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Lagoumintzis G, Patrinos GP. Triangulating nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics toward personalized nutrition and healthy living. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:109. [PMID: 38062537 PMCID: PMC10704648 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents and nutrients. This notion is the foundation of personalized nutrition. The field of nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding the impact of genetic variants on macronutrient and micronutrient levels and the individual's responsiveness to dietary intake. These variants hold significant value in facilitating the development of personalized nutritional interventions, thereby enabling the effective translation from conventional dietary guidelines to genome-guided nutrition. Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede the extensive implementation of individualized nutrition, which is still in its infancy, such as the polygenic nature of nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible to the collective influence of multiple genes and environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate to modest effect. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that diseases emerge because of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and external environmental influences. In the context of this specific paradigm, the utilization of advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, in conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, has the potential to unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements and interactions between genes and the environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the fundamentals of personalized nutrition, specifically emphasizing the complex triangulation interplay among microbiota, dietary metabolites, and genes. Furthermore, it highlights the intestinal microbiota's unique makeup, its influence on nutrigenomics, and the tailoring of dietary suggestions. Finally, this article provides an overview of genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing on investigating the potential applications of this knowledge in the context of tailored dietary plans that aim to improve human well-being and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lagoumintzis
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | - George P Patrinos
- Division of Pharmacology and Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Yang F, Chen C, Ni D, Yang Y, Tian J, Li Y, Chen S, Ye X, Wang L. Effects of Fermentation on Bioactivity and the Composition of Polyphenols Contained in Polyphenol-Rich Foods: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3315. [PMID: 37685247 PMCID: PMC10486714 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, as common components with various functional activities in plants, have become a research hotspot. However, researchers have found that the bioavailability and bioactivity of plant polyphenols is generally low because they are usually in the form of tannins, anthocyanins and glycosides. Polyphenol-rich fermented foods (PFFs) are reported to have better bioavailability and bioactivity than polyphenol-rich foods, because polyphenols are used as substrates during food fermentation and are hydrolyzed into smaller phenolic compounds (such as quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, ellagic acid, etc.) with higher bioactivity and bioavailability by polyphenol-associated enzymes (PAEs, e.g., tannases, esterases, phenolic acid decarboxylases and glycosidases). Biotransformation pathways of different polyphenols by PAEs secreted by different microorganisms are different. Meanwhile, polyphenols could also promote the growth of beneficial bacteria during the fermentation process while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, during the fermentation of PFFs, there must be an interactive relationship between polyphenols and microorganisms. The present study is an integration and analysis of the interaction mechanism between PFFs and microorganisms and is systematically elaborated. The present study will provide some new insights to explore the bioavailability and bioactivity of polyphenol-rich foods and greater exploitation of the availability of functional components (such as polyphenols) in plant-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
| | - Derang Ni
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Wang
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources Development, Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564501, China
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Anmyungambi Decoction Ameliorates Obesity through Activation of Non-Shivering Thermogenesis in Brown and White Adipose Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010049. [PMID: 36670911 PMCID: PMC9854861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a burden to global health. Non-shivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) is a novel strategy for obesity treatment. Anmyungambi (AMGB) decoction is a multi-herb decoction with clinical anti-obesity effects. Here, we show the effects of AMGB decoction using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL6/J mice. All four versions of AMGB decoction (100 mg/kg/day, oral gavage for 28 days) suppressed body weight gain and obesity-related blood parameters in the HFD-fed obese mice. They also inhibited adipogenesis and induced lipolysis in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Especially, the AMGB-4 with 2:1:3:3 composition was the most effective; thus, further studies were performed with the AMGB-4 decoction. The AMGB-4 decoction displayed a dose-dependent body weight gain suppression. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glucose decreased as well. In epididymal WAT, iWAT, and BAT, the AMGB-4 decoction increased lipolysis markers. Additionally, the AMGB-4 decoction-fed mice showed an increased non-shivering thermogenic program in BAT and iWAT. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed antioxidative factors induced by the HFD feeding were also altered to normal levels by the AMGB-4 decoction treatment. Overall, our study supports the clinical use of AMGB decoction for obesity treatment by studying its mechanisms. AMGB decoction alleviates obesity through the activation of the lipolysis-thermogenesis program and the elimination of pathological ROS in thermogenic adipose tissues.
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Evaluation of Fermented Extracts of Aloe vera Processing Byproducts as Potential Functional Ingredients. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe is widely used as a cosmetic and medicinal plant. Numerous studies have reported that aloe gel extract has antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, immunity, and skin antiaging properties. However, few studies have investigated the properties of fermentation products of aloe processing byproducts. Aloe stalks and leaves remain as byproducts after the aloe beverage manufacturing process. This study evaluated whether fermentation products of blender and press extracts of aloe processing byproducts (BF and PF, respectively) that remain after beverage manufacturing were useful as functional biomaterial by investigating their effects on adipocyte differentiation, hyaluronic acid (HA) production, tyrosinase activity, and antioxidant activity. Co-fermentation of G. xylinus and S. cerevisiae was conducted for fermentation of aloe processing byproducts. The BF and PF products did not induce observable cytotoxicity effects. However, BF and PF products did inhibit a 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation compared with control, with the BF product displaying greater inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation than the PF product. HA production increased in HaCaT cell cultures as the concentration of the MF product increased, as compared with the untreated control. The levels of tyrosinase inhibition, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity also depended on the MF product concentration. This study indicates that the fermented products of aloe processing byproducts have biological potential for applications in the manufacturing of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and beverages. These laboratory bench results provide the foundation for future studies of scaling and practical applications at the industrial level.
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Ma X, Bi Q, Kong Y, Xu H, Liang M, Mai K, Zhang Y. Dietary lipid levels affected antioxidative status, inflammation response, apoptosis and microbial community in the intestine of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111118. [PMID: 34793954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nine-week feeding trial was conducted to comprehensively investigate the effects of different levels of dietary lipid on intestinal physiology of juvenile turbot. Three diets with different lipid levels (8%, 12% and 16%) were formulated, which were designated as the low-lipid group (LL), medium-lipid group (ML) and high-lipid group (HL), respectively. Each diet was fed to six replicate tanks, and each tank was stocked with 35 fish. The results revealed that medium dietary lipid (12%) increased the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes and brush border enzymes. Excessive dietary lipid (16%) decreased the intestinal antioxidative enzyme levels and increased the lipid peroxidation pressure. In addition, HL stimulated the occurrence of intestinal inflammation and significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Dietary LL and HL induced the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Sequencing of bacterial 16 s rRNA V4 region indicated that the abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora in fish fed with medium lipid diet (12%) were significantly higher than those in other groups, indicating the intestinal microflora ecology in group ML was more balanced. MetaStat analysis indicated that both low- and high-lipid diets significantly reduced the relative abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, results of this study demonstrated the sensitivity of intestinal health and microbiota to dietary lipid levels. From the perspective of microecological balance, medium dietary lipid (12%) was more conducive to maintaining the intestinal microflora stability of turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingzhu Bi
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yaoyao Kong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106, Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Wang B, Wang L, Wang H, Dai H, Lu X, Lee YK, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Targeting the Gut Microbiota for Remediating Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. J Nutr 2021; 151:1703-1716. [PMID: 33982127 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of obesity is rapidly increasing and has become a health and economic burden worldwide. As recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is closely linked to obesity, researchers have used various approaches to modulate the gut microbiota to treat the condition. Dietary composition and energy intake strongly affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Intestinal microbial changes alter the composition of bile acids and fatty acids and regulate bacterial lipopolysaccharide production, all of which influence energy metabolism and immunity. Evidence also suggests that remodeling the gut microbiota through intake of probiotics, prebiotics, fermented foods, and dietary plants, as well as by fecal microbiota transplantation, are feasible methods to remediate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Haojue Wang
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xianyi Lu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Xishan People's Hospital, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease, is characterized by cartilage surface erosion, subchondral bone rebuilding, and formation of osteophytes. To date, the nosogenesis and underlying mechanisms of OA have not yet been elucidated. However, it is widely accepted that TNF-α is a crucial cytokine in the development of OA. Glycitin, a natural isoflavone extracted from legumes, affects physiological reactions and pathological responses. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effect of glycitin has been reported. However, the function of glycitin in cartilage degeneration in OA remains to be investigated. In the current study, primary murine chondrocytes were isolated and stimulated by TNF-α to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and protective function of glycitin in chondrocytes. In vivo, the ACLT mouse model, a frequently-used OA model, was used to further examine the therapeutic role of glycitin in cartilage degeneration and inflammation in OA. Consequently, glycitin functions were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of action of glycitin was investigated and was found to involve the NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, this study suggests that glycitin can be potentially used for the treatment of joint degenerative diseases, including OA.
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Islam A, Islam MS, Uddin MN, Hasan MMI, Akanda MR. The potential health benefits of the isoflavone glycoside genistin. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:395-408. [PMID: 32253713 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genistin is a type of isoflavone glycoside and has a broad range of health benefits. It is found in a variety of dietary plants, such as soybean, kudzu (Japanese arrowroot), and other plant-based products. Genistin has been described to have several beneficial health impacts, such as decreasing the risk of osteoporosis and post-menopausal symptoms, as well as anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial activities. It may also assist individuals with metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes some of the molecular impacts and prospective roles of genistin in maintaining and treatment of health disorders. The review could help to develop novel genistin medicine with significant health benefits for application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Md Sadikul Islam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mir Md Iqbal Hasan
- Department of Physiology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashedunnabi Akanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
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Doenjang, A Korean Traditional Fermented Soybean Paste, Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081702. [PMID: 31344808 PMCID: PMC6723205 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for neurodegeneration. Because fermentation of soybean increases contents of various bioactive compounds with anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities, we investigated the protective effect of doenjang, a Korean traditional fermented soybean paste, against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet, an HF diet, an HF-containing steamed soybean diet, or an HF-containing doenjang (DJ) diet for 11 weeks. Doenjang consumption alleviated hippocampal neuronal loss, which was increased by the HF diet. Accordingly, we observed higher cell proliferation and neurotrophic factor mRNA levels in the DJ group. Contents of oxidative metabolites and mRNA levels of oxidative stress- and neuroinflammation-related genes were lower in the DJ group compared to the HF group. Dietary doenjang reduced β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) levels by regulating gene expressions involved in Aβ production and degradation. Furthermore, doenjang consumption reduced tau hyperphosphorylation induced by HF feeding. Overall, doenjang was more effective than steamed soybean in suppressing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in mice fed an HF diet. These results suggest that bioactive compounds produced during the fermentation and aging of soybean may be involved in the enhanced neuroprotective effects of doenjang.
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Hsu CL, Hou YH, Wang CS, Lin SW, Jhou BY, Chen CC, Chen YL. Antiobesity and Uric Acid-Lowering Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:623-632. [PMID: 30794474 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1571454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity has become one of the world's biggest issues. This condition has a great impact on several metabolic and chronic diseases. For example, obesity is often accompanied by hyperuricemia or gout. However, few drugs are available for the treatment of obesity. The present study is to evaluate the antiobesity effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats and whether taking L plantarum GKM3 can effectively reduce uric acid accumulation caused by obesity and ameliorate other harmful factors. Method: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: ( 1 ) ND group, fed normal diet; ( 2 ) HFC group, fed AIN93G-based high-fat diet containing 65% solids, 7% soybean oil, and 25% lard; ( 3 ) HFL group, fed AIN93G-based high-fat diet supplemented with 102.7 mg/kg/d L plantarum GKM3; ( 4 ) HFM group, fed AIN93G-based high-fat diet supplemented with 205.4 mg/kg/d L plantarum GKM3; and ( 5 ) HFH group, fed AIN93G-based high-fat diet supplemented with 513.5 mg/kg/d L plantarum GKM3. After 6 weeks, the body, organ, and fat weights; food intake; blood serum levels; and adipocyte size were measured. Results: Results showed that rats fed on the high-fat diet showed more body weight, increased feed efficiency, higher fat deposition, higher total liver weight, elevated serum lipid levels, and increased adipocyte size compared with those on the normal diet. All these effects were reversed by supplementation of L plantarum GKM3. Conclusions: In conclusion, we suggest that the L plantarum GKM3 supplement may have beneficial antiobesity and uric acid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lin Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City , Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung City , Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Bo-Yi Jhou
- Grape King Bio Ltd , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Bio Ltd , Taoyuan City , Taiwan.,Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University , Taipei City , Taiwan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei City , Taiwan.,Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University , Taoyuan City , Taiwan
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Paray BA, Rather IA, Al-Sadoon MK, Fanar Hamad AS. Pharmaceutical significance of Leuconostoc mesenteroides KS-TN11 isolated from Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:509-514. [PMID: 29844722 PMCID: PMC5961753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic animals are known for their myriad of beneficial bacteria with diverse biologically active compounds. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize potentially beneficial lactic acid bacteria from Nile Tilapia and evaluate their pharmaceutical applications. The fish samples were dissected and stomach, intestine, and gills were collected and serially diluted for the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on BCP agar media. Identification of isolate was carried by biochemical and molecular characterization using API kit and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, respectively. Further, KS-TN11 was assessed for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential using the chromogenic method. A lactic acid bacterium KS-TN11 was isolated from the stomach of Nile Tilapia and identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Effect of KS-TN11 on lipid accumulation in adipocytes was done by using Oil Red O staining. The isolate showed strong antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria in vitro. In addition, L. mesenteroides KS-TN11 KS-TN11 (50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml) tends to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and thus may have possible anti-obesity effects. Moreover, L. mesenteroides KS-TN11 exhibited substantial α–glucosidase inhibitory activities by 41.33% at 50 mg/ml and 64% at 100 mg/ml, respectively. The bacterium showed potent antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacteria; in addition to alpha-glucosidase activity, and inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell line. These results reinforce KS-TN11 as a novel bacterium with an impending pharmaceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Rather
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Shammari Fanar Hamad
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea
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Xie CL, Kang SS, Cho KM, Park KH, Lee DH. Isoflavone-enriched soybean ( Glycine max) leaves prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity by enhancing fatty acid oxidation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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13
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Silva P, Ribeiro TA, Tófolo LP, Prates KV, Francisco FA, Silveira SDS, Malta A, Lopes DA, Miranda RA, Palma-Rigo K, Torrezan R, Mathias PCDF. Treatment with soy isoflavones during early adulthood improves metabolism in early postnatally overfed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 21:25-32. [PMID: 27462961 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1213007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidences of obesity and related diseases have reached epidemic proportions, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Soy isoflavones have been identified as an important dietary factor for preventing and treating metabolic dysfunction. This study examined the effects of high doses of isoflavone on glucose and fat metabolism in a model of programmed obesity and evaluated its effects on the autonomic nervous system. METHODS Litters of Wistar rats were standardized at nine pups per dam in normal litters (NL) or reduced to three pups per dam at the third day of life (P3) in small litters (SL) to induce postnatal overfeeding. Gavage with a soy bean isoflavone mixture (1 g/day) diluted in water was started at P60 and continued for 30 days. The control animals received vehicle gavage. At P90, biometric and metabolic parameters as well as direct autonomic nerve activity were measured. RESULTS Increases in glycaemia and insulinaemia observed in SL rats were reduced by isoflavone treatment, which also caused lower glucose-induced insulin secretion by pancreatic islets. Sympathetic activity in the major splanchnic nerve was increased, while vagus nerve activity was reduced by isoflavone treatment. The dyslipidaemia induced by overfeeding in SL rats was restored by isoflavone treatment. CONCLUSION The present study shows that treatment with isoflavone reduces adiposity and improves glucose and lipid metabolism. Collectively, these effects may depend on autonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamelli Silva
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Sandra da Silva Silveira
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Denise Alves Lopes
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Rosana Torrezan
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- a Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology , State University of Maringá , PR , Brazil
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Simu SY, Castro-Aceituno V, Lee S, Ahn S, Lee HK, Hoang VA, Yang DC. Fermentation of soybean hull by Monascus pilosus
and elucidation of its related molecular mechanism involved in the inhibition of lipid accumulation. An in sílico and in vitro approach. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakina Yesmin Simu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Verónica Castro-Aceituno
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
- LeeHyunKoo Fermentation Lab, Aejiwon; Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Koo Lee
- LeeHyunKoo Fermentation Lab, Aejiwon; Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Van-An Hoang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Republic of Korea
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15
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Nagata S, Chiba Y, Wang C, Yamashiro Y. The effects of the Lactobacillus casei strain on obesity in children: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:535-543. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are few data regarding the role of probiotics as a dietary intervention in the management of obesity in children. An open prospective examination was conducted to clarify the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-containing beverages in obese children. We compared the intestinal microbiota and organic acid levels between 12 obese (average age, 10.8 years; body mass index (BMI) Z score, 2.7±1.7) and 22 control children(average age, 8.5 years; BMI Z score, 0.1±0.7), and pre- and post-intervention in the obese children. The obese group underwent diet and exercise therapy for 6 months and then were given an LcS beverage daily for another 6 months and the body weight and serological markers were monitored. Significant reductions in the faecal concentrations of Bifidobacterium (obese group, 7.9±1.5 vs non-obese group, 9.8±0.5 Log10cells/g; P<0.01) along with a significant decline in the Bacteroides fragilis group, Atopobium cluster and Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup, and acetic acid (obese group, 45.1±16.9 vs non-obese group, 57.9±17.6 μmol/g; P<0.05) were observed in the obese group at baseline. A significant decline in body weight (-2.9±4.6%; P<0.05) and an elevation in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (+11.1±17.6%; P<0.05) were observed 6 months after ingestion of the LcS beverage compared to baseline. Furthermore, a significant increase in the faecal concentration of Bifidobacterium (7.0±1.2 before ingestion vs 9.1±1.2 Log10cells/g after ingestion; P<0.01) and an apparent increase in the acetic acid concentration (7.0±1.2 before ingestion vs 9.1±1.2 Log10cells/g after ingestion; P<0.01) were observed 6 months after ingestion. LcS contributed to weight loss while also improving the lipid metabolism in obese children via a significant increase in the faecal Bifidobacterium numbers and the acetic acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nagata
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Chiba
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C. Wang
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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16
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Xie CL, Hwang CE, Oh CK, Yoon NA, Ryu JH, Jeong JY, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Kang SS, Cho KM, Lee DH. Fermented soy-powder milk withLactobacillus plantarumP1201 protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-liang Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Chung Eun Hwang
- Department of Food Science; Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology; Jinju 52729 Korea
| | - Cheol Kyu Oh
- Department of Urology; Haeundae Paik Hospital; Inje University College of Medicine; Busan 48108 Korea
| | - Nal Ae Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science; Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology; Jinju 52729 Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science; Institute of Health Sciences; College of Medicine; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju 52727 Korea
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Potential of Natural Products in the Inhibition of Adipogenesis through Regulation of PPARγ Expression and/or Its Transcriptional Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101278. [PMID: 27669202 PMCID: PMC6274451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem characterized as an increase in the mass of adipose tissue. Adipogenesis is one of the key pathways that increases the mass of adipose tissue, by which preadipocytes mature into adipocytes through cell differentiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the chief regulator of adipogenesis, has been acutely investigated as a molecular target for natural products in the development of anti-obesity treatments. In this review, the regulation of PPARγ expression by natural products through inhibition of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), increased expression of GATA-2 and GATA-3 and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were analyzed. Furthermore, the regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity associated with natural products through the antagonism of PPARγ and activation of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were discussed. Lastly, regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by natural products, which might regulate both PPARγ expression and PPARγ transcriptional activity, was summarized. Understanding the role natural products play, as well as the mechanisms behind their regulation of PPARγ activity is critical for future research into their therapeutic potential for fighting obesity.
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18
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Zang Y, Igarashi K, Yu C. Anti-obese and anti-diabetic effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin on C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:117-23. [PMID: 25209298 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.955453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin, which are the glycoside-form isoflavones of daidzein and glycitein, respectively, on body weight, lipid levels, diabetic markers, and metabolism in a high-fat diet (HF) fed C57BL/6J mice for 92 days. The mice were divided into basic diet group (CON), HF group, and HF companied with the isoflavone mixture group (HFISO). Results showed that mice in HFISO had a significantly lower body weight and adipose tissue compared to HF group. Blood glucose, serum HbA1c, and serum insulin also showed lower levels in HFISO group. In addition, higher hepatic GSH level and lower serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level were found in HFISO group mice. This suggests that the regulation of oxidative stress by daidzin and glycitin was closely related to the suppression of adipose tissue and the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zang
- a College of Food Science , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
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19
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Anti-obesity effects of gut microbiota are associated with lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:1-10. [PMID: 24232731 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly becoming endemic in industrialized countries and continues to increase in developing countries worldwide. Obesity predisposes people to an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have described an association between obesity and certain gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbiota might play a critical role in the development of obesity. Although probiotics have many beneficial health effects in humans and animals, attention has only recently been drawn to manipulating the gut microbiota, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), to influence the development of obesity. In this review, we first describe the causes of obesity, including the genetic and environmental factors. We then describe the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity, and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influence energy metabolism and inflammation in obesity. Lastly, we focus on the potential role of LAB in mediating the effects of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity.
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20
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Jung JH, Kim HS. The inhibitory effect of black soybean on hepatic cholesterol accumulation in high cholesterol and high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:404-12. [PMID: 23900008 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as excess of fat in the liver. We investigated the effects of black soybean on the cholesterol metabolism and insulin resistance of mice fed high cholesterol/fat diets. Mice were randomly allocated into four groups that were fed different diets: the normal cholesterol/fat diet; high cholesterol/fat diets (HCD); and HCD with 1%, and 4% black soybean powder (1B-HCD, and 4B-HCD). Liver total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the black soybean-supplemented groups than that in the HCD group. PCR revealed significantly lower hepatic SREBP2 and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels of black soybean-supplemented mice. Real-time PCR revealed significantly higher hepatic ABCA1 mRNA level of black soybean-supplemented mice, which may increase cholesterol efflux. Liver bile acids concentration was significantly high in the 4B-HCD group. Black soybean stimulated secretion of adiponectin, activation of pAMPK, and eliminated free fatty acids in the liver. Black soybean supplementation decreased MDA and nitrate level. The activities of SOD, catalase, and GPx were restored by black soybean supplementation. Our data strongly indicate that black soybean influences the balance between oxidative and antioxidative stress. We suggest that black soybean improves cholesterol metabolism, insulin resistance, and alleviates oxidative damage in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jung
- Division of Biological Science, College of Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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21
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Krajmalnik-Brown R, Ilhan ZE, Kang DW, DiBaise JK. Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation. Nutr Clin Pract 2012; 27:201-14. [PMID: 22367888 DOI: 10.1177/0884533611436116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition may manifest as either obesity or undernutrition. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the harvest, storage, and expenditure of energy obtained from the diet. The composition of the gut microbiota has been shown to differ between lean and obese humans and mice; however, the specific roles that individual gut microbes play in energy harvest remain uncertain. The gut microbiota may also influence the development of conditions characterized by chronic low-level inflammation, such as obesity, through systemic exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the gut microbiota. In this review, the role of the gut microbiota in energy harvest and fat storage is explored, as well as differences in the microbiota in obesity and undernutrition.
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22
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Chiang SS, Pan TM. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 and its fermented products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:903-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Zang Y, Sato H, Igarashi K. Anti-diabetic effects of a kaempferol glycoside-rich fraction from unripe soybean (Edamame, Glycine max L. Merrill. 'Jindai') leaves on KK-A(y) mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1677-84. [PMID: 21897048 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The anti-diabetic effects of a kaempferol glycoside-rich fraction (KG) prepared from leaves of unripe Jindai soybean (Edamame) and kaempferol, an aglycone of kaempferol glycoside, were determined in genetically type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. The hemoglobin A(₁c) level was decreased and tended to be decreased by respectively feeding KG and kaempferol (K). The area under the curve (AUC) in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) tended to be decreased by feeding K and KG. The liver triglyceride level and fatty acid synthase activity were both decreased in the mice fed with KG and K when compared to those parameters in the control mice. These results suggest that KG and K would be useful to improve the diabetes condition. The major flavonoids in KG were identified as kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) galactopyranoside and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(2,6-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) galactopyronoside, suggesting that these compounds or some of them may be concerned with mitigation of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zang
- Course of Science of Bioresources, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
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24
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Kang HJ, Nam DH, Kim JS. Effects of Alternatively Prepared Meju Methanolic Extracts on Dietary Lipid Digestion. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2010.15.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim MH, Park JS, Jung JW, Byun KW, Kang KS, Lee YS. Daidzein supplementation prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through alternation of hepatic gene expression profiles and adipocyte metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:1019-30. [PMID: 21157426 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise and isoflavones exert antisteatotic effects by the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis/insulin resistance or adiposity/a variety of adipocytokines are related to hepatic steatosis. However, there is very little information regarding the potential effects of daidzein, the secondary abundant isoflavone, on NAFLD. Here, we have assessed the hepatic global transcription profiles, adipocytokines and adiposity in mice with high fat-induced NAFLD and their alteration by daidzein supplementation. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal fat (16% fat of total energy), high fat (HF; 36% fat of total energy) and HF supplemented with daidzein (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 g per kg diet) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Daidzein supplementation (≥ 0.5 g per kg diet) reduced hepatic lipid concentrations and alleviated hepatic steatosis. The hepatic microarray showed that daidzein supplementation (1 g per kg diet) downregulated carbohydrate responsive element binding protein, a determinant of de novo lipogenesis, its upstream gene liver X receptor β and its target genes encoding for lipogenic enzymes, thereby preventing hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. These results were confirmed by lower insulin and blood glucose levels as well as homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance scores. In addition, daidzein supplementation inhibited adiposity by the upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and the antiadipogeneis, and moreover augmented antisteatohepatitic leptin and adiponectin mRNA levels, whereas it reduced the mRNA or concentration of steatotic tumor necrosis factor α and ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that daidzein might alleviate NAFLD through the direct regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin signaling, and the indirect control of adiposity and adipocytokines by the alteration of adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Xia DZ, Yu XF, Wang HM, Ren QY, Chen BM. Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects of Ethanolic Extract fromAlpinia officinarumHance (Zingiberaceae) in Rats Fed High-Fat Diet. J Med Food 2010; 13:785-91. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Zong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Fen Yu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ya Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Mei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Tsai TY, Chu LH, Lee CL, Pan TM. Atherosclerosis-preventing activity of lactic acid bacteria-fermented milk-soymilk supplemented with Momordica charantia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2065-2071. [PMID: 19216552 DOI: 10.1021/jf802936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the milk-soymilk and milk-soymilk supplemented with Momordica charantia , a common oriental vegetable possessing medicinal activities, were fermented by lactic bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of milk-soymilk and fermented milk-soymilk with or without M. charantia on atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Fermented 25% milk and 75% soymilk combinations, supplemented with 1% M. charantia solution, can improve the acceptability of the fermented beverage. A total of 72 male Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into 9 groups (n = 8/group), and experimental diets were provided with a normal diet for the normal group and a high-cholesterol diet for others. The milk-soymilk and fermented milk-soymilk with or without M. charantia were administrated for 8 weeks. The milk-soymilk and fermented milk-soymilk with and without M. charantia were able to significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the serum cholesterol and the atherosclerotic plaque in aorta based on the comparison to the high-cholesterol diet (H) group. The groups on fermented milk-soymilk by Lactobacillus plantarum NTU 102 with or without M. charantia could significantly decrease (p < 0.05) the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The femented milk-soymilk by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 supplemented with M. charantia had an anti-atherosclerotic activity by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS) activity of the blood and relieving the degree of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that the milk-soymilk and the fermented milk-soymilk supplemented with or without M. charantia by L. paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 are effective in preventing and retarding the hyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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