1
|
Li Z, Liang S, Sun H, Bao C, Li Y. Antilipogenesis Effect of Rutin-Loaded Liposomes Using a Microneedle Delivery System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54294-54303. [PMID: 37972277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, a flavonoid glycoside phytochemical compound, has a remarkable antiobesity effect. However, its therapeutic potential is hindered by its poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. In this study, rutin was loaded into liposomes (LR) through the self-assembly of lecithin and cholesterol. It was discovered that liposomes improved the water solubility and cellular uptake of rutin in adipocytes. These rutin-loaded liposomes were then incorporated into a microneedle patch (MP) system formed by polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(vinyl alcohol), and the MP-LR showed an increased release percentage in the adipose tissue microenvironment of pH 6.5 and achieved local delivery of rutin into adipocytes. Next, the therapeutic potentials of rutin, LR, and MP-LR were investigated in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. The MP-LR formulation decreased the weight of the HFD mice the most significantly. The antilipogenesis mechanisms of MP-LR are downregulating the lipid synthesis-related proteins (PPAR γ and C/EBP α) in adipocytes and promoting the expression of the beige adipogenesis-related proteins (UCP 1 and Cyt C). The MP systems further promote the local penetration of LR into the adipose tissue specifically, which again elevates their antiobesity effect. Overall, this study suggests that MP-delivered liposome-based formulation is a promising approach to enhance the antiobesity efficacy of antilipogenesis bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Bao
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi JW, Choi HJ, Ryu GH, Lee JW, Jeong JB. Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by Solanum nigrum by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:333. [PMID: 37346399 PMCID: PMC10280322 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Solanum nigrum exhibits anti-obesity effects in animal models induced by a high-fat diet. However, research on how Solanum nigrum exerts its anti-obesity effects is currently limited. Thus, the present study focused on identifying the mechanism of action associated with the anti-obesity activity of Solanum nigrum aerial part (SNAP), which significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was analyzed by Oil-Red O staining and glycerol content was analyzed using an ELISA kit. In addition, changes in protein expression within 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed using western blot analysis. It decreased the expression level of adipogenic proteins such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin. In addition, SNAP increased the expression levels of lipolytic proteins, such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, while decreasing perilipin-1. The treatment of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells increased the free glycerol levels. SNAP treatment resulted in increased AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the expression levels of thermogenic proteins (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α, PR domain containing 16 and uncoupling protein 1) and an autophagic protein (LC3-II). Overall, these results suggested that SNAP inhibited lipid droplet accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jin Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Ryu
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zarasvand SA, Haley-Zitlin V, Oladosu O, Esobi I, Powell RR, Bruce T, Stamatikos A. Assessing Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Mango Leaf Tea and Mangiferin within Cultured Adipocytes. Diseases 2023; 11:70. [PMID: 37218883 PMCID: PMC10204365 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a condition caused by surplus adipose tissue and is a risk factor for several diet-related diseases. Obesity is a global epidemic that has also been challenging to treat effectively. However, one promoted therapy to safely treat obesity is anti-adipogenic therapeutics. Therefore, identifying potent anti-adipogenic bioactive compounds that can safely be used clinically may effectively treat obesity in humans. Mango leaf has potential medicinal properties due to its many bioactive compounds that may enhance human health. Mangiferin (MGF) is a primary constituent in mango plants, with many health-promoting qualities. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of MGF, and tea brewed with mango leaves in cultured adipocytes. The anti-adipogenic efficacy of mango leaf tea (MLT) and MGF in 3T3-L1 cells were assessed, along with cell viability, triglyceride levels, adiponectin secretion, and glucose uptake analyzed. In addition, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism within 3T3-L1 cells were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed while both MLT and MGF increased glucose uptake in adipocytes, only MLT appeared to inhibit adipogenesis, as determined by decreased triglyceride accumulation. We also observed increased secretory adiponectin levels, reduced ACC mRNA expression, and increased FOXO1 and ATGL gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells treated with MLT but not MGF. Together, these results suggest that MLT may exhibit anti-adipogenic properties independent of MGF content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Alasvand Zarasvand
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.A.Z.); (V.H.-Z.); (O.O.); (I.E.)
| | - Vivian Haley-Zitlin
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.A.Z.); (V.H.-Z.); (O.O.); (I.E.)
| | - Olanrewaju Oladosu
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.A.Z.); (V.H.-Z.); (O.O.); (I.E.)
| | - Ikechukwu Esobi
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.A.Z.); (V.H.-Z.); (O.O.); (I.E.)
| | - Rhonda Reigers Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (R.R.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Terri Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (R.R.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Alexis Stamatikos
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.A.Z.); (V.H.-Z.); (O.O.); (I.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren J, Barton CD, Zhan J. Engineered production of bioactive polyphenolic O-glycosides. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108146. [PMID: 37028465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin and resveratrol) possess potential medicinal values due to their various bioactivities, but poor water solubility hinders their health benefits to humankind. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to biosynthesize natural product glycosides with improved hydrophilicity. Glycosylation has profound effects on decreasing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and stability, together with changing bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic glycosides can be used as food additives, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals. Engineered biosynthesis provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to generate polyphenolic glycosides through the use of various glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sugar biosynthetic enzymes. GTs transfer the sugar moieties from nucleotide-activated diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) donors to sugar acceptors such as polyphenolic compounds. In this review, we systematically review and summarize the representative polyphenolic O-glycosides with various bioactivities and their engineered biosynthesis in microbes with different biotechnological strategies. We also review the major routes towards NDP-sugar formation in microbes, which is significant for producing unusual or novel glycosides. Finally, we discuss the trends in NDP-sugar based glycosylation research to promote the development of prodrugs that positively impact human health and wellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee D, Hong S, Jung K, Choi S, Kang KS. Suppressive Effects of Flavonoids on Macrophage-Associated Adipocyte Inflammation in a Differentiated Murine Preadipocyte 3T3-L1 Cells Co-Cultured with a Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3552. [PMID: 36559664 PMCID: PMC9783032 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The suppressive effects of flavonoids on macrophage-associated adipocyte inflammation in a differentiated murine preadipocyte cell line (3T3-L1) co-cultured with a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) were evaluated. Extracellular lipid accumulation was investigated via Oil Red O staining. The expression levels of adipogenesis- and inflammation-associated proteins, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C/EBPβ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were determined via Western blotting. Proinflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We found that silybin, formononetin, and diosmetin inhibited lipid accumulation and production of proinflammatory cytokines in the co-cultures of 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, they inhibited the protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, COX-2, C/EBPβ, and iNOS in the co-cultures of 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells. These data support that silybin, formononetin, and diosmetin inhibit macrophage-associated adipocyte inflammation and lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Sungnam 13844, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Sungnam 13844, Republic of Korea
- Oncobix Co., Ltd., Yongin-si 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoul Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kotzé-Hörstmann LM, Bedada DT, Johnson R, Mabasa L, Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The effects of a green Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) extract on metabolic parameters and adipose tissue biology in rats fed different obesogenic diets. Food Funct 2022; 13:12648-12663. [PMID: 36441182 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current pharmaceutical treatments addressing obesity are plagued by high costs, low efficacy and adverse side effects. Natural extracts are popular alternatives, but evidence for their anti-obesity properties is scant. We assessed the efficacy of a green (minimally-oxidized) Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRT) to ameliorate the effects of obesogenic feeding in rats, by examining body weight, metabolic measures, adipose tissue cellularity and tissue-resident adipose stem cells (ASCs). Furthermore, we performed statistical correlations to explore the relationships and interactions between metabolic and adipose tissue measures. Using an in vivo/ex vivo study design, male Wistar rats were maintained for 17 weeks on one of 3 diets: CON (laboratory chow), OB1 (high-sugar, medium fat) or OB2 (high-fat, high-cholesterol) (n = 24 each). From weeks 11-17, half of the animals in each group received oral GRT supplementation (60 mg per kg body weight daily). Blood and tissue samples were collected, and ASCs from each animal were cultured. Diets OB1 and OB2 induced divergent metabolic profiles compared to CON, but metabolic measures within dietary groups were mostly unaffected by GRT supplementation. Notably, diets OB1 and OB2 uncoupled the positive association between visceral adiposity and insulin resistance, while GRT uncoupled the positive association between elevated serum cholesterol and liver damage. Obesogenic feeding and GRT supplementation induced adipocyte enlargement in vivo, but lipid accumulation in cultured ASCs did not differ between dietary groups. Larger adipocyte size in subcutaneous fat was associated with favourable glucose metabolism measures in all GRT groups. In conclusion, GRT affected the associations between systemic, adipose tissue-level and cellular measures against the background of obesogenic diet-induced metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - D T Bedada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - R Johnson
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - L Mabasa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Q, Liao S, Pang D, Li E, Liu T, Liu F, Zou Y. The transported active mulberry leaf phenolics inhibited adipogenesis through PPAR-γ and Leptin signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14270. [PMID: 35702955 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effective components of mulberry leaf polyphenols (MLPs) should be absorbed and transported by the intestinal cells before regulating lipid metabolism. The Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were coupled to screen the effective components of MLPs that are being absorbed and transported by intestinal cells. The regulation and molecular mechanism by which the effective components affect adipogenesis were analyzed in this study. Among the 12 main components identified, five main compounds were well absorbed with Papp in the order of benzoic acid > chlorogenic acid > astragaloside > hyperoside > rutin. Chlorogenic acid and benzoic acid were mainly absorbed through passive diffusion, while rutin, astragaloside, and hyperoside were mainly by active transport, of which chlorogenic and rutin absorption were mediated by the efflux protein, P-glycoprotein (P-pg). Based on the transport volume of 2 mg/ml MLPs within 2 h, 25% of the maximum transported MLPs (TMLPs) was a safe concentration for 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. Except for astragaloside, the other four components showed a significant inhibitory effect on lipid droplets, TG and TC, and chlorogenic acid and benzoic acid had the strongest effect. Additionally, we observed a synergistic effect as TMLPs were the most effective. We hypothesized that TMLPs, chlorogenic acid and benzoic acid suppressed adipogenesis and regulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and FAS mRNA while promoting ADIPO and Leptin mRNA expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The absorption and adipogenesis inhibition effect of mulberry leaf phenolics were evaluated in this study. The results provided guideline for the development of functional foods in regulating lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daorui Pang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erna Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxian Liu
- Guangxi Rongshui Furongbei Jiangyuan Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Liuzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lamichhane G, Pandeya PR, Lamichhane R, Rhee SJ, Devkota HP, Jung HJ. Anti-Obesity Potential of Ponciri Fructus: Effects of Extracts, Fractions and Compounds on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030676. [PMID: 35163941 PMCID: PMC8839251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ponciri Fructus, a crude drug consisting of the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf., is a popular folk medicine used for the treatment of allergy and gastrointestinal disorders in Korea and China. In this study, the anti-adipogenic activity of extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. METHODS Dried immature fruits were extracted and fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol and water-soluble fractions. The ethanol extract and fractions were tested for anti-adipogenic activity in the 3T3-L1 cell line. The active fractions (n-hexane and EtOAc fractions) were further subjected to chromatographic techniques to isolate and identify active compounds. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-adipogenic activity. RESULTS Altogether, seven compounds, including two flavonoids, one phytosteroid and four coumarin derivatives, were isolated. Ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, EtOAc fraction and three isolated compounds (phellopterin, oxypeucedanin and poncirin) showed significant anti-adipogenic activity as observed by reduced lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Further, oxypeucedanin downregulated the key adipogenic markers, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors proteins γ (PPAR-γ), sterol response element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-α (C/EBP-α), adipocyte-specific lipid binding proteins (FABP-4), adipocyte fatty acid binding proteins (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and leptin. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the ethanol extract, hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of P. trifoliata fruits possess strong anti-adipogenic activity, containing the active compounds such as phellopterin, oxypeucedanin and poncirin. Further research is recommended to explore their efficacy and safety in animal and clinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (G.L.); (P.R.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Prakash Raj Pandeya
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (G.L.); (P.R.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Ramakanta Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (G.L.); (P.R.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Su-jin Rhee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea; (G.L.); (P.R.P.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6814
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vaccinium virgatum Aiton Leaves Extract Suppressed Lipid Accumulation and Uric Acid Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122638. [PMID: 34961109 PMCID: PMC8705443 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; Kinisato 35 Gou) leaves have recently attracted increasing attention as a useful material for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Here, we examined the effects of the hot water extract of blueberry leaves (BLEx) on lipogenesis and uric acid production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that BLEx suppressed lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of differentiation markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A fractionation study showed that the highly polymerized proanthocyanidin-rich fraction was responsible for this effect. Upon maturation to adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells produced uric acid and tumor necrosis factor-α, and hypoxia stimulated the production of uric acid and xanthine oxidoreductase activity. BLEx suppressed the production of uric acid under these conditions. Although BLEx inhibited the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase, this activity was observed in several fractions containing catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and low molecular weight proanthocyanidins. Taken together, these results indicate that BLEx contains various compounds with the ability to suppress lipid accumulation and uric acid production in adipocytes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Cao Z, Guo S, Gu D, Wang S, Yang Y, He F. An approach based on consecutive high-speed counter-current chromatography for preparation of an active compound rutin from Apocynum venetum L. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1948426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoquan Li
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zengyuan Cao
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guan R, Van Le Q, Yang H, Zhang D, Gu H, Yang Y, Sonne C, Lam SS, Zhong J, Jianguang Z, Liu R, Peng W. A review of dietary phytochemicals and their relation to oxidative stress and human diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129499. [PMID: 33445014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals refer to active substances in plant-based diets. Phytochemicals found in for example fruits, vegetables, grains and seed oils are considered relatively safe for consumption due to mammal-plant co-evolution and adaptation. A number of human diseases are related to oxidative stress caused by for example chemical environmental contaminants in air, water and food; while also lifestyle including smoking and lack of exercise and dietary preferences are important factors for disease development in humans. Here we explore the dietary sources of antioxidant phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on oxidative stress, cardiovascular and neurological diseases as well as cancer. Plant-based diets usually contain phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids, which have strong antioxidant properties, and therefore remove the excess of active oxygen in the body, and protect cells from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, obesity is related to diet and inactivity and plant-based diets change lipid composition and metabolism, which reduce obesity related hazards. Cruciferous and Allium vegetables are rich in organic sulphides that can act on the metabolism of carcinogens and therefore used as anti-cancer and suppressing agents while dietary fibres and plant sterols may improve intestinal health and prevent intestinal diseases. Thus, we recommend a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains as its content of phytochemicals may have the potential to prevent or improve a broad sweep of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Guan
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhu Jianguang
- Pharmacy College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guru A, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Saraswathi NT, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Molecular mechanism of down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells by bioactive anti-adipogenic compounds. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:743-761. [PMID: 33275195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Joo YH, Chung N, Lee YK. Anti-obesity effect of fresh and browned Magnolia denudata flowers in a high fat diet murine model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
16
|
Hwang SB, Lee BH. Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Nelumbinis Semen Powder in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3576. [PMID: 33266423 PMCID: PMC7700195 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbinis Semen (NS, the seeds of Nelumbo nucifera) extract is a traditional Korean medicine with anti-oxidant activity. The present study examined the anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects of NS powder in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mice (n = 8/group) were fed a normal diet (CON), HFD, HFD containing 5% NS powder (HFD-NS5%), or HFD containing 10% NS powder (HFD-NS10%) for 12 weeks. Food intake was relatively higher in groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10%, while the food efficiency ratio was highest in group HFD (p < 0.05). HFD-NS5% reduced the body weight (-39.1%) and fat weight (-26.6%), including epididymal fat and perirenal fat, and lowered the serum triglyceride levels (-20.6%) compared with HFD. Groups HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% showed hepatoprotective properties, reducing the serum ALT levels (p < 0.05) and fat globules (size and number) in the liver compared with group HFD. HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% regulated the blood glucose, improved the glucose intolerance, and showed a 12.5% and 15.0% reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and a 26.8% and 47.3% improvement in homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), respectively, compared with HFD (p < 0.05). Regarding the expressions of genes related to anti-obesity and antidiabetes, there was a 1.7- and 1.3-fold increase in PPAR-α protein expression, 1.4- and 1.6-fold increase in PPAR-γ protein expression, and 0.7- and 0.6-fold decrease in TNF-α protein expression, respectively, following HFD-NS5% and HFD-NS10% treatments, compared with HFD, and GLUT4 protein expression increased relative to CON (p < 0.05). These results comprehensively provide the fundamental data for NS powder's functional and health-promoting benefits associated with anti-obesity and antidiabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hashizume Y, Tandia M. The reduction impact of monoglucosyl rutin on abdominal visceral fat: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3577-3589. [PMID: 32935866 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble α-glycosylated rutin (4G-α-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, monoglucosyl rutin, MR) was used in this study to evaluate its ability to reduce abdominal visceral fat (AVF). We conducted a study examining 66 healthy Japanese men and women with a body mass index of ≥23 and <30 kg/m2 for 8 weeks. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups via computer random numbers as follows: MR200 group (MR 200 mg/day), MR400 group (MR 400mg/day), or placebo group. The primary outcome was change in the AVF area after 8 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcomes were effects of MR on total fat and subcutaneous fat of umbilical area, lipid-related markers, and subjective symptoms. The per-protocol set analysis involved 18 subjects in the placebo group (7 males and 11 females), 20 subjects in the MR200 group (8 males and 12 females), and 20 subjects in the MR400 group (8 males and 12 females). AVF area in both the MR200 and MR400 groups was reduced at week 8, with changes from the baseline (week 0) significantly higher than the placebo group. Additionally, the MR400 group reported improved subjective symptoms concerning being "worried about abdominal fat" at week 4 compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that the consumption of MR (200 and 400 mg/day) for 8 weeks reduced AVF. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Monoglucosyl rutin, an enzymatically modified form of rutin, is a highly stable and water-soluble flavonoid widely used in food and beverages to prevent oxidation. The present clinical study demonstrated that it may improve overall health by reducing abdominal visceral fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Hashizume
- Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd, Yoto Bldg., 18-20, Nihombashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0016, Japan
| | - Mahamadou Tandia
- Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd, Yoto Bldg., 18-20, Nihombashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0016, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anthocyanin-Enriched Riceberry Rice Extract Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors and Their Targeting Genes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082480. [PMID: 32824545 PMCID: PMC7469062 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a new pigmented variety of rice from Thailand. Despite its high anthocyanin content, its effect on adipogenesis and adipocyte function remains unexplored. We investigated whether Riceberry rice extract (RBE) impacted cell proliferation by examining viability and cell cycle, using preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. To test RBE's effect on adipocyte formation, cells were cultured in adipogenic medium supplemented with extract and adipocyte number and triglyceride levels were quantified. Furthermore, Akt1 phosphorylation along with RT-qPCR and intracellular calcium imaging were performed to obtain an insight into its mechanism of action. The effect of RBE on adipocyte function was investigated using glucose uptake and lipolysis assays. Treatment of cells with RBE decreased preadipocyte number without cytotoxicity despite inducing cell cycle arrest (p < 0.05). During adipogenic differentiation, RBE supplementation reduced adipocyte number and triglyceride accumulation by downregulating transcription factors (e.g., PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ) and their target genes (p < 0.05). The Akt1 phosphorylation was decreased by RBE but insignificance, however, the extract failed to increase intracellular calcium signals. Finally, the treatment of adipocytes with RBE reduced glucose uptake by downregulating Glut4 mRNA expression and enhanced isoproterenol-induced lipolysis (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that RBE could potentially be used in the treatment of obesity by inhibiting adipocyte formation and proliferation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zakłos-Szyda M, Pietrzyk N, Szustak M, Podsędek A. Viburnum opulus L. Juice Phenolics Inhibit Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells Adipogenesis and Pancreatic Lipase Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072003. [PMID: 32640537 PMCID: PMC7400830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viburnum opulus L. fruit is a rich source of phenolic compounds that may be involved in the prevention of metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Viburnum opulus fresh juice (FJ) and juice purified by solid-phase extraction (PJ) on the adipogenesis process with murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and pancreatic lipase activity in triolein emulsion, as well as their phenolic profiles by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Decrease of lipids and triacylglycerol accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were in concordance with downregulation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPβ/α), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). Furthermore, regulation of PPARγ-mediated β-lactamase expression by V. opulus components in reporter gene assay, as well as their binding affinity to ligand-binding domain of PPARγ, were tested. In addition, the levels of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, like fatty acid synthase (FAS) or acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were decreased, along with inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leptin. Moreover, FJ and PJ were able to inhibit pancreatic lipase, which potentially could reduce the fat absorption from the intestinal lumen and the storage of body fat in the adipose tissues. Thirty-two phenolic compounds with chlorogenic acid as the dominant compound were identified in PJ which revealed significant biological activity. These data contribute to elucidate V. opulus juice phenolic compounds’ molecular mechanism in adipogenesis regulation in 3T3-L1 cells and dietary fat lipolysis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chattopadhyay D, Thirumurugan K. Longevity-promoting efficacies of rutin in high fat diet fed Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2020; 21:653-668. [PMID: 32430858 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Composition of diet significantly impacts lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Diet-composition becomes even more crucial while assessing a phytocompound for probable pro-longevity effects in flies. Rutin is a flavonol glycoside present in apple, buckwheat, black tea and green tea. Our previous study had reported hormetic efficacy of rutin to improve longevity and other physiological parameters in Drosophila melanogaster fed with standard diet. This study aimed to understand whether rutin could exhibit similar longevity promoting effects in flies fed with a high fat diet (HFD). In this study, wild type Canton-S males and females were reared on high fat diet (HFD) treated with or without rutin at different doses (100-800 µM) and assessed for survival, food intake, fecundity, locomotion, development, resistance to various forms of stresses and relative mRNA expression of specific genes associated with ageing, namely dFoxO, MnSod, Cat, dTsc1, dTsc2, Thor, dAtg1, dAtg5, dAtg7 and dTor. Rutin at only 400 µM significantly improved survival in males fed with HFD; while at 200 µM and 400 µM it significantly improved survival in females. Doses beyond 400 µM proved detrimental for both sexes. Rutin at 200 µM and 400 µM significantly reduced average food intake in both males and females fed with HFD. A significant reduction in number of eggs laid per female per day was observed in females treated with rutin at 400 µM. Rutin at 200 µM and 400 µM significantly improved climbing efficiency in males and females. A significant reduction in eclosion time was observed in larvae fed with HFD and treated with rutin at 400 µM. Rutin at 400 µM significantly improved resistance of males and females to different stresses namely heat shock, cold shock and starvation stresses. Interestingly, rutin at 400 µM significantly reduced survival of males and females exposed to oxidative stress. In males fed with HFD, rutin at 200 µM showed significantly increased relative expression of dFoxo, MnSod, Cat, dAtg1, dAtg5 and dAtg7; at 400 µM it significantly increased the relative expression of dFoxO, MnSod, Cat, dTsc1, dTsc2, Thor, dAtg1, dAtg5, dAtg7 while decreasing relative expression of dTor. Thus, data from this study collectively showed that rutin at 400 µM and to an extent 200 µM positively impacted lifespan and modulated other physiological parameters in males and females fed with HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, St Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- 206, Structural Biology Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rajan L, Palaniswamy D, Mohankumar SK. Targeting obesity with plant-derived pancreatic lipase inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104681. [PMID: 32045666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is alarmingly increasing in the last few decades and leading to many serious public health concerns worldwide. The dysregulated lipid homeostasis due to various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors is considered one of the critical putative pathways mediating obesity. Nonetheless, the scientific advancements unleashing the molecular dynamics of lipid metabolism have provided deeper insights on the emerging roles of lipid hydrolysing enzymes, including pancreatic lipase. It is hypothesized that inhibiting pancreatic lipase would prevent the breakdown of triglyceride and delays the absorption of fatty acids into the systemic circulation and adipocytes. Whilst, orlistat is the only conventional pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibitor available in clinics, identifying the safe clinical alternatives from plants to inhibit pancreatic lipase has been considered a significant advancement. Consequently, plants which have shown significant potential to combat obesity are now revisited for its abilities to inhibit pancreatic lipase. In this regard, our review surveyed the potential of medicinal plants and its phytoconstituents to inhibit pancreatic lipase and to elicit anti-obesity effects. Thus, the review collate and critically appraise the potential of medicinal plants and phyto-molecules inhibiting pancreatic lipase enzyme and consequently modulating triglyceride absorption in gut, and discuss its implications in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logesh Rajan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanabal Palaniswamy
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun Z, Lu X, Zhang W, Hou C, Xu J, Ren Q. Cloning and identification of rutin‐degrading enzyme genes from
Aspergillus niger
in wheat Qu. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Bin Sun
- Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xin Lu
- Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001 China
| | - Chang Hou
- Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jia‐Liang Xu
- Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qing Ren
- Beijing Advanced innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dinda B, Dinda M, Roy A, Dinda S. Dietary plant flavonoids in prevention of obesity and diabetes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:159-235. [PMID: 32085882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing chronic metabolic diseases worldwide from mainly lipid and glucose metabolic dysfunctions and their incidence is increasing at an alarming high rate. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation in WAT and liver and is the central player of insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues from chronic inflammation, lipotoxicity and gut dysbiosis, and plays a key role for development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus, known as diabetes, is chiefly characterized by hyperglycaemia from impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Several identified mutant genes in insulin secretion and resistance and various environmental factors are considered responsible for the onset of this disease. Currently available oral synthetic drugs, biguanides, incretin mimetic, GLP-1R and PPAR agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors for management of obesity and diabetes have several adverse effects in patients on long-term use. Emerging evidence supports the efficacy of dietary plant flavonoids in prevention and attenuation of obesity and diabetes by the protection and proliferation of pancreatic beta-cells and improvement of their insulin secretory function via activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway as well as in the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the peripheral metabolic tisssues for glucose uptake and utilization via inhibition of inflammation, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. These flavonoids improve GLUT-4 expression and translocation to plasma membrane by activation of insulin-sensitive PI3K/Akt signaling and insulin-independent AMPK, SIRT-1 and MOR activation pathways for regulation of glucose homeostasis, and improve fat oxidation and reduce lipid synthesis by regulation of related genes for lipid homeostasis in the body of obese diabetic animals. In this chapter, we have highlighted all these beneficial anti-obesity and antidiabetic potentials of some dietary plant flavonoids along with their molecular actions, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. In addition, the present understanding and management of obesity and diabetes are also focused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Arup Roy
- Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Milic P, Jeremic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Jeremic N, Bradic J, Nikolic Turnic T, Milosavljevic I, Bolevich S, Bolevich S, Labudovic Borovic M, Arsic A, Mitrovic M, Jakovljevic V, Vucic V. Effects of different dietary regimes alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract supplementation on lipid and fatty acids profiles in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:141-150. [PMID: 31359243 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated different dietary strategies, high-fat (HFd), or standard diet (Sd) alone or in combination with standardized Aronia melanocarpa extract (SAE), as a polyphenol-rich diet, and their effects on lipids and fatty acids (FA) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups: healthy and rats with MetS, and then depending on dietary patterns on six groups: healthy rats fed with Sd, healthy rats fed with Sd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with HFd, rats with MetS fed with HFd and SAE, rats with MetS fed with Sd, and rats with MetS fed with Sd and SAE. 4 weeks later, after an overnight fast (12-14 h), blood for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS), and FA was collected. Increased FA and lipid concentration found in MetS rats were reduced when changing dietary habits from HFd to Sd with or without SAE consumption. Consumption of SAE slightly affects the FA profiles, mostly palmitoleic acid in healthy rats and PUFA in MetS + HFd rats. Nevertheless, in a high-fat diet, SAE supplementation significantly decreases n-6/n-3 ratio, thereby decreasing systemic inflammation. Further researches are warranted to confirm these effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petar Milic
- High Medical School of Professional Studies in Cuprija, Lole Ribara 1/2, Cuprija, 35 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotic 8, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, Kragujevac, 34 000, Serbia. .,Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya street 8, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, Belgrade, 11 129, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Withaferin A inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-F442A cell line, improves insulin sensitivity and promotes weight loss in high fat diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218792. [PMID: 31226166 PMCID: PMC6588247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity and associated insulin resistance calls for effective therapeutic treatment of metabolic diseases. The current PPARγ-targeting antidiabetic drugs have undesirable side effects. The present study investigated the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of withaferin A (WFA) in diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice and also the anti-adipogenic effect of WFA in differentiating 3T3- F442A cells. DIO mice were treated with WFA (6 mg/kg) or rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, metabolic profile, liver function and inflammatory parameters were obtained. Expression of selective genes controlling insulin signaling, inflammation, adipogenesis, energy expenditure and PPARγ phosphorylation-regulated genes in epididymal fats were analyzed. Furthermore, the anti-adipogenic effect of WFA was evaluated in 3T3- F442A cell line. WFA treatment prevented weight gain without affecting food or caloric intake in DIO mice. WFA-treated group also exhibited lower epididymal and mesenteric fat pad mass, an improvement in lipid profile and hepatic steatosis and a reduction in serum inflammatory cytokines. Insulin resistance was reduced as shown by an improvement in glucose and insulin tolerance and serum adiponectin. WFA treatment upregulated selective insulin signaling (insr, irs1, slc2a4 and pi3k) and PPARγ phosphorylation-regulated (car3, selenbp1, aplp2, txnip, and adipoq) genes, downregulated inflammatory (tnf-α and il-6) genes and altered energy expenditure controlling (tph2 and adrb3) genes. In 3T3- F442A cell line, withaferin A inhibited adipogenesis as indicated by a decrease in lipid accumulation in differentiating adipocytes and protein expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. The effect of rosiglitazone on physiological and lipid profiles, insulin resistance, some genes expression and differentiating adipocytes were markedly different. Our data suggest that WFA is a promising therapeutic agent for both diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma Q, Cui Y, Xu S, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Piao G. Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Acacetin and 11 Other Flavonoids Isolated from Artemisia sacrorum on Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12931-12940. [PMID: 30381943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., a Compositae forage plant in China, has been found to have an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation. We selected 12 flavonoids, which we had isolated from A. sacrorum and had the potential to inhibit lipid accumulation in the literature or in our preliminary experiments, and grouped them into 11 compound combinations; we investigated their synergistic inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In screening experiments, Oil-Red O staining, triglyceride levels, and lipid accumulation levels all indicated that combined acacetin and apigenin displayed a significant synergistic inhibitory effect and the best repeatability. Subsequent research showed that this combination could synergistically promote the phosphorylations of AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, to a different extent, that combination had significant synergistic inhibitory effects on various genes or proteins related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Thus, that combination could significantly reduce triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation compared with acacetin or apigenin acting alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| | - Yiyao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| | - Haidan Yuan
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules , Ministry of Education, Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| | - Guangchun Piao
- College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules , Ministry of Education, Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin 133002 , China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Park CH, Park SY, Lee SY, Kim JK, Park SU. Analysis of Metabolites in White Flowers of Magnolia Denudata Desr. and Violet Flowers of Magnolia Liliiflora Desr. Molecules 2018; 23:E1558. [PMID: 29954130 PMCID: PMC6100211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of seven phenolics and 44 metabolites was profiled in white flowers of Magnolia denudata and violet flowers of Magnolia liliiflora using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Seven phenylpropanoid compounds were identified in white flowers by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). An HPLC analysis showed that phenylpropanoid accumulation in violet flowers was 1.48 times higher than that in white flowers. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were determined to investigate the antioxidant properties of secondary metabolites in different flowers. Violet flowers showed higher SOD-like and DPPH activity than white flowers. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity measured using a nitric oxide assay was higher in violet flowers than in white flowers. Our results provide valuable information on the relationship between primary and secondary metabolites, and synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties derived from phenolic compounds in different colored flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li L, Lietz G, Seal C. Buckwheat and CVD Risk Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E619. [PMID: 29762481 PMCID: PMC5986499 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of buckwheat intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively summarize studies in humans and animals, evaluating the impact of buckwheat consumption on CVD risk markers and to conduct a meta-analysis of relevant data. Thirteen randomized, controlled human studies, two cross-sectional human studies and twenty-one animal studies were identified. Using random-effects models, the weighted mean difference of post-intervention concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased following buckwheat intervention compared with controls [differences in blood glucose: -0.85 mmol/L (95% CI: -1.31, -0.39), total cholesterol: 0.50 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.80, -0.20) and triglycerides: 0.25 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.49, -0.02)]. Responses of a similar magnitude were seen in two cross-sectional studies. For animal studies, nineteen of twenty-one studies showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol of between 12% and 54%, and fourteen of twenty studies showed a significant reduction in triglycerides of between 2% and 74%. All exhibited high unexplained heterogeneity. There was inconsistency in HDL cholesterol outcomes in both human and animal studies. It remains unclear whether increased buckwheat intake significantly benefits other markers of CVD risk, such as weight, blood pressure, insulin, and LDL-cholesterol, and underlying mechanisms responsible for any effects are unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangkui Li
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Propose Obesity is a fast growing epidemic worldwide. During obesity, the increase in adipose tissue mass arise from two different mechanisms, namely, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Hyperplasia which is the increase in adipocyte number is characteristic of severe obese patients. Recently, there has been much interest in targeting adipogenesis as therapeutic strategy against obesity. Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Methods Presently, we provide a review of key studies evaluating the effects of dietary flavonoids in different stages of adipocyte development with a particular emphasis on the investigations that explore the underlying mechanisms of action of these compounds in human or animal cell lines as well as animal models. Results Flavonoids have been shown to regulate several pathways and affect a number of molecular targets during specific stages of adipocyte development. Although most of the studies reveal anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids, some flavonoids demonstrated proadipogenic effect in mesenchymal stem cells or preadipocytes. Conclusion The anti-adipogenic effect of flavonoids is mainly via their effect on regulation of several pathways such as induction of apoptosis, suppression of key adipogenic transcription factors, activation of AMPK and Wnt pathways, inhibition of clonal expansion, and cell-cycle arrest.
Collapse
|
30
|
Balan D, Chan KL, Murugan D, AbuBakar S, Wong PF. Antiadipogenic effects of a standardized quassinoids-enriched fraction and eurycomanone fromEurycoma longifolia. Phytother Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Balan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Science Malaysia; 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - D. Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Beneficial Effects of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 Pigments and Derivatives: A Mini Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010098. [PMID: 29301350 PMCID: PMC6017178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of Monascus pigments and related byproducts, via microbial fermentation, has been broadly utilized as coloring by traditional food industries and as a natural textile dye. In addition to these traditional purposes, Monascus pigments have been recently favored for a variety of commercial and academic purposes. Pigments and derivatives formed during Monascus fermentation have pharmaceutical and clinical properties that can counteract common diseases, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cancer. Various research attempts have investigated the optimum conditions for this derived compound synthesis, as well as the still-unknown bio-functional effects. Recently, several studies were conducted using Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 and its derivatives. These experimental outcomes potentially reflect the bio-functional features of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093. However, no publication to date provides an overview of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093's unique metabolite products, functionalities, or biological pathways. In order to develop profitable commercial applications of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093, it is necessary not only to conduct continuous research, but also to systematically organize previous Monascus studies. The goals of this review are to investigate the current derivatives of Monascus sp. KCCM 10093 pigments-some of which have demonstrated newly-identified functionality-and the relevant uses of these molecules for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical purposes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Z, Jiang X. Flavonoid-rich extract of Polygonum capitatum attenuates high-fat diet–induced atherosclerosis development and inflammatory and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemia rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218772710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the effects of flavonoids ingredient from Polygonum capitatum (FPC) on blood lipid levels, vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet (HFD) rats, as well as their mechanism of action. Rats fed with HFD for 6 weeks obviously displayed hyperlipidemia ( P < 0.01). Treatment with FPC at 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight significantly increased serum apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and decreased serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of hyperlipidemia rats. FPC also improved the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Meanwhile, the result of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) manifested that FPC upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPARα) and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1C) in the hepatic. These results demonstrated that FPC exerted anti-atherosclerosis effect in hyperlipidemia rats by regulating blood lipid metabolism, improving antioxidant ability, and modulating a proinflammatory profile and the expression levels of genes referred to lipogenesis and lipid oxidation, which might be attributed to flavonoid ingredients such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin, and quercitrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang JH, Choi MH, Yang SH, Cho SS, Park SJ, Shin HJ, Ki SH. Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Antiadipogenic Properties of Bamboo (Sasa coreana Nakai) Leaves Extract and Its Major Constituent Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6665-6673. [PMID: 28726396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory response and recruitment of macrophages into adipose tissue contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Here, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antiadipogenic effects of the methanol (MeOH) extract and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of bamboo leaf and its molecular mechanism in RAW264.7 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. Functional macrophage migration assays also were performed. Surprisingly, the EtOAc fraction of MeOH extracts from native Korean plant species Sasa coreana Nakai (SCN) has shown potent anti-inflammatory properties; SCN pretreatment inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production (p < 0.01) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Inflammatory genes induced by LPS, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly attenuated by SCN (p < 0.01). Pretreatment with SCN antagonized NF-κB nuclear translocation and the simultaneous degradation of inhibitory κB protein. Furthermore, SCN selectively inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK (p < 0.01) and p38 (p < 0.05) but not ERK (p > 0.05). Similar to leaf extracts of other bamboo species, we identified that SCN contained several flavonoids including orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin; these compounds inhibited LPS-induced NO production (p < 0.05) and iNOS expression. In addition, SCN inhibited adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by Oil Red O staining and the protein expression of mature adipogenic marker genes. Treatment with the major flavonoids of SCN also inhibited adipogenesis. Furthermore, conditioned medium obtained from adipocytes stimulated macrophage chemotaxis, whereas medium from adipocytes treated with SCN significantly inhibited macrophage migration. Therefore, SCN is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwa Yang
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy and ‡Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University , Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jambocus NGS, Ismail A, Khatib A, Mahomoodally F, Saari N, Mumtaz MW, Hamid AA. Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract prevent weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high fat diet. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1338919. [PMID: 28814950 PMCID: PMC5553101 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1338919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Morinda citrifolia L. is widely used as a folk medicinal food plant to manage a panoply of diseases, though no concrete reports on its potential anti-obesity activity. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of M. citrifolia leaf extracts (MLE60) in the prevention of weight gain in vivo and establish its phytochemical profile. Design: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups based on a normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD), with or without MLE60 supplementation (150 and 350 mg/kg body weight) and assessed for any reduction in weight gain. Plasma leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and ghrelin of all groups were determined. 1H NMR and LCMS methods were employed for phytochemical profiling of MLE60. Results: The supplementation of MLE60 did not affect food intake indicating that appetite suppression might not be the main anti-obesity mechanism involved. In the treated groups, MLE60 prevented weight gain, most likely through an inhibition of pancreatic and lipoprotein activity with a positive influence on the lipid profiles and a reduction in LDL levels . MLE60 also attenuated visceral fat deposition in treated subjects with improvement in the plasma levels of obesity-linked factors . 1Spectral analysis showed the presence of several bioactive compounds with rutin being more predominant. Conclusion: MLE60 shows promise as an anti-obesity agents and warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Halal Product Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The Inhibitory Effect of Tartary Buckwheat Extracts on Adipogenesis and Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071160. [PMID: 28704952 PMCID: PMC6152060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) has been established globally as a nutritionally important food item, particularly owing to high levels of bioactive compounds such as rutin. This study investigated the effect of tartary buckwheat extracts (TBEs) on adipogenesis and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 cells. TBEs inhibited lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. The mRNA levels of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1), were suppressed by TBEs. They also reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, TBEs were decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. These results suggest that TBEs may inhibit adipogenesis and inflammatory response; therefore, they seem to be beneficial as a food ingredient to prevent obesity-associated inflammation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Jia M, Ren D, Nie Y, Yang X. Beneficial effects of apple peel polyphenols on vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in high choline-fed mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:1282-1292. [PMID: 28239698 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the preventive effects of Red Fuji apple peel polyphenolic extract (APP) on vascular endothelial dysfunction and liver injury in mice fed a high choline diet. The mice were fed 3% dietary choline in drinking water for 8 weeks and displayed vascular dysfunction and liver damage (p < 0.01). The administration of APP at 600 and 900 mg per kg bw significantly elevated serum NO, HDL and 6-Keto-PGF1a levels and lowered serum TC, TG, LDL, ET-1 and TXB2 levels in the HC-fed mice. Besides, APP also caused the reduction of AST, ALT activities and MDA, CRP, TNF-α levels, and increased the hepatic GSH-Px and SOD activities of the HC-fed mice. Furthermore, the histopathology of the liver by conventional H&E and oil red O staining confirmed the liver steatosis induced by a choline diet and the hepatoprotective effect of APP. The experiment results indicated that the polyphenolic extract from apple peel might be regarded as a preventive and therapeutic product for the amelioration of HC diet-induced vascular dysfunction and hepatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Jia
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yan Nie
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mansour SZ, El-Marakby SM, Moawed FS. Ameliorative effects of rutin on hepatic encephalopathy-induced by thioacetamide or gamma irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
38
|
Muller CJF, Malherbe CJ, Chellan N, Yagasaki K, Miura Y, Joubert E. Potential of rooibos, its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, and Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in prevention of metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:227-246. [PMID: 27305453 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1157568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christo J F Muller
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- a Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan.,d Center for Bioscience Research and Education , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya , Tochigi , Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- c Division of Applied Biological Chemistry , Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- b Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division , Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij , Stellenbosch , South Africa.,e Department of Food Science , Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland Stellenbosch , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Effects of pressed degreased walnut meal extracts on lipid metabolism in postnatally monosodium glutamate-induced mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
40
|
Ma Y, Yang L, Ma J, Lu L, Wang X, Ren J, Yang J. Rutin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via regulating autophagy and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1904-1911. [PMID: 28069395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin as anticancer agent can cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and heart failure in the long term. Rutin as a polyphenolic flavonoid has been illustrated to protect hearts from diverse cardiovascular diseases. Its function is known to be related to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity which may regulate multiple cellular signal pathways. However, the role of rutin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has yet to be discovered. In this study, we explored the protective role of rutin on doxorubicin-induced heart failure and elucidated the potential mechanisms of protective effects of rutin against cardiomyocyte death. We analyzed cardiac tissues at the time point of 8weeks after doxorubicin treatment. The results by echocardiography, TUNEL staining, Masson's trichrome staining as well as Western blot analysis revealed that doxorubicin induced remarkable cardiac dysfunction and cardiotoxicity in mice hearts and cardiomyocytes, which were alleviated by rutin treatment. Western blot analysis indicated that the underlying mechanisms included inhibition excessive autophagy and apoptosis mediated by Akt activation. Collectively, our findings suggest that suppression of autophagy and apoptosis by administration of rutin could attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, which enhances our knowledge to explore new drugs and strategies for combating this devastating side effect induced by doxorubicin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Song F, Tang M, Wu Q, Shen X, Wang H, Chen H, Zhao S. Anti-adipogenic Effects of Polyphenol Extracts of Areca Flower Tea on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - MinMin Tang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - QiuSheng Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University
| | - XiaoJun Shen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hui Wang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hua Chen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| | - SongLin Zhao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ciccone V, Monti M, Antonini G, Mattoli L, Burico M, Marini F, Maidecchi A, Morbidelli L. Efficacy of AdipoDren® in Reducing Interleukin-1-Induced Lymphatic Endothelial Hyperpermeability. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:255-268. [PMID: 27923233 DOI: 10.1159/000452798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic leakage can be seen as a detrimental phenomenon associated with fluid retention and deposition as well as gain of weight. Moreover, lymphatic dysfunction is associated with an inflammatory environment and can be a substrate for other health conditions. A number of treatments can ameliorate lymphatic vasculature: natural substances have been used as treatment options particularly suitable for their consolidated effectiveness and safety profile. Here we report the protective effect of AdipoDren®, an association of a series of plant-derived natural complexes, on lymphatic endothelium permeability promoted by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the associated molecular mechanisms. AdipoDren® demonstrated a protective effect on dermal lymphatic endothelial cell permeability increased by IL-1β. Reduced permeability was due to the maintenance of tight junctions and cell-cell localisation of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Moreover, AdipoDren® reduced the expression of the inflammatory key element cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), while not altering the levels of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS). The upregulation of antioxidant enzymatic systems (catalase and superoxide dismutase-1, SOD-1) and the downregulation of pro-oxidant markers (p22 phox subunit of NADPH oxidase) were also evident. In conclusion, AdipoDren® would be useful to ameliorate conditions of altered lymphatic vasculature and to support the physiological functionality of the lymphatic endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Al-Roujeaie AS, Abuohashish HM, Ahmed MM, Alkhamees OA. Effect of rutin on diabetic-induced erectile dysfunction: Possible involvement of testicular biomarkers in male rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Al-Roujeaie
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - H. M. Abuohashish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences; College of Dentistry; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - O. A. Alkhamees
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine; Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effectiveness of rutin-rich Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) ‘Manten-Kirari’ in body weight reduction related to its antioxidant properties: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
45
|
Al Shukor N, Ravallec R, Van Camp J, Raes K, Smagghe G. Flavonoids stimulate cholecystokinin peptide secretion from the enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 113:128-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Hu Y, Zhao Y, Yuan L, Yang X. Protective effects of tartary buckwheat flavonoids on high TMAO diet-induced vascular dysfunction and liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:3359-72. [PMID: 26267818 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the liver and vascular changes in high trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) diet-fed mice, and the possible vasoprotective and hepatoprotective effects of purified tartary buckwheat flavonoid fraction (TBF). HPLC analysis revealed that the content of rutin and quercetin presented in TBF was 53.6% and 37.2%, respectively, accounting for 90.8% of TBF. Mice fed 1.5% TMAO in drinking water for 8 weeks significantly displayed vascular dysfunction and liver damage (p < 0.01). The administration of TBF at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw significantly elevated plasma NO and eNOS concentrations, and serum HDL-C and PGI2 levels, and lowered serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ET-1 and TX-A2 levels of TMAO-fed mice. TBF also reduced serum AST and ALT activities, and hepatic NEFA and MDA levels, and increased the hepatic GSH-Px and SOD activities in TMAO-fed mice, which were consistent with the observations of the histological alterations of the liver. This report firstly showed that dietary TMAO might cause liver damage and TBF prevented TMAO-induced vascular dysfunction and hepatic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Han YH, Kee JY, Park J, Kim DS, Shin S, Youn DH, Kang J, Jung Y, Lee YM, Park JH, Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH. Lipin1-Mediated Repression of Adipogenesis by Rutin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:565-78. [PMID: 27109161 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, also called rutoside or quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is a glycoside between the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Although many effects of rutin have been reported in vitro and in vivo, the anti-adipogenic effects of rutin have not been fully reported. The aim of this study was to confirm how rutin regulates adipocyte related factors. In this study, rutin decreased the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferators, activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text], CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein [Formula: see text] (C/EBP[Formula: see text], fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase in 3T3-L1 cells. Rutin also repressed the expression of lipin1, which is an upstream regulator that controls PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. In addition, when 3T3-L1 was transfected with lipin1 siRNA to block lipin1 function, rutin did not affect the expressions of PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. These results suggest that rutin has an anti-adipogenic effect that acts through the suppression of lipin1, as well as PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- † Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Park
- § Division of Biotechnology and Convergence, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- ¶ Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 38578, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ansar S, Hamed S, AlGhosoon HT, AlSaedan RA, Iqbal M. The protective effect of rutin against renal toxicity induced by lead acetate. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2016.1155623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
49
|
Kawser Hossain M, Abdal Dayem A, Han J, Yin Y, Kim K, Kumar Saha S, Yang GM, Choi HY, Cho SG. Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Properties of Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:569. [PMID: 27092490 PMCID: PMC4849025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing health concerns worldwide and their incidence is increasing at a high rate, resulting in enormous social costs. Obesity is a complex disease commonly accompanied by insulin resistance and increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory marker expression, leading to augmented fat mass in the body. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells or diminished insulin secretion and action insulin. Obesity causes the development of metabolic disorders such as DM, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation-based pathologies. Flavonoids are the secondary metabolites of plants and have 15-carbon skeleton structures containing two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring. More than 5000 naturally occurring flavonoids have been reported from various plants and have been found to possess many beneficial effects with advantages over chemical treatments. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of natural flavonoids in treating obesity and DM, and show increased bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets. This review summarizes the current progress in our understanding of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potential of natural flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kawser Hossain
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihae Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yingfu Yin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
White PA, Araújo JM, Cercato LM, Souza LA, Barbosa APO, Quintans-Junior LJ, Machado UF, Camargo EA, Brito LC, Santos MRV. Chrysobalanus icaco L. Leaves Normalizes Insulin Sensitivity and Blood Glucose and Inhibits Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:155-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna A.S. White
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Luana M. Cercato
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Souza
- Núcleo de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ubiratan F. Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysic, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enilton A. Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Luciana C. Brito
- Núcleo de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|