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Kurokin I, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Winkler J, Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Matschke V, van der Laan M, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Targeted Lipidomics of Mitochondria in a Cellular Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081062. [PMID: 34440266 PMCID: PMC8393816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques derived from amyloidogenic processing of a precursor protein (APP). Recently, changes in mitochondrial function have become in the focus of the disease. Whereas a link between AD and lipid-homeostasis exists, little is known about potential alterations in the lipid composition of mitochondria. Here, we investigate potential changes in the main mitochondrial phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and the corresponding plasmalogens and lyso-phospholipids of a cellular AD-model (SH-SY5Y APPswedish transfected cells), comparing these results with changes in cell-homogenates. Targeted shotgun-lipidomics revealed lipid alterations to be specific for mitochondria and cannot be predicted from total cell analysis. In particular, lipids containing three and four times unsaturated fatty acids (FA X:4), such as arachidonic-acid, are increased, whereas FA X:6 or X:5, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are decreased. Additionally, PE plasmalogens are increased in contrast to homogenates. Results were confirmed in another cellular AD model, having a lower affinity to amyloidogenic APP processing. Besides several similarities, differences in particular in PE species exist, demonstrating that differences in APP processing might lead to specific changes in lipid homeostasis in mitochondria. Importantly, the observed lipid alterations are accompanied by changes in the carnitine carrier system, also suggesting an altered mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurokin
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling PZMS, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wang Y, Tang H, Yang C, Zhao H, Jian C. Involvement of p75NTR in the effects of Aβ on L-type Ca2+ channel in cultured neuronal networks. Life Sci 2020; 243:117293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Accelerated brain aging towards transcriptional inversion in a zebrafish model of the K115fs mutation of human PSEN2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227258. [PMID: 31978074 PMCID: PMC6980398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular changes involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression remain unclear since we cannot easily access antemortem human brains. Some non-mammalian vertebrates such as the zebrafish preserve AD-relevant transcript isoforms of the PRESENILIN genes lost from mice and rats. One example is PS2V, the alternative transcript isoform of the PSEN2 gene. PS2V is induced by hypoxia/oxidative stress and shows increased expression in late onset, sporadic AD brains. A unique, early onset familial AD mutation of PSEN2, K115fs, mimics the PS2V coding sequence suggesting that forced, early expression of PS2V-like isoforms may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Here we use zebrafish to model the K115fs mutation to investigate the effects of forced PS2V-like expression on the transcriptomes of young adult and aged adult brains. Methods We edited the zebrafish genome to model the K115fs mutation. To explore its effects at the molecular level, we analysed the brain transcriptome and proteome of young (6-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) wild type and heterozygous mutant female sibling zebrafish. Finally, we used gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to compare molecular changes in the brains of these fish to human AD. Results Young heterozygous mutant fish show transcriptional changes suggesting accelerated brain aging and increased glucocorticoid signalling. These early changes precede a transcriptional ‘inversion’ that leads to glucocorticoid resistance and other likely pathological changes in aged heterozygous mutant fish. Notably, microglia-associated immune responses regulated by the ETS transcription factor family are altered in both our zebrafish mutant model and in human AD. The molecular changes we observe in aged heterozygous mutant fish occur without obvious histopathology and possibly in the absence of Aβ. Conclusions Our results suggest that forced expression of a PS2V-like isoform contributes to immune and stress responses favouring AD pathogenesis. This highlights the value of our zebrafish genetic model for exploring molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis.
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Wang X, Zheng W. Ca 2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles. FASEB J 2019; 33:6697-6712. [PMID: 30848934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that Ca2+ is a vital factor in modulating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In healthy neurons, Ca2+ concentration is balanced to maintain a lower level in the cytosol than in the extracellular space or certain intracellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the lysosome, whereas this homeostasis is broken in AD. On the plasma membrane, the AD hallmarks amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau interact with ligand-gated or voltage-gated Ca2+-influx channels and inhibit the Ca2+-efflux ATPase or exchangers, leading to an elevated intracellular Ca2+ level and disrupted Ca2+ signal. In the ER, the disabled presenilin "Ca2+ leak" function and the direct implications of Aβ and presenilin mutants contribute to Ca2+-signal disorder. The enhanced ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated Ca2+ release from the ER aggravates cytosolic Ca2+ disorder and triggers apoptosis; the down-regulated ER Ca2+ sensor, stromal interaction molecule (STIM), alleviates store-operated Ca2+ entry in plasma membrane, leading to spine loss. The increased transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) causes Ca2+ overload in the mitochondrial matrix and consequently opens the cellular damage-related channel, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this review, we discuss the effects of Aβ, tau and presenilin on neuronal Ca2+ signal, focusing on the receptors and regulators in plasma membrane and ER; we briefly introduce the involvement of MAM-mediated Ca2+ transfer and mPTP opening in AD pathogenesis.-Wang, X., Zheng, W. Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on plasma membrane and cell organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu Q, Wang SC, Ding K. Research advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:641-652. [PMID: 28991525 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of patients' memory and their cognitive abilities and the mechanism is not completely clear. Although a variety of drugs have been approved for the AD treatment, substances which can prevent and cure AD are still in great need. The effect of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on anti-AD has gained great progress and attained more and more attention in recent years. In this review, research advances in TCM-polysaccharides on AD made in this decade are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shun-Chun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Lawrence KM, Jones RC, Jackson TR, Baylie RL, Abbott B, Bruhn-Olszewska B, Board TN, Locke IC, Richardson SM, Townsend PA. Chondroprotection by urocortin involves blockade of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5147. [PMID: 28698554 PMCID: PMC5505992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by progressive destruction of articular cartilage and chondrocyte cell death. Here, we show the expression of the endogenous peptide urocortin1 (Ucn1) and two receptor subtypes, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, in primary human articular chondrocytes (AC) and demonstrate its role as an autocrine/paracrine pro-survival factor. This effect could only be removed using the CRF-R1 selective antagonist CP-154526, suggesting Ucn1 acts through CRF-R1 when promoting chondrocyte survival. This cell death was characterised by an increase in p53 expression, and cleavage of caspase 9 and 3. Antagonism of CRF-R1 with CP-154526 caused an accumulation of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) over time and cell death. These effects could be prevented with the non-selective cation channel blocker Gadolinium (Gd3+). Therefore, opening of a non-selective cation channel causes cell death and Ucn1 maintains this channel in a closed conformation. This channel was identified to be the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1. We go on to determine that this channel inhibition by Ucn1 is mediated initially by an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and a subsequent inactivation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), whose metabolites are known to modulate ion channels. Knowledge of these novel pathways may present opportunities for interventions that could abrogate the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Lawrence
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - R C Jones
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - T R Jackson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - R L Baylie
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK
| | - B Abbott
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - B Bruhn-Olszewska
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - T N Board
- The Center for Hip Surgery, Wrightington Hospital, Wigan, WN6 9EP, UK
| | - I C Locke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - S M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - P A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
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Angelova PR, Abramov AY. Alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid – different targets, same players: calcium, free radicals and mitochondria in the mechanism of neurodegeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:1110-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Grimm MOW, Regner L, Mett J, Stahlmann CP, Schorr P, Nelke C, Streidenberger O, Stoetzel H, Winkler J, Zaidan SR, Thiel A, Endres K, Grimm HS, Volmer DA, Hartmann T. Tocotrienol Affects Oxidative Stress, Cholesterol Homeostasis and the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Neuroblastoma Cells: Consequences for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111809. [PMID: 27801864 PMCID: PMC5133810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is an increased amyloid load and an enhanced level of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Vitamin E has known beneficial neuroprotective effects, and previously, some studies suggested that vitamin E is associated with a reduced risk of AD due to its antioxidative properties. However, epidemiological studies and nutritional approaches of vitamin E treatment are controversial. Here, we investigate the effect of α-tocotrienol, which belongs to the group of vitamin E, on AD-relevant processes in neuronal cell lines. In line with the literature, α-tocotrienol reduced the ROS level in SH-SY5Y cells. In the presence of tocotrienols, cholesterol and cholesterol esters, which have been shown to be risk factors in AD, were decreased. Besides the unambiguous positive effects of tocotrienol, amyloid-β (Aβ) levels were increased accompanied by an increase in the activity of enzymes responsible for Aβ production. Proteins and gene expression of the secretases and their components remained unchanged, whereas tocotrienol accelerates enzyme activity in cell-free assays. Besides enhanced Aβ production, tocotrienols inhibited Aβ degradation in neuro 2a (N2a)-cells. Our results might help to understand the controversial findings of vitamin E studies and demonstrate that besides the known positive neuroprotective properties, tocotrienols also have negative characteristics with respect to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O W Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Liesa Regner
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Janine Mett
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Christoph P Stahlmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Pascal Schorr
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Christopher Nelke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Olga Streidenberger
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Hannah Stoetzel
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Shatha R Zaidan
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Andrea Thiel
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Research Group, University Medical Centre Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heike S Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Research Group, University Medical Centre Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Villela D, Suemoto CK, Pasqualucci CA, Grinberg LT, Rosenberg C. Do Copy Number Changes in CACNA2D2, CACNA2D3, and CACNA1D Constitute a Predisposing Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease? Front Genet 2016; 7:107. [PMID: 27379157 PMCID: PMC4905985 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is now being recognized to be a key step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Data from the literature, in particular the association between AD and polymorphism that interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis indicates the presence of genetic factors in this process; further, presenilins mutations, which are known to cause the familial form of AD, are involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Here, we wish to draw attention to rare DNA copy number variations identified in two subjects with late-onset AD that led to partial or full duplication of genes that encode different subunits of the same type of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels; these duplications of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel genes is consistent with the critical role of calcium signaling in molecular processes underlying memory as has been demonstrated by several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine Villela
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Discipline of Geriatrics, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group - LIM22, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São PauloBrazil; Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CAUSA
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D cell signalling in health and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:53-71. [PMID: 25998734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A Vitamin D phenotypic stability hypothesis, which is developed in this review, attempts to describe how this vital hormone acts to maintain healthy cellular functions. This role of Vitamin D as a guardian of phenotypic stability seems to depend on its ability to maintain the redox and Ca(2+) signalling systems. It is argued that its primary action is to maintain the expression of those signalling components responsible for stabilizing the low resting state of these two signalling pathways. This phenotypic stability role is facilitated through the ability of vitamin D to increase the expression of both Nrf2 and the anti-ageing protein Klotho, which are also major regulators of Ca(2+) and redox signalling. A decline in Vitamin D levels will lead to a decline in the stability of this regulatory signalling network and may account for why so many of the major diseases in man, which have been linked to vitamin D deficiency, are associated with a dysregulation in both ROS and Ca(2+) signalling.
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Rasagiline and selegiline suppress calcium efflux from mitochondria by PK11195-induced opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a novel anti-apoptotic function for neuroprotection. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Mota SI, Costa RO, Ferreira IL, Santana I, Caldeira GL, Padovano C, Fonseca AC, Baldeiras I, Cunha C, Letra L, Oliveira CR, Pereira CMF, Rego AC. Oxidative stress involving changes in Nrf2 and ER stress in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1428-41. [PMID: 25857617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. In this study we analyzed whether oxidative stress involving changes in Nrf2 and ER stress may constitute early events in AD pathogenesis by using human peripheral blood cells and an AD transgenic mouse model at different disease stages. Increased oxidative stress and increased phosphorylated Nrf2 (p(Ser40)Nrf2) were observed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Moreover, we observed impaired ER Ca2+ homeostasis and increased ER stress markers in PBMCs from MCI individuals and mild AD patients. Evidence of early oxidative stress defense mechanisms in AD was substantiated by increased p(Ser40)Nrf2 in 3month-old 3xTg-AD male mice PBMCs, and also with increased nuclear Nrf2 levels in brain cortex. However, SOD1 protein levels were decreased in human MCI PBMCs and in 3xTg-AD mice brain cortex; the latter further correlated with reduced SOD1 mRNA levels. Increased ER stress was also detected in the brain cortex of young female and old male 3xTg-AD mice. We demonstrate oxidative stress and early Nrf2 activation in AD human and mouse models, which fails to regulate some of its targets, leading to repressed expression of antioxidant defenses (e.g., SOD-1), and extending to ER stress. Results suggest markers of prodromal AD linked to oxidative stress associated with Nrf2 activation and ER stress that may be followed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui O Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ildete L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Neurology Unit of Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gladys L Caldeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carmela Padovano
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Cunha
- Neurology Unit of Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Letra
- Neurology Unit of Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina R Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M F Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Abstract
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy,
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14
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Tau protein modifications and interactions: their role in function and dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4671-713. [PMID: 24646911 PMCID: PMC3975420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is abundant in the central nervous system and involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. It is predominantly associated with axonal microtubules and present at lower level in dendrites where it is engaged in signaling functions. Post-translational modifications of tau and its interaction with several proteins play an important regulatory role in the physiology of tau. As a consequence of abnormal modifications and expression, tau is redistributed from neuronal processes to the soma and forms toxic oligomers or aggregated deposits. The accumulation of tau protein is increasingly recognized as the neuropathological hallmark of a number of dementia disorders known as tauopathies. Dysfunction of tau protein may contribute to collapse of cytoskeleton, thereby causing improper anterograde and retrograde movement of motor proteins and their cargos on microtubules. These disturbances in intraneuronal signaling may compromise synaptic transmission as well as trophic support mechanisms in neurons.
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15
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Gant JC, Blalock EM, Chen KC, Kadish I, Porter NM, Norris CM, Thibault O, Landfield PW. FK506-binding protein 1b/12.6: a key to aging-related hippocampal Ca2+ dysregulation? Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 739:74-82. [PMID: 24291098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized for some time that the Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) is larger in hippocampal neurons of aged compared with young animals. In addition, extensive studies since have shown that other Ca(2+)-mediated electrophysiological responses are increased in hippocampus with aging, including Ca(2+) transients, L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel activity, Ca(2+) spike duration and action potential accommodation. Elevated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) appears to drive amplification of the Ca(2+) responses. Components of this Ca(2+) dysregulation phenotype correlate with deficits in cognitive function and plasticity, indicating they may play critical roles in aging-related impairment of brain function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying aging-related Ca(2+) dysregulation are not well understood. FK506-binding proteins 1a and 1b (FKBP1a/1b, also known as FKBP12/12.6) are immunophilin proteins that bind the immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and rapamycin. In muscle cells, FKBP1a/1b also bind RyRs and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, but it is not clear whether FKBPs act similarly in brain cells. Recently, we found that selectively disrupting hippocampal FKBP1b function in young rats, either by microinjecting adeno-associated viral vectors expressing siRNA, or by treatment with rapamycin, increases the sAHP and recapitulates much of the hippocampal Ca(2+) dysregulation phenotype. Moreover, in microarray studies, we found FKBP1b gene expression was downregulated in hippocampus of aging rats and early-stage Alzheimer's disease subjects. These results suggest the novel hypothesis that declining FKBP function is a key factor in aging-related Ca(2+) dysregulation in the brain and point to potential new therapeutic targets for counteracting unhealthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gant
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - E M Blalock
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - K-C Chen
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - I Kadish
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - N M Porter
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - C M Norris
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - O Thibault
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - P W Landfield
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose St., UKMC Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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16
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Liu L, Martin R, Kohler G, Chan C. Palmitate induces transcriptional regulation of BACE1 and presenilin by STAT3 in neurons mediated by astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:482-90. [PMID: 23968646 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of calcium has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we showed that saturated free-fatty acid, palmitate, causes AD-like changes in primary cortical neurons mediated by astrocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which conditioned medium from astrocytes cultured in palmitate induce AD-like changes in neurons are unknown. This study demonstrates that this condition medium from astrocytes elevates calcium level in the neurons, which subsequently increases calpain activity, a calcium-dependent protease, leading to enhance p25/Cdk5 activity and phosphorylation and activation of the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) transcription factor. Inhibiting calpain or Cdk5 significantly reduces the upregulation in nuclear level of pSTAT3, which we found to transcriptionally regulate both BACE1 and presenilin-1, the latter is a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase. Decreasing pSTAT3 levels reduced the mRNA levels of both BACE1 and presenilin-1 to near control levels. These data demonstrate a signal pathway leading to the activation of STAT3, and the generation of the amyloid peptide. Thus, our results suggest that STAT3 is an important potential therapeutic target of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1): form, function, and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:594-603. [PMID: 23871436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene, also known as amphiphysin 2, has recently been identified as the most important risk locus for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), after apolipoprotein E (APOE). Here, we summarize the known functions of BIN1 and discuss the polymorphisms associated with LOAD, as well as their possible physiological effects. Emerging data suggest that BIN1 affects AD risk primarily by modulating tau pathology, but other affected cellular functions are discussed, including endocytosis/trafficking, inflammation, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. Epigenetic modifications are important for AD pathogenesis, and we review data that suggests the possible DNA methylation of the BIN1 promoter. Finally, given the potential contributions of BIN1 to AD pathogenesis, targeting BIN1 might present novel opportunities for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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18
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Donovan LE, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Hanfelt JJ, Levey AI, Seyfried NT, Lah JJ. Exploring the potential of the platelet membrane proteome as a source of peripheral biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2013; 5:32. [PMID: 23764030 PMCID: PMC4054949 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) have not been established. Given parallels between neuron and platelet biology, we hypothesized platelet membrane-associated protein changes may differentiate patients clinically defined with probable AD from noncognitive impaired controls. Methods Purified platelets, confirmed by flow cytometry were obtained from individuals before fractionation by ultracentrifugation. Following a comparison of individual membrane fractions by SDS-PAGE for general proteome uniformity, equal protein weight from the membrane fractions for five representative samples from AD and five samples from controls were pooled. AD and control protein pools were further divided into molecular weight regions by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, prior to digestion in gel. Tryptic peptides were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ionized peptide intensities were averaged for each identified protein in the two pools, thereby measuring relative protein abundance between the two membrane protein pools. Log2-transformed ratio (AD/control) of protein abundances fit a normal distribution, thereby permitting determination of significantly changed protein abundances in the AD pool. Results We report a comparative analysis of the membrane-enriched platelet proteome between patients with mild to moderate AD and cognitively normal, healthy subjects. A total of 144 proteins were determined significantly altered in the platelet membrane proteome from patients with probable AD. In particular, secretory (alpha) granule proteins were dramatically reduced in AD. Of these, we confirmed significant reduction of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in the AD platelet membrane proteome by immunoblotting. There was a high protein-protein connectivity of proteins in other pathways implicated by proteomic changes to the proteins that define secretory granules. Conclusions Depletion of secretory granule proteins is consistent with a preponderance of post-activated platelets in circulation in AD. Significantly changed pathways implicate additional AD-related defects in platelet glycoprotein synthesis, lipid homeostasis, amyloidogenic proteins, and regulators of protease activity, many of which may be useful plasma membrane-expressed markers for AD. This study highlights the utility of LC-MS/MS to quantify human platelet membrane proteins and suggests that platelets may serve as a source of blood-based biomarkers in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Donovan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - John J Hanfelt
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA ; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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19
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Goncalves MB, Clarke E, Hobbs C, Malmqvist T, Deacon R, Jack J, Corcoran JPT. Amyloid β inhibits retinoic acid synthesis exacerbating Alzheimer disease pathology which can be attenuated by an retinoic acid receptor α agonist. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1182-92. [PMID: 23379615 PMCID: PMC3655538 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α system plays a key role in the adult brain, participating in the homeostatic control of synaptic plasticity, essential for memory function. Here we show that RARα signalling is down-regulated by amyloid beta (Aβ), which inhibits the synthesis of the endogenous ligand, retinoic acid (RA). This results in the counteraction of a variety of RARα-activated pathways that are key in the aetiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but which can be reversed by an RARα agonist. RARα signalling improves cognition in the Tg2576 mice, it has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes Aβ clearance by increasing insulin degrading enzyme and neprilysin activity in both microglia and neurons. In addition, RARα signalling prevents tau phosphorylation. Therefore, stimulation of the RARα signalling pathway using a synthetic agonist, by both clearing Aβ and counteracting some of its toxic effects, offers therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Goncalves
- The Wolfson Centre For Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE11UL, UK
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20
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Wasik U, Schneider G, Mietelska-Porowska A, Mazurkiewicz M, Fabczak H, Weis S, Zabke C, Harrington CR, Filipek A, Niewiadomska G. Calcyclin binding protein and Siah-1 interacting protein in Alzheimer's disease pathology: neuronal localization and possible function. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 34:1380-8. [PMID: 23260124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The calcyclin binding protein and Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) protein was shown to play a role in the organization of microtubules. In this work we have examined the neuronal distribution and possible function of CacyBP/SIP in cytoskeletal pathophysiology. We have used brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and from transgenic mice modeling 2 different pathologies characteristic for AD: amyloid and tau. In the brain from AD patients, CacyBP/SIP was found to be almost exclusively present in neuronal somata, and in control patients it was seen in the somata and neuronal processes. In mice doubly transgenic for amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 there was no difference in CacyBP/SIP neuronal localization in comparison with the nontransgenic animals. By contrast in tau transgenic mice, localization of CacyBP/SIP was similar to that observed for AD patients. To find the relation between CacyBP/SIP and tau we examined dephosphorylation of tau by CacyBP/SIP. We found that indeed it exhibited phosphatase activity toward tau. Altogether, our results suggest that CacyBP/SIP might play a role in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wasik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Rossom RC, Espeland MA, Manson JE, Dysken MW, Johnson KC, Lane DS, LeBlanc ES, Lederle FA, Masaki KH, Margolis KL. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and cognitive impairment in the women's health initiative. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:2197-205. [PMID: 23176129 PMCID: PMC3521077 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of vitamin D and calcium on cognitive outcomes in elderly women. DESIGN Post hoc analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Forty Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical centers across the United States. PARTICIPANTS Four thousand one hundred forty-three women aged 65 and older without probable dementia at baseline who participated in the WHI Calcium and Vitamin D Trial and the WHI Memory Study. INTERVENTION Two thousand thirty-four women were randomized to receive 1,000 mg of calcium carbonate combined with 400 IU of vitamin D(3) (treatment) and 2,109 to placebo. MEASUREMENTS Primary: classifications of probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on a four-phase protocol that included central adjudication. Secondary: global cognitive function and individual cognitive subtests. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 71. During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, 39 participants in the treatment group and 37 in the placebo group developed incident dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71-1.74, P = .64). Likewise, 98 treatment participants and 108 placebo participants developed incident MCI (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.72-1.25, P = .72). There were no significant differences in incident dementia or MCI or in global or domain-specific cognitive function between groups. CONCLUSION There was no association between treatment assignment and incident cognitive impairment. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and calcium separately, on men, in other age and ethnic groups, and with other doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Rossom
- HealthPartners Research Foundation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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22
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Calero O, Bullido MJ, Clarimón J, Hortigüela R, Frank-García A, Martínez-Martín P, Lleó A, Rey MJ, Sastre I, Rábano A, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Ferrer I, Calero M. Genetic variability of the gene cluster CALHM 1-3 in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prion 2012; 6:407-12. [PMID: 22874670 DOI: 10.4161/pri.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of calcium homeostasis have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A common polymorphism (rs2986017) in the CALHM1 gene, coding for a regulator of calcium homeostasis, is a genetic risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although some authors failed to confirm these results, a meta-analysis has shown that this polymorphism modulates the age at disease onset. Furthermore, a recent association study has explored the genetic variability of CALHM1 gene and two adjacent paralog genes (CALHM3 and CALHM2) in an Asian population. Since several lines of evidence suggest that AD and prion diseases share pathophysiologic mechanisms, we investigated for the first time the genetic variability of the gene cluster formed by CALHM1 and its paralogs in a series of 235 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) patients, and compared the genotypic and allelic frequencies with those presented in 329 controls from the same ancestry. As such, this work also represents the first association analysis of CALHM genes in sCJD. Sequencing analysis of the complete coding regions of the genes demonstrated the presence of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the CALHM genes. We observed that rs4918016-rs2986017-rs2986018 and rs41287502-rs41287500 polymorphic sites at CALHM1 were in linkage disequilibrium. We found marginal associations for sCJD risk at CALHM1 polymorphic sites rs41287502 and rs41287500 [coding for two linked missense mutations (p.(Met323Ile); (Gly282Cys)], and rs2986017 [p.(Leu86Pro)]. Interestingly, a TGG haplotype defined by the rs4918016-rs2986017-rs2986018 block was associated with sCJD. These findings underscore the need of future multinational collaborative initiatives in order to corroborate these seminal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Calero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
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Armato U, Bonafini C, Chakravarthy B, Pacchiana R, Chiarini A, Whitfield JF, Dal Prà I. The calcium-sensing receptor: a novel Alzheimer's disease crucial target? J Neurol Sci 2012; 322:137-40. [PMID: 22841885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common human neurodegenerative ailment, the most prevalent (>95%) late-onset type of which has a still uncertain etiology. The progressive decline of cognitive functions, dementia, and physical disabilities of AD is caused by synaptic losses that progressively disconnect key neuronal networks in crucial brain areas, like the hippocampus and temporoparietal cortex, and critically impair language, sensory processing, memory, and conscious thought. AD's two main hallmarks are fibrillar amyloid-β (fAβ) plaques in extracellular spaces and intracellular accumulation of fAβ peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It is still undecided whether either or both these AD hallmarks cause or result from the disease. Recently, the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis has been advanced as a novel cause of AD. In this case, a suitable candidate of AD driver would be the Aβ peptides-binding/activated calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), whose intracellular signalling is triggered by Aβ peptides. In this review, we briefly discuss CaSR's roles in normal adult human astrocytes (NAHAs) and their possible impacts on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo Armato
- Histology and Embryology Unit, Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Venetia, Italy.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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25
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Newman M, Nornes S, Martins RN, Lardelli MT. Robust homeostasis of Presenilin1 protein levels by transcript regulation. Neurosci Lett 2012; 519:14-9. [PMID: 22580062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Presenilin proteins are essential facilitators of numerous developmental and cell signaling pathways. Point mutations in the human PRESENILIN genes (including mutations affecting splicing) have been linked to familial Alzheimer's disease. Zebrafish possess orthologues of the human PRESENILIN1 and PRESENILIN2 genes. We previously investigated forced aberrant splicing of zebrafish presenilin1 and discovered that high levels of incorporation into spliced transcripts of the intron cognate with human PRESENILIN1 intron 8 resulted in little or no change in Presenilin1 protein level and no identifiable embryonic phenotype. We now demonstrate that zebrafish embryos maintain relatively stable levels of normal Presenilin1 transcript and protein despite accumulating large amounts of aberrantly spliced presenilin1 transcript. We also show that increasing the levels of Presenilin1 protein decreases normal presenilin1 transcription. These two independent lines of evidence and the fact that blockage of Presenilin1 translation increases presenilin1 transcription support that regulation of presenilin1 transcript levels plays a major role in the homeostasis of Presenilin1 protein levels, presumably via a feedback mechanism that monitors the levels of Presenilin1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Newman
- Discipline of Genetics, The School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia.
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26
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Yamada KH, Kozlowski DA, Seidl SE, Lance S, Wieschhaus AJ, Sundivakkam P, Tiruppathi C, Chishti I, Herman IM, Kuchay SM, Chishti AH. Targeted gene inactivation of calpain-1 suppresses cortical degeneration due to traumatic brain injury and neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13182-93. [PMID: 22367208 PMCID: PMC3339949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.302612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are calcium-regulated cysteine proteases that have been implicated in the regulation of cell death pathways. Here, we used our calpain-1 null mouse model to evaluate the function of calpain-1 in neural degeneration following a rodent model of traumatic brain injury. In vivo, calpain-1 null mice show significantly less neural degeneration and apoptosis and a smaller contusion 3 days post-injury than wild type littermates. Protection from traumatic brain injury corroborated with the resistance of calpain-1 neurons to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Biochemical analysis revealed that caspase-3 activation, extracellular calcium entry, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria are partially blocked in the calpain-1 null neurons. These findings suggest that the calpain-1 knock-out mice may serve as a useful model system for neuronal protection and apoptosis in traumatic brain injury and other neurodegenerative disorders in which oxidative stress plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori H. Yamada
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Dorothy A. Kozlowski
- the Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Stacey E. Seidl
- the Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Steven Lance
- the Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois 60614
| | - Adam J. Wieschhaus
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- the Sackler School Programs in Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Premanand Sundivakkam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Imran Chishti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Ira M. Herman
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Shafi M. Kuchay
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
| | - Athar H. Chishti
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- the Sackler School Programs in Physiology, Pharmacology, and Microbiology
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, and
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