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Kechagia Z, Eibauer M, Medalia O. Structural determinants of intermediate filament mechanics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102375. [PMID: 38850681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are integral to the cell cytoskeleton, supporting cellular mechanical stability. Unlike other cytoskeletal components, the detailed structure of assembled IFs has yet to be resolved. This review highlights new insights, linking the complex IF hierarchical assembly to their mechanical properties and impact on cellular functions. While we focus on vimentin IFs, we draw comparisons to keratins, showcasing the distinctive structural and mechanical features that underlie their unique mechanical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanetta Kechagia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Bueno Marinas M, Cason M, Bariani R, Celeghin R, De Gaspari M, Pinci S, Cipriani A, Rigato I, Zorzi A, Rizzo S, Thiene G, Perazzolo Marra M, Corrado D, Basso C, Bauce B, Pilichou K. A Comprehensive Analysis of Non-Desmosomal Rare Genetic Variants in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Integrating in Padua Cohort Literature-Derived Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6267. [PMID: 38892455 PMCID: PMC11173278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited myocardial disease at risk of sudden death. Genetic testing impacts greatly in ACM diagnosis, but gene-disease associations have yet to be determined for the increasing number of genes included in clinical panels. Genetic variants evaluation was undertaken for the most relevant non-desmosomal disease genes. We retrospectively studied 320 unrelated Italian ACM patients, including 243 cases with predominant right-ventricular (ARVC) and 77 cases with predominant left-ventricular (ALVC) involvement, who did not carry pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in desmosome-coding genes. The aim was to assess rare genetic variants in transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), desmin (DES), phospholamban (PLN), filamin c (FLNC), cadherin 2 (CDH2), and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1), based on current adjudication guidelines and reappraisal on reported literature data. Thirty-five rare genetic variants, including 23 (64%) P/LP, were identified in 39 patients (16/243 ARVC; 23/77 ALVC): 22 FLNC, 9 DES, 2 TMEM43, and 2 CDH2. No P/LP variants were found in PLN and TJP1 genes. Gene-based burden analysis, including P/LP variants reported in literature, showed significant enrichment for TMEM43 (3.79-fold), DES (10.31-fold), PLN (117.8-fold) and FLNC (107-fold). A non-desmosomal rare genetic variant is found in a minority of ARVC patients but in about one third of ALVC patients; as such, clinical decision-making should be driven by genes with robust evidence. More than two thirds of non-desmosomal P/LP variants occur in FLNC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (M.B.M.); (M.C.); (R.B.); (R.C.); (M.D.G.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (I.R.); (A.Z.); (S.R.); (G.T.); (M.P.M.); (D.C.); (B.B.); (K.P.)
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3
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Tsilafakis K, Mavroidis M. Are the Head and Tail Domains of Intermediate Filaments Really Unstructured Regions? Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:633. [PMID: 38790262 PMCID: PMC11121635 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are integral components of the cytoskeleton which provide cells with tissue-specific mechanical properties and are involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Unfortunately, due to their intricate architecture, the 3D structure of the complete molecule of IFs has remained unresolved. Even though most of the rod domain structure has been revealed by means of crystallographic analyses, the flanked head and tail domains are still mostly unknown. Only recently have studies shed light on head or tail domains of IFs, revealing certainsecondary structures and conformational changes during IF assembly. Thus, a deeper understanding of their structure could provide insights into their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsilafakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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4
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Nefedova VV, Kleymenov SY, Safenkova IV, Levitsky DI, Matyushenko AM. Neurofilament Light Protein Rod Domain Exhibits Structural Heterogeneity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:85. [PMID: 38254685 PMCID: PMC10813002 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments are neuron-specific proteins that belong to the intermediate filament (IFs) protein family, with the neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) being the most abundant. The IFs structure typically includes a central coiled-coil rod domain comprised of coils 1A, 1B, and 2, separated by linker regions. The thermal stability of the IF molecule plays a crucial role in its ability for self-association. In the current study, we investigated the thermal stability of NFL coiled-coil domains by analyzing a set of recombinant domains and their fusions (NFL1B, NFL1A+1B, NFL2, NFL1B+2, and NFLROD) via circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of coiled-coil domains is evident in a wide range of temperatures, and thermal transition values (Tm) correspond well between isolated coiled-coil domains and full-length NFL. NFL1B has a Tm of 39.4 °C, and its' fusions, NFL1A+1B and NFL1B+2, have a Tm of 41.9 °C and 41.5 °C, respectively. However, in the case of NFL2, thermal denaturation includes at least two thermal transitions at 37.2 °C and 62.7 °C. These data indicate that the continuous α-helical structure of the coil 2 domain has parts with varied thermal stability. Among all the NFL fragments, only NFL2 underwent irreversible heat-induced denaturation. Together, these results unveil the origin of full-length NFL's thermal transitions, and reveal its domains structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Nefedova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Sergey Y. Kleymenov
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Safenkova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Dmitrii I. Levitsky
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alexander M. Matyushenko
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.K.); (I.V.S.); (D.I.L.); (A.M.M.)
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5
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Pogoda K, Janmey PA. Transmit and protect: The mechanical functions of intermediate filaments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102281. [PMID: 37984009 PMCID: PMC10753931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
New aspects of the unique mechanical properties of intermediate filaments (IFs) continue to emerge from studies that illuminate the structure and mechanical response of single filaments, the interaction of intermediate filaments with each other or with other cytoskeletal elements, and the viscoelasticity of the networks that these intermediate filaments form. The relation of purified IF network mechanics to the role of IFs in cells and tissues is a particularly active area, with several new demonstrations of the unique and essential role that intermediate filament networks play in determining the mechanical response of biological materials, especially to large deformations, and the mechanisms by which intermediate filaments protect the nucleus from mechanical stresses that cells and tissues encounter in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pogoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow PL-31-342, Poland
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
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Padilla‐Mejia NE, Field MC. Evolutionary, structural and functional insights in nuclear organisation and nucleocytoplasmic transport in trypanosomes. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2501-2518. [PMID: 37789516 PMCID: PMC10953052 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the remarkable features of eukaryotes is the nucleus, delimited by the nuclear envelope (NE), a complex structure and home to the nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complex (NPC). For decades, these structures were believed to be mainly architectural elements and, in the case of the NPC, simply facilitating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. More recently, the critical roles of the lamina, NPC and other NE constituents in genome organisation, maintaining chromosomal domains and regulating gene expression have been recognised. Importantly, mutations in genes encoding lamina and NPC components lead to pathogenesis in humans, while pathogenic protozoa disrupt the progression of normal development and expression of pathogenesis-related genes. Here, we review features of the lamina and NPC across eukaryotes and discuss how these elements are structured in trypanosomes, protozoa of high medical and veterinary importance, highlighting lineage-specific and conserved aspects of nuclear organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C. Field
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology CentreCzech Academy of SciencesČeské BudějoviceCzechia
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7
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Nefedova VV, Yampolskaya DS, Kleymenov SY, Chebotareva NA, Matyushenko AM, Levitsky DI. Effect of Neurodegenerative Mutations in the NEFL Gene on Thermal Denaturation of the Neurofilament Light Chain Protein. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:610-620. [PMID: 37331707 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923050048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of E90K, N98S, and A149V mutations in the light chain of neurofilaments (NFL) on the structure and thermal denaturation of the NFL molecule were investigated. By using circular dichroism spectroscopy, it was shown that these mutations did not lead to the changes in α-helical structure of NFL, but they caused noticeable effects on the stability of the molecule. We also identified calorimetric domains in the NFL structure by using differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that the E90K replacement leads to the disappearance of the low-temperature thermal transition (domain 1). The mutations cause changes in the enthalpy of NFL domains melting, as well as lead to the significant changes in the melting temperatures (Tm) of some calorimetric domains. Thus, despite the fact that all these mutations are associated with the development of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, and two of them are even located very close to each other in the coil 1A, they affect differently structure and stability of the NFL molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Nefedova
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Daria S Yampolskaya
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Kleymenov
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia A Chebotareva
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | | | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Mykhaliuk VV, Havryliak VV, Salyha YT. The Role of Cytokeratins in Ensuring the Basic Cellular Functions and in Dignosis of Disorders. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stepanov YK, Speidel JD, Herrmann C, Schmid N, Behr R, Köhn FM, Stöckl JB, Pickl U, Trottmann M, Fröhlich T, Mayerhofer A, Welter H. Profound Effects of Dexamethasone on the Immunological State, Synthesis and Secretion Capacity of Human Testicular Peritubular Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193164. [PMID: 36231125 PMCID: PMC9562650 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs), forming a small compartment located between the seminiferous epithelium and the interstitial areas of the testis, are not fully known but go beyond intratesticular sperm transport and include immunological roles. The expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) indicates that they may be regulated by glucocorticoids (GCs). Herein, we studied the consequences of the GC dexamethasone (Dex) in cultured HTPCs, which serves as a unique window into the human testis. We examined changes in cytokines, mainly by qPCR and ELISA. A holistic mass-spectrometry-based proteome analysis of cellular and secreted proteins was also performed. Dex, used in a therapeutic concentration, decreased the transcript level of proinflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL6, IL8 and MCP1. An siRNA-mediated knockdown of GR reduced the actions on IL6. Changes in IL6 were confirmed by ELISA measurements. Of note, Dex also lowered GR levels. The proteomic results revealed strong responses after 24 h (31 significantly altered cellular proteins) and more pronounced ones after 72 h of Dex exposure (30 less abundant and 42 more abundant cellular proteins). Dex also altered the composition of the secretome (33 proteins decreased, 13 increased) after 72 h. Among the regulated proteins were extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane components (e.g., FBLN2, COL1A2 and COL3A1), as well as PTX3 and StAR. These results pinpoint novel, profound effects of Dex in HTPCs. If transferrable to the human testis, changes specifically in ECM and the immunological state of the testis may occur in men upon treatment with Dex for medical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Dominik Speidel
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nina Schmid
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Bernd Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis LAFUGA, Gene Center, LMU München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.W.); Tel.: +49-89218075859 (A.M.); +49-89218071882 (H.W.)
| | - Harald Welter
- Biomedical Center, Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.W.); Tel.: +49-89218075859 (A.M.); +49-89218071882 (H.W.)
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10
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Yang Z, Arja RD, Zhu T, Sarkis GA, Patterson RL, Romo P, Rathore DS, Moghieb A, Abbatiello S, Robertson CS, Haskins WE, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. Characterization of Calpain and Caspase-6-Generated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Breakdown Products Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Astroglial Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8960. [PMID: 36012232 PMCID: PMC9409281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament III protein of astroglia cells which is upregulated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we reported that GFAP is truncated at both the C- and N-terminals by cytosolic protease calpain to GFAP breakdown products (GBDP) of 46-40K then 38K following pro-necrotic (A23187) and pro-apoptotic (staurosporine) challenges to primary cultured astroglia or neuron-glia mixed cells. In addition, with another pro-apoptotic challenge (EDTA) where caspases are activated but not calpain, GFAP was fragmented internally, generating a C-terminal GBDP of 20 kDa. Following controlled cortical impact in mice, GBDP of 46-40K and 38K were formed from day 3 to 28 post-injury. Purified GFAP protein treated with calpain-1 and -2 generates (i) major N-terminal cleavage sites at A-56*A-61 and (ii) major C-terminal cleavage sites at T-383*Q-388, producing a limit fragment of 38K. Caspase-6 treated GFAP was cleaved at D-78/R-79 and D-225/A-226, where GFAP was relatively resistant to caspase-3. We also derived a GBDP-38K N-terminal-specific antibody which only labels injured astroglia cell body in both cultured astroglia and mouse cortex and hippocampus after TBI. As a clinical translation, we observed that CSF samples collected from severe human TBI have elevated levels of GBDP-38K as well as two C-terminally released GFAP peptides (DGEVIKES and DGEVIKE). Thus, in addition to intact GFAP, both the GBDP-38K as well as unique GFAP released C-terminal proteolytic peptides species might have the potential in tracking brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - George Anis Sarkis
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Robert Logan Patterson
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pammela Romo
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Disa S. Rathore
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- The Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - William E. Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K. W. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Shakhov AS, Alieva IB. The "Third Violin" in the Cytoskeleton Orchestra-The Role of Intermediate Filaments in the Endothelial Cell's Life. Biomedicines 2022; 10:828. [PMID: 35453578 PMCID: PMC9027429 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays an important role in the transcytosis of lipoproteins. According to one of the theories, endothelial injury is a triggering factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and intracellular structures, including components of the endotheliocyte cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments), are involved in its development. In contrast to the proteins of tubulin-based microtubules and actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments are comprised of various tissue-specific protein members. Vimentin, the main protein of endothelial intermediate filaments, is one of the most well-studied of these and belongs to type-III intermediate filaments, commonly found in cells of mesenchymal origin. Vimentin filaments are linked mechanically or by signaling molecules to microfilaments and microtubules by which coordinated cell polarisation and migration are carried out, as well as control over several endotheliocyte functions. Moreover, the soluble vimentin acts as an indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system, and the involvement of vimentin in the development and course of atherosclerosis has been demonstrated. Here we discuss current concepts of the participation of vimentin filaments in the vital activity and functioning of endothelial cells, as well as the role of vimentin in the development of inflammatory processes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina B. Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
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12
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Hakibilen C, Delort F, Daher MT, Joanne P, Cabet E, Cardoso O, Bourgois-Rocha F, Tian C, Rivas E, Madruga M, Ferreiro A, Lilienbaum A, Vicart P, Agbulut O, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Desmin Modulates Muscle Cell Adhesion and Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:783724. [PMID: 35350386 PMCID: PMC8957967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.783724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion and migration are key functions that are disrupted in numerous diseases. We report that desmin, a type-III muscle-specific intermediate filament, is a novel cell adhesion regulator. Expression of p.R406W mutant desmin, identified in patients with desmin-related myopathy, modified focal adhesion area and expression of adhesion-signaling genes in myogenic C2C12 cells. Satellite cells extracted from desmin-knock-out (DesKO) and desmin-knock-in-p.R405W (DesKI-R405W) mice were less adhesive and migrated faster than those from wild-type mice. Moreover, we observed mislocalized and aggregated vinculin, a key component of cell adhesion, in DesKO and DesKI-R405W muscles. Vinculin expression was also increased in desmin-related myopathy patient muscles. Together, our results establish a novel role for desmin in cell-matrix adhesion, an essential process for strength transmission, satellite cell migration and muscle regeneration. Our study links the patho-physiological mechanisms of desminopathies to adhesion/migration defects, and may lead to new cellular targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Cuixia Tian
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcos Madruga
- Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,APHP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Vicart
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, MSC, UMR 7067, CNRS, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.,Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.,APHP, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Hénon
- Université de Paris, MSC, UMR 7067, CNRS, Paris, France
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13
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Nunes Vicente F, Lelek M, Tinevez JY, Tran QD, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Zimmer C, Etienne-Manneville S, Giannone G, Leduc C. Molecular organization and mechanics of single vimentin filaments revealed by super-resolution imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm2696. [PMID: 35213220 PMCID: PMC8880768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are involved in key cellular functions including polarization, migration, and protection against large deformations. These functions are related to their remarkable ability to extend without breaking, a capacity that should be determined by the molecular organization of subunits within filaments. However, this structure-mechanics relationship remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, using super-resolution microscopy (SRM), we show that vimentin filaments exhibit a ~49-nanometer axial repeat both in cells and in vitro. As unit-length filaments (ULFs) were measured at ~59 nanometers, this demonstrates a partial overlap of ULFs during filament assembly. Using an SRM-compatible stretching device, we also provide evidence that the extensibility of vimentin is due to the unfolding of its subunits and not to their sliding, thus establishing a direct link between the structural organization and its mechanical properties. Overall, our results pave the way for future studies of IF assembly, mechanical, and structural properties in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Nunes Vicente
- Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Mickael Lelek
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Jean-Yves Tinevez
- Image Analysis Hub, 2RT / DTPS, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015 , France
| | - Quang D. Tran
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, équipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Gerard Pehau-Arnaudet
- CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
- Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Imaging and Modeling Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, équipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Gregory Giannone
- Institut Interdisciplinaire des Neurosciences, CNRS UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Cécile Leduc
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, équipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Paris F-75015, France
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, Paris F-75013, France
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14
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Vermeire PJ, Stalmans G, Lilina AV, Fiala J, Novak P, Herrmann H, Strelkov SV. Molecular Interactions Driving Intermediate Filament Assembly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092457. [PMID: 34572105 PMCID: PMC8466517 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the role of intermediate filaments (IFs) in normal cell physiology and scores of IF-linked diseases, the importance of understanding their molecular structure is beyond doubt. Research into the IF structure was initiated more than 30 years ago, and some important advances have been made. Using crystallography and other methods, the central coiled-coil domain of the elementary dimer and also the structural basis of the soluble tetramer formation have been studied to atomic precision. However, the molecular interactions driving later stages of the filament assembly are still not fully understood. For cytoplasmic IFs, much of the currently available insight is due to chemical cross-linking experiments that date back to the 1990s. This technique has since been radically improved, and several groups have utilized it recently to obtain data on lamin filament assembly. Here, we will summarize these findings and reflect on the remaining open questions and challenges of IF structure. We argue that, in addition to X-ray crystallography, chemical cross-linking and cryoelectron microscopy are the techniques that should enable major new advances in the field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Vermeire
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-J.V.); (G.S.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Giel Stalmans
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-J.V.); (G.S.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Anastasia V. Lilina
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-J.V.); (G.S.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Jan Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novak
- Department of Biochemistry, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (P.N.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.-J.V.); (G.S.); (A.V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1633-0845
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15
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Pan CY, Chou CC. Molecular origin of the effects of mutation on the structure and mechanical properties of human epithelial keratin K5/K14. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104798. [PMID: 34509171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial keratin, a type of intermediate filament (IF) protein, is one of the key components in maintaining the stability of the cell nucleus in the epidermis of the skin, the largest organ in the human body. It absorbs water and withstands external pressure, affecting the structural stability and mechanical properties of the skin. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare genetic skin disease related to genetic mutations in epithelial keratin K5/K14. The resulting structural defects can cause keratinocytes in the basal layer to become fragile and rupture when subjected to mechanical stress. Its pathological feature is that the skin and mucous membranes are extremely fragile, and wounds and blisters occur under even slight external force. In this study, we focused on the amino acid sequence of the wild-type human keratin K5/K14 and sequences with point mutations, beginning with a full atomistic model of the K5/K14 heterodimer and proceeding to the higher hierarchical structure of the tetramer model. For the heterodimer, the structures of the wild type and the mutants share a high degree of similarity, and the helical structure is preserved. Then, based on the heterodimer model, we considered the keratin tetramer model with the ID1 contact from previous experimental observations. Our results suggested that in the wild-type tetramer, the hydrogen bonds formed in the middle and contact regions provide extra stability to tetramer 2B-2B interactions during IF assembly. The probabilities of hydrogen bond formation are lower in the mutant tetramers than in the wild-type tetramer in the contact region; the point mutations do not necessarily affect the structure for dimer formation, but changes in the interactions of amino acids may affect the higher-order assembly of IFs. We observed that the structures of the tetramers with point mutations were loosely stacked, and the mechanical properties were weaker than those of the wild-type tetramer. We further compared our results with the latest experimental measurements and discussed the relationship between the genotype of EBS disease and the atomic-level mutated structures. The atomistic model allowed us to study point mutations at the molecular level. The results can be further applied to reveal the effect of point mutations on EBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Pan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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16
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Microfilaments and microtubules alternately coordinate the multi-step endosomal trafficking of Classical Swine Fever Virus. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02436-20. [PMID: 33627389 PMCID: PMC8139654 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02436-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton, as a ubiquitous structure in the cells, plays an important role in the process of virus entry, replication, and survival. However, the action mechanism of cytoskeleton in the invasion of Pestivirus into host cells remains unclear. In this study, we systematically dissected the key roles of the main cytoskeleton components, microfilaments and microtubules in the endocytosis of porcine Pestivirus, Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). We observed the dynamic changes of actin filaments in CSFV entry. Confocal microscopy showed that CSFV invasion induced the dissolution and aggregation of stress fibers, resulting in the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia. Chemical inhibitors and RNA interference were used to find that the dynamic changes of actin were caused by EGFR-PI3K/MAPK-RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42-cofilin signaling pathway, which regulates the microfilaments to help CSFV entry. Furthermore, co-localization of the microfilaments with clathrin and Rab5 (early endosome), as well as microtubules with Rab7 (late endosome) and Lamp1 (lysosome) revealed that microfilaments were activated and rearranged to help CSFV trafficking to early endosome after endocytosis. Subsequently, recruitment of microtubules by CSFV also assisted membrane fusion of the virions from late endosome to lysosome with the help of a molecular motor, dynein. Unexpectedly, vimentin, which is an intermediate filament, had no effect on CSFV entry. Taken together, our findings comprehensively revealed the molecular mechanisms of cytoskeletal components that regulated CSFV endocytosis and facilitated further understanding of Pestivirus entry, which would be conducive to explore antiviral molecules to control classical swine fever.IMPORTANCEEndocytosis, an essential biological process mediating cellular internalization events, is often exploited by pathogens for their entry into target cells. Previously, we have reported different mechanisms of CSFV endocytosis into the porcine epithelial cells (PK-15) and macrophages (3D4/21); however, the details of microfilaments/microtubules mediated virus migration within the host cells remained to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CSFV infection induced rearrangement of actin filaments regulated by cofilin through EGFR-PI3K/MAPK-RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 pathway. Furthermore, we found that CSFV particles were trafficked along actin filaments in early and late endosomes, and through microtubules in lysosomes after entry. Here, we provide for the first time a comprehensive description of the cytoskeleton that facilitates entry and intracellular transport of highly pathogenic swine virus. Results from this study will greatly contribute to the understanding of virus-induced early and complex changes in host cells that are important in CSFV pathogenesis.
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17
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Evaluation of autoantibodies against vimentin and α-enolase in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Reumatologia 2021; 58:350-356. [PMID: 33456077 PMCID: PMC7792540 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2020.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is categorized as an autoimmune disease with a frequency of 0.2–1% worldwide. It is reported that various autoantibodies are produced in the RA population, particularly against citrullinated peptides. Among various candidate markers for RA diagnosis, the citrullinated proteins have the highest specificity and sensitivity for both diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin and α-enolase constitute a new class of autoantibodies for early detection of RA. Material and methods 45 serum samples and 19 synovial fluid (SF) specimens collected from RA patients were considered for American College of Rheumatology criteria and 20 serum samples and 10 SF specimens were provided from healthy subjects as a control group. To assess the quantity of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) and anti-α-enolase in the serum and SF of RA patients were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. For the evaluation of disease activity and joint destruction, we used the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). Furthermore, to measure the molecular weight of vimentin and α-enolase, electrophoresis on 10% SDS-PAGE was performed as described before. Results The anti-α-enolase level among serum samples from RA patients was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (4.49 ±0.20 ng/ml vs. 0.76 ±0.12 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). There was a direct relation between α-enolase quantity and (rheumatoid factor) RF and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The mean ESR value in positive and negative ACPA patients was 38.2 ±22.6 mm/h and 9.2 ±5.8 mm/h respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean DAS28-ESR was 3.3. The level of anti-MCV in the serum of RA patients (244.6 ±53.3 U/ml) was higher than in serum of the healthy group (148.73 ±71.8) (p < 0.0001). The level of anti-MCV in the SF of patients was 687.5 ±148.4 U/ml. Conclusions In conclusion, both autoantibodies against MCV and α-enolase are two important markers that increase in serum and SF of RA patients and are specific for diagnosis of RA disease.
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18
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Zhang W, Ren J, Pei Y, Ye C, Fan Y, Qi Z, Ling S. Analysis of the Contribution of Conformation and Fibrils on Tensile Toughness and Fracture Resistance of Camel Hairs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020. [PMID: 33356118 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Animal hairs, like other natural fibers, display excellent mechanical properties, especially, the tensile toughness and fracture resistance. Several structure-mechanics models have attributed mechanical superiority of hair to its unique nanocomposite structure which consists of intermediate filaments and matrix. However, the contribution of fibrils and their associated interfaces on the mechanical properties of animal hairs remains unclear. Herein, using the small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and an ultrahigh-speed microcamera system, it is confirmed that the conformation and fibrils (which represent both nanofibrils and microfibrils) of the keratin channel endow tensile toughness and fracture resistance to camel hairs. During the stretching process, an α-β transition occurred at the secondary structure level, leading to the formation of a tensile plateau, which improves the toughness compared with the structure without a conformation transition. Meanwhile, fibrils further toughened the camel hairs and resisted their crack propagation through confined fibrillar slippage, splitting, and pulling. These structure-property relations in natural hairs can inspire damage-tolerant polymer fiber design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel & Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University) of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Pei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel & Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University) of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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19
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Patteson AE, Carroll RJ, Iwamoto DV, Janmey PA. The vimentin cytoskeleton: when polymer physics meets cell biology. Phys Biol 2020; 18:011001. [PMID: 32992303 PMCID: PMC8240483 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abbcc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proper functions of tissues depend on the ability of cells to withstand stress and maintain shape. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton, comprised of three polymeric networks: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs). IF proteins are among the most abundant cytoskeletal proteins in cells; yet they remain some of the least understood. Their structure and function deviate from those of their cytoskeletal partners, F-actin and microtubules. IF networks show a unique combination of extensibility, flexibility and toughness that confers mechanical resilience to the cell. Vimentin is an IF protein expressed in mesenchymal cells. This review highlights exciting new results on the physical biology of vimentin intermediate filaments and their role in allowing whole cells and tissues to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Robert J Carroll
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Briot J, Simon M, Méchin MC. Deimination, Intermediate Filaments and Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8746. [PMID: 33228136 PMCID: PMC7699402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deimination (or citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a calcium-dependent enzyme family of five peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is involved in physiological processes (cell differentiation, embryogenesis, innate and adaptive immunity, etc.) and in autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus), cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermediate filaments (IF) and associated proteins (IFAP) are major substrates of PADs. Here, we focus on the effects of deimination on the polymerization and solubility properties of IF proteins and on the proteolysis and cross-linking of IFAP, to finally expose some features of interest and some limitations of citrullinomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Claire Méchin
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France; (J.B.); (M.S.)
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21
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Abstract
Vimentin is one of the first cytoplasmic intermediate filaments to be expressed in mammalian cells during embryogenesis, but its role in cellular fitness has long been a mystery. Vimentin is acknowledged to play a role in cell stiffness, cell motility, and cytoplasmic organization, yet it is widely considered to be dispensable for cellular function and organismal development. Here, we show that Vimentin plays a role in cellular stress response in differentiating cells, by recruiting aggregates, stress granules, and RNA-binding proteins, directing their elimination and asymmetric partitioning. In the absence of Vimentin, pluripotent embryonic stem cells fail to differentiate properly, with a pronounced deficiency in neuronal differentiation. Our results uncover a novel function for Vimentin, with important implications for development, tissue homeostasis, and in particular, stress response.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Kozawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Gary E Wnek
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
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23
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Apparent stiffness of vimentin intermediate filaments in living cells and its relation with other cytoskeletal polymers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118726. [PMID: 32320724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a complex network of interconnected biopolymers intimately involved in the generation and transmission of forces. Several mechanical properties of microtubules and actin filaments have been extensively explored in cells. In contrast, intermediate filaments (IFs) received comparatively less attention despite their central role in defining cell shape, motility and adhesion during physiological processes as well as in tumor progression. Here, we explored relevant biophysical properties of vimentin IFs in living cells combining confocal microscopy and a filament tracking routine that allows localizing filaments with ~20 nm precision. A Fourier-based analysis showed that IFs curvatures followed a thermal-like behavior characterized by an apparent persistence length (lp*) similar to that measured in aqueous solution. Additionally, we determined that certain perturbations of the cytoskeleton affect lp* and the lateral mobility of IFs as assessed in cells in which either the microtubule dynamic instability was reduced or actin filaments were partially depolymerized. Our results provide relevant clues on how vimentin IFs mechanically couple with microtubules and actin filaments in cells and support a role of this network in the response to mechanical stress.
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Donato RK, Mija A. Keratin Associations with Synthetic, Biosynthetic and Natural Polymers: An Extensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E32. [PMID: 31878054 PMCID: PMC7023547 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the biopolymers from animal sources, keratin is one the most abundant, with a major contribution from side stream products from cattle, ovine and poultry industry, offering many opportunities to produce cost-effective and sustainable advanced materials. Although many reviews have discussed the application of keratin in polymer-based biomaterials, little attention has been paid to its potential in association with other polymer matrices. Thus, herein, we present an extensive literature review summarizing keratin's compatibility with other synthetic, biosynthetic and natural polymers, and its effect on the materials' final properties in a myriad of applications. First, we revise the historical context of keratin use, describe its structure, chemical toolset and methods of extraction, overview and differentiate keratins obtained from different sources, highlight the main areas where keratin associations have been applied, and describe the possibilities offered by its chemical toolset. Finally, we contextualize keratin's potential for addressing current issues in materials sciences, focusing on the effect of keratin when associated to other polymers' matrices from biomedical to engineering applications, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo K. Donato
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France
| | - Alice Mija
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, UMR CNRS 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France
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25
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Aufderhorst-Roberts A, Koenderink GH. Stiffening and inelastic fluidization in vimentin intermediate filament networks. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7127-7136. [PMID: 31334536 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins that are key regulators of cell mechanics, a role which is intrinsically tied to their hierarchical structure and their unique ability to accommodate large axial strains. However, how the single-filament response to applied strains translates to networks remains unclear, particularly with regards to the crosslinking role played by the filaments' disordered "tail" domains. Here we test the role of these noncovalent crosslinks in the nonlinear rheology of reconstituted networks of the intermediate filament protein vimentin, probing their stress- and rate-dependent mechanics. Similarly to previous studies we observe elastic stress-stiffening but unlike previous work we identify a characteristic yield stress σ*, above which the networks exhibit rate-dependent softening of the network, referred to as inelastic fluidization. By investigating networks formed from tail-truncated vimentin, in which noncovalent crosslinking is suppressed, and glutaraldehyde-treated vimentin, in which crosslinking is made permanent, we show that rate-dependent inelastic fluidization is a direct consequence of vimentin's transient crosslinking. Surprisingly, although the tail-tail crosslinks are individually weak, the effective timescale for stress relaxation of the network exceeds 1000 s at σ*. Vimentin networks can therefore maintain their integrity over a large range of strains (up to ∼1000%) and loading rates (10-3 to 10-1 s-1). Our results provide insight into how the hierarchical structure of vimentin networks contributes to the cell's ability to be deformable yet strong.
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26
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Delort F, Segard BD, Hakibilen C, Bourgois-Rocha F, Cabet E, Vicart P, Huang ME, Clary G, Lilienbaum A, Agbulut O, Batonnet-Pichon S. Alterations of redox dynamics and desmin post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle models of desminopathies. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111539. [PMID: 31369751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Desminopathies are a type of myofibrillar myopathy resulting from mutations in DES, encoding the intermediate filament protein desmin. They display heterogeneous phenotypes, suggesting environment influences. Patient muscle proteins show oxidative features linking oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and abnormal protein deposition. To improve understanding of redox balance in desminopathies, we further developed cellular models of four pathological mutants localized in 2B helical domain (the most important region for desmin polymerization) to explore desmin behavior upon oxidative stress. We show that the mutations desQ389P and desD399Y share common stress-induced aggregates, desR406W presents more scattered cytoplasmic aggregative pattern, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant molecule, prevents all type of aggregation. Mutants desD399Y and desR406W had delayed oxidation kinetics following H2O2 stress prevented by NAC pretreatment. Further, we used AAV-injected mouse models to confirm in vivo effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. AAV-desD399Y-injected muscles displayed similar physio-pathological characteristics as observed in patients. However, after 2 months of NAC treatment, they did not have reduced aggregates. Finally, in both models, stress induced some post-translational modifications changing Isoelectric Point, such as potential hyperphosphorylations, and/or molecular weight of human desmin by proteolysis. However, each mutant presented its own pattern that seemed to be post-aggregative. In conclusion, our results indicate that individual desmin mutations have unique pathological molecular mechanisms partly linked to alteration of redox homeostasis. Integrating these mutant-specific behaviors will be important when considering future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Delort
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand-David Segard
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Hakibilen
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Fany Bourgois-Rocha
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Eva Cabet
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Guilhem Clary
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Plateforme Protéomique 3P5, Paris, France
| | - Alain Lilienbaum
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Batonnet-Pichon
- Université de Paris, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75013, Paris, France.
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27
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Böni LJ, Sanchez-Ferrer A, Widmer M, Biviano MD, Mezzenga R, Windhab EJ, Dagastine RR, Fischer P. Structure and Nanomechanics of Dry and Hydrated Intermediate Filament Films and Fibers Produced from Hagfish Slime Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40460-40473. [PMID: 30371056 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are known for their extensibility, flexibility, toughness, and their ability to hydrate. Using keratin-like IFs obtained from slime fibers from the invertebrate Atlantic hagfish ( Myxine glutinosa), films were produced by drop-casting and coagulation on the surface of a MgCl2 buffer. Drop-casting produced self-supporting, smooth, and dense films rich in β-sheets (61%), whereas coagulation formed thin, porous films with a nanorough surface and a lower β-sheet content (51%). The films hydrated and swelled immediately when immersed in water and did not dissolve. X-ray diffraction showed that the β-crystallites remained stable upon hydration, that swelling presumably happens in the amorphous C-terminal tail-domains of the IFs, and that high salt conditions caused a denser network mesh size, suggesting polyelectrolyte behavior. Hydration resulted in a roughly 1000-fold decrease in apparent Young's modulus from 109 to 106 Pa as revealed by atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. Nanoindentation-based power-law rheology and stress-relaxation measurements indicated viscoelasticity and a soft-solid hydrogel character for hydrated films, where roughly 80% of energy is elastically stored and 20% is dissipated. By pulling coagulation films from the buffer interface, macroscopic fibers with highly aligned IF β-crystals similar to natural hagfish fibers were produced. We propose that viscoelasticity and strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the buffer interface are crucial for the production of such long biomimetic fibers with aligned β-sheets. This study demonstrates that hagfish fiber IFs can be reconstituted into functional biomimetic materials that are stiff when dry and retain the ability to hydrate to become soft and viscoelastic when in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M D Biviano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
| | | | | | - R R Dagastine
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Melbourne , Melbourne 3010 , Australia
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28
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Wazawa T, Arai Y, Kawahara Y, Takauchi H, Washio T, Nagai T. Highly biocompatible super-resolution fluorescence imaging using the fast photoswitching fluorescent protein Kohinoor and SPoD-ExPAN with Lp-regularized image reconstruction. Microscopy (Oxf) 2018; 67:89-98. [PMID: 29409007 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has enabled us to visualize live cells in great detail and with an unprecedented resolution. However, the techniques developed thus far have required high-power illumination (102-106 W/cm2), which leads to considerable phototoxicity to live cells and hampers time-lapse observation of the cells. In this study we show a highly biocompatible super-resolution microscopy technique that requires a very low-power illumination. The present technique combines a fast photoswitchable fluorescent protein, Kohinoor, with SPoD-ExPAN (super-resolution by polarization demodulation/excitation polarization angle narrowing). With this technique, we successfully observed Kohinoor-fusion proteins involving vimentin, paxillin, histone and clathrin expressed in HeLa cells at a spatial resolution of 70-80 nm with illumination power densities as low as ~1 W/cm2 for both excitation and photoswitching. Furthermore, although the previous SPoD-ExPAN technique used L1-regularized maximum-likelihood calculations to reconstruct super-resolved images, we devised an extension to the Lp-regularization to obtain super-resolved images that more accurately describe objects at the specimen plane. Thus, the present technique would significantly extend the applicability of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy for live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuichi Wazawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Arai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kawahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takauchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Washio
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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29
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Even C, Abramovici G, Delort F, Rigato AF, Bailleux V, de Sousa Moreira A, Vicart P, Rico F, Batonnet-Pichon S, Briki F. Mutation in the Core Structure of Desmin Intermediate Filaments Affects Myoblast Elasticity. Biophys J 2017; 113:627-636. [PMID: 28793217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastic properties of cells are mainly derived from the actin cytoskeleton. However, intermediate filaments are emerging as major contributors to the mechanical properties of cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we studied the elasticity of mouse myoblasts expressing a mutant form of the gene encoding for desmin intermediate filaments, p.D399Y. This variant produces desmin aggregates, the main pathological symptom of myofibrillar myopathies. Here we show that desmin-mutated cells display a 39% increased median elastic modulus compared to wild-type cells. Desmin-mutated cells required higher forces than wild-type cells to reach high indentation depths, where desmin intermediate filaments are typically located. In addition, heat-shock treatment increased the proportion of cells with aggregates and induced a secondary peak in the distribution of Young's moduli. By performing atomic force microscopy mechanical mapping combined with fluorescence microscopy, we show that higher Young's moduli were measured where desmin aggregates were located, indicating that desmin aggregates are rigid. Therefore, we provide evidence that p.D399Y stiffens mouse myoblasts. Based on these results, we suggest that p.D399Y-related myofibrillar myopathy is at least partly due to altered mechanical properties at the single-cell scale, which are propagated to the tissue scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Even
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
| | - Gilles Abramovici
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Florence Delort
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative,UMR 8251, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna F Rigato
- Bio AFM Lab, U1006, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Bailleux
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Abel de Sousa Moreira
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative,UMR 8251, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Felix Rico
- Bio AFM Lab, U1006, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sabrina Batonnet-Pichon
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative,UMR 8251, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fatma Briki
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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30
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Khmelinskii I, Golubeva T, Korneeva E, Inyushin M, Zueva L, Makarov V. Spectral selectivity model for light transmission by the intermediate filaments in Müller cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2017; 173:282-290. [PMID: 28623820 PMCID: PMC5642305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Presently we continue our studies of the quantum mechanism of light energy transmission in the form of excitons by axisymmetric nanostructures with electrically conductive walls. Using our theoretical model, we analyzed the light energy transmission by biopolymers forming optical channels within retinal Müller cells. There are specialized intermediate filaments (IF) 10-18nm in diameter, built of electrically conductive polypeptides. Presently, we analyzed the spectral selectivity of these nanostructures. We found that their transmission spectrum depends on their diameter and wall thickness. We also considered the classical approach, comparing the results with those predicted by the quantum mechanism. We performed experimental measurements on model quantum waveguides, made of rectangular nanometer-thick chromium (Cr) tracks. The optical spectrum of such waveguides varied with their thickness. We compared the experimental absorption/transmission spectra with those predicted by our model, with good agreement between the two. We report that the observed spectra may be explained by the same mechanisms as operating in metal nanolayers. Both the models and the experiment show that Cr nanotracks have high light transmission efficiency in a narrow spectral range, with the spectral maximum dependent on the layer thickness. Therefore, a set of intermediate filaments with different geometries may provide light transmission over the entire visible spectrum with a very high (~90%) efficiency. Thus, we believe that high contrast and visual resolution in daylight are provided by the quantum mechanism of energy transfer in the form of excitons, whereas the ultimate retinal sensitivity of the night vision is provided by the classical mechanism of photons transmitted by the Müller cell light-guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQF and CIQA, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Golubeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena Korneeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova st., 5a, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lidia Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA.
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31
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Kanazawa S, Nishizawa S, Takato T, Hoshi K. Biological roles of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biomarker in cartilage regenerative medicine. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3182-3193. [PMID: 28063220 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament that is expressed in specifically expressed auricular chondrocytes, which are good cell sources of cartilage regenerative medicine. Although our group uses GFAP as a biomarker of matrix production in the cultured auricular chondrocytes, the biological roles of GFAP in auricular chondrocytes has remained unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the biological functions of GFAP in the human and mouse derived auricles to clarify the significance and role with the chondrocytes of GFAP in order to provide useful information for reliable and safe regenerative medicine. We examined the cell responses to stretch stress for these chondrocytes and completed a nuclear morphological analysis. Based on these results, GFAP seems to support the resistance to severe mechanical stress in the tissue which physiologically suffers from a stretch overload, and plays pivotal roles in the conservation of cell structures and functions through the maintenance of nuclear morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshiro Kanazawa
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Abstract
For years intermediate filaments (IF), belonging to the third class of filamentous cytoskeletal proteins alongside microtubules and actin filaments, were thought to be exclusive to metazoan cells. Structurally these eukaryote IFs are very well defined, consisting of globular head and tail domains, which flank the central rod-domain. This central domain is dominated by an α-helical secondary structure predisposed to form the characteristic coiled-coil, parallel homo-dimer. These elementary dimers can further associate, both laterally and longitudinally, generating a variety of filament-networks built from filaments in the range of 10 nm in diameter. The general role of these filaments with their characteristic mechano-elastic properties both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of eukaryote cells is to provide mechanical strength and a scaffold supporting diverse shapes and cellular functions.Since 2003, after the first bacterial IF-like protein, crescentin was identified, it has been evident that bacteria also employ filamentous networks, other than those built from bacterial tubulin or actin homologues, in order to support their cell shape, growth and, in some cases, division. Intriguingly, compared to their eukaryote counterparts, the group of bacterial IF-like proteins shows much wider structural diversity. The sizes of both the head and tail domains are markedly reduced and there is great variation in the length of the central rod-domain. Furthermore, bacterial rod-domains often lack the sub-domain organisation of eukaryote IFs that is the defining feature of the IF-family. However, the fascinating display of filamentous assemblies, including rope, striated cables and hexagonal laces together with the conditions required for their formation both in vitro and in vivo strongly resemble that of eukaryote IFs suggesting that these bacterial proteins are deservedly classified as part of the IF-family and that the current definition should be relaxed slightly to allow their inclusion. The lack of extensive head and tail domains may well make the bacterial proteins more amenable for structural characterisation, which will be essential for establishing the mechanism for their association into filaments. What is more, the well-developed tools for bacterial manipulations provide an excellent opportunity of studying the bacterial systems with the prospect of making significant progress in our understanding of the general underlying principles of intermediate filament assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H Kelemen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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33
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Charrier EE, Asnacios A, Milloud R, De Mets R, Balland M, Delort F, Cardoso O, Vicart P, Batonnet-Pichon S, Hénon S. Desmin Mutation in the C-Terminal Domain Impairs Traction Force Generation in Myoblasts. Biophys J 2016; 110:470-480. [PMID: 26789769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeleton plays a key role in the ability of cells to both resist mechanical stress and generate force, but the precise involvement of intermediate filaments in these processes remains unclear. We focus here on desmin, a type III intermediate filament, which is specifically expressed in muscle cells and serves as a skeletal muscle differentiation marker. By using several complementary experimental techniques, we have investigated the impact of overexpressing desmin and expressing a mutant desmin on the passive and active mechanical properties of C2C12 myoblasts. We first show that the overexpression of wild-type-desmin increases the overall rigidity of the cells, whereas the expression of a mutated E413K desmin does not. This mutation in the desmin gene is one of those leading to desminopathies, a subgroup of myopathies associated with progressive muscular weakness that are characterized by the presence of desmin aggregates and a disorganization of sarcomeres. We show that the expression of this mutant desmin in C2C12 myoblasts induces desmin network disorganization, desmin aggregate formation, and a small decrease in the number and total length of stress fibers. We finally demonstrate that expression of the E413K mutant desmin also alters the traction forces generation of single myoblasts lacking organized sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth E Charrier
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France; Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Milloud
- LIPhy Université Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5588, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard De Mets
- LIPhy Université Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5588, Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Balland
- LIPhy Université Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5588, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Delort
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cardoso
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Batonnet-Pichon
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Hénon
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR 7057, Paris, France.
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Coch RA, Leube RE. Intermediate Filaments and Polarization in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cells 2016; 5:E32. [PMID: 27429003 PMCID: PMC5040974 DOI: 10.3390/cells5030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic intermediate filament cytoskeleton provides a tissue-specific three-dimensional scaffolding with unique context-dependent organizational features. This is particularly apparent in the intestinal epithelium, in which the intermediate filament network is localized below the apical terminal web region and is anchored to the apical junction complex. This arrangement is conserved from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. The review summarizes compositional, morphological and functional features of the polarized intermediate filament cytoskeleton in intestinal cells of nematodes and mammals. We emphasize the cross talk of intermediate filaments with the actin- and tubulin-based cytoskeleton. Possible links of the intermediate filament system to the distribution of apical membrane proteins and the cell polarity complex are highlighted. Finally, we discuss how these properties relate to the establishment and maintenance of polarity in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Coch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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35
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Significance of 1B and 2B domains in modulating elastic properties of lamin A. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27879. [PMID: 27301336 PMCID: PMC4908593 DOI: 10.1038/srep27879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins which form an elastic
meshwork underlying the inner nuclear membrane. Lamins directly contribute to
maintain the nuclear shape and elasticity. More than 400 mutations have been
reported in lamin A that are involved in diseases known as laminopathies. These
mutations are scattered mainly in the lamin rod domain along with some in its
C-terminal domain. The contribution of the rod domain towards the elasticity of
lamin A molecule was hitherto unknown. Here, we have elucidated the significance of
the 1B and 2B domains of the rod in modulating the elastic behavior of lamin A by
single-molecule force spectroscopy. In addition, we have also studied the network
forming capacity of these domains and their corresponding viscoelastic behavior. We
have shown that the 1B domain has the ability to form a lamin-like network and
resists larger deformation. However at the single-molecular level, both the domains
have comparable mechanical properties. The self-assembly of the 1B domain
contributes to the elasticity of the lamin A network.
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36
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Role of Intermediate Filaments in Vesicular Traffic. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020020. [PMID: 27120621 PMCID: PMC4931669 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are an important component of the cellular cytoskeleton. The first established role attributed to intermediate filaments was the mechanical support to cells. However, it is now clear that intermediate filaments have many different roles affecting a variety of other biological functions, such as the organization of microtubules and microfilaments, the regulation of nuclear structure and activity, the control of cell cycle and the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, a number of intermediate filament proteins have been involved in the acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Over the last years, a strong involvement of intermediate filament proteins in the regulation of several aspects of intracellular trafficking has strongly emerged. Here, we review the functions of intermediate filaments proteins focusing mainly on the recent knowledge gained from the discovery that intermediate filaments associate with key proteins of the vesicular membrane transport machinery. In particular, we analyze the current understanding of the contribution of intermediate filaments to the endocytic pathway.
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37
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Premchandar A, Kupniewska A, Tarnowski K, Mücke N, Mauermann M, Kaus-Drobek M, Edelman A, Herrmann H, Dadlez M. Analysis of distinct molecular assembly complexes of keratin K8 and K18 by hydrogen–deuterium exchange. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:426-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Atri H, Bidram E, Dunstan DE. Reconstituted Keratin Biomaterial with Enhanced Ductility. MATERIALS 2015; 8:7472-7485. [PMID: 28793650 PMCID: PMC5458892 DOI: 10.3390/ma8115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the waste from protein fibres represents an important renewable source for a new generation of biomaterials and promising competitors for carbohydrate based biomaterials. Regenerated keratin biomaterials are biodegradable in vivo and in vitro, biocompatible, and support cell attachment and proliferation; however, their major drawback has been their weak mechanical properties such as ductility. The following study was conducted in an attempt to improve the ductility of reconstituted keratin films obtained from Australian merino wool fibres. Keratin was extracted from wool fibres according to an established protocol proposed by Yamauchi, and then dialyzed and desalted by multiple diafiltration wash cycles. The resulting keratin film was transparent, biodegradable, and, opposite to its predecessors, mechanically durable, possessing a Young modulus about 12.5 MPa with 35% extensibility. The polypeptide chains were found to rearrange themselves in the β-sheet state in this keratin film, which was shown to be semi-crystalline. This film, unlike its predecessors, did not support human cell proliferation. These properties of the diafiltered keratin film have led us to think that diafiltration resulted in producing a totally new keratin film, which is envisaged to find applications in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halleh Atri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Elham Bidram
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - David E Dunstan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Khmelinskii I, Zueva L, Inyushin M, Makarov V. Model of Polarization Selectivity of the Intermediate Filament Optical Channels. PHOTONICS AND NANOSTRUCTURES : FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 16:24-33. [PMID: 26435707 PMCID: PMC4587907 DOI: 10.1016/j.photonics.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have analyzed light transmission and spectral selectivity by optical channels in Müller cells and other transparent cells, proposing a model of their structure, formed by specialized intermediate filaments [1,2]. Our model represents each optical channel by an axially symmetric tube with conductive walls. Presently, we analyze the planar polarization selectivity in long nanostructures, using the previously developed approach extended to structures of the elliptic cross-section. We find that the output light polarization angle depends on the a/b ratio, with a and b the semiaxes of the ellipse. Experimental tests used a Cr nano-strip device to evaluate the transmitted light polarization. The model adapted to the experimental geometry provided an accurate fit of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khmelinskii
- Universidade do Algarve, FCT, DQB and CIQA, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lidia Zueva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Inyushin
- Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, PR 00960-6032, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00931-3343, USA
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Complete Structure of an Epithelial Keratin Dimer: Implications for Intermediate Filament Assembly. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132706. [PMID: 26181054 PMCID: PMC4504709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are cytoskeletal proteins that hierarchically arrange into filaments, starting with the dimer sub-unit. They are integral to the structural support of cells, in skin, hair and nails. In skin, keratin is thought to play a critical role in conferring the barrier properties and elasticity of skin. In general, the keratin dimer is broadly described by a tri-domain structure: a head, a central rod and a tail. As yet, no atomistic-scale picture of the entire dimer structure exists; this information is pivotal for establishing molecular-level connections between structure and function in intermediate filament proteins. The roles of the head and tail domains in facilitating keratin filament assembly and function remain as open questions. To address these, we report results of molecular dynamics simulations of the entire epithelial human K1/K10 keratin dimer. Our findings comprise: (1) the first three-dimensional structural models of the complete dimer unit, comprising of the head, rod and tail domains; (2) new insights into the chirality of the rod-domain twist gained from analysis of the full domain structure; (3) evidence for tri-subdomain partitioning in the head and tail domains; and, (4) identification of the residue characteristics that mediate non-covalent contact between the chains in the dimer. Our findings are immediately applicable to other epithelial keratins, such as K8/K18 and K5/K14, and to intermediate filament proteins in general.
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41
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Meinke P, Schirmer EC. LINC'ing form and function at the nuclear envelope. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2514-21. [PMID: 26096784 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is an amazing piece of engineering. On one hand it is built like a mediaeval fortress with filament systems reinforcing its membrane walls and its double membrane structure forming a lumen like a castle moat. On the other hand its structure can adapt while maintaining its integrity like a reed bending in a river. Like a fortress it has guarded drawbridges in the nuclear pore complexes, but also has other mechanical means of communication. All this is enabled largely because of the LINC complex, a multi-protein structure that connects the intermediate filament nucleoskeleton across the lumen of the double membrane nuclear envelope to multiple cytoplasmic filament systems that themselves could act simultaneously both like mediaeval buttresses and like lines on a suspension bridge. Although many details of the greater LINC structure remain to be discerned, a number of recent findings are giving clues as to how its structural organization can yield such striking dynamic yet stable properties. Combining double- and triple-helical coiled-coils, intrinsic disorder and order, tissue-specific components, and intermediate filaments enables these unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meinke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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42
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El Tanawy RM, Belal KM, Hassan WA, Said EA, Hafez SM. Assessment of serum antimutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-161x.157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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van den Driesche S, McKinnell C, Calarrão A, Kennedy L, Hutchison GR, Hrabalkova L, Jobling MS, Macpherson S, Anderson RA, Sharpe RM, Mitchell RT. Comparative effects of di(n-butyl) phthalate exposure on fetal germ cell development in the rat and in human fetal testis xenografts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:223-30. [PMID: 25514601 PMCID: PMC4348744 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate exposure induces germ cell effects in the fetal rat testis. Although experimental models have shown that the human fetal testis is insensitive to the steroidogenic effects of phthalates, the effects on germ cells have been less explored. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the effects of phthalate exposure on human fetal germ cells in a dynamic model and to establish whether the rat is an appropriate model for investigating such effects. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine Sertoli and germ cell markers on rat testes and human fetal testis xenografts after exposure to vehicle or di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP). Our study included analysis of germ cell differentiation markers, proliferation markers, and cell adhesion proteins. RESULTS In both rat and human fetal testes, DBP exposure induced similar germ cell effects, namely, germ cell loss (predominantly undifferentiated), induction of multinucleated gonocytes (MNGs), and aggregation of differentiated germ cells, although the latter occurred rarely in the human testes. The mechanism for germ cell aggregation and MNG induction appears to be loss of Sertoli cell-germ cell membrane adhesion, probably due to Sertoli cell microfilament redistribution. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide the first comparison of DBP effects on germ cell number, differentiation, and aggregation in human testis xenografts and in vivo in rats. We observed comparable effects on germ cells in both species, but the effects in the human were muted compared with those in the rat. Nevertheless, phthalate effects on germ cells have potential implications for the next generation, which merits further study. Our results indicate that the rat is a human-relevant model in which to explore the mechanisms for germ cell effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van den Driesche
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Antunes E, Cruz CF, Azoia NG, Cavaco-Paulo A. The effects of solvent composition on the affinity of a peptide towards hair keratin: experimental and molecular dynamics data. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations with a developed hair protofibril model demonstrated the ability to improve peptide uptake by hair shafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egipto Antunes
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Célia F. Cruz
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Nuno G. Azoia
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering
- University of Minho
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
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Mechanical Properties and Failure of Biopolymers: Atomistic Reactions to Macroscale Response. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2015; 369:317-43. [PMID: 26108895 DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of chemical bonding under various mechanical loadings is an intriguing mechanochemical property of biological materials, and the property plays a critical role in determining their deformation and failure mechanisms. Because of their astonishing mechanical properties and roles in constituting the basis of a variety of physiologically relevant materials, biological protein materials have been intensively studied. Understanding the relation between chemical bond networks (structures) and their mechanical properties offers great possibilities to enable new materials design in nanotechnology and new medical treatments for human diseases. Here we focus on how the chemical bonds in biological systems affect mechanical properties and how they change during mechanical deformation and failure. Three representative cases of biomaterials related to the human diseases are discussed in case studies, including: amyloids, intermediate filaments, and collagen, each describing mechanochemical features and how they relate to the pathological conditions at multiple scales.
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Kreplak L, Rutenberg AD. Lateral exchange smooths the way for vimentin filaments. Biophys J 2014; 107:2747-2748. [PMID: 25517140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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47
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A gas phase cleavage reaction of cross-linked peptides for protein complex topology studies by peptide fragment fingerprinting from large sequence database. J Proteomics 2014; 108:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Buncherd H, Roseboom W, Ghavim B, Du W, de Koning LJ, de Koster CG, de Jong L. Isolation of cross-linked peptides by diagonal strong cation exchange chromatography for protein complex topology studies by peptide fragment fingerprinting from large sequence databases. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1348:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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49
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Robert A, Herrmann H, Davidson MW, Gelfand VI. Microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin filament precursors is regulated by actin and by the concerted action of Rho- and p21-activated kinases. FASEB J 2014; 28:2879-90. [PMID: 24652946 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) form a dense and dynamic network that is functionally associated with microtubules and actin filaments. We used the GFP-tagged vimentin mutant Y117L to study vimentin-cytoskeletal interactions and transport of vimentin filament precursors. This mutant preserves vimentin interaction with other components of the cytoskeleton, but its assembly is blocked at the unit-length filament (ULF) stage. ULFs are easy to track, and they allow a reliable and quantifiable analysis of movement. Our results show that in cultured human vimentin-negative SW13 cells, 2% of vimentin-ULFs move along microtubules bidirectionally, while the majority are stationary and tightly associated with actin filaments. Rapid motor-dependent transport of ULFs along microtubules is enhanced ≥ 5-fold by depolymerization of actin cytoskeleton with latrunculin B. The microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin ULFs is further regulated by Rho-kinase (ROCK) and p21-activated kinase (PAK): ROCK inhibits ULF transport, while PAK stimulates it. Both kinases act on microtubule transport independently of their effects on actin cytoskeleton. Our study demonstrates the importance of the actin cytoskeleton to restrict IF transport and reveals a new role for PAK and ROCK in the regulation of IF precursor transport.-Robert, A., Herrmann, H., Davidson, M. W., and Gelfand, V. I. Microtubule-dependent transport of vimentin filament precursors is regulated by actin and by the concerted action of Rho- and p21-activated kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Robert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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Lengerer B, Pjeta R, Wunderer J, Rodrigues M, Arbore R, Schärer L, Berezikov E, Hess MW, Pfaller K, Egger B, Obwegeser S, Salvenmoser W, Ladurner P. Biological adhesion of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano relies on a duo-gland system and is mediated by a cell type-specific intermediate filament protein. Front Zool 2014; 11:12. [PMID: 24520881 PMCID: PMC4016567 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-living flatworms, in both marine and freshwater environments, are able to adhere to and release from a substrate several times within a second. This reversible adhesion relies on adhesive organs comprised of three cell types: an adhesive gland cell, a releasing gland cell, and an anchor cell, which is a modified epidermal cell responsible for structural support. However, nothing is currently known about the molecules that are involved in this adhesion process. RESULTS In this study we present the detailed morphology of the adhesive organs of the free-living marine flatworm Macrostomum lignano. About 130 adhesive organs are located in a horse-shoe-shaped arc along the ventral side of the tail plate. Each organ consists of exactly three cells, an adhesive gland cell, a releasing gland cell, and an anchor cell. The necks of the two gland cells penetrate the anchor cell through a common pore. Modified microvilli of the anchor cell form a collar surrounding the necks of the adhesive- and releasing glands, jointly forming the papilla, the outer visible part of the adhesive organs. Next, we identified an intermediate filament (IF) gene, macif1, which is expressed in the anchor cells. RNA interference mediated knock-down resulted in the first experimentally induced non-adhesion phenotype in any marine animal. Specifically, the absence of intermediate filaments in the anchor cells led to papillae with open tips, a reduction of the cytoskeleton network, a decline in hemidesmosomal connections, and to shortened microvilli containing less actin. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal an elaborate biological adhesion system in a free-living flatworm, which permits impressively rapid temporary adhesion-release performance in the marine environment. We demonstrate that the structural integrity of the supportive cell, the anchor cell, is essential for this adhesion process: the knock-down of the anchor cell-specific intermediate filament gene resulted in the inability of the animals to adhere. The RNAi mediated changes of the anchor cell morphology are comparable to situations observed in human gut epithelia. Therefore, our current findings and future investigations using this powerful flatworm model system might contribute to a better understanding of the function of intermediate filaments and their associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Ladurner
- Institute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr, 25, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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