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Nasimi Shad A, Moghbeli M. Integrins as the pivotal regulators of cisplatin response in tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:265. [PMID: 38741195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used first-line chemotherapeutic drug in various cancers. However, CDDP resistance is frequently observed in cancer patients. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with CDDP resistance to improve prognosis among cancer patients. Integrins are critical factors involved in tumor metastasis that regulate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. They modulate several cellular mechanisms including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, polarity, and chemo resistance. Modification of integrin expression levels can be associated with both tumor progression and inhibition. Integrins are also involved in drug resistance of various solid tumors through modulation of the tumor cell interactions with interstitial matrix and extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of integrin protein family in regulation of CDDP response in tumor cells. It has been reported that integrins mainly promoted the CDDP resistance through interaction with PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and WNT signaling pathways. They also regulated the CDDP mediated apoptosis in tumor cells. This review paves the way to suggest the integrins as the reliable therapeutic targets to improve CDDP response in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Nasimi Shad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Yu S, Cui X, Zhou S, Li Y, Feng W, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Zhang P. THOC7-AS1/OCT1/FSTL1 axis promotes EMT and serves as a therapeutic target in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:347. [PMID: 38605354 PMCID: PMC11010364 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND THOC7-AS1 and FSTL1 expression are frequently upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, their molecular biological mechanisms remain elusive and their potential as therapeutic targets needs urgent exploration. METHODS Human tissue samples were used to evaluate clinical parameters. In vitro and in vivo experiments assessed biological functions. Quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunoprecipitation, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, silver staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual luciferase reporter assays etc. were utilized to explore the molecular biological mechanisms. RESULTS We found FSTL1 is an oncogene in cSCC, with high expression in tumor tissues and cells. Its elevated expression closely associates with tumor size and local tissue infiltration. In vitro and in vivo, high FSTL1 expression promotes cSCC proliferation, migration and invasion, facilitating malignant behaviors. Mechanistically, FSTL1 interacts with ZEB1 to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cSCC cells. Exploring upstream regulation, we found THOC7-AS1 can interact with OCT1, which binds the FSTL1 promoter region and promotes FSTL1 expression, facilitating cSCC progression. Finally, treating tumors with THOC7-AS1 antisense oligonucleotides inhibited cSCC proliferative and migratory abilities, delaying tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS The THOC7-AS1/OCT1/FSTL1 axis regulates EMT and promotes tumor progression in cSCC. This study provides clues and ideas for cSCC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China.
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Rafaqat S. Adipokines and Their Role in Heart Failure: A Literature Review. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2023; 14:5657-5669. [PMID: 38058391 PMCID: PMC10697129 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2023.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF). The relationship between adipokines and HF has been implicated in many previous studies and reviews. However, this review article summarizes the basic role of major adipokines, such as apelin, adiponectin, chemerin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), vaspin, visfatin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, nesfatin-1, progranulin, leptin, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, and follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), in the pathogenesis of HF. Apelin is reduced in patients with HF and upregulated following favorable left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Higher levels of adiponectin have been found in patients with HF compared to in control patients. Also, high plasma chemerin levels are linked to a higher risk of HF. Serum resistin is related to the severity of HF and associated with a high risk for adverse cardiac events. Evidence indicates that RBP4 can contribute to inflammation and damage heart muscle cells, potentially leading to HF. Vaspin might stop the progression of cardiac degeneration, fibrosis, and HF according to experiments on rats with experimental isoproterenol-induced chronic HF. The serum concentrations of visfatin are significantly lower in patients with systolic HF. Leptin levels were found to be correlated with low LV mass and myocardial stiffness, both of which are significant risk factors for the development of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Measuring serum omentin-1 levels appears to be a novel prognostic indicator for risk stratification in HF patients. Increased expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in both systemic circulation and myocardium in clinical and experimental HF suggests that innate immune responses may contribute to the development of HF. FSTL1 was elevated in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and associated with an increase in the size of the left ventricle of the heart. However, other adipokines, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, nesfatin-1, and progranulin, have not yet been studied for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Rafaqat
- Department of Zoology (Molecular Physiology), Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Zhang S, Mo X, Jin Y, Niu Z, Yao M, Zhang Y, Li L, Hu G, Ning W. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular heterogeneity and highlights Fstl1-regulated alveolar myofibroblasts in mouse lung at birth. Genomics 2023; 115:110677. [PMID: 37406975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The matricellular protein, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), regulates lung development and saccular formation. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to construct a transcriptomic atlas of 22,774 individual cells from wild-type (WT) and Fstl1-/- lung (E18.5) samples and identified 27 cell subtypes. We observed abnormal population sizes and gene expression profiles in diverse cell subtypes in Fstl1-/- lung samples. We identified Pdgfra and Tgfbi as genetic markers specifically expressed in postnatal myofibroblasts (MyoFBs). Fstl1 deletion decreased the number of MyoFB cells and downregulated their roles in ECM organization and muscle tissue/vasculature development, partly through the TGF-β1/BMP4 signaling pathway. Our data provide a single-cell view of the cellular heterogeneity and the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal saccular formation and atelectatic lungs in Fstl1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiuxue Mo
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yueyue Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuan Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Maolin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wen Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Ahi EP, Richter F, Sefc KM. Gene expression patterns associated with caudal fin shape in the cichlid Lamprologus tigripictilis. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2022; 850:2257-2273. [PMID: 37325486 PMCID: PMC10261199 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-05068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Variation in fin shape is one of the most prominent features of morphological diversity among fish. Regulation of fin growth has mainly been studied in zebrafish, and it is not clear whether the molecular mechanisms underlying shape variation are equally diverse or rather conserved across species. In the present study, expression levels of 37 candidate genes were tested for association with fin shape in the cichlid fish Lamprologus tigripictilis. The tested genes included members of a fin shape-associated gene regulatory network identified in a previous study and novel candidates selected within this study. Using both intact and regenerating fin tissue, we tested for expression differences between the elongated and the short regions of the spade-shaped caudal fin and identified 20 genes and transcription factors (including angptl5, cd63, csrp1a, cx43, esco2, gbf1, and rbpj), whose expression patterns were consistent with a role in fin growth. Collated with available gene expression data of two other cichlid species, our study not only highlights several genes that were correlated with fin growth in all three species (e.g., angptl5, cd63, cx43, and mmp9), but also reveals species-specific gene expression and correlation patterns, which indicate considerable divergence in the regulatory mechanisms of fin growth across cichlids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-05068-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pashay Ahi
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Florian Richter
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Horak M, Fairweather D, Kokkonen P, Bednar D, Bienertova-Vasku J. Follistatin-like 1 and its paralogs in heart development and cardiovascular disease. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2251-2265. [PMID: 35867287 PMCID: PMC11140762 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels and a leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new cardiokines that may protect the heart from damage as reported in GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators (2018) (The Lancet 392:1736-1788). Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a cardiokine that is highly expressed in the heart and released to the serum after cardiac injury where it is associated with CVD and predicts poor outcome. The action of FSTL1 likely depends not only on the tissue source but also post-translation modifications that are target tissue- and cell-specific. Animal studies examining the effect of FSTL1 in various models of heart disease have exploded over the past 15 years and primarily report a protective effect spanning from inhibiting inflammation via transforming growth factor, preventing remodeling and fibrosis to promoting angiogenesis and hypertrophy. A better understanding of FSTL1 and its homologs is needed to determine whether this protein could be a useful novel biomarker to predict poor outcome and death and whether it has therapeutic potential. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive description of the literature for this family of proteins in order to better understand their role in normal physiology and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Piia Kokkonen
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Bednar
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Kanakachari M, Ashwini R, Chatterjee RN, Bhattacharya TK. Embryonic transcriptome unravels mechanisms and pathways underlying embryonic development with respect to muscle growth, egg production, and plumage formation in native and broiler chickens. Front Genet 2022; 13:990849. [PMID: 36313432 PMCID: PMC9616467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle development, egg production, and plumage colors are different between native and broiler chickens. The study was designed to investigate why improved Aseel (PD4) is colorful, stronger, and grew slowly compared with the control broiler (CB). Methods: A microarray was conducted using the 7th-day embryo (7EB) and 18th-day thigh muscle (18TM) of improved Aseel and broiler, respectively. Also, we have selected 24 Gallus gallus candidate reference genes from NCBI, and total RNA was isolated from the broiler, improved Aseel embryo tissues, and their expression profiles were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, microarray data were validated with qPCR using improved Aseel and broiler embryo tissues. Results: In the differential transcripts screening, all the transcripts obtained by microarray of slow and fast growth groups were screened by fold change ≥ 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05. In total, 8,069 transcripts were differentially expressed between the 7EB and 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. A further analysis showed that a high number of transcripts are differentially regulated in the 7EB of PD4 (6,896) and fewer transcripts are differentially regulated (1,173) in the 18TM of PD4 compared to the CB. On the 7th- and 18th-day PD4 embryos, 3,890, 3,006, 745, and 428 transcripts were up- and downregulated, respectively. The commonly up- and downregulated transcripts are 91 and 44 between the 7th- and 18th-day of embryos. In addition, the best housekeeping gene was identified. Furthermore, we validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, myostatin signaling and development, and fatty acid metabolism genes in PD4 and CB embryo tissues by qPCR, and the results correlated with microarray expression data. Conclusion: Our study identified DEGs that regulate the myostatin signaling and differentiation pathway; glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; fatty acid metabolism; Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways; tryptophan metabolism; and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in PD4. The results revealed that the gene expression architecture is present in the improved Aseel exhibiting embryo growth that will help improve muscle development, differentiation, egg production, protein synthesis, and plumage formation in PD4 native chickens. Our findings may be used as a model for improving the growth in Aseel as well as optimizing the growth in the broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kanakachari
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - R. Ashwini
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - T. K. Bhattacharya
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: T. K. Bhattacharya,
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Zheng X, Zhou X, Ma G, Yu J, Zhang M, Yang C, Hu Y, Ma S, Han Z, Ning W, Jin B, Zhou X, Wang J, Han Y. Endogenous Follistatin-like 1 guarantees the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells during liver fibrotic therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:403. [PMID: 35932064 PMCID: PMC9356430 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been shown to be a promising option for liver fibrosis treatment. However, critical factors affecting the efficacy of MSC therapy for liver fibrosis remain unknown. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a TGF-β-induced matricellular protein, is documented as an intrinsic regulator of proliferation and differentiation in MSCs. In the present study, we characterized the potential role of FSTL1 in MSC-based anti-fibrotic therapy and further elucidated the mechanisms underlying its action. Methods Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry. FSTL1low MSCs were achieved by FSTL1 siRNA. Migration capacity was evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assay. A murine liver fibrotic model was created by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection, while control MSCs or FSTL1low MSC were transplanted via intravenous injection 12 weeks post CCl4 injection. Histopathology, liver function, fibrosis degree, and inflammation were analysed thereafter. Inflammatory cell infiltration was evaluated by flow cytometry after hepatic nonparenchymal cell isolation. An MSC-macrophage co-culture system was constructed to further confirm the role of FSTL1 in the immunosuppressive capacity of MSCs. RNA sequencing was used to screen target genes of FSTL1. Results FSTL1low MSCs had comparable gene expression for surface markers to wildtype but limited differentiation and migration capacity. FSTL1low MSCs failed to alleviate CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model. Our data indicated that FSTL1 is essential for the immunosuppressive action of MSCs on inflammatory macrophages during liver fibrotic therapy. FSTL1 silencing attenuated this capacity by inhibiting the downstream JAK/STAT1/IDO pathway. Conclusions Our data suggest that FSTL1 facilitates the immunosuppression of MSCs on macrophages and that guarantee the anti-fibrotic effect of MSCs in liver fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03042-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yinan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuoyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Yang C, Liu Q, Jiang Z. CircPTTG1IP knockdown suppresses rheumatoid arthritis progression by targeting miR-431-5p/FSTL1 axis. Transpl Immunol 2022; 75:101685. [PMID: 35933079 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is observed that circular RNA (circRNA) PTTG1 interacting protein (circPTTG1IP) level is notably up-regulated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by previous study. However, its precise role and working mechanism in RA pathology remain to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay were carried out to examine RNA and protein expression. Cell proliferation was analyzed by colony formation assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Cell motility was assessed by transwell assays and wound healing assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis rate. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA-pull down assays were conducted to confirm the interaction between microRNA-431-5p (miR-431-5p) and circPTTG1IP or follistatin like 1 (FSTL1). CircPTTG1IP expression was up-regulated in the synovial tissues of RA patients and RA patients-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). CircPTTG1IP absence suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced the apoptosis of RA-FLS. CircPTTG1IP negatively regulated the expression of miR-431-5p by directly binding to it in RA-FLS. CircPTTG1IP interference-mediated effects in RA-FLS were largely counteracted by the silence of miR-431-5p. miR-431-5p directly interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of FSTL1. FSTL1 overexpression largely overturned miR-431-5p accumulation-mediated effects in RA-FLS. CircPTTG1IP positively regulated FSTL1 expression by sponging miR-431-5p in RA-FLS. CONCLUSION CircPTTG1IP absence suppressed RA progression through mediating miR-431-5p/FSTL1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianshui Hand and Foot of Surgery Hospital, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianshui Hand and Foot of Surgery Hospital, China.
| | - Zaiming Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianshui Hand and Foot of Surgery Hospital, China
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10
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Tan X, Zhao J, Lou J, Zheng W, Wang P. Hsa_circ_0058129 regulates papillary thyroid cancer development via miR‐873‐5p/follistatin‐like 1 axis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24401. [PMID: 35373391 PMCID: PMC9102651 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an endocrine malignancy with a high incidence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in regulating PTC. Here, we analyzed the role of hsa_circ_0058129 (circ_0058129) in PTC. Methods The expression of circ_0058129, fibronectin 1 (FN1) mRNA, microRNA‐873‐5p (miR‐873‐5p), and follistatin‐like 1 (FSTL1) was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK‐8, EdU, and flow cytometry analysis assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assay. The targeting relationship of miR‐873‐5p and circ_0058129 or FSTL1 was identified through dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and RNA pull‐down assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was implemented to determine the effect of circ_0058129 on tumor formation in vivo. Results The circ_0058129 and FSTL1 abundances were increased, while the miR‐873‐5p content was decreased in PTC tissues and cells compared with control groups. Circ_0058129 shortage inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, miR‐873‐5p repressed PTC cell malignancy by binding to FSTL1. Circ_0058129 targeted miR‐873‐5p to regulate FSTL1. Conclusion Circ_0058129 expedited PTC progression through the miR‐873‐5p/FSTL1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Tan
- Head and Neck Surgery The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Jiazheng Zhao
- Head and Neck Surgery The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Head and Neck Surgery The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Head and Neck Surgery The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Peng Wang
- Head and Neck Surgery The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou China
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11
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Follistatin-Like Proteins: Structure, Functions and Biomedical Importance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080999. [PMID: 34440203 PMCID: PMC8391210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Main forms of cellular signal transmission are known to be autocrine and paracrine signaling. Several cells secrete messengers called autocrine or paracrine agents that can bind the corresponding receptors on the surface of the cells themselves or their microenvironment. Follistatin and follistatin-like proteins can be called one of the most important bifunctional messengers capable of displaying both autocrine and paracrine activity. Whilst they are not as diverse as protein hormones or protein kinases, there are only five types of proteins. However, unlike protein kinases, there are no minor proteins among them; each follistatin-like protein performs an important physiological function. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways and biological processes, having the ability to bind to receptors such as DIP2A, TLR4, BMP and some others. The activation or experimentally induced knockout of the protein-coding genes often leads to fatal consequences for individual cells and the whole body as follistatin-like proteins indirectly regulate the cell cycle, tissue differentiation, metabolic pathways, and participate in the transmission chains of the pro-inflammatory intracellular signal. Abnormal course of these processes can cause the development of oncology or apoptosis, programmed cell death. There is still no comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of mechanisms of action of follistatin-like proteins, so the systematization and study of their cellular functions and regulation is an important direction of modern molecular and cell biology. Therefore, this review focuses on follistatin-related proteins that affect multiple targets and have direct or indirect effects on cellular signaling pathways, as well as to characterize the directions of their practical application in the field of biomedicine.
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12
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Khanshour AM, Kidane YH, Kozlitina J, Cornelia R, Rafipay A, De Mello V, Weston M, Paria N, Khalid A, Hecht JT, Dobbs MB, Richards BS, Vargesson N, Hamra FK, Wilson M, Wise C, Gurnett CA, Rios JJ. Genetic association and characterization of FSTL5 in isolated clubfoot. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3717-3728. [PMID: 33105483 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot, TEV) is a congenital rotational foot deformity occurring in 1 per 1000 births with increased prevalence in males compared with females. The genetic etiology of isolated clubfoot (iTEV) remains unclear. Using a genome-wide association study, we identified a locus within FSTL5, encoding follistatin-like 5, significantly associated with iTEV. FSTL5 is an uncharacterized gene whose potential role in embryonic and postnatal development was previously unstudied. Utilizing multiple model systems, we found that Fstl5 was expressed during later stages of embryonic hindlimb development, and, in mice, expression was restricted to the condensing cartilage anlage destined to form the limb skeleton. In the postnatal growth plate, Fstl5 was specifically expressed in prehypertrophic chondrocytes. As Fstl5 knockout rats displayed no gross malformations, we engineered a conditional transgenic mouse line (Fstl5LSL) to overexpress Fstl5 in skeletal osteochondroprogenitors. We observed that hindlimbs were slightly shorter and that bone mineral density was reduced in adult male, but not female, Prrx1-cre;Fstl5LSL mice compared with control. No overt clubfoot-like deformity was observed in Prrx1-cre;Fstl5LSL mice, suggesting FSTL5 may function in other cell types to contribute to iTEV pathogenesis. Interrogating published mouse embryonic single-cell expression data showed that Fstl5 was expressed in cell lineage subclusters whose transcriptomes were associated with neural system development. Moreover, our results suggest that lineage-specific expression of the Fstl genes correlates with their divergent roles as modulators of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Results from this study associate FSTL5 with iTEV and suggest a potential sexually dimorphic role for Fstl5 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas M Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Alexandra Rafipay
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Vanessa De Mello
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Mitchell Weston
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nandina Paria
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Aysha Khalid
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew B Dobbs
- Paley Orthopedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - B Stephens Richards
- Department of Orthopaedics, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - F Kent Hamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Carol Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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13
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Petkovic M, Sørensen AE, Leal EC, Carvalho E, Dalgaard LT. Mechanistic Actions of microRNAs in Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2020; 9:E2228. [PMID: 33023156 PMCID: PMC7601058 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process that is impaired under diabetes conditions. Chronic non-healing wounds in diabetes are some of the most expensive healthcare expenditures worldwide. Early diagnosis and efficacious treatment strategies are needed. microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 18-25 nucleotide long RNAs, are important regulatory molecules involved in gene expression regulation and in the repression of translation, controlling protein expression in health and disease. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as critical players in impaired wound healing and could be targets for potential therapies for non-healing wounds. Here, we review and discuss the mechanistic background of miRNA actions in chronic wounds that can shed the light on their utilization as specific wound healing biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petkovic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anja Elaine Sørensen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.C.L.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Louise Torp Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (A.E.S.); (L.T.D.)
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14
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Li X, Fang Y, Jiang D, Dong Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Guo J, Qi C, Zhao C, Jiang F, Jin Y, Geng J, Yang C, Zhang H, Wei B, Liang J, Wang C, Dai H, Zhou H, Jiang D, Ning W. Targeting FSTL1 for Multiple Fibrotic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Ther 2020; 29:347-364. [PMID: 33007201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a matricellular protein that is upregulated during development and disease, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), keloid, and arthritis. The profibrotic and pro-inflammatory roles of FSTL1 have been intensively studied during the last several years, as well as in this report. We screened and identified epitope-specific monoclonal neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to functionally block FSTL1. FSTL1 nAbs attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary and dermal fibrosis in vivo and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced dermal fibrosis ex vivo in human skin. In addition, FSTL1 nAbs significantly reduced existing lung fibrosis and skin fibrosis in experimental models. FSTL1 nAbs exerted their potent antifibrotic effects via reduced TGF-β1 responsiveness and subsequent myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production. We also observed that FSTL1 nAbs attenuated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, which was accompanied by reduced inflammatory responses in vitro. Our findings suggest that FSTL1 nAbs are a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of multiple organ fibrosis and systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiasen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fangxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yueyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of Beijing Armed Police Corps, Beijing 100027, China
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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15
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Li W, Alahdal M, Deng Z, Liu J, Zhao Z, Cheng X, Chen X, Li J, Yin J, Li Y, Wang G, Wang D, Tang K, Zhang J. Molecular functions of FSTL1 in the osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Voutsadakis IA. A role for Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:155. [PMID: 32309304 PMCID: PMC7154426 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.,Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Henkel M, Partyka J, Gregory AD, Forno E, Cho MH, Eddens T, Tout AR, Salamacha N, Horne W, Rao KS, Wu Y, Alcorn JF, Kostka D, Hirsch R, Celedón JC, Shapiro SD, Kolls JK, Campfield BT. FSTL-1 Attenuation Causes Spontaneous Smoke-Resistant Pulmonary Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:934-945. [PMID: 31834999 PMCID: PMC7159415 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201905-0973oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The role of FSTL-1 (follistatin-like 1) in lung homeostasis is unknown.Objectives: We aimed to define the impact of FSTL-1 attenuation on lung structure and function and to identify FSTL-1-regulated transcriptional pathways in the lung. Further, we aimed to analyze the association of FSTL-1 SNPs with lung disease.Methods: FSTL-1 hypomorphic (FSTL-1 Hypo) mice underwent lung morphometry, pulmonary function testing, and micro-computed tomography. Fstl1 expression was determined in wild-type lung cell populations from three independent research groups. RNA sequencing of wild-type and FSTL-1 Hypo mice identified FSTL-1-regulated gene expression, followed by validation and mechanistic in vitro examination. FSTL1 SNP analysis was performed in the COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) cohort.Measurements and Main Results: FSTL-1 Hypo mice developed spontaneous emphysema, independent of smoke exposure. Fstl1 is highly expressed in the lung by mesenchymal and endothelial cells but not immune cells. RNA sequencing of whole lung identified 33 FSTL-1-regulated genes, including Nr4a1, an orphan nuclear hormone receptor that negatively regulates NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) signaling. In vitro, recombinant FSTL-1 treatment of macrophages attenuated NF-κB p65 phosphorylation in an Nr4a1-dependent manner. Within the COPDGene cohort, several SNPs in the FSTL1 region corresponded to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function.Conclusions: This work identifies a novel role for FSTL-1 protecting against emphysema development independent of smoke exposure. This FSTL-1-deficient emphysema implicates regulation of immune tolerance in lung macrophages through Nr4a1. Further study of the mechanisms involving FSTL-1 in lung homeostasis, immune regulation, and NF-κB signaling may provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of emphysema and inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Henkel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Partyka
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyssa D. Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Nathan Salamacha
- Department of Developmental Biology
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Horne
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, and
- Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Raphael Hirsch
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Juan C. Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven D. Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian T. Campfield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Richard K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, and
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Li G, Ren H, Wu X, Hu Q, Hong Z, Wang G, Gu G, Ren J, Li J. Follistatin like protein-1 modulates macrophage polarization and aggravates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106456. [PMID: 32247265 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in multiple processes including organ development, carcinogenesis, metastasis and so on. Some recent studies have suggested a possible role of FSTL1 in the inflammatory diseases. We for the first time tried to unravel its effect on the colitis, and explore the possible mechanisms. Here we found that FSTL1 was upregulated in active human and murine colitis. It facilitated proinflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages and inhibited the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, leading to excessive production of multiple inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. Haplodeletion of FSTL1 in mice significantly reduced the clinical and histological activity of colitis. Most importantly, macrophage depletion diminished the difference between DSS-treated WT and FSTL1+/- mice. Altogether, our results suggested that FSTL1 may also serve as an important contributor in the colonic inflammation. The possible mechanism may be related to its modulation on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwei Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technolgy, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huajian Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu X, Sun W, Kato K, Chen C, Li X, Li T, Sun Z, Han W, Zhang F, Xiao Q, Yang Z, Hu J, Qin Z, Adams RH, Gao X, He Y. Angiocrine FSTL1 (Follistatin-Like Protein 1) Insufficiency Leads to Atrial and Venous Wall Fibrosis via SMAD3 Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:958-972. [PMID: 32078339 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiocrine factors, mediating the endothelial-mural cell interaction in vascular wall construction as well as maintenance, are incompletely characterized. This study aims to investigate the role of endothelial cell-derived FSTL1 (follistatin-like protein 1) in vascular homeostasis. Approach and Results: Using conditional knockout mouse models, we show that loss of FSTL1 in endothelial cells (Fstl1ECKO) led to an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in the heart regurgitation especially with tricuspid valves. However, this abnormality was not detected in mutant mice with Fstl1 knockout in smooth muscle cells or hematopoietic cells. We further showed that there was excessive αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) associated with atrial endocardia, heart valves, veins, and microvessels after the endothelial FSTL1 deletion. There was also an increase in collagen deposition, as demonstrated in livers of Fstl1ECKO mutants. The SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) phosphorylation (pSMAD3) was significantly enhanced, and pSMAD3 staining was colocalized with αSMA in vein walls, suggesting the activation of TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) signaling in vascular mural cells of Fstl1ECKO mice. Consistently, treatment with a TGFβ pathway inhibitor reduced the abnormal association of αSMA with the atria and blood vessels in Fstl1ECKO mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that endothelial FSTL1 is critical for the homeostasis of vascular walls, and its insufficiency may favor cardiovascular fibrosis leading to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Jiang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Luqing Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.).,MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Xuelian Liu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wei Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (W.S.)
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.).,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Chuankai Chen
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Xiao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Taotao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wencan Han
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Fujing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Qi Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (J.H.)
| | - Zhihai Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China (Z.Q.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Yulong He
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
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20
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Peters MMC, Meijs TA, Gathier W, Doevendans PAM, Sluijter JPG, Chamuleau SAJ, Neef K. Follistatin-like 1 in Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1379-1389. [PMID: 30864520 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312161551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to participate in regulating developmental processes and to be involved in states of disease and injury. Spatiotemporal regulation and posttranslational modifications contribute to its specific functions and make it an intriguing candidate to study disease mechanisms and potentially develop new therapies. With cardiovascular diseases as the primary cause of death worldwide, clarification of mechanisms underlying cardiac regeneration and revascularization remains essential. Recent findings on FSTL1 in both acute coronary syndrome and heart failure emphasize its potential as a target for cardiac regenerative therapy. With this review, we aim to shed light on the role of FSTL1 specifically in cardiovascular disease and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn M C Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timion A Meijs
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Gathier
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A M Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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21
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Li X, Li L, Chang Y, Ning W, Liu X. Structural and functional study of FK domain of Fstl1. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1819-1829. [PMID: 31351024 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fstl1 is a TGF-β superfamily binding protein which involved in many pathological processes. The function of Fstl1 has been widely elucidated, but its structural characterization has not been explored. Here we solved the high-resolution crystal structure of FK domain of murine Fstl1, analyzed its unique characteristics, and investigated its contribution to the function of full-length Fstl1. We found that Fstl1-FK forms a stable dimer in both solution and crystal, which suggest that this protein may function as a dimer during its interaction with TGF-β, a molecule known to form dimer during activation process. We also found this FK domain is indispensable for the proper function of Fstl1 during the transduction of TGF-β signaling. These observations provide important insights into the understanding of Fstl1 and may facilitate the exploration of this molecule in clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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22
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Prakash S, Mattiotti A, Sylva M, Mulder BJM, Postma AV, van den Hoff MJB. Identifying pathogenic variants in the Follistatin-like 1 gene (FSTL1) in patients with skeletal and atrioventricular valve disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00567. [PMID: 30722102 PMCID: PMC6465659 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a glycoprotein expressed throughout embryonic development. Homozygous loss of Fstl1 in mice results in skeletal and respiratory defects, leading to neonatal death due to a collapse of the trachea. Furthermore, Fstl1 conditional deletion from the endocardial/endothelial lineage results in postnatal death due to heart failure and profound atrioventricular valve defects. Here, we investigated patients with phenotypes similar to the phenotypes observed in the transgenic mice, for variants in FSTL1. METHODS In total, 69 genetically unresolved patients were selected with the following phenotypes: campomelic dysplasia (12), small patella syndrome (2), BILU (1), and congenital heart disease patients (54), of which 16 also had kyphoscoliosis, and 38 had valve abnormalities as their main diagnosis. Using qPCR, none of 69 patients showed copy number variations in FSTL1. The entire gene body, including microRNA-198 and three validated microRNA-binding sites, were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS No variants were found in the coding region. However, 8 intronic variants were identified that differed significantly in their minor allele frequency compared to controls. Variant rs2272515 was found to significantly correlate (p < 0.05) with kyphoscoliosis. CONCLUSION We conclude that pathogenic variants in FSTL1 are unlikely to be responsible for skeletal or atrioventricular valve anomalies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Prakash
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattiotti
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Sylva
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Cheng S, Huang Y, Lou C, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. FSTL1 enhances chemoresistance and maintains stemness in breast cancer cells via integrin β3/Wnt signaling under miR-137 regulation. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:328-337. [PMID: 30336071 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FSTL1 is a protein coding gene associated with cell signaling pathway regulation and the progression of a variety of disorders. In this study, we hypothesized that FSTL1 increases oncogenesis in breast cancer by enhancing stemness and chemoresistance. RT-PCR and IHC revealed significantly higher FSTL1 mRNA and protein levels in TNBC than in non-TNBC specimens and in breast cancer cell lines. We then found that FSTL1 levels were significantly increased in chemoresistant cells. LIVE/DEAD, MTT cell viability and colony formation assays did in fact demonstrate that FSTL1 is required for CDDP and DOX chemoresistance in breast cancer cell lines. FSTL1 overexpression caused significant elevation of stem cell biomarkers, as well as breast cancer cell proliferation. To determine whether the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the observed effects of FSTL1, we assessed levels of pathway target. TOP/FOP flash, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation assays indicated that FSTL1 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling through integrin β3. We then sought to identify a microRNA (miRNA) that regulates FSTL1 activity. Luciferase assays demonstrated that miR-137 reduces FSTL1 mRNA and protein levels. Ultimately, our findings indicate that there is an miR-137/FSTL1/integrin β3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis in breast cancer cells that regulates stemness and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Cheng
- a Department of Breast Surgery , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
| | - Yuanxi Huang
- a Department of Breast Surgery , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
| | - Chun Lou
- a Department of Breast Surgery , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
| | - Yanxia He
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
| | - Yue Zhang
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- b Department of Clinical Oncology , Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital , Harbin , China
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24
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Feeders facilitate telomere maintenance and chromosomal stability of embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2620. [PMID: 29976922 PMCID: PMC6033898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeder cells like mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been widely applied for culture of pluripotent stem cells, but their roles remain elusive. Noticeably, ESCs cultured on the feeders display transcriptional heterogeneity. We investigated roles of feeder cells by examining the telomere maintenance. Here we show that telomere is longer in mESCs cultured with than without the feeders. mESC cultures without MEF feeders exhibit telomere loss, chromosomal fusion, and aneuploidy with increasing passages. Notably, feeders facilitate heterogeneous transcription of 2-cell genes including Zscan4 and telomere elongation. Moreover, feeders produce Fstl1 that together with BMP4 periodically activate Zscan4. Interestingly, Zscan4 is repressed in mESCs cultured in 2i (inhibitors of Mek and Gsk3β signaling) media, associated with shorter telomeres and increased chromosome instability. These data suggest the important role of feeders in maintaining telomeres for long-term stable self-renewal and developmental pluripotency of mESCs. Feeder cells are widely used for the culture of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but their specific effects are not well known. Here, the authors demonstrate that mouse ESCs exhibit telomere loss and chromosomal aberrations associated with reduced Zscan4 with increasing passages in the absence of feeders
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25
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Mattiotti A, Prakash S, Barnett P, van den Hoff MJB. Follistatin-like 1 in development and human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2339-2354. [PMID: 29594389 PMCID: PMC5986856 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein displaying expression changes during development and disease, among which cardiovascular disease, cancer, and arthritis. The cardioprotective role of FSTL1 has been intensively studied over the last years, though its mechanism of action remains elusive. FSTL1 is involved in multiple signaling pathways and biological processes, including vascularization and regulation of the immune response, a feature that complicates its study. Binding to the DIP2A, TLR4 and BMP receptors have been shown, but other molecular partners probably exist. During cancer progression and rheumatoid arthritis, controversial data have been reported with respect to the proliferative, apoptotic, migratory, and inflammatory effects of FSTL1. This controversy might reside in the extensive post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1. The FSTL1 primary transcript also encodes for a microRNA (miR-198) in primates and multiple microRNA-binding sites are present in the 3'UTR. The switch between expression of the FSTL1 protein and miR-198 is an important regulator of tumour metastasis and wound healing. The glycosylation state of FSTL1 is a determinant of biological activity, in cardiomyocytes the glycosylated form promoting proliferation and the non-glycosylated working anti-apoptotic. Moreover, the glycosylation state shows differences between species and tissues which might underlie the differences observed in in vitro studies. Finally, regulation at the level of protein secretion has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mattiotti
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuti Prakash
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Cell type specific expression of Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) in mouse embryonic lung development. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:399-409. [PMID: 29916090 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin like-1 (Fstl1) is a secreted glycoprotein and can be up-regulated by TGF-β1. To better study the function of Fstl1 in lung development, we examined Fstl1 expression in the developing lung, in a cell type specific manner, using a tamoxifen inducible Fstl1-reporter mouse strain. Our results show that Fstl1 is ubiquitously expressed at saccular stage in the developing lung. At E18.5, Fstl1 expression is robust in most type of mesenchymal cells, including airway smooth muscle cells surrounding airways, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and vascular pericytes from blood vessel, but not PDGFRα+ fibroblasts in the distal alveolar sacs. Meanwhile, relative weak and sporadic signals of Fstl1 expression are observed in epithelium, including a subgroup of club cells in proximal airways and a few type II alveolar epithelial cells in distal airways. Our data help to understand the critical role of Fstl1 in lung development and lung disease pathogenesis.
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27
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Abstract
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse Mus musculus, the African clawed frog of the genus Xenopus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio, highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
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28
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Yang Y, Mu T, Li T, Xie S, Zhou J, Liu M, Li D. Effects of FSTL1 on the proliferation and motility of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:606-612. [PMID: 28857515 PMCID: PMC5668505 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatments that prevent the motility of breast cancer cells and inhibit formation of new capillary vessels are urgently needed. FSTL1 is a secreted protein that has been implicated in maintaining the normal physiological function of the cardiovascular system, in addition to a variety of other biological functions. We investigated the role of FSTL1 in the proliferation and migration of breast cancer and vascular endothelial cells. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human breast cancer BT‐549 cells were used to test the effects of FSTL1 and the N‐terminal domain of FSTL1. Immunofluorescence microscopy and 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, transwell invasion, and wound healing assays were conducted. Results Different doses of the N‐terminal fragment of FSTL1 (FSTL‐N) have variable effects on the migration of these cells. However, FSTL1 does not significantly affect tube formation in vitro from vascular endothelial cells. FSTL1‐FL and FSTL1‐N have modest effects on the invasion of breast cancer and vascular endothelial cells. Interestingly, FSTL1‐FL, but not FSTL‐N, modulates vascular endothelial cell polarization. Conclusion FSTL1 modestly affects the proliferation of breast cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Our findings improve our understanding of the functions of FSTL1 in breast cancer development and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianhao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Te Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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29
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Chen F, Hu Q, Huang H, Chen B, Xia Y, Liu W. Follistatin-like protein 1 increases transepithelial resistance in kidney epithelial cells through Akt signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4341-4347. [PMID: 28765894 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are intercellular junctional structures that control paracellular permeability across epithelial cell sheets, and serve as a barrier to the intramembranic diffusion of components between apical and basolateral cell membrane domains. Follistatin‑like protein 1 (FSTL1) has been reported to promote cellular metabolism and survival. FSTL1 has been revealed to be highly expressed in adult kidney tissues, and high FSTL1 levels have been reported in mouse and human serum samples; however, the roles of FSTL1 in the regulation of kidney function remain to be elucidated. In the present study, FSTL1 was demonstrated to increase the transepithelial electrical resistance in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FSTL1 were also investigated and the results suggested that FSTL1 may exert its actions through the modulation of Akt signaling. In addition, FSTL1 was revealed to produce no effect on the migratory capabilities of mIMCD3 cells. The results of the present study suggested that FSTL1 may facilitate the formation of tight junctions and regulate their function in renal tubular epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming University of Sciences and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yin Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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30
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Prakash S, Borreguero LJJ, Sylva M, Flores Ruiz L, Rezai F, Gunst QD, de la Pompa JL, Ruijter JM, van den Hoff MJB. Deletion of Fstl1 (Follistatin-Like 1) From the Endocardial/Endothelial Lineage Causes Mitral Valve Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e116-e130. [PMID: 28705792 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fstl1 (Follistatin-like 1) is a secreted protein that is expressed in the atrioventricular valves throughout embryonic development, postnatal maturation, and adulthood. In this study, we investigated the loss of Fstl1 in the endocardium/endothelium and their derived cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS We conditionally ablated Fstl1 from the endocardial lineage using a transgenic Tie2-Cre mouse model. These mice showed a sustained Bmp and Tgfβ signaling after birth. This resulted in ongoing proliferation and endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition and ultimately in deformed nonfunctional mitral valves and a hypertrophic dilated heart. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic analyses revealed that loss of Fstl1 leads to mitral regurgitation and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac function gradually deteriorated resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and death of the mice between 2 and 4 weeks after birth. CONCLUSIONS We report on a mouse model in which deletion of Fstl1 from the endocardial/endothelial lineage results in deformed mitral valves, which cause regurgitation, heart failure, and early cardiac death. The findings provide a potential molecular target for the clinical research into myxomatous mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Prakash
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Luis J J Borreguero
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Marc Sylva
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Lorena Flores Ruiz
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Fereshte Rezai
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Quinn D Gunst
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - José-Luis de la Pompa
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Jan M Ruijter
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.)
| | - Maurice J B van den Hoff
- From the Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.P., M.S., F.R., Q.D.G., J.M.R., M.J.B.v.d.H.); Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.B., L.F.R.); and Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigación Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (J.-L.d.l.P.).
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31
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Liu X, Liu Y, Li X, Zhao J, Geng Y, Ning W. Follistatin like-1 (Fstl1) is required for the normal formation of lung airway and vascular smooth muscle at birth. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177899. [PMID: 28574994 PMCID: PMC5456059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fstl1, a secreted protein of the BMP antagonist class, has been implicated in the regulation of lung development and alveolar maturation. Here we generated a Fstl1-lacZ reporter mouse line as well as a Fstl1 knockout allele. We localized Fstl1 transcript in lung smooth muscle cells and identified Fstl1 as essential regulator of lung smooth muscle formation. Deletion of Fstl1 in mice led to postnatal death as a result of respiratory failure due to multiple defects in lung development. Analysis of the mutant phenotype showed impaired airway smooth muscle (SM) manifested as smaller SM line in trachea and discontinued SM surrounding bronchi, which were associated with decreased transcriptional factors myocardin/serum response factor (SRF) and impaired differentiation of SM cells. Fstl1 knockout mice also displayed abnormal vasculature SM manifested as hyperplasia SM in pulmonary artery. This study indicates a pivotal role for Fstl1 in early stage of lung airway smooth muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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32
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Zheng X, Qi C, Zhang S, Fang Y, Ning W. TGF-β1 induces Fstl1 via the Smad3-c-Jun pathway in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L240-L251. [PMID: 28495857 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00523.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has long been regarded as a central mediator of tissue fibrosis. Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a crucial profibrotic glycoprotein that is upregulated in fibrotic lung tissues, and it promotes fibrogenesis via facilitating TGF-β signaling. Here we examined the signaling pathway by which TGF-β1 upregulates Fstl1 expression in mouse pulmonary fibroblasts. TGF-β1 regulated Fstl1 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Although TGF-β1 rapidly activated the Smad, MAPK, and Akt pathways in lung fibroblasts, only Smad2/3 inhibition eliminated TGF-β1-induced Fstl1 expression. Analysis of the luciferase reporter activity identified a functional c-Jun transcription site in the Fstl1 promoter. Our results suggested a critical role for the Smad3-c-Jun pathway in the regulation of Fstl1 expression by TGF-β1 during fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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33
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Takahashi T, Zimmer J, Friedmacher F, Puri P. Follistatin-like 1 expression is decreased in the alveolar epithelium of hypoplastic rat lungs with nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:706-709. [PMID: 28188034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH), characterized by incomplete alveolar development, remains a major therapeutic challenge associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) is a crucial regulator of alveolar formation and maturation, which is strongly expressed in distal airway epithelium. Fstl1-deficient mice exhibit reduced airspaces, impaired alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, and insufficient production of surfactant proteins similar to PH in human CDH. We hypothesized that pulmonary Fstl1 expression is decreased during alveolarization in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. METHODS Timed-pregnant rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetal lungs were harvested on D18 and D21 and divided into control-/nitrofen-exposed specimens. Alveolarization was assessed using morphometric analysis techniques. Pulmonary gene expression of Fstl1 was determined by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence-double-staining for Fstl1 and alveolar epithelial marker surfactant protein C (SP-C) was performed to evaluate protein expression/localization. RESULTS Radial alveolar count was significantly reduced in hypoplastic lungs of nitrofen-exposed fetuses with significant down regulation of Fstl1 mRNA expression on D18 and D21 compared to controls. Confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy revealed strikingly diminished Fstl1 immunofluorescence and SP-C expression in distal alveolar epithelium of nitrofen-exposed fetuses with CDH-associated PH on D18 and D21 compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of Fstl1 in alveolar epithelium may disrupt alveolarization and pulmonary surfactant production, thus contributing to the development of PH in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Gate 5, Dublin 12, Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Dublin, Ireland.
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34
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Campfield BT, Eddens T, Henkel M, Majewski M, Horne W, Chaly Y, Gaffen SL, Hirsch R, Kolls JK. Follistatin-like protein 1 modulates IL-17 signaling via IL-17RC regulation in stromal cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:656-665. [PMID: 28377613 PMCID: PMC5609702 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1) possesses several newly identified roles in mammalian biology, including IL-17 driven inflammation, though the mechanism underlying FSTL-1 influence on IL-17 mediated cytokine production is unknown. Using parallel in vitro bone marrow stromal cell models of FSTL-1 suppression we employed unbiased microarray analysis to identify FSTL-1 regulated genes and pathways that could influence IL-17 dependent production of IL-6 and G-CSF. We discovered that FSTL-1 modulates Il17rc gene expression. Specifically, FSTL-1 was necessary for Il17rc gene transcription, IL-17RC surface protein expression and IL-17-dependent cytokine production. This work identifies a mechanism by which FSTL-1 influences IL-17 driven inflammatory signalingin vitro and reveals a novel function for FSTL-1, as a modulator of gene expression. Thus, enhanced understanding of the interplay between FSTL-1 and IL-17 mediated inflammation may provide insight into potential therapeutic targets of IL-17 mediated diseases and warrants ongoing study of in vivo models and clinical scenarios of FSTL-1-influenced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Campfield
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin Majewski
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Horne
- Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yury Chaly
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology &Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raphael Hirsch
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Richard K Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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35
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Fang Y, Zhang S, Li X, Jiang F, Ye Q, Ning W. Follistatin like-1 aggravates silica-induced mouse lung injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:399. [PMID: 28341862 PMCID: PMC5428474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational inhalation of dust, such as crystalline silica, for prolonged periods in the workplace leads to fibrotic lung diseases worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the diseases are unknown, so that no effective treatment exists for these conditions. We found elevated levels of follistatin like 1 (FSTL1) in serum from patients with silicosis and in lungs from silica-induced mouse model. The induced Fstl1 regulated inflammation response via activation of nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3v (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production from macrophages. Meanwhile, Fstl1 promoted fibrosis via positive regulation of TGF-β1 signaling. Haploinsufficiency of Fstl1 or blockage of FSTL1 with a neutralizing antibody was protective from silica-induced lung injury in mice in vivo. Our data suggest that Fstl1 plays an important role in lung fibrosis, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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36
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A neuronal PI(3,4,5)P 3-dependent program of oligodendrocyte precursor recruitment and myelination. Nat Neurosci 2016; 20:10-15. [PMID: 27775720 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular trigger of CNS myelination is unknown. By targeting Pten in cerebellar granule cells and activating the AKT1-mTOR pathway, we increased the caliber of normally unmyelinated axons and the expression of numerous genes encoding regulatory proteins. This led to the expansion of genetically wild-type oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte differentiation and de novo myelination of parallel fibers. Thus, a neuronal program dependent on the phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 is sufficient to trigger all steps of myelination.
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37
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“Pro-youthful” factors in the “labyrinth” of cardiac rejuvenation. Exp Gerontol 2016; 83:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Abstract
The discovery of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands and the realization that their bioactivities need to be tightly controlled temporally and spatially led to intensive research that has identified a multitude of extracellular modulators of TGF-β family ligands, uncovered their functions in developmental and pathophysiological processes, defined the mechanisms of their activities, and explored potential modulator-based therapeutic applications in treating human diseases. These studies revealed a diverse repertoire of extracellular and membrane-associated molecules that are capable of modulating TGF-β family signals via control of ligand availability, processing, ligand-receptor interaction, and receptor activation. These molecules include not only soluble ligand-binding proteins that were conventionally considered as agonists and antagonists of TGF-β family of growth factors, but also extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteoglycans that can serve as "sink" and control storage and release of both the TGF-β family ligands and their regulators. This extensive network of soluble and ECM modulators helps to ensure dynamic and cell-specific control of TGF-β family signals. This article reviews our knowledge of extracellular modulation of TGF-β growth factors by diverse proteins and their molecular mechanisms to regulate TGF-β family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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39
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Maruyama S, Nakamura K, Papanicolaou KN, Sano S, Shimizu I, Asaumi Y, van den Hoff MJ, Ouchi N, Recchia FA, Walsh K. Follistatin-like 1 promotes cardiac fibroblast activation and protects the heart from rupture. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:949-66. [PMID: 27234440 PMCID: PMC4967946 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin‐like 1 (Fstl1) is a secreted protein that is acutely induced in heart following myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated cell type‐specific regulation of Fstl1 and its function in a murine model of MI. Fstl1 was robustly expressed in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the infarcted area compared to cardiac myocytes. The conditional ablation of Fstl1 in S100a4‐expressing fibroblast lineage cells (Fstl1‐cfKO mice) led to a reduction in injury‐induced Fstl1 expression and increased mortality due to cardiac rupture during the acute phase. Cardiac rupture was associated with a diminished number of myofibroblasts and decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteins. The infarcts of Fstl1‐cfKO mice displayed weaker birefringence, indicative of thin and loosely packed collagen. Mechanistically, the migratory and proliferative capabilities of cardiac fibroblasts were attenuated by endogenous Fstl1 ablation. The activation of cardiac fibroblasts by Fstl1 was mediated by ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3 signaling. This study reveals that Fstl1 is essential for the acute repair of the infarcted myocardium and that stimulation of early fibroblast activation is a novel function of Fstl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonomi Maruyama
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuto Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyriakos N Papanicolaou
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soichi Sano
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurice J van den Hoff
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Li X, Fang Y, Li X, Liang J, Jiang D, Geng Y, Ning W. Apical Secretion of FSTL1 in the Respiratory Epithelium for Normal Lung Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158385. [PMID: 27355685 PMCID: PMC4927184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, and it plays a crucial role in normal lung development. Deletion of Fstl1 leads to postnatal death in mice due to respiratory failure. To further explore the role of FSTL1 in mouse lung development, we created a transgene SFTPC-Fstl1 allele mouse displaying significant epithelial overexpression of Fstl1 in all stages of lung development. However, epithelial overexpression of Fstl1 did not alter lung morphogenesis, epithelial differentiation and lung function. Moreover, we found that FSTL1 function was blocked by the epithelial polarization, which was reflected by the remarkable apical secretion of FSTL1 and the basolateral BMP signaling. Taken together, this study demonstrates that tightly spatial interaction of FSTL1 and BMP signaling plays an essential role in lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States of America
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States of America
| | - Yan Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States of America
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- * E-mail: (WN); (YG)
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- * E-mail: (WN); (YG)
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Miller M, Esnault S, Kurten RC, Kelly EA, Beppu A, Das S, Rosenthal P, Ramsdell J, Croft M, Zuraw B, Jarjour N, Hamid Q, Broide DH. Segmental allergen challenge increases levels of airway follistatin-like 1 in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:596-599.e4. [PMID: 27001159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Richard C Kurten
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Elizabeth A Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Joe Ramsdell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, Calif.
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42
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Lin W, Ezura Y, Izu Y, Aryal A.C S, Kawasaki M, Na Mahasarakham Chantida P, Moriyama K, Noda M. Profilin Expression Is Regulated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) in Osteoblastic Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Smriti Aryal A.C
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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43
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Alteköester AK, Harvey RP. Bioengineered FSTL1 Patches Restore Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:731-733. [PMID: 26596868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Improving the limited ability of the heart to regenerate after infarction is crucial. Researchers now demonstrate that delivery of follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) into injured hearts via collagen patches stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac functional recovery. These findings highlight the epicardium as a source of novel regenerative factors and biomimetic nanomaterials in cardiac translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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44
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Sun YW, Li FG, Chen J, Jiang XY, Zou SM. Two follistatin-like 1 homologs are differentially expressed in adult tissues and during embryogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:1-8. [PMID: 26439673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) peptides play important roles in inhibiting myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Here, we characterized and examined the expression patterns of fstl1a and -b in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). These genes encode 314 aa and 310 aa peptides, respectively, sharing a sequence identity of 83%. Except for the existence of the follistatin-N-terminal (FOLN) and Kazal-type 2 serine protease inhibitor (Kazal 2) domains, grass carp Fstl1a and -b do not share amino acid sequence similarity with Fst1 and -b. Both fstl1a and -b mRNAs were widely expressed in adult tissues. During embryogenesis, grass carp fstl1a and -b mRNA was detected in the presomitic mesoderm and somites at 12h post fertilization (hpf). At 24hpf, fstl1a mRNA was expressed in the hindbrain, somites, notochord and tailbud, while fstl1b mRNA was only detected in the tailbud. At 36hpf, fstl1a mRNA was detected in the hindbrain and notochord, and fstl1b was also expressed in the notochord. Furthermore, fstl1a and -b were downregulated in brain and liver tissue following injection with 10 or 50μg hGH, while fstl1b was significantly up-regulated in muscle tissue after 10μg hGH treatment. Both fstl1a and -b were significantly up-regulated at 2, 4 or 6days of nutrient restriction, and fstl1a was still highly expressed in the liver and muscle after 3days of refeeding, as was fstl1b in the brain and muscle. The expression of these genes returned to near control levels following 6days of refeeding. Our findings suggest that the two fstls play important but divergent roles in embryonic development and tissue growth regulation in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fu-Gui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xia-Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Liu R, Yang Y, Shen J, Chen H, Zhang Q, Ba R, Wei Y, Li KC, Zhang X, Zhao C. Fstl1 is involved in the regulation of radial glial scaffold development. Mol Brain 2015; 8:53. [PMID: 26382033 PMCID: PMC4573935 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radial glial cells (RGCs), the instructive scaffolds for neuronal migration, are well characterized by their unique morphology and polarization; these cells extend elongated basal processes to the pial basement membrane (BM) and parallel to one another. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the developmental regulation and maintenance of this unique morphology. Results Here, by crossing Fstl1fl/fl mice with an EIIa-Cre line, we identified a new role for the secreted glycoprotein Follistatin like-1 (FSTL1). The ablation of Fstl1 in both of its cortical expression domains, the ventricular zone (VZ) and the pia mater, resulted in RGC morphologic disruption; basal processes were not parallel to each other, and endfeet exhibited greater density and branching. However, Fstl1 deletion in only the VZ in the Emx1IREScre; Fstl1fl/fl line did not affect RGC morphology, indicating that FSTL1 derived from the pia mater might be more important for RGC morphology. In addition, upper-layer projection neurons, not deeper-layer projection neurons, failed to reach their appropriate positions. We also found that BMP, AKT/PKB, Cdc42, GSK3β, integrin and reelin signals, which have previously been reported to regulate RGC development, were unchanged, indicating that Fstl1 may function through a unique mechanism. Conclusions In the present study, we identified a new role for FSTL1 in the development of radial glial scaffolds and the neuronal migration of upper-layer projection neurons. Our findings will improve understanding of the regulation of RGC development and neuronal migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0144-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Junhui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - He Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Kai-Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Mouillet JF, Mishima T, Paffaro AMDA, Parks TW, Ziegler JA, Chu T, Sadovsky Y. The expression and post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1 transcripts in placental trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:1231-8. [PMID: 26386648 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Follistatin-like-1 (FSTL1) is a widely expressed secreted protein with diverse but poorly understood functions. Originally described as a pro-inflammatory molecule, it has recently been reported to play a role in signaling pathways that regulate development and homeostasis. Distinctively, FSTL1 harbors within its 3'-UTR the sequence encoding microRNA-198 (miR-198), shown to be inversely regulated relative to FSTL1 expression and to exhibit opposite actions on cellular processes such as cell migration. We sought to investigate the expression of FSTL1 and to assess its interplay with miR-198 in human trophoblasts. METHODS We used a combination of northern blot analyses, quantitative PCR, small RNA sequencing, western blot and immunohistochemistry to characterize FSTL1 and miR-198 expression in placental trophoblasts. We also used reporter assays to examine the post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1 and assess its putative regulation by miR-198. RESULTS We detected the expression of FSTL1 transcript in both the human extravillous trophoblast line HTR-8/SVneo and in primary term human villous trophoblasts. We also found that the expression of FSTL1 was largely restricted to extravillous trophoblasts. Hypoxia enhanced the expression of FSTL1 protein in cultured primary villous trophoblasts. Interestingly, we did not detect any evidence for expression or function of mature miR-198 in human trophoblasts. DISCUSSION Our data indicate that placental FSTL1 is expressed particularly in extravillous trophoblasts. We also found no evidence for placental expression of miR-198, or for its regulation of FSTL1, implying that the post-transcriptional regulation of FSTL1 by miR-198 is tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takuya Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Mollica do Amarante Paffaro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Tony W Parks
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Judy A Ziegler
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Miller M, Beppu A, Rosenthal P, Pham A, Das S, Karta M, Song DJ, Vuong C, Doherty T, Croft M, Zuraw B, Zhang X, Gao X, Aceves S, Chouiali F, Hamid Q, Broide DH. Fstl1 Promotes Asthmatic Airway Remodeling by Inducing Oncostatin M. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3546-56. [PMID: 26355153 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic asthma is associated with airway remodeling and decline in lung function. In this article, we show that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), a mediator not previously associated with asthma, is highly expressed by macrophages in the lungs of humans with severe asthma. Chronic allergen-challenged Lys-Cre(tg) /Fstl1(Δ/Δ) mice in whom Fstl1 is inactivated in macrophages/myeloid cells had significantly reduced airway remodeling and reduced levels of oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine previously not known to be regulated by Fstl1. The importance of the Fstl1 induction of OSM to airway remodeling was demonstrated in murine studies in which administration of Fstl1 induced airway remodeling and increased OSM, whereas administration of an anti-OSM Ab blocked the effect of Fstl1 on inducing airway remodeling, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness, all cardinal features of asthma. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the Fstl1/OSM pathway may be a novel pathway to inhibit airway remodeling in severe human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Peter Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexa Pham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Maya Karta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Christine Vuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Taylor Doherty
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bruce Zuraw
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Seema Aceves
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and
| | - Fazila Chouiali
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2p2, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2p2, Canada
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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Mulloy B, Rider CC. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Antagonists. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 99:63-90. [PMID: 26279373 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the growth and differentiation factors comprise a single family of some 20 homologous, dimeric cytokines which share the cystine-knot domain typical of the TGF-β superfamily. They control the differentiation and activity of a range of cell types, including many outside bone and cartilage. They serve as developmental morphogens, but are also important in chronic pathologies, including tissue fibrosis and cancer. One mechanism for enabling tight spatiotemporal control of their activities is through a number of antagonist proteins, including Noggin, Follistatin, Chordin, Twisted gastrulation (TSG), and the seven members of the Cerberus and Dan family. These antagonists are secreted proteins that bind selectively to particular BMPs with high affinity, thereby blocking receptor engagement and signaling. Most of these antagonists also possess a TGF-β cystine-knot domain. Here, we discuss current knowledge and understanding of the structures and activities of the BMPs and their antagonists, with a particular focus on the latter proteins. Recent advances in structural biology of BMP antagonists have begun the process of elucidating the molecular basis of their activity, displaying a surprising variety between the modes of action of these closely related proteins. We also discuss the interactions of the antagonists with the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, which is found ubiquitously on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mulloy
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Chris C Rider
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Kudo-Saito C. Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells aggravate tumor progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:23. [PMID: 25883937 PMCID: PMC4381695 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have both stemness and multi-modulatory activities on other cells, and the immunosuppressive and tumor-promotive mechanisms have been intensively investigated in cancer. The role of MSCs appears to be revealed in tumor aggravation, and targeting MSCs seems to be a promising strategy for treating cancer patients. However, it is still impractical in clinical therapy, since the precise MSCs are poorly understood in the in vivo setting. In previous studies, MSCs were obtained from different sources, and were prepared by ex vivo expansion for a long term. The inconsistent experimental conditions made the in vivo MSCs obscure. To define the MSCs in the host is a priority issue for targeting MSCs in cancer therapy. We recently identified a unique subpopulation of MSCs increasing in mice and human with cancer metastasis. These MSCs are specifically expanded by metastatic tumor cells, and promote tumor progression and dissemination accompanied by immune suppression and dysfunction in the host, more powerfully than normal MSCs growing without interference of cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of MSCs in tumor aggravation, along with our new findings of the bizarre MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
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