to be equal to that of pure cellulose and xylan substrates. These results support the feasibility of the tailored valorization of corncob anatomical portions, such as enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides from CP without pretreatment combined with the bioethanol production from pretreated CO to achieve an economical biorefinery output from corncob feedstock.
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31
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Besaury L, Bocquart M, Rémond C. Isolation of Saccharibacillus WB17 strain from wheat bran phyllosphere and genomic insight into the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic complex of the Saccharibacillus genus. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1829-1842. [PMID: 36040685 PMCID: PMC9679120 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms living on the phyllosphere (the aerial part of the plants) are in contact with the lignocellulosic plant cell wall and might have a lignocellulolytic potential. We isolated a Saccharibacillus strain (Saccharibacillus WB17) from wheat bran phyllosphere and its cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic potential was investigated during growth onto wheat bran. Five other type strains from that genus selected from databases were also cultivated onto wheat bran and glucose. Studying the chemical composition of wheat bran residues by FTIR after growth of the six strains showed an important attack of the stretching C-O vibrations assigned to polysaccharides for all the strains, whereas the C = O bond/esterified carboxyl groups were not impacted. The genomic content of the strains showed that they harbored several CAZymes (comprised between 196 and 276) and possessed four of the fifth modules reflecting the presence of a high diversity of enzymes families. Xylanase and amylase activities were the most active enzymes with values reaching more than 4746 ± 1400 mIU/mg protein for the xylanase activity in case of Saccharibacillus deserti KCTC 33693 T and 452 ± 110 mIU/mg protein for the amylase activity of Saccharibacillus WB17. The total enzymatic activities obtained was not correlated to the total abundance of CAZyme along that genus. The Saccharibacillus strains harbor also some promising proteins in the GH30 and GH109 modules with potential arabinofuranosidase and oxidoreductase activities. Overall, the genus Saccharibacillus and more specifically the Saccharibacillus WB17 strain represent biological tools of interest for further biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Besaury
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France.
| | - Mathilde Bocquart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097, Reims, France
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32
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Honarmandrad Z, Kucharska K, Gębicki J. Processing of Biomass Prior to Hydrogen Fermentation and Post-Fermentative Broth Management. Molecules 2022; 27:7658. [PMID: 36364485 PMCID: PMC9658980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using bioconversion and simultaneous value-added product generation requires purification of the gaseous and the liquid streams before, during, and after the bioconversion process. The effect of diversified process parameters on the efficiency of biohydrogen generation via biological processes is a broad object of research. Biomass-based raw materials are often applied in investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using dark fermentation and photo fermentation microorganisms. The literature lacks information regarding model mixtures of lignocellulose and starch-based biomass, while the research is carried out based on a single type of raw material. The utilization of lignocellulosic and starch biomasses as the substrates for bioconversion processes requires the decomposition of lignocellulosic polymers into hexoses and pentoses. Among the components of lignocelluloses, mainly lignin is responsible for biomass recalcitrance. The natural carbohydrate-lignin shields must be disrupted to enable lignin removal before biomass hydrolysis and fermentation. The matrix of chemical compounds resulting from this kind of pretreatment may significantly affect the efficiency of biotransformation processes. Therefore, the actual state of knowledge on the factors affecting the culture of dark fermentation and photo fermentation microorganisms and their adaptation to fermentation of hydrolysates obtained from biomass requires to be monitored and a state of the art regarding this topic shall become a contribution to the field of bioconversion processes and the management of liquid streams after fermentation. The future research direction should be recognized as striving to simplification of the procedure, applying the assumptions of the circular economy and the responsible generation of liquid and gas streams that can be used and purified without large energy expenditure. The optimization of pre-treatment steps is crucial for the latter stages of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Kucharska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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33
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Fermentation process optimisation based on ANN and RSM for xylitol production from areca nut husk followed by xylitol crystal characterisation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Effects of Solid-State Fermentation Pretreatment with Single or Dual Culture White Rot Fungi on White Tea Residue Nutrients and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation of agricultural by-products by white rot fungi is a research hotspot in the development of ruminant feed resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the nutritional value and rumen fermentation properties of white tea residue fermented at different times, using single and dual culture white rot fungal species. Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium + Pleurotus ostreatus (dual culture) solid-state fermented white tea residue was used for 4 weeks, respectively. The crude protein content increased significantly in all treatment groups after 4 weeks. Total extractable tannin content was significantly decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.01). P. chrysosporium and dual culture significantly reduced lignin content at 1 week. The content of NH3-N increased in each treatment group (p < 0.05). P. chrysosporium treatment can reduce the ratio of acetic to propionic and improve digestibility. Solid state fermentation of white tea residue for 1 week using P. chrysosporium was the most desirable.
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35
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Pal P, Li H, Saravanamurugan S. Removal of lignin and silica from rice straw for enhanced accessibility of holocellulose for the production of high-value chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127661. [PMID: 35872278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intricate nature and rigidity of rice straw, particularly the presence of lignin and silica, hinders the catalytic valorization, consequently decreasing the yield of target products. This study reports the concurrent removal of lignin and silica from rice straw to obtain enriched holocellulose, then transforming it to furfural (FUR) and levulinic acid (LA). Interestingly, rice straw in the form of powder displays an improved removal of lignin (51.0%) and silica (92.0%) during ammonia treatment. Encouragingly, adding organic solvents, such as THF, to the aqueous system during the pretreatment of rice straw improves the lignin removal to 60.0%. Upon improving lignin removal to 60%, the obtained holocellulose enriched solid residue yields 71.0% FUR along with 52.0% LA, which is 8 and 4-fold higher than what is obtained with parent rice straw, signifying the importance and the prerequisite of lignin and silica removal from rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pal
- Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan
- Laboratory of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector 81 (Knowledge City), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Zhai R, Hu J, Jin M. Towards efficient enzymatic saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose: Enzyme inhibition by lignin-derived phenolics and recent trends in mitigation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108044. [PMID: 36152893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biorefinery based on its sugar-platform has been considered as an efficient strategy to replace fossil fuel-based refinery. In the bioconversion process, pretreatment is an essential step to firstly open up lignocellulose cell wall structure and enhance the accessibility of carbohydrates to hydrolytic enzymes. However, various lignin and/or carbohydrates degradation products (e.g. phenolics, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural) also generated during pretreatment, which severely inhibit the following enzymatic hydrolysis and the downstream fermentation process. Among them, the lignin derived phenolics have been considered as the most inhibitory compounds and their inhibitory effects are highly dependent on the source of biomass and the type of pretreatment strategy. Although liquid-solid separation and subsequent washing can remove the lignin derived phenolics and other inhibitors, this is undesirable in the realistic industrial application where the whole slurry of pretreated biomass need to be directly used in the hydrolysis process. This review summarizes the phenolics formation mechanism for various commonly applied pretreatment methods and discusses the key factors that affect the inhibitory effect of phenolics on cellulose hydrolysis. In addition, the recent achievements on the rational design of inhibition mitigation strategies to boost cellulose hydrolysis for sugar-platform biorefinery are also introduced. This review also provides guidance for rational design detoxification strategies to facilitate whole slurry hydrolysis which helps to realize the industrialization of lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Lin X, Jiang K, Liu X, Han D, Zhang Q. Review on development of ionic liquids in lignocellulosic biomass refining. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Garrido MM, Piccinni FE, Landoni M, Peña MJ, Topalian J, Couto A, Wirth SA, Urbanowicz BR, Campos E. Insights into the xylan degradation system of Cellulomonas sp. B6: biochemical characterization of rCsXyn10A and rCsAbf62A. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5035-5049. [PMID: 35799069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Valorization of the hemicellulose fraction of plant biomass is crucial for the sustainability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. The Cellulomonas genus comprises Gram-positive Actinobacteria that degrade cellulose and other polysaccharides by secreting a complex array of enzymes. In this work, we studied the specificity and synergy of two enzymes, CsXyn10A and CsAbf62A, which were identified as highly abundant in the extracellular proteome of Cellulomonas sp. B6 when grown on wheat bran. To explore their potential for bioprocessing, the recombinant enzymes were expressed and their activities were thoroughly characterized. rCsXyn10A is a GH10 endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), active across a broad pH range (5 to 9), at temperatures up to 55 °C. rCsAbf62A is an α-L-arabinofuranosidase (ABF) (EC 3.2.1.55) that specifically removes α-1,2 and α-1,3-L-arabinosyl substituents from arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS), xylan, and arabinan backbones, but it cannot act on double-substituted residues. It also has activity on pNPA. No differences were observed regarding activity when CsAbf62A was expressed with its appended CBM13 module or only the catalytic domain. The amount of xylobiose released from either wheat arabinoxylan or arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides increased significantly when rCsXyn10A was supplemented with rCsAbf62A, indicating that the removal of arabinosyl residues by rCsAbf62A improved rCsXyn10A accessibility to β-1,4-xylose linkages, but no synergism was observed in the deconstruction of wheat bran. These results contribute to designing tailor-made, substrate-specific, enzymatic cocktails for xylan valorization. KEY POINTS: • rCsAbf62A removes α-1,2 and α-1,3-L-arabinosyl substituents from arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides, xylan, and arabinan backbones. • The appended CBM13 of rCsAbf62A did not affect the specific activity of the enzyme. • Supplementation of rCsXyn10A with rCsAbf62A improves the degradation of AXOS and xylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes María Garrido
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- CONICET, Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N (1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, DFBMC- FCEN and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Elizabeth Piccinni
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- CONICET, Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N (1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, DFBMC- FCEN and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Landoni
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)- CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEN- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jesús Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Juliana Topalian
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- CONICET, Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N (1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Couto
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR)- CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, FCEN- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Alejandra Wirth
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, DFBMC- FCEN and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA) CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EG, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Breeanna Rae Urbanowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eleonora Campos
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- CONICET, Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N (1686), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lai C, Yang C, Jia Y, Xu X, Wang K, Yong Q. Lignin fractionation to realize the comprehensive elucidation of structure-inhibition relationship of lignins in enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127255. [PMID: 35526719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the relationship between lignin structures and their inhibitory effects in enzymatic saccharification would facilitate the development of lignocellulose biorefinery process. However, the heterogeneity of lignins challenges the elucidation of lignin structure-inhibition correlation. In this study, two types of lignin fractions including ethanol soluble lignins and ethanol insoluble lignins were respectively isolated from the poplars pretreated with various severities. The impacts of pretreatment severities on the structural changes of lignin fractions were studied from the perspective of inter-units linkages, condensed aromatic substructure, and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, it was observed that lignin addition strongly inhibited the enzymatic saccharification of pure cellulose by 13.3 ∼ 56.3%. Lignin inhibition extents were increased with the elevated pretreatment severity. The relationships between the lignin structural features and lignin inhibition were analyzed, which revealed that the contents of condensed aromatic units and phenolic hydroxyl were crucial factors determining the lignin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Chundong Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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40
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Erdal NB, Hakkarainen M. Degradation of Cellulose Derivatives in Laboratory, Man-Made, and Natural Environments. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2713-2729. [PMID: 35763720 PMCID: PMC9277587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers complement recyclable materials in battling plastic waste because some products are difficult to recycle and some will end up in the environment either because of their application or due to wear of the products. Natural biopolymers, such as cellulose, are inherently biodegradable, but chemical modification typically required for the obtainment of thermoplastic properties, solubility, or other desired material properties can hinder or even prevent the biodegradation process. This Review summarizes current knowledge on the degradation of common cellulose derivatives in different laboratory, natural, and man-made environments. Depending on the environment, the degradation can be solely biodegradation or a combination of several processes, such as chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, photodegradation, and oxidation. It is clear that the type of modification and especially the degree of substitution are important factors controlling the degradation process of cellulose derivatives in combination with the degradation environment. The big variation of conditions in different environments is also briefly considered as well as the importance of the proper testing environment, characterization of the degradation process, and confirmation of biodegradability. To ensure full sustainability of the new cellulose derivatives under development, the expected end-of-life scenario, whether material recycling or "biological" recycling, should be included as an important design parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla B Erdal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, FibRe - Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, FibRe - Centre for Lignocellulose-based Thermoplastics, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Gupta M, Savla N, Pandit C, Pandit S, Gupta PK, Pant M, Khilari S, Kumar Y, Agarwal D, Nair RR, Thomas D, Thakur VK. Use of biomass-derived biochar in wastewater treatment and power production: A promising solution for a sustainable environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153892. [PMID: 35181360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we are witnessing the advent of a revolutionary bioengineering technology in biochar production and its application in waste treatment and an important component in power generation devices. Biochar is a solid product, highly rich in carbon, whose adsorption properties are ideal for wastewater decontamination. Due to its high specific surface area to volume ratio, it can be utilized for many environmental applications. It has diverse applications in various fields. This review focuses on its various applications in wastewater treatment to remove various pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, organic compounds, and pesticides. This review also highlights several energy-based applications in batteries, supercapacitors, and microbial fuel cells. It described information about the different feedstock materials to produce LB-derived biochar, the various conditions for the production process, i.e., pyrolysis and the modification methods of biochar for improving properties required for wastewater treatment. The present review helps the readers understand the importance of biochar in wastewater treatment and its application in power generation in terms of batteries, supercapacitors, microbial fuel cells, applications in fuel production, pollutant and dye removal, particularly the latest development on using LB-derived biochar. This review also highlights the economic and environmental sustainability along with the commercialization of biochar plants. It also describes various pyrolytic reactors utilized for biochar production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Gupta
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Nishit Savla
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Chetan Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Soumya Pandit
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Manu Pant
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Santimoy Khilari
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, C.G, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Daksh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Remya R Nair
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Dessy Thomas
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai 410206, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
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Gong WH, Zhang C, He JW, Gao YY, Li YJ, Zhu MQ, Wen JL. A synergistic hydrothermal-deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatment for acquiring xylooligosaccharides and lignin nanoparticles from Eucommia ulmoides wood. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:188-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Structural elucidation and targeted valorization of poplar lignin from the synergistic hydrothermal-deep eutectic solvent pretreatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1882-1892. [PMID: 35489620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the structural variations of lignin during the pretreatment is very important for lignin valorization. Herein, poplar wood was pretreated with an integrated process, which was composed of AlCl3-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP, 130-150 °C, 1.0 h) and mild deep-eutectic solvents (DES, 100 °C, 10 min) delignification for recycling lignin fractions. Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM) was developed to visually monitor the delignification process during the HTP-DES pretreatment. NMR characterizations (2D-HSQC and 31P NMR) and elemental analysis demonstrated that the lignin fractions had undergone the following structural changes, such as dehydration, depolymerization, condensation. Molecular weights (GPC), microstructure (SEM and TEM), and antioxidant activity (DPPH analysis) of the lignins revealed that the DES delignification resulted in homogeneous lignin fragments (1.32 < PDI < 1.58) and facilitated the rapid assemblage of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with controllable nanoscale sizes (30-210 nm) and excellent antioxidant activity. These findings will enhance the understanding of structural transformations of the lignin during the integrated process and maximize the lignin valorization in a current biorefinery process.
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Growth and phycocyanin production with Galdieria sulphuraria UTEX 2919 using xylose, glucose, and corn stover hydrolysates under heterotrophy and mixotrophy. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Leroy A, Devaux MF, Fanuel M, Chauvet H, Durand S, Alvarado C, Habrant A, Sandt C, Rogniaux H, Paës G, Guillon F. Real-time imaging of enzymatic degradation of pretreated maize internodes reveals different cell types have different profiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127140. [PMID: 35405211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a dynamic view of the enzymatic degradation of maize cell walls, and sheds new light on the recalcitrance of hot water pretreated maize stem internodes. Infra-red microspectrometry, mass spectrometry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence imaging were combined to investigate enzymatic hydrolysis at the cell scale. Depending on their polymer composition and organisation, cell types exhibits different extent and rate of enzymatic degradation. Enzymes act sequentially from the cell walls rich in accessible cellulose to the most recalcitrant cells. This phenomenon can be linked to the heterogeneous distribution of enzymes in the liquid medium and the adsorption/desorption mechanisms that differ with the type of cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Leroy
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
| | | | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Hugo Chauvet
- DISCO Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, BP48, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | | | | | - Anouck Habrant
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Christophe Sandt
- SMIS Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, BP48, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, 44316 Nantes, France; INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A614, 51100 Reims, France
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Barcoto MO, Rodrigues A. Lessons From Insect Fungiculture: From Microbial Ecology to Plastics Degradation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:812143. [PMID: 35685924 PMCID: PMC9171207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.812143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have extensively transformed the biosphere by extracting and disposing of resources, crossing boundaries of planetary threat while causing a global crisis of waste overload. Despite fundamental differences regarding structure and recalcitrance, lignocellulose and plastic polymers share physical-chemical properties to some extent, that include carbon skeletons with similar chemical bonds, hydrophobic properties, amorphous and crystalline regions. Microbial strategies for metabolizing recalcitrant polymers have been selected and optimized through evolution, thus understanding natural processes for lignocellulose modification could aid the challenge of dealing with the recalcitrant human-made polymers spread worldwide. We propose to look for inspiration in the charismatic fungal-growing insects to understand multipartite degradation of plant polymers. Independently evolved in diverse insect lineages, fungiculture embraces passive or active fungal cultivation for food, protection, and structural purposes. We consider there is much to learn from these symbioses, in special from the community-level degradation of recalcitrant biomass and defensive metabolites. Microbial plant-degrading systems at the core of insect fungicultures could be promising candidates for degrading synthetic plastics. Here, we first compare the degradation of lignocellulose and plastic polymers, with emphasis in the overlapping microbial players and enzymatic activities between these processes. Second, we review the literature on diverse insect fungiculture systems, focusing on features that, while supporting insects' ecology and evolution, could also be applied in biotechnological processes. Third, taking lessons from these microbial communities, we suggest multidisciplinary strategies to identify microbial degraders, degrading enzymes and pathways, as well as microbial interactions and interdependencies. Spanning from multiomics to spectroscopy, microscopy, stable isotopes probing, enrichment microcosmos, and synthetic communities, these strategies would allow for a systemic understanding of the fungiculture ecology, driving to application possibilities. Detailing how the metabolic landscape is entangled to achieve ecological success could inspire sustainable efforts for mitigating the current environmental crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana O. Barcoto
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Center for the Study of Social Insects, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Improved furfural tolerance in Escherichia coli mediated by heterologous NADH-dependent benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases. Biochem J 2022; 479:1045-1058. [PMID: 35502833 PMCID: PMC9162472 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While lignocellulose is a promising source of renewable sugars for microbial fermentations, the presence of inhibitory compounds in typical lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as furfural, has hindered their utilisation. In Escherichia coli, a major route of furfural toxicity is the depletion of NADPH pools due to its use as a substrate by the YqhD enzyme that reduces furfural to its less toxic alcohol form. Here, we examine the potential of exploiting benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases as an alternative means to provide this same catalytic function but using the more abundant reductant NADH, as a strategy to increase the capacity for furfural removal. We determine the biochemical properties of three of these enzymes, from Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Burkholderia ambifaria, which all demonstrate furfural reductase activity. Furthermore, we show that the P. putida and B. ambifaria enzymes are able to provide substantial increases in furfural tolerance in vivo, by allowing more rapid conversion to furfuryl alcohol and resumption of growth. The study demonstrates that methods to seek alternative cofactor dependent enzymes can improve the intrinsic robustness of microbial chassis to feedstock inhibitors.
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An Overview of Extrusion as a Pretreatment Method of Lignocellulosic Biomass. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is both low cost and abundant, and unlike energy crops, can escape associated ethical dilemmas such as arable land use and food security issues. However, their usage as raw material in a biorefinery implies an inherent upstream pretreatment step to access compounds of interest derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Importantly, the efficiency of this step is determinant for the downstream processes, and while many pretreatment methods have been explored, extrusion is both a very flexible and promising technology. Extrusion is well-known in both the polymer and pharmaceutical industries and has been used since the 18th century. However, as a pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass, extrusion is relatively new. The first use for this purpose dates back to the 1990s. Extrusion enjoys a high degree of flexibility due to the many available parameters, but an understanding of extrusion requires a knowledge of these parameters and the different relationships between them. In this paper, we present a concise overview of lignocellulosic biomass extrusion by reviewing key extrusion parameters and their associated extruder design components and operating conditions.
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High Solid and Low Cellulase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cardoon Stems Pretreated by Acidified Γ-Valerolactone/Water Solution. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a nonedible matrix that can be efficiently exploited as feedstock in an integrated biorefinery after a proper pretreatment. An organosolv pretreatment using an acidified γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water solution was proposed to improve the cellulose enrichment and enzymatic saccharification of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) stems. At the optimal pretreatment condition (140 °C, 0.6 GVL/water, and 2.24% H2SO4), xylan was efficiently removed from the cardoon, and up to 50% of its content was recovered in the aqueous fraction, while 86% of the cellulose was retained in the solid fraction. The resulting cardoon pulp showed a cellulose content of 91.5% and an enzymatic digestibility of 100%. An overall glucose production of 37.17 g/100 g raw material (90% theoretical maximum) was obtained using high solid loading (20% w/w) and a high enzyme dosage (60 FPU/g cellulose). At a low enzyme dosage, glucose concentrations of 169 g/L and 210 g/L were achieved using 10 FPU/g cellulose and 20 FPU/g cellulose, respectively. Therefore, an organosolv pretreatment can be an effective process for producing cellulose-enriched pulp with enhanced enzymatic digestibility from cardoon stems, providing a promising option for green lignocellulosic biorefineries that aim to produce high concentrations of glucose with low cellulase addition.
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