1
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Hsu HC, Li D, Zhan W, Ye J, Liu YJ, Leung A, Qin J, Crespo B, Gamo FJ, Zhang H, Cui L, Roth A, Kirkman LA, Li H, Lin G. Structures revealing mechanisms of resistance and collateral sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to proteasome inhibitors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8302. [PMID: 38097652 PMCID: PMC10721928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf20S) is an advantageous drug target because its inhibition kills P. falciparum in multiple stages of its life cycle and synergizes with artemisinins. We recently developed a macrocyclic peptide, TDI-8304, that is highly selective for Pf20S over human proteasomes and is potent in vitro and in vivo against P. falciparum. A mutation in the Pf20S β6 subunit, A117D, confers resistance to TDI-8304, yet enhances both enzyme inhibition and anti-parasite activity of a tripeptide vinyl sulfone β2 inhibitor, WLW-vs. Here we present the high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Pf20S with TDI-8304, of human constitutive proteasome with TDI-8304, and of Pf20Sβ6A117D with WLW-vs that give insights into the species selectivity of TDI-8304, resistance to it, and the collateral sensitivity associated with resistance, including that TDI-8304 binds β2 and β5 in wild type Pf20S as well as WLW-vs binds β2 and β5 in Pf20Sβ6A117D. We further show that TDI-8304 kills P. falciparum as quickly as chloroquine and artemisinin and is active against P. cynomolgi at the liver stage. This increases interest in using these structures to facilitate the development of Pf20S inhibitors that target multiple proteasome subunits and limit the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chi Hsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Daqiang Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wenhu Zhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jianxiang Ye
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Jing Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Annie Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Junling Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Benigno Crespo
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Gamo
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alison Roth
- Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, 20910, MD, USA
| | - Laura A Kirkman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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2
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Tawaraishi T, Ochida A, Akao Y, Itono S, Kamaura M, Akther T, Shimada M, Canan S, Chowdhury S, Cao Y, Condroski K, Engkvist O, Francisco A, Ghosh S, Kaki R, Kelly JM, Kimura C, Kogej T, Nagaoka K, Naito A, Pairaudeau G, Radu C, Roberts I, Shum D, Watanabe NA, Xie H, Yonezawa S, Yoshida O, Yoshida R, Mowbray C, Perry B. Collaborative Virtual Screening Identifies a 2-Aryl-4-aminoquinazoline Series with Efficacy in an In Vivo Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1221-1238. [PMID: 36607408 PMCID: PMC9884087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Probing multiple proprietary pharmaceutical libraries in parallel via virtual screening allowed rapid expansion of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) around hit compounds with moderate efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas Disease. A potency-improving scaffold hop, followed by elaboration of the SAR via design guided by the output of the phenotypic virtual screening efforts, identified two promising hit compounds 54 and 85, which were profiled further in pharmacokinetic studies and in an in vivo model of T. cruzi infection. Compound 85 demonstrated clear reduction of parasitemia in the in vivo setting, confirming the interest in this series of 2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinazolines as potential anti-trypanosome treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Tawaraishi
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ochida
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Akao
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itono
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamaura
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Thamina Akther
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuyuki Shimada
- Takeda
Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1 Muraoka-Higashi 2-chrome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Stacie Canan
- Celgene
Corporation, Celgene Global Health, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sanjoy Chowdhury
- TCG
Lifesciences, Plot No-7,
Salt Lake Electronics Complex, BN Block, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Yafeng Cao
- WuXi
AppTec Company Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kevin Condroski
- Celgene
Corporation, Celgene Global Health, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ola Engkvist
- AstraZeneca
Discovery Sciences, R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amanda Francisco
- London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.
| | - Sunil Ghosh
- TCG
Lifesciences, Plot No-7,
Salt Lake Electronics Complex, BN Block, Sector V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Rina Kaki
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - John M. Kelly
- London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, U.K.
| | - Chiaki Kimura
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Thierry Kogej
- AstraZeneca
Discovery Sciences, R&D, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kazuya Nagaoka
- Eisai
Co., Ltd, 1-3, Tokodai
5-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- AstraZeneca,
Discovery Sciences, R&D, The Darwin Building, 310 Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - Constantin Radu
- Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro
712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ieuan Roberts
- AstraZeneca,
Discovery Sciences, R&D, The Darwin Building, 310 Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K.
| | - David Shum
- Institut
Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro
712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Nao-aki Watanabe
- Eisai
Co., Ltd, 1-3, Tokodai
5-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
| | - Huanxu Xie
- WuXi
AppTec Company Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuji Yonezawa
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshida
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Shionogi
& Co., Ltd, 3-1-1,
Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Charles Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected
Diseases Initiative, 15 Chemin Camille Vidart, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs for Neglected
Diseases Initiative, 15 Chemin Camille Vidart, Geneva 1202, Switzerland,
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3
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Martins V, Fazal L, Oganesian A, Shah A, Stow J, Walton H, Wilsher N. A commentary on the use of pharmacoenhancers in the pharmaceutical industry and the implication for DMPK drug discovery strategies. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:786-796. [PMID: 36537234 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2130838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Paxlovid, a drug combining nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, was designed for the treatment of COVID-19 and its rapid development has led to emergency use approval by the FDA to reduce the impact of COVID-19 infection on patients.In order to overcome potentially suboptimal therapeutic exposures, nirmatrelvir is dosed in combination with ritonavir to boost the pharmacokinetics of the active product.Here we consider examples of drugs co-administered with pharmacoenhancers.Pharmacoenhancers have been adopted for multiple purposes such as ensuring therapeutic exposure of the active product, reducing formation of toxic metabolites, changing the route of administration, and increasing the cost-effectiveness of a therapy.We weigh the benefits and risks of this approach, examining the impact of technology developments on drug design and how enhanced integration between cross-discipline teams can improve the outcome of drug discovery.
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4
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Wilson CD, Hiranita T, Fantegrossi WE. Cannabimimetic effects of abused indazole-carboxamide synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists AB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA and 5F-ADB-PINACA in mice: Tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109468. [PMID: 35643039 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic abuse of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), known as "K2″ or "Spice", threatens public health and safety. Recently, SCRAs of the indazole-carboxamide structural class have become more prevalent. Preclinical studies investigating the tolerance and dependence potentially involved in chronic SCRA abuse is limited. The present study determined the in vivo effects of chronic exposure to indazole-carboxamide SCRAs, AB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA and 5F-ADB-PINACA compared to the first-generation SCRA, JWH-018. METHODS Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were used for dose-effect determinations of hypothermic effects. Adult male NIH Swiss mice were used in biotelemetry studies to assess tolerance to hypothermic effects following repeated SCRA administration over 5 consecutive days, and to determine the role of Phase I drug metabolism via acute CYP450 inhibition in the presence of 1-ABT, a nonspecific CYP450 inhibitor. SCRA dependence was determined in adult male NIH Swiss mice via assessment of rimonabant-precipitated observable sign of withdrawal (i.e., front paw tremors). RESULTS All SCRAs elicited dose-dependent hypothermia mediated through cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs). 1-ABT increased duration of hypothermia for all SCRAs tested, and increased the magnitude of hypothermia for all SCRAs except 5F-ADB-PINACA. Upon repeated administration, tolerance to hypothermic effects of AB-PINACA, 5F-AB-PINACA and 5F-ADB-PINACA was much less than that of JWH-018. Similarly, rimonabant-precipitated front paw tremors were much less frequent in mice treated with 5F-AB-PINACA and 5F-ADB-PINACA than in mice treated with JWH-018. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a decreased potential for tolerance and withdrawal among indazole-carboxamide SCRAs, and may imply structural class-dependent profiles of in vivo effects among SCRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheryn D Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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5
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Wang X, Lu H, Li Q, Zhou Y, Zhou J. Comparative genome and transcriptome of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans GF3 for analyzing the detoxification mechanism of anthraquinone compounds. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113545. [PMID: 35453018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinone compounds (ACs) could be efficiently degraded and detoxified by bacteria. However, the molecular mechanism of bacterial degradation and detoxification of ACs remains unclear. In this study, 1-aminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate (ASA-2) was used as a model anthraquinone compound, the response mechanism of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans GF3 to ASA-2 using genomics and transcriptomics techniques was investigated. Comparative genome analysis showed that strain GF3 owned an especial gene region (Genes 1337-1399) containing the genes encoding cytochrome P450, monooxygenase, dehydrogenase and oxidoreductase, which did not commonly exist in Rhodococcus genus. The amino acid sequences of these genes were similar to those of the cleavage enzymes of anthraquinone ring in Aspergillus genus. Moreover, the transcriptions of Genes 1392-1394 (cytochrome 450 gene cluster) displayed 1.8-3.1-fold up-regulation under ASA-2 exposure. Meanwhile, as an intermediate product of ASA-2, catechol was degraded to acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA and pyruvate, resulting in the enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP generation. This process also promoted the up-regulation of the genes encoding resistance, efflux, transporter and anti-oxidation pressure proteins, which were involved in resisting ASA-2 and maintaining the homeostasis of cells. These results provided us with a further understanding of the molecular mechanism of degradation and detoxification of ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Qiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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6
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Xiao W, Deng Z, Lai C, Lu H, Huang M, Wen Y, Shi L. Inhibitory effect of ketoconazole, quinidine and 1-aminobenzotriazole on pharmacokinetics of l-tetrahydropalmatine and its metabolite in rats. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:447-454. [PMID: 33347343 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1867928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) is mainly metabolised by CYP450 enzymes.This study was to investigate the possible effect of co-administered CYP inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of l-THP and its metabolites in rats.An established LC-MS/MS method has been applied for the evaluation of drug-drug interaction between l-THP and CYP inhibitors. Following the administration of CYP inhibitors, a single dose of l-THP (9 mg/kg) was orally administrated.With regard to l-THP, the AUC0-48 were significantly increased by 4.3, 3.79, and 11.39 folds, and Cmax were increased by 4.74, 3.64, and 2.76 folds in the ketoconazole group (KET), quinidine group (QD), and 1-aminobenzotriazole group (ABT), respectively. KET and QD both significantly increased the AUC0-48 of 2-DM and 2-DM-Glu by 1.38 ∼ 2.43 times, while Cmax was significantly decreased by 41.3 and 78.0% in the ABT group, respectively. The Cmax of 3-DM was reduced by 51.38, 48.02, and 63.31% after pre-treatment with KET, QD, and ABT, respectively, and Cmax of 3-DM-Glu decreased correspondingly by 29.6, 22.1, and 58.0%.Results indicated that CYP inhibitors could markedly influence the systemic level of l-THP and its metabolites. To guarantee the safe use of l-THP, attention should be paid when l-THP was co-administered with CYP inhibitors, particularly with CYP3A4 and 2D6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongfa Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mutu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Pandey SK, Nakka H, Ambhore SR, Londhe S, Goyal VK, Nirogi R. Short-term toxicity study of 1-aminobenzotraizole, a CYP inhibitor, in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1597-1605. [PMID: 33249936 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1850755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1-Aminobenzotriazole (ABT) is a pan-specific, mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP P450 enzymes, often used as co-treatment to investigate the metabolism-dependent toxicity of drugs or chemicals. To assess the confounding effects of ABT in such kind of mechanistic studies, a repeated dose toxicity study with ABT following 7 days oral administration at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day was performed in Wistar rats (5 rats/sex/group). Wistar rat is selected as a model being one of the well characterized rodent species, widely used for toxicity and toxicokinetics studies. The standard parameters of general toxicity study viz. clinical signs, body weight, feed consumption, clinical, gross and histopathology were evaluated. The ABT was tolerated up to the highest tested dose of 100 mg/kg/day. No clinical signs, mortality or effect on feed consumption at any dose. Slight increase in body weight gain was noted in ABT treated females. Increased reticulocyte, and decreased triglycerides, BUN, A/G ratio and plasma potassium; increased weight of liver, kidneys, adrenals and thyroid was noted in ABT treated animals. Microscopically, hypertrophic findings were noted in liver, thyroid, adrenal glands, pituitary and uterus. Some of these changes were observed at as low as 25 mg/kg/day, therefore, NOEL could not be established. Based on this study, it is concluded that ABT is tolerable up to 100 mg/kg/day with some variations in clinical pathology, organ weight and histopathology; these changes should be considered during the assessment of any mechanistic study with ABT. Findings of this manuscript were presented at 58th meeting of the Society of Toxicology, Baltimore, 11 March 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Nakka
- Discovery Toxicology, Suven Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Shalini Londhe
- Discovery Toxicology, Suven Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Moure AL, Narula G, Sorrentino F, Bojang A, Tsui CKM, Sao Emani C, Porras-De Francisco E, Díaz B, Rebollo-López MJ, Torres-Gómez PA, López-Román EM, Camino I, Casado Castro P, Guijarro López L, Ortega F, Ballell L, Barros-Aguirre D, Remuiñán Blanco M, Av-Gay Y. MymA Bioactivated Thioalkylbenzoxazole Prodrug Family Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4732-4748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham L. Moure
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Flavia Sorrentino
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Esther Porras-De Francisco
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Díaz
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Rebollo-López
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Alfonso Torres-Gómez
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María López-Román
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Camino
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Casado Castro
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Guijarro López
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Ortega
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barros-Aguirre
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Modesto Remuiñán Blanco
- Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), Global Health Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Sebastian-Perez V, García-Rubia A, Seif El-Din SH, Sabra ANA, El-Lakkany NM, William S, Blundell TL, Maes L, Martinez A, Campillo NE, Botros SS, Gil C. Deciphering the enzymatic target of a new family of antischistosomal agents bearing a quinazoline scaffold using complementary computational tools. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:511-523. [PMID: 31939312 PMCID: PMC7717570 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1712595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous phenotypic screening campaign led to the identification of a quinazoline derivative with promising in vitro activity against Schistosoma mansoni. Follow-up studies of the antischistosomal potential of this candidate are presented here. The in vivo studies in a S. mansoni mouse model show a significant reduction of total worms and a complete disappearance of immature eggs when administered concomitantly with praziquantel in comparison with the administration of praziquantel alone. This fact is of utmost importance because eggs are responsible for the pathology and transmission of the disease. Subsequently, the chemical optimisation of the structure in order to improve the metabolic stability of the parent compound was carried out leading to derivatives with improved drug-like properties. Additionally, the putative target of this new class of antischistosomal compounds was envisaged by using computational tools and the binding mode to the target enzyme, aldose reductase, was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Samia William
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sanaa S Botros
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Njoroge M, Kaur G, Espinoza-Moraga M, Wasuna A, Dziwornu GA, Seldon R, Taylor D, Okombo J, Warner DF, Chibale K. Semisynthetic Antimycobacterial C-3 Silicate and C-3/C-21 Ester Derivatives of Fusidic Acid: Pharmacological Evaluation and Stability Studies in Liver Microsomes, Rat Plasma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1634-1644. [PMID: 31309823 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusidic acid (FA), a natural product fusidane triterpene-based antibiotic with unique structural features, is active in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). While possessing good pharmacokinetics in man, FA is rapidly metabolized in rodents, thus complicating proof-of-concept studies in this model. Toward the repositioning of FA as an anti-TB agent, we herein describe the synthesis, activity, and metabolism of FA and semisynthesized ester derivatives in rat liver microsomes, rat plasma, and mycobacterial cell culture. FA and derivative molecules with a free C-3 OH underwent species-specific metabolism to the corresponding 3-OH epimer, 3-epifusidic acid (3-epiFA). FA was also metabolized in rat plasma to form FA lactone. These additional routes of metabolism may contribute to the more rapid clearance of FA observed in rodents. C-3 alkyl and aryl esters functioned as classic prodrugs of FA, being hydrolyzed to FA in microsomes, plasma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. In contrast, C-3 silicate esters and C-21 esters were inert to hydrolysis and so did not act as prodrugs. The antimycobacterial activity of the C-3 silicate esters was comparable to that of FA, and these compounds were stable in microsomes and plasma, identifying them as potential candidates for evaluation in a rodent model of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Njoroge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gurminder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Antonina Wasuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Ronnett Seldon
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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11
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Yoshioka R, Fujieda Y, Suzuki Y, Kanno O, Nagahira A, Honda T, Murakawa M, Yukiura H. Novel mouse model for evaluating in vivo efficacy of xCT inhibitor. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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12
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Botros SS, William S, Sabra ANA, El-Lakkany NM, Seif El-Din SH, García-Rubia A, Sebastián-Pérez V, Blaazer AR, de Heuvel E, Sijm M, Zheng Y, Salado IG, Munday JC, Maes L, de Esch IJP, Sterk GJ, Augustyns K, Leurs R, Gil C, De Koning HP. Screening of a PDE-focused library identifies imidazoles with in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal activity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 9:35-43. [PMID: 30669086 PMCID: PMC6350229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of 265 compounds from a PDE-focused library for their antischistosomal activity, assessed in vitro using Schistosoma mansoni. Of the tested compounds, 171 (64%) displayed selective in vitro activity, with 16 causing worm hypermotility/spastic contractions and 41 inducing various degrees of worm killing at 100 μM, with the surviving worms displaying sluggish movement, worm unpairing and complete absence of eggs. The compounds that did not affect worm viability (n = 72) induced a complete cessation of ovipositing. 82% of the compounds had an impact on male worms whereas female worms were barely affected. In vivo evaluation in S. mansoni-infected mice with the in vitro 'hit' NPD-0274 at 20 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days resulted in worm burden reductions of 29% and intestinal tissue egg load reduction of 35% at 10 days post-treatment. Combination of praziquantel (PZQ) at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days with NPD-0274 or NPD-0298 resulted in significantly higher worm killing than PZQ alone, as well as a reduction in intestinal tissue egg load, disappearance of immature eggs and an increase in the number of dead eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa S Botros
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Samia William
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Nasser A Sabra
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed H Seif El-Din
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | | | | | - Antoni R Blaazer
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Heuvel
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Sijm
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Yang Zheng
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | | | - Jane C Munday
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Sterk
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Leurs
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harry P De Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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13
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Yamaguchi JI, Toki H, Qu Y, Yang C, Koike H, Hashimoto K, Mizuno-Yasuhira A, Chaki S. (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine is not essential for the antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1900-1907. [PMID: 29802366 PMCID: PMC6046044 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(R,S)-Ketamine has rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in depressed patients. Although the metabolism of (R,S)-ketamine to (2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a metabolite of (R)-ketamine, has been reported to be essential for its antidepressant effects, recent evidence suggests otherwise. The present study investigated the role of the metabolism of (R)-ketamine to (2 R,6 R)-HNK in the antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine. Antidepressant effects were evaluated using the forced swimming test in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model of mice and the tail suspension test in naive mice. To prevent the metabolism of (R)-ketamine to (2 R,6 R)-HNK, mice were pretreated with cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors. The concentrations of (R)-ketamine, (R)-norketamine, and (2 R,6 R)-HNK in plasma, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were determined using enantioselective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of (R)-norketamine and (2 R,6 R)-HNK in plasma, brain, and CSF samples after administration of (R)-norketamine (10 mg/kg) and (2 R,6 R)-HNK (10 mg/kg), respectively, were higher than those generated after administration of (R)-ketamine (10 mg/kg). Nonetheless, while (R)-ketamine attenuated, neither (R)-norketamine nor (2 R,6 R)-HNK significantly altered immobility times of LPS-treated mice. Treatment with CYP inhibitors prior to administration of (R)-ketamine increased the plasma levels of (R)-ketamine, while generation of (2 R,6 R)-HNK was almost completely blocked. (R)-Ketamine exerted the antidepressant effects at a lower dose in the presence of CYP inhibitors than in their absence, which is consistent with exposure levels of (R)-ketamine but not (2 R,6 R)-HNK. These results indicate that metabolism to (2 R,6 R)-HNK is not necessary for the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine and that unmetabolized (R)-ketamine itself may be responsible for its antidepressant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Yamaguchi
- 0000 0001 2162 3360grid.419836.1Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Hidetoh Toki
- 0000 0001 2162 3360grid.419836.1Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Chun Yang
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- 0000 0001 2162 3360grid.419836.1Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- grid.411500.1Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Akiko Mizuno-Yasuhira
- 0000 0001 2162 3360grid.419836.1Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Chaki
- Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 331-9530, Japan.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00523-18. [PMID: 29891599 PMCID: PMC6105804 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00523-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans, is uniformly fatal if not treated. Treatment options are limited, especially in resource-poor geographical regions, and mortality rates remain high despite current therapies. Here we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of several compounds, including APX001A and its prodrug, APX001, currently in clinical development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. These compounds target the conserved Gwt1 enzyme that is required for the localization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall mannoproteins in fungi. The Gwt1 inhibitors had low MIC values, ranging from 0.004 μg/ml to 0.5 μg/ml, against both C. neoformans and C. gattii APX001A and APX2020 demonstrated in vitro synergy with fluconazole (fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.37 for both). In a CM model, APX001 and fluconazole each alone reduced the fungal burden in brain tissue (0.78 and 1.04 log10 CFU/g, respectively), whereas the combination resulted in a reduction of 3.52 log10 CFU/g brain tissue. Efficacy, as measured by a reduction in the brain and lung tissue fungal burden, was also observed for another Gwt1 inhibitor prodrug, APX2096, where dose-dependent reductions in the fungal burden ranged from 5.91 to 1.79 log10 CFU/g lung tissue and from 7.00 and 0.92 log10 CFU/g brain tissue, representing the nearly complete or complete sterilization of lung and brain tissue at the higher doses. These data support the further clinical evaluation of this new class of antifungal agents for the treatment of CM.
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15
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Kandepedu N, Gonzàlez Cabrera D, Eedubilli S, Taylor D, Brunschwig C, Gibhard L, Njoroge M, Lawrence N, Paquet T, Eyermann CJ, Spangenberg T, Basarab GS, Street LJ, Chibale K. Identification, Characterization, and Optimization of 2,8-Disubstituted-1,5-naphthyridines as Novel Plasmodium falciparum Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase Inhibitors with in Vivo Efficacy in a Humanized Mouse Model of Malaria. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5692-5703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Kandepedu
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Diego Gonzàlez Cabrera
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Srinivas Eedubilli
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK/Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Christel Brunschwig
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK/Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK/Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Mathew Njoroge
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK/Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), DMPK/Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Tanya Paquet
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Charles J. Eyermann
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Merck Global Health Institute, Ares Trading S.A., a subsidiary of Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), Coinsins 1267, Switzerland
| | - Gregory S. Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Leslie J. Street
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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16
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryl-oxadiazoles as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1758-1764. [PMID: 29680666 PMCID: PMC5946847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased research efforts to find new treatments for tuberculosis in recent decades, compounds with novel mechanisms of action are still required. We previously identified a series of novel aryl-oxadiazoles with anti-tubercular activity specific for bacteria using butyrate as a carbon source. We explored the structure activity relationship of this series. Structural modifications were performed in all domains to improve potency and physico-chemical properties. A number of compounds displayed sub-micromolar activity against M. tuberculosis utilizing butyrate, but not glucose as the carbon source. Compounds showed no or low cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells. Three compounds were profiled in mouse pharmacokinetic studies. Plasma clearance was low to moderate but oral exposure suggested solubility-limited drug absorption in addition to first pass metabolism. The presence of a basic nitrogen in the linker slightly increased solubility, and salt formation optimized aqueous solubility. Our findings suggest that the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are useful tools and warrant further investigation.
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de Montellano PRO. 1-Aminobenzotriazole: A Mechanism-Based Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor and Probe of Cytochrome P450 Biology. Med Chem 2018; 8:038. [PMID: 30221034 PMCID: PMC6137267 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1-Aminobenzotriazole (1-ABT) is a pan-specific, mechanism-based inactivator of the xenobiotic metabolizing forms of cytochrome P450 in animals, plants, insects, and microorganisms. It has been widely used to investigate the biological roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes, their participation in the metabolism of both endobiotics and xenobiotics, and their contributions to the metabolism-dependent toxicity of drugs and chemicals. This review is a comprehensive evaluation of the chemistry, discovery, and use of 1-aminobenzotriazole in these contexts from its introduction in 1981 to the present.
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18
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Stringer R, Cordier V, Afatsawo C, Arabin P, Desrayaud S, Hoffmann L, Lehmann D, Lowe PJ, Risser F, Thiel J, Widmer T, Wipfli P, Bigaud M. Utility of food pellets containing 1-aminobenzotriazole for longer term in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 in mice. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:13-21. [PMID: 29299977 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1418542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The utility of 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), incorporated in food, has been investigated as an approach for longer term inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in mice. 2. In rats, ABT inhibits gastric emptying, to investigate this potential limitation in mice we examined the effect of ABT administration on the oral absorption of NVS-CRF38. Two hour prior oral treatment with 100 mg/kg ABT inhibited the oral absorption of NVS-CRF38, Tmax was 4 hours for ABT-treated mice compared to 0.5 hours in the control group. 3. A marked inhibition of hepatic P450 activity was observed in mice fed with ABT containing food pellets for 1 month. P450 activity, as measured by the oral clearance of antipyrine, was inhibited on day 3 (88% of control), week 2 (83% of control) and week 4 (80% of control). 4. Tmax values for antipyrine were comparable between ABT-treated mice and the control group, alleviating concerns about impaired gastric function. 5. Inclusion of ABT in food provides a minimally invasive and convenient approach to achieve longer term inhibition of P450 activity in mice. This model has the potential to enable pharmacological proof-of-concept studies for research compounds which are extensively metabolised by P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Stringer
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Valerie Cordier
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | | | - Philip Arabin
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | | | - Laurent Hoffmann
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Lehmann
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Philip John Lowe
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Francis Risser
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Julia Thiel
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Toni Widmer
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Peter Wipfli
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marc Bigaud
- a Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
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Sike Á, Wengenroth J, Upīte J, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Sántha P, Biverstål H, Jansone B, Haugen HJ, Krohn M, Pahnke J. Improved method for cannula fixation for long-term intracerebral brain infusion. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 290:145-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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