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Wójcik-Piotrowicz K, Kaszuba-Zwoińska J, Piszczek P, Nowak B, Guzdek P, Gil K, Rokita E. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields influence the expression of calcium metabolism related proteins in leukocytic cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104320. [PMID: 37984675 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to verify the hypothesis concerning low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs)-related changes in cell viability through the biomechanism(s) based on calcineurin (CaN)-mediated signaling pathways triggered via ROS-like molecules. For experiments, Mono Mac 6 and U937 leukocytic cell lines were chosen and exposed to various LF-MFs and/or puromycin (PMC). The protein expression level of key regulatory proteins of calcium metabolism was examined by Western Blot analysis. In turn, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability parameters were evaluated by cytochrome C reduction assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The simultaneous action of applied MF and PMC influenced cell viability in a MF-dependent manner. The changes in cell viability were correlated with protein expression and ROS levels. It was verified experimentally that applied stress stimuli influence cell susceptibility to undergo cell death. Moreover, the evoked bioeffects might be recognized as specific to both types of leukocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wójcik-Piotrowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza street 16, 31-530 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kaszuba-Zwoińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta street 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta street 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta street 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Guzdek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Lotników street 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta street 18, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Rokita
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza street 16, 31-530 Cracow, Poland
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Barati M, Darvishi B, Javidi MA, Mohammadian A, Shariatpanahi SP, Eisavand MR, Madjid Ansari A. Cellular stress response to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF-EMF on apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13154. [PMID: 34741480 PMCID: PMC8666288 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and almost all of the non‐surgical approaches of eradicating tumour cells somehow promote induction of apoptosis. Indeed, numerous studies have stated that non‐ionizing non‐thermal extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MF) can modulate the induction of apoptosis in exposed cells; however, much controversy exists in observations. When cells are exposed to ELF‐EMF alone, very low or no statistically significant changes in apoptosis are observed. Contrarily, exposure to ELF‐EMF in the presence of a co‐stressor, including a chemotherapeutic agent or ionizing radiation, can either potentiate or inhibit apoptotic effects of the co‐stressor. In our idea, the main point neglected in interpreting these discrepancies is “the cellular stress responses” of cells following ELF‐EMF exposure and its interplay with apoptosis. The main purpose of the current review was to outline the triangle of ELF‐EMF, the cellular stress response of cells and apoptosis and to interpret and unify discrepancies in results based on it. Therefore, initially, we will describe studies performed on identifying the effect of ELF‐EMF on induction/inhibition of apoptosis and enumerate proposed pathways through which ELF‐EMF exposure may affect apoptosis; then, we will explain cellular stress response and cues for its induction in response to ELF‐EMF exposure; and finally, we will explain why such controversies have been observed by different investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Barati
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Eisavand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Gorenskaya OV, Gavrilov AB, Zatsepina OG, Shckorbatov YG, Evgen’ev MB. The Role of Hsp70 Genes in Promoting Control of Viability in Drosophila melanogaster Subjected to Microwave Irradiation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mengistu BM, Bitsue HK, Huang K. The Effects of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics on Growth Performance, Oocysts Shedding, Intestinal Cecal Lesion Scores, Antioxidant Capacity, and mRNA Gene Expression in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:278-291. [PMID: 32222936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of selenium-enriched probiotics (SP) supplementation on growth performance, oocysts shedding, intestinal lesions and antioxidant capacities, and mRNA gene expression of local Chinese yellow male chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. One-day-old 270 chickens were randomly assigned into five groups, each consisting of three replicates with 18 chickens per replicate. Chickens in the negative and positive controls (NC, PC, respectively) received basal diets only (0.11 mg Se/kg), whereas the other groups were supplied basal diets with probiotics and designated as (P, 0.11 mg Se/kg), sodium selenite (SS, 0.41 mg Se/kg), and (SP, 0.41 mg Se/kg) groups. At 21 days of age, except the NC group, all other groups were infected by oral gavage with 1.5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts per chicken. Three chickens were randomly selected from each group for serum, liver, and cecal specimen collection. The results showed that P, SS, and SP had significant increase weight gain and feed intake. Additionally, these groups showed higher activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) compared to the PC group, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained lower. Moreover, P, SS, and SP groups had lower oocyst shedding and cecal lesion scores. Significant upregulation of the glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1), glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), Selenium W (SelW), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression were detected in the SP group, which was then followed by SS when compared to the P group, whereas mRNA expression down-regulated in the PC group compared to NC, P, SS, and SP. In the NC and P groups, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression, except that IFN-γ mRNA level upregulated in P. We concluded that selenium-enriched probiotic supplementation has profound effects in enhancing the growth performance, antioxidant capacities, mRNA gene expression, reduced of oocysts shedding, and the cecal lesion scores of chickens and do provide protection against E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhe Mekonnen Mengistu
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.B: 2084, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Habtom Kiros Bitsue
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.B: 2084, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhong S, Hu G, Zuo W. The Effects of Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Cochlear Stria Marginal Cells in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 41:219-229. [PMID: 32072661 PMCID: PMC7154754 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the possible mechanisms for biological effects of 1,800 MHz mobile radiofrequency radiation (RFR), the radiation-specific absorption rate was applied at 2 and 4 W/kg, and the exposure mode was 5 min on and 10 min off (conversation mode). Exposure time was 24 h short-term exposure. Following exposure, to detect cell DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the Comet assay test, flow cytometry, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining, and a fluorescent probe were used, respectively. Our experiments revealed that mobile phone RFR did not cause DNA damage in marginal cells, and the rate of cell apoptosis did not increase (P > 0.05). However, the production of ROS in the 4 W/kg exposure group was greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that mobile phone energy was insufficient to cause cell DNA damage and cell apoptosis following short-term exposure, but the cumulative effect of mobile phone radiation still requires further confirmation. Activation of the ROS system plays a significant role in the biological effects of RFR. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixun Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqi Zuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Chandel S, Kaur S, Issa M, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Appraisal of immediate and late effects of mobile phone radiations at 2100 MHz on mitotic activity and DNA integrity in root meristems of Allium cepa. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1399-1407. [PMID: 31115694 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the potential of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiations to act as cytotoxic and genotoxic agent. Fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) roots were exposed to electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) for different durations (1 h and 4 h) and evaluated for mitotic index (MI), phase index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage. DNA damage was investigated with the help of the comet assay by assessing various parameters like % head DNA (HDNA), % tail DNA (TDNA), tail moment (TM), and olive tail moment (OTM). Effects of EMF-r exposure were also compared with that of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS; 90 μM), which acted as a positive control. The post-exposure effects of EMF-r after providing the test plants with an acclimatization period of 24 h were also evaluated. Compared to the control, a significant increase in the MI and aberration percentage was recorded upon 4 h of exposure. However, no specific trend of phase index in response to exposure was detected. EMF-r exposure incited DNA damage with a significant decrease in HDNA accompanied by an increase in TDNA upon exposure of 4 h. However, TM and OTM did not change significantly upon exposure as compared to that of control. Analysis of the post-exposure effects of EMF-r did not show any significant change/recovery. Our data, thus, suggest the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic nature of 2100 MHz EMF-r. Our study bears great significance in view of the swiftly emergent EMF-r in the surrounding environment and their potential for inciting aberrations at the chromosomal level, thus posing a genetic hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chandel
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Mohd Issa
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
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Tschöpe C, Kherad B, Klein O, Lipp A, Blaschke F, Gutterman D, Burkhoff D, Hamdani N, Spillmann F, Van Linthout S. Cardiac contractility modulation: mechanisms of action in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and beyond. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:14-22. [PMID: 30485591 PMCID: PMC6607484 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality and is increasing in prevalence. Although there has been remarkable progress in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), morbidity and mortality are still substantial. Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) signals, consisting of biphasic high-voltage bipolar signals delivered to the right ventricular septum during the absolute refractory period, have been shown to improve symptoms, exercise tolerance and quality of life and reduce the rate of HF hospitalizations in patients with ejection fractions (EF) between 25% and 45%. CCM therapy is currently approved in the European Union, China, India, Australia and Brazil for use in symptomatic HFrEF patients with normal or slightly prolonged QRS duration. CCM is particularly beneficial in patients with baseline EF between 35% and 45%, which includes half the range of HF patients with mid-range EFs (HFmrEF). At the cellular level, CCM has been shown in HFrEF patients to improve calcium handling, to reverse the foetal myocyte gene programme associated with HF, and to facilitate reverse remodelling. This review highlights the preclinical and clinical literature related to CCM in HFrEF and HFmrEF and outlines the potential of CCM for HF with preserved EF, concluding that CCM may fill an important unmet need in the therapeutic approach to HF across the range of EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Behrouz Kherad
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Axel Lipp
- Department of NeurologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, CVKBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cardiovascular PhysiologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Frank Spillmann
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Department of CardiologyUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)BerlinGermany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK)Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
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Maliszewska J, Marciniak P, Kletkiewicz H, Wyszkowska J, Nowakowska A, Rogalska J. Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:605-611. [PMID: 29721708 PMCID: PMC5966488 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) induces physiological changes in organism that are observed at different levels—from biochemical processes to behavior. In this study, we evaluated the effect of EMF exposure (50 Hz, 7 mT) on cockroach’s response to noxious heat, measured as the latency to escape from high ambient temperature. We also measured the levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione content as markers of oxidative balance in cockroaches exposed to EMF. Our results showed that exposure to EMF for 24, 72 h and 7 days significantly increases the latency to escape from noxious heat. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly after 24-h EMF exposure and remained elevated up to 7 days of exposure. Glutathione levels significantly declined in cockroaches exposed to EMF for 7 days. These results demonstrate that EMF exposure is a considerable stress factor that affects oxidative state and heat perception in American cockroach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Maliszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wyszkowska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Zeni O, Simkó M, Scarfi MR, Mattsson MO. Cellular Response to ELF-MF and Heat: Evidence for a Common Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins? Front Public Health 2017; 5:280. [PMID: 29094036 PMCID: PMC5651525 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that magnetic fields in the extremely low frequency range (ELF-MF) can act as a stressor in various in vivo or in vitro systems, at flux density levels below those inducing excitation of nerve and muscle cells, which are setting the limits used by most generally accepted exposure guidelines, such as the ones published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. In response to a variety of physiological and environmental factors, including heat, cells activate an ancient signaling pathway leading to the transient expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which exhibit sophisticated protection mechanisms. A number of studies suggest that also ELF-MF exposure can activate the cellular stress response and cause increased HSPs expression, both on the mRNA and the protein levels. In this review, we provide some of the presently available data on cellular responses, especially regarding HSP expression, due to single and combined exposure to ELF-MF and heat, with the aim to compare the induced effects and to detect possible common modes of action. Some evidence suggest that MF and heat can act as costressors inducing a kind of thermotolerance in cell cultures and in organisms. The MF exposure might produce a potentiated or synergistic biological response such as an increase in HSPs expression, in combination with a well-defined stress, and in turn exert beneficial effects during certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosaria Scarfi
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mats-Olof Mattsson
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Energy, Environmental Resources and Technologies, Tulln, Austria
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Unraveling the mechanistic effects of electric field stimulation towards directing stem cell fate and function: A tissue engineering perspective. Biomaterials 2017; 150:60-86. [PMID: 29032331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electric field (EF) stimulation can play a vital role in eliciting appropriate stem cell response. Such an approach is recently being established to guide stem cell differentiation through osteogenesis/neurogenesis/cardiomyogenesis. Despite significant recent efforts, the biophysical mechanisms by which stem cells sense, interpret and transform electrical cues into biochemical and biological signals still remain unclear. The present review critically analyses the variety of EF stimulation approaches that can be employed to evoke appropriate stem cell response and also makes an attempt to summarize the underlying concepts of this notion, placing special emphasis on stem cell based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review also discusses the major signaling pathways and cellular responses that are elicited by electric stimulation, including the participation of reactive oxygen species and heat shock proteins, modulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration, ATP production and numerous other events involving the clustering or reassembling of cell surface receptors, cytoskeletal remodeling and so on. The specific advantages of using external electric stimulation in different modalities to regulate stem cell fate processes are highlighted with explicit examples, in vitro and in vivo.
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11
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Zhang ZY, Zhang J, Yang CJ, Lian HY, Yu H, Huang XM, Cai P. Coupling Mechanism of Electromagnetic Field and Thermal Stress on Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162675. [PMID: 27611438 PMCID: PMC5017647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor in research on the biological effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), but interactions between ELF-EMF and temperature remain unknown. The effects of ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 3 mT) on the lifespan, locomotion, heat shock response (HSR), and oxidative stress (OS) of Canton-Special (CS) and mutant w1118 flies were investigated at 25°C and 35°C (thermal stress). Results showed that thermal stress accelerated the death rates of CS and w1118 flies, shortened their lifespan, and influenced their locomotion rhythm and activity. The upregulated expression levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 22, HSP26, and HSP70 indicated that HSR was enhanced. Thermal stress-induced OS response increased malondialdehyde content, enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased reactive oxygen species level. The effects of thermal stress on the death rates, lifespan, locomotion, and HSP gene expression of flies, especially w1118 line, were also enhanced by ELF-EMF. In conclusion, thermal stress weakened the physiological function and promoted the HSR and OS of flies. ELF-EMF aggravated damages and enhanced thermal stress-induced HSP and OS response. Therefore, thermal stress and ELF-EMF elicited a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yong Lian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Bianchi F, Salaroli R, Botelho G, Bacci ML, Ventrella V, Forni M. Deleterious effects of tributyltin on porcine vascular stem cells physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:38-44. [PMID: 26965667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The vascular functional and structural integrity is essential for the maintenance of the whole organism and it has been demonstrated that different types of vascular progenitor cells resident in the vessel wall play an important role in this process. The purpose of the present research was to observe the effect of tributyltin (TBT), a risk factor for vascular disorders, on porcine Aortic Vascular Precursor Cells (pAVPCs) in term of cytotoxicity, gene expression profile, functionality and differentiation potential. We have demonstrated that pAVPCs morphology deeply changed following TBT treatment. After 48h a cytotoxic effect has been detected and Annexin binding assay demonstrated that TBT induced apoptosis. The transcriptional profile of characteristic pericyte markers has been altered: TBT 10nM substantially induced alpha-SMA, while, TBT 500nM determined a significant reduction of all pericyte markers. IL-6 protein detected in the medium of pAVPCs treated with TBT at both doses studied and with a dose response. TBT has interfered with normal pAVPC functionality preventing their ability to support a capillary-like network. In addition TBT has determined an increase of pAVPC adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion in the present paper we have demonstrated that TBT alters the vascular stem cells in terms of structure, functionality and differentiating capability, therefore effects of TBT in blood should be deeply explored to understand the potential vascular risk associated with the alteration of vascular stem cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research - Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Lugo, Ravenna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems at the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DEVET, UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Racuciu M, Miclaus S, Creanga D. On the thermal effect induced in tissue samples exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 13:85. [PMID: 26682060 PMCID: PMC4682274 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of electromagnetic exposure on mammalian tissues was approached as a public health issue aiming to reveal the putative side effect of 50 Hz industrial and domestic supply source (i) during aliments storage near such sources; (ii) in people staying couple of hours in the proximity of conducting wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescence emission based thermal sensor was used to emphasize temperature dynamics of fresh meat samples during controlled electromagnetic exposure in Helmholtz coils adjusted to deliver 50 Hz / (4÷10) mT electromagnetic field in their inner volume. Fluoroptic temperature probe with 0.1 °C accuracy measurement and data acquisition software allowed reading temperature every second, in the tissue volume during exposure. RESULTS The temperature dynamics curves of ex-vivo porcine tissues like liver, kidney, brain, muscle, lung, and bone, were comparatively analyzed - the choosing of the mammalian species being justified by metabolic and physiological similarities with human body. The curve slopes appear to be the same for the range of initial temperatures chosen to perform the tests (20.0 ± 0.1 °C), the temperature increase reaching around 2.0 °C for the magnetic flux density of 10 mT. Quantitative dependence was evidenced between the thermal effect and the magnetic flux density. CONCLUSIONS The technical interpretation is based on heating effect, on bioimpedance increasing and on water vaporization during wet sample exposure. The biomedical aspects derive from the degrading effects of food heating as well as from possible in vivo effects of living body exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Racuciu
- />Environmental Sciences and Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences in “Lucian Blaga” University, Dr. I. Ratiu Street, no. 5-7, Sibiu, 550024 Romania
| | - S. Miclaus
- />Technical Sciences Department, ”Nicolae Balcescu” Land Forces Academy, Revolutiei Street, no. 3-5, Sibiu, 550170 Romania
| | - D. Creanga
- />Biophysics and Medical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 11, Blvd. Carol I, Iasi, 700506 Romania
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14
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Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 modulates epithelial integrity, heat shock protein, and proinflammatory cytokine response in intestinal cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:304149. [PMID: 25948884 PMCID: PMC4408629 DOI: 10.1155/2015/304149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have shown positive effects on gastrointestinal diseases; they have barrier-modulating effects and change the inflammatory response towards pathogens in studies in vitro. The aim of this investigation has been to examine the response of intestinal epithelial cells to Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium), a probiotic positively affecting diarrhea incidence in piglets, and two pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, with specific focus on the probiotic modulation of the response to the pathogenic challenge. Porcine (IPEC-J2) and human (Caco-2) intestinal cells were incubated without bacteria (control), with E. faecium, with enteropathogenic (EPEC) or enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) each alone or in combination with E. faecium. The ETEC strain decreased transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines compared with control cells, an effect that could be prevented by pre- and coincubation with E. faecium. Similar effects were observed for the increased expression of heat shock protein 70 in Caco-2 cells. When the cells were challenged by the EPEC strain, no such pattern of changes could be observed. The reduced decrease in TER and the reduction of the proinflammatory and stress response of enterocytes following pathogenic challenge indicate the protective effect of the probiotic.
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15
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Lodemann U, Dillenseger A, Aschenbach JR, Martens H. Effects of age and controlled oral dosing of Enterococcus faecium on epithelial properties in the piglet small intestine. Benef Microbes 2013; 4:335-344. [PMID: 24311317 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 is a licensed probiotic for piglets that has been shown to positively affect diarrhoea incidence and to act on transport properties and immunological parameters in the porcine intestine. The aim of the present study was to examine its effects on jejunal absorptive and secretory capacities around weaning. Furthermore, the possible involvement of heat shock proteins in the effects of probiotics on epithelial functions was investigated. A significant part of the probiotic was dosed orally to reduce the variability of intake of the probiotic. The piglets were randomly assigned to a control and a probiotic feeding group, the latter receiving 4.5×109 cfu/day of E. faecium directly into the mouth for 34 days starting after birth. Additionally, their feed was supplemented with the probiotic strain. Piglets were weaned at day 29 after birth. Ussing chamber studies were conducted with the mid-jejunum of piglets aged 14, 28, 31, 35 and 56 days. Changes in short-circuit current (ΔIsc) were measured after stimulation of Na+-coupled absorption with L-glutamine or glucose or with the secretagogue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The mRNA expression for SGLT1, CFTR and various heat shock proteins was determined. The transport properties changed significantly with age. The glucose-, L-glutamine- and PGE2-induced changes in Isc were highest at day 31 after birth. No significant differences between the feeding groups were observed. The mRNA of HSP60, HSC70, HSP70 and HSP90 was expressed in the jejunal tissues. The mRNA expression of HSC70 was higher and that of HSP60 was lower in the probiotic group. HSC70 expression increased with age. In conclusion, whereas age effects were observed on absorptive and secretory functions, controlled E. faecium dosing had no measurable effects on these functional parameters in this experimental setup. The possible role of heat shock proteins should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lodemann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Dillenseger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - J R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Delle Monache S, Angelucci A, Sanità P, Iorio R, Bennato F, Mancini F, Gualtieri G, Colonna RC. Inhibition of angiogenesis mediated by extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). PLoS One 2013; 8:e79309. [PMID: 24244477 PMCID: PMC3828379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is an essential therapeutic target in many diseases such as cancer, ischemic diseases, and chronic inflammation. In this regard, extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) seem able to inhibit vessel growth when used in a specific window of amplitude. To investigate the mechanism of anti-angiogenic action of ELF-EMFs we tested the effect of a sinusoidal magnetic field (MF) of 2 mT intensity and frequency of 50 Hz on endothelial cell models HUVEC and MS-1 measuring cell status and proliferation, motility and tubule formation ability. MS-1 cells when injected in mice determined a rapid tumor-like growth that was significantly reduced in mice inoculated with MF-exposed cells. In particular, histological analysis of tumors derived from mice inoculated with MF-exposed MS-1 cells indicated a reduction of hemangioma size, of blood-filled spaces, and in hemorrhage. In parallel, in vitro proliferation of MS-1 treated with MF was significantly inhibited. We also found that the MF-exposure down-regulated the process of proliferation, migration and formation of tubule-like structures in HUVECs. Using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, we collected data about the possible influence of MF on the signalling pathway activated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In particular, MF exposure significantly reduced the expression and activation levels of VEGFR2, suggesting a direct or indirect influence of MF on VEGF receptors placed on cellular membrane. In conclusion MF reduced, in vitro and in vivo, the ability of endothelial cells to form new vessels, most probably affecting VEGF signal transduction pathway that was less responsive to activation. These findings could not only explain the mechanism of anti-angiogenic action exerted by MFs, but also promote the possible development of new therapeutic applications for treatment of those diseases where excessive angiogenesis is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Villarini M, Ambrosini MV, Moretti M, Dominici L, Taha E, Piobbico D, Gambelunghe C, Mariucci G. Brain hsp70 expression and DNA damage in mice exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields: A dose-response study. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:562-70. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.782449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Gan F, Ren F, Chen X, Lv C, Pan C, Ye G, Shi J, Shi X, Zhou H, Shituleni SA, Huang K. Effects of selenium-enriched probiotics on heat shock protein mRNA levels in piglet under heat stress conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2385-2391. [PMID: 23360166 DOI: 10.1021/jf300249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of selenium-enriched probiotics (SP) on tissue selenium (Se) deposition, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) activity and mRNA level, and heat shock protein (Hsp) mRNA levels of piglets under heat stress conditions were investigated. A total of 48 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet (Con, 0.16 mg Se/kg) or basal diets with added probiotics (P, 0.16 mg Se/kg), sodium selenite (SS, 0.46 mg Se/kg), or SP (0.46 mg Se/kg), respectively, for 42 days. Three piglets were randomly selected from each group for blood sample collection at days 0, 14, 28, and 42 and for liver, kidney, and spleen sample collection at day 42. The results showed that P, SS, and SP could significantly down-regulate the average mRNA levels of Hsp70 (17.3, 23.7, and 40.1%) and Hsp27 (22.4, 24.4, and 44.7%) of the tissues, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas SS and SP could significantly elevate Se concentration, GPx1 activity and mRNA level (P < 0.05). The maximal effects of these parameters were observed in SP. It was concluded that SP is a feasible dietary supplementation of piglets under heat stress conditions during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gan
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
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19
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Sheikh AQ, Taghian T, Hemingway B, Cho H, Kogan AB, Narmoneva DA. Regulation of endothelial MAPK/ERK signalling and capillary morphogenesis by low-amplitude electric field. J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120548. [PMID: 22993248 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-amplitude electric field (EF) is an important component of wound-healing response and can promote vascular tissue repair; however, the mechanisms of action on endothelium remain unclear. We hypothesized that physiological amplitude EF regulates angiogenic response of microvascular endothelial cells via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. A custom set-up allowed non-thermal application of EF of high (7.5 GHz) and low (60 Hz) frequency. Cell responses following up to 24 h of EF exposure, including proliferation and apoptosis, capillary morphogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and MAPK pathways activation were quantified. A db/db mouse model of diabetic wound healing was used for in vivo validation. High-frequency EF enhanced capillary morphogenesis, VEGF release, MEK-cRaf complex formation, MEK and ERK phosphorylation, whereas no MAPK/JNK and MAPK/p38 pathways activation was observed. The endothelial response to EF did not require VEGF binding to VEGFR2 receptor. EF-induced MEK phosphorylation was reversed in the presence of MEK and Ca(2+) inhibitors, reduced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition, and did not depend on PI3K pathway activation. The results provide evidence for a novel intracellular mechanism for EF regulation of endothelial angiogenic response via frequency-sensitive MAPK/ERK pathway activation, with important implications for EF-based therapies for vascular tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Sheikh
- Biomedical Engineering, SEEBME, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
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20
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Basile A, Zeppa R, Pasquino N, Arra C, Ammirante M, Festa M, Barbieri A, Giudice A, Pascale M, Turco MC, Rosati A. Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field raises the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein BAG3 in melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2901-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Marcantonio P, Del Re B, Franceschini A, Capri M, Lukas S, Bersani F, Giorgi G. Synergic effect of retinoic acid and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 31:425-33. [PMID: 20564173 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF; 50 Hz, 1 mT) can affect proliferation and differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C, which is representative of high risk neuroblastomas. Cells were subjected to ELF-MF exposure in the presence or absence of a neuronal differentiating agent (all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) for 24-72 h. In each experiment, ELF-MF-exposed samples were compared to sham-exposed samples. Cells exposed to ELF-MF combined with retinoic treatment showed a decreased cellular proliferation and an increased proportion of G(0)/G(1) phase cells compared to cells exposed to either treatment alone. Moreover, ELF-MF- and ATRA-treated cells showed more differentiated morphological traits (a higher neurite number/cell, an increased neurite length), together with a significant increase of mRNA levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and cdk5 genes, both involved in neuronal differentiation. In addition, the expression of cyp19 gene, which is involved both in neuronal differentiation and stress response, was evaluated; cyp19 gene expression was enhanced by ATRA treatment and significantly enhanced further by ELF-MF exposure combined with ATRA. In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF-MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Marcantonio
- Department of Evolutionary Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Italy
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22
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Belton M, Prato FS, Carson JJ. Effect of glutathione depletion, hyperthermia, and a 100-mT static magnetic field on an hsp70/luc reporter system. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 32:453-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Mannerling AC, Simkó M, Mild KH, Mattsson MO. Effects of 50-Hz magnetic field exposure on superoxide radical anion formation and HSP70 induction in human K562 cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2010; 49:731-41. [PMID: 20582429 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between exposure to low-level extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) and certain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental studies have not provided any mechanism for such effects, although at flux density levels significantly higher than the ones encountered in epidemiological studies, radical homoeostasis and levels of stress response proteins can be affected. Here, we report on the influence of MF exposure (50-Hz sine wave; 1 h; 0.025-0.10 mT; vertical or horizontal MF exposure direction) on different cellular parameters (proliferation, cell cycle distribution, superoxide radical anion, and HSP70 protein levels) in the human leukaemia cell line K562. The positive control heat treatment (42°C, 1 h) did not affect either cell proliferation or superoxide radical anion production but caused accumulation of cells in the G2 phase and increased the stress protein HSP70. MF exposure (0.10 mT, 1 h) did not affect either cell cycle kinetics or proliferation. Both vertical and horizontal MF exposures for 1 h caused significantly and transiently increased HSP70 levels (>twofold), at several flux densities, compared to sham controls and also compared to heat treatment. This exposure also increased (30-40%) the levels of the superoxide radical anion, comparable to the positive control PMA. Addition of free radical scavengers (melatonin or 1,10-phenantroline) inhibited the MF-induced increase in HSP70. In conclusion, an early response to ELF MF in K562 cells seems to be an increased amount of oxygen radicals, leading to HSP70 induction. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is a flux density threshold where 50-Hz MF exerts its effects on K562 cells, at or below 0.025 mT, and also that it is the MF, and not the induced electric field, which is the active parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christine Mannerling
- Life Science Center, Academy of Natural Sciences and Technology, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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24
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Heredia-Rojas JA, Rodríguez de la Fuente AO, Alcocer González JM, Rodríguez-Flores LE, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Santoyo-Stephano MA, Castañeda-Garza E, Taméz-Guerra RS. Effect of 60 Hz magnetic fields on the activation of hsp70 promoter in cultured INER-37 and RMA E7 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010; 46:758-63. [PMID: 20835776 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that 50-60 Hz magnetic fields (MF) with flux densities ranging from microtesla to millitesla are able to induce heat shock factor or heat shock proteins in various cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of 60 Hz sinusoidal MF at 8 and 80 μT on the expression of the luciferase gene contained in a plasmid labeled as electromagnetic field-plasmid (pEMF). This gene construct contains the specific sequences previously described for the induction of hsp70 expression by MF, as well as the reporter for the luciferase gene. The pEMF vector was transfected into INER-37 and RMA E7 cell lines that were later exposed to either MF or thermal shock (TS). Cells that received the MF or TS treatments and their controls were processed according to the luciferase assay system for evaluate luciferase activity. An increased luciferase gene expression was observed in INER-37 cells exposed to MF and TS compared with controls (p < 0.05), but MF exposure had no effect on the RMA E7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Heredia-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UANL, Serafín Peña #909 Norte, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64000, Mexico.
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25
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Belton M, Rozanski C, Prato FS, Carson JJL. The effect of 100 mT SMF on activation of the hsp70 promoter in a heat shock/luciferase reporter system. J Cell Biochem 2010; 108:956-62. [PMID: 19725048 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to magnetic fields, increased through use of new technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has prompted investigations into possible effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on cellular processes. However, controversy still remains between many studies, which likely results from a lack of uniformity across experimental parameters, including the length of magnetic field exposure, the strength of the magnetic field, and the cell type or organism under investigation. The purpose of this research was to monitor effects of SMF exposure using real-time luminescence photometry. The study investigated the potential interaction of a 100 mT SMF on a heat shock protein (hsp70)/luciferase reporter construct in stably transfected NIH3T3 cells. Changes in heat shock promoter activation following 100 mT SMF exposure were analyzed and detected as bioluminescence in real-time. Two heat parameters were considered in combination with sham- and 100 mT-exposed experiments: no heat or 1,800 s heat. As expected, there was a significant increase in bioluminescence in response to 1,800 s of heat alone. However, no significant difference in average hsp70 promoter activation between sham and 100 mT experiments was observed for no heat or 1,800 s heat experiments. Therefore, a 100 mT SMF was shown to have no effect on the activation of the heat shock protein promoter during SMF exposure or when SMF exposure was combined with a heat insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Belton
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hu JH, St-Pierre LS, Buckner CA, Lafrenie RM, Persinger MA. Growth of injected melanoma cells is suppressed by whole body exposure to specific spatial-temporal configurations of weak intensity magnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:79-88. [DOI: 10.3109/09553000903419932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, Tong J. 900-MHz microwave radiation enhances gamma-ray adverse effects on SHG44 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:727-732. [PMID: 19492235 DOI: 10.1080/15287390902841466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phones are widely used globally. However, the biological effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by mobile phones are largely unknown. Environmental and occupational exposure of humans to gamma-rays is a biologically relevant phenomenon. Consequently studies were undertaken to examine the interactions between gamma-rays and EMF on human health. In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded gamma-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by gamma-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and gamma-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered. Data indicate that the adverse effects of gamma-rays on cellular functions are strengthened by EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Public Health, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
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28
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Delle Monache S, Alessandro R, Iorio R, Gualtieri G, Colonna R. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) induce in vitro angiogenesis process in human endothelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:640-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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