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Yang J, Tong C, Qi J, Liao X, Li X, Zhang X, Zhou M, Wang L, Ma C, Xi X, Chen T, Gao Y, Wu D. Engineering and Structural Insights of a Novel BBI-like Protease Inhibitor Livisin from the Frog Skin Secretion. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14040273. [PMID: 35448882 PMCID: PMC9030697 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) family is a prototype group found mainly in plants, particularly grasses and legumes, which have been subjected to decades of study. Recently, the discovery of attenuated peptides containing the canonical Bowman–Birk protease inhibitory motif has been detected in the skin secretions of amphibians, mainly from Ranidae family members. The roles of these peptides in amphibian defense have been proposed to work cooperatively with antimicrobial peptides and reduce peptide degradation. A novel trypsin inhibitory peptide, named livisin, was found in the skin secretion of the green cascade frog, Odorrana livida. The cDNA encoding the precursor of livisin was cloned, and the predicted mature peptide was characterized. The mature peptide was found to act as a potent inhibitor against several serine proteases. A comparative activity study among the native peptide and its engineered analogs was performed, and the influence of the P1 and P2′ positions, as well as the C-terminal amidation on the structure–activity relationship for livisin, was illustrated. The findings demonstrated that livisin might serve as a potential drug discovery/development tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; (J.Y.); (C.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Chengliang Tong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; (J.Y.); (C.T.); (X.L.)
| | - Junmei Qi
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Q.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoying Liao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; (J.Y.); (C.T.); (X.L.)
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Q.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Q.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Q.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.Z.); (L.W.); (C.M.); (X.X.); (T.C.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.Z.); (L.W.); (C.M.); (X.X.); (T.C.)
| | - Chengbang Ma
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.Z.); (L.W.); (C.M.); (X.X.); (T.C.)
| | - Xinping Xi
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.Z.); (L.W.); (C.M.); (X.X.); (T.C.)
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK; (M.Z.); (L.W.); (C.M.); (X.X.); (T.C.)
| | - Yitian Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Q.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Di Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China; (J.Y.); (C.T.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.W.)
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Babii O, Afonin S, Diel C, Huhn M, Dommermuth J, Schober T, Koniev S, Hrebonkin A, Nesterov‐Mueller A, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Diarylethene-Based Photoswitchable Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21789-21794. [PMID: 34268844 PMCID: PMC8519022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bicyclic peptide scaffold was chemically adapted to generate diarylethene-based photoswitchable inhibitors of serine protease Bos taurus trypsin 1 (T1). Starting from a prototype molecule-sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1)-we obtained light-controllable inhibitors of T1 with Ki in the low nanomolar range, whose activity could be modulated over 20-fold by irradiation. The inhibitory potency as well as resistance to proteolytic degradation were systematically studied on a series of 17 SFTI-1 analogues. The hydrogen bond network that stabilizes the structure of inhibitors and possibly the enzyme-inhibitor binding dynamics were affected by isomerization of the photoswitch. The feasibility of manipulating enzyme activity in time and space was demonstrated by controlled digestion of gelatin-based hydrogel and an antimicrobial peptide BP100-RW. Finally, our design principles of diarylethene photoswitches are shown to apply also for the development of other serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christian Diel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Marcel Huhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jennifer Dommermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Lumobiotics GmbHAuer Straße 276227KarlsruheGermany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyivvul. Volodymyrska 601601KyivUkraine
| | - Andrii Hrebonkin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Alexander Nesterov‐Mueller
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT)KITHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyivvul. Volodymyrska 601601KyivUkraine
- Lumobiotics GmbHAuer Straße 276227KarlsruheGermany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)POB 364076021KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)KITFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
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3
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Babii O, Afonin S, Diel C, Huhn M, Dommermuth J, Schober T, Koniev S, Hrebonkin A, Nesterov‐Mueller A, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Diarylethen‐basierte lichtschaltbare Inhibitoren von Serinproteasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christian Diel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Huhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Dommermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auer Straße 2 76227 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 1601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Andrii Hrebonkin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Alexander Nesterov‐Mueller
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 1601 Kyiv Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH Auer Straße 2 76227 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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Vishweshwaraiah YL, Acharya A, Hegde V, Prakash B. Rational design of hyperstable antibacterial peptides for food preservation. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:26. [PMID: 34471114 PMCID: PMC8410836 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the design of peptides with properties like thermostability, pH stability, and antibacterial activity against a few bacterial food pathogens. Insights obtained from classical structure-function analysis of natural peptides and their mutants through antimicrobial and enzymatic assays are used to rationally develop a set of peptides. pH and thermostability assays were performed to demonstrate robust antimicrobial activity post-treatment with high temperatures and at wide pH ranges. We have also investigated the mode of action of these hyperstable peptides using membrane permeability assays, electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Notably, through mutational studies, we show that these peptides elicit their antibacterial action via both membrane destabilization and inhibition of intracellular trypsin-the two functions attributable to separate peptide segments. Finally, toxicity studies and food preservation assays demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the designed peptides for food preservation. Overall, the study provides a general 'blueprint' for the development of stable antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Insights obtained from this work may also be combined with combinatorial methods in high-throughput studies for future development of antimicrobials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashavantha L. Vishweshwaraiah
- grid.417629.f0000 0004 0501 5711Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Abhishek Acharya
- grid.417629.f0000 0004 0501 5711Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Vinayak Hegde
- grid.417629.f0000 0004 0501 5711Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India ,grid.469887.c0000 0004 7744 2771Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Balaji Prakash
- grid.417629.f0000 0004 0501 5711Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India ,grid.448607.90000 0004 1781 3606Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Enzymes Involved in Fibrillar Collagen Degradation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123217. [PMID: 34200889 PMCID: PMC8230458 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibres degradation is a complex process involving a variety of enzymes. Fibrillar collagens, namely type I, II, and III, are the most widely spread collagens in human body, e.g., they are responsible for tissue fibrillar structure and skin elasticity. Nevertheless, the hyperactivity of fibrotic process and collagen accumulation results with joints, bone, heart, lungs, kidneys or liver fibroses. Per contra, dysfunctional collagen turnover and its increased degradation leads to wound healing disruption, skin photoaging, and loss of firmness and elasticity. In this review we described the main enzymes participating in collagen degradation pathway, paying particular attention to enzymes degrading fibrillar collagen. Therefore, collagenases (MMP-1, -8, and -13), elastases, and cathepsins, together with their peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors, are reviewed. This information, related to the design and synthesis of new inhibitors based on peptide structure, can be relevant for future research in the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, and cosmeceuticals.
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Isolation and functional diversity of Bowman-Birk type serine proteinase inhibitors from Hyacinthus orientalis. Biochem J 2021; 478:1287-1301. [PMID: 33666645 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20201005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs) are plant-derived serine proteinase inhibitors. Endogenously, they function as defense molecules against pathogens and insects, but they also have been explored for applications in cancer treatment and inflammatory disorders. Here, we isolated 15 novel BBIs from the bulb of Hyacinthus orientalis (termed HOSPIs). These isoinhibitors consisted of two or three chains, respectively, that are linked by disulfides bonds based on proposed cleavage sites in the canonical BBI reactive site loop. They strongly inhibited trypsin (Ki = 0.22-167 nM) and α-chymotrypsin (Ki = 19-1200 nM). Notably, HOSPI-B4 contains a six-residue reactive loop, which appears to be the smallest such motif discovered in BBIs to date. HOSPI-A6 and -A7 contain an unusual reactive site, i.e. Leu-Met at the P1-P1' position and have strong inhibitory activity against trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and elastase. Analysis of the cDNA encoding HOSPIs revealed that the precursors have HOSPI-like domains repeated at least twice with a defined linker sequence connecting individual domains. Lastly, mutational analysis of HOSPIs suggested that the linker sequence does not affect the inhibitory activity, and a Thr residue at the P2 site and a Pro at the P3' site are crucial for elastase inhibition. Using mammalian proteases as representative model system, we gain novel insight into the sequence diversity and proteolytic activity of plant BBI. These results may aid the rational design of BBI peptides with potent and distinct inhibitory activity against human, pathogen, or insect serine proteinases.
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7
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Shahin-Kaleybar B, Niazi A, Afsharifar A, Nematzadeh G, Yousefi R, Retzl B, Hellinger R, Muratspahić E, Gruber CW. Isolation of Cysteine-Rich Peptides from Citrullus colocynthis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1326. [PMID: 32948080 PMCID: PMC7565491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Citrullus colocynthis, a member of the squash (Cucurbitaceae) family, has a long history in traditional medicine. Based on the ancient knowledge about the healing properties of herbal preparations, plant-derived small molecules, e.g., salicylic acid, or quinine, have been integral to modern drug discovery. Additionally, many plant families, such as Cucurbitaceae, are known as a rich source for cysteine-rich peptides, which are gaining importance as valuable pharmaceuticals. In this study, we characterized the C. colocynthis peptidome using chemical modification of cysteine residues, and mass shift analysis via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. We identified the presence of at least 23 cysteine-rich peptides in this plant, and eight novel peptides, named citcol-1 to -8, with a molecular weight between ~3650 and 4160 Da, were purified using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their amino acid sequences were determined by de novo assignment of b- and y-ion series of proteolytic peptide fragments. In silico analysis of citcol peptides revealed a high sequence similarity to trypsin inhibitor peptides from Cucumis sativus, Momordica cochinchinensis, Momordica macrophylla and Momordica sphaeroidea. Using genome/transcriptome mining it was possible to identify precursor sequences of this peptide family in related Cucurbitaceae species that cluster into trypsin inhibitor and antimicrobial peptides. Based on our analysis, the presence or absence of a crucial Arg/Lys residue at the putative P1 position may be used to classify these common cysteine-rich peptides by functional properties. Despite sequence homology and the common classification into the inhibitor cysteine knot family, these peptides appear to have diverse and additional bioactivities yet to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahin-Kaleybar
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Ali Niazi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Department of Plant Protection, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
| | | | - Reza Yousefi
- Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Iran;
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Edin Muratspahić
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (B.S.-K.); (B.R.); (R.H.); (E.M.)
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Ranacyclin-NF, a Novel Bowman-Birk Type Protease Inhibitor from the Skin Secretion of the East Asian Frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070149. [PMID: 32630758 PMCID: PMC7407945 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors are found in plants, animals and microorganisms, where they play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Inhibitor scaffolds based on natural proteins and peptides have gradually become the focus of current research as they tend to bind to their targets with greater specificity than small molecules. In this report, a novel Bowman–Birk type inhibitor, named ranacyclin-NF (RNF), is described and was identified in the skin secretion of the East Asian frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus. A synthetic replicate of the peptide was subjected to a series of functional assays. It displayed trypsin inhibitory activity with an inhibitory constant, Ki, of 447 nM and had negligible direct cytotoxicity. No observable direct antimicrobial activity was found but RNF improved the therapeutic potency of Gentamicin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). RNF shared significant sequence similarity to previously reported and related inhibitors from Odorrana grahami (ORB) and Rana esculenta (ranacyclin-T), both of which were found to be multi-functional. Two analogues of RNF, named ranacyclin-NF1 (RNF1) and ranacyclin-NF3L (RNF3L), were designed based on some features of ORB and ranacyclin-T to study structure–activity relationships. Structure–activity studies demonstrated that residues outside of the trypsin inhibitory loop (TIL) may be related to the efficacy of trypsin inhibitory activity.
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Truncation of Huia versabilis Bowman-Birk inhibitor increases its selectivity, matriptase-1 inhibitory activity and proteolytic stability. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:178-186. [PMID: 32169666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A gradual truncation of the primary structure of frog skin-derived Huia versabilis Bowman-Birk peptidic inhibitor (HV-BBI) resulted in 18-times stronger inhibitor of matriptase-1 (peptide 6, Ki = 8 nm) in comparison to the full-length HV-BBI (Ki = 155 nm). Analogous increase in the inhibitory activity in correlation with the peptide length reduction was not observed in case of other serine proteases, bovine trypsin (Ki = 151 nm for peptide 6 and Ki = 120 nm for HV-BBI) and plasmin (Ki = 120 nm for peptide 6 and 82 nm for HV-BBI). Weaker binding affinity to these enzymes emphasized an inhibitory specificity of peptide 6. Molecular dynamic analysis revealed that the observed variations in the binding affinity of peptide 6 and HV-BBI with matriptase-1 are associated with the entropic differences of the unbound peptides. Moreover, several aspects explaining differences in the inhibition of matriptase-1 by peptide 6 (bearing the C-terminal amide group) and its two analogues, peptide 6∗ (having the C-terminal carboxyl group, Ki = 473 nm) and cyclic peptide 6∗∗ (Ki = 533 nm), both exhibiting more than 50-fold reduced inhibitory potency, were discovered. It was also shown that peptide 6 presented significantly higher resistance to proteolytic degradation in human serum than HV-BBI. Additional investigations revealed that, in contrast to some amphibian-derived inhibitors, HV-BBI and its truncated analogues do not possess bactericidal activity, thus they cannot be considered as bifunctional agents.
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Pogodaev AA, Fernández Regueiro CL, Jakštaitė M, Hollander MJ, Huck WTS. Modular Design of Small Enzymatic Reaction Networks Based on Reversible and Cleavable Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14539-14543. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A. Pogodaev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | | | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Marijn J. Hollander
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
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11
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Pogodaev AA, Fernández Regueiro CL, Jakštaitė M, Hollander MJ, Huck WTS. Modular Design of Small Enzymatic Reaction Networks Based on Reversible and Cleavable Inhibitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A. Pogodaev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | | | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Marijn J. Hollander
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Heyendaalseweg 135 Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands
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Fernandes JPC, Mehdad A, Valadares NF, Mourão CBF, Ventura MM, Barbosa JARG, Freitas SMD. Crystallographic structure of a complex between trypsin and a nonapeptide derived from a Bowman-Birk inhibitor found in Vigna unguiculata seeds. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:79-86. [PMID: 30817908 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural inhibitors of proteases have been classified into different families, among them is the Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI) family. Members of BBI have two structurally reactive loops that simultaneously inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin. Here, we have investigated the binding of bovine trypsin by a cyclic nonapeptide, named PTRY9 (CTKSIPPQC), derived of the black-eyed pea trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor (BTCI) from Vigna unguiculata seeds. This peptide was synthetically produced with the disulfide bond restraining its conformation to mimic the reactive loop that inhibits trypsin. PTRY9 complexed to pancreatic bovine trypsin was crystallized in orthorhombic and trigonal space groups, P212121 and P3221, with maximum resolutions of 1.15 and 1.61 Å, respectively. The structures presented refinement parameters of Rwork = 14.52 % and Rfree = 15.59 %; Rwork = 15.60 % and Rfree = 18.78 %, and different surface area between the peptide and the enzyme of 1024 Å2 and 1070 Å2, respectively. The binding site of the PTRY9 is similar to that found for BTCI as shown by a r.m.s.d. of 0.358 Å between the superimposed structures and the electrostatic complementary pattern at the enzyme-peptide interface. Additionally, enzyme inhibition assays show that the affinity of trypsin for PTRY9 is smaller than that for BTCI. In vitro assays revealed that, like BTCI, this synthetic peptide is not cytotoxic for normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells, but exerts cytotoxic effects on MDA.MB.231 invasive human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Campos Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Azadeh Mehdad
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Napoleão Fonseca Valadares
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Mateus Ventura
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Identification and pharmaceutical evaluation of novel frog skin-derived serine proteinase inhibitor peptide-PE-BBI (Pelophylax esculentus Bowman-Birk inhibitor) for the potential treatment of cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14502. [PMID: 30267012 PMCID: PMC6162207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian venom-derived peptides have high potential in the field of anticancer drug discovery. We have isolated a novel Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor (BBI)-type peptide from the skin secretion of Pelophylax esculentus (PE) named PE-BBI, and evaluated its bio-functions and anti-cancer activity in vitro. PE-BBI is a heptadecapeptide with C-terminal amidation. The mRNA sequence and primary structure of PE-BBI were identified using RT-PCR and LC/MS, respectively. A trypsin inhibitory assay was used to characterize the serine proteinase inhibitory activity of synthetic PE-BBI. PE-BBI’s myotropic activity was analyzed using isolated rat bladder and rat-tail artery smooth muscle tissues, and the anti-cancer ability of PE-BBI using human colorectal cancer cells. PE-BBI’s mechanism of action was investigated using Discovery studio software. PE-BBI showed trypsin inhibitory activity (Ki = 310 ± 72 nM), strong myotropic activity, and cytotoxicity that were specific to cancer cells, and no side effect to normal epithelial cells. The docking stimulation showed that PE-BBI had high affinity to several members of human kallikrein related peptidase (KLK) family. This finding helps to enrich our understanding of BBI peptides’ mode of action. Moreover, the data presented here validates frog secretions as sources of potential novel proteinase inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. The Antiviral Potential of Host Protease Inhibitors. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The replication of numerous pathogenic viruses depends on host proteases, which therefore emerged as potential antiviral drug targets. In some cases, e.g., for influenza viruses, their function during the viral propagation cycle is relatively well understood, where they cleave and activate viral surface glycoproteins. For other viruses, e.g., Ebola virus, the function of host proteases during replication is still not clear. Host proteases may also contribute to the pathogenicity of virus infection by activating proinflammatory cytokines. For some coronaviruses, human proteases can also serve in a nonproteolytical fashion simply as receptors for virus entry. However, blocking of such protein-protein contacts is challenging, because receptor surfaces are often flat and difficult to address with small molecules. In contrast, many proteases possess well-defined binding pockets. Therefore, they can be considered as well-druggable targets, especially, if they are extracellularly active. The number of their experimental crystal structures is steadily increasing, which is an important prerequisite for a rational structure-based inhibitor design using computational chemistry tools in combination with classical medicinal chemistry approaches. Moreover, host proteases can be considered as stable targets, and their inhibition should prevent rapid resistance developments, which is often observed when addressing viral proteins. Otherwise, the inhibition of host proteases can also affect normal physiological processes leading to a higher probability of side effects and a narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, they should be preferably used in combination therapies with additional antiviral drugs. This strategy should provide a stronger antiviral efficacy, allow to use lower drug doses, and minimize side effects. Despite numerous experimental findings on their antiviral activity, no small-molecule inhibitors of host proteases have been approved for the treatment of virus infections, so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
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A Bowman-Birk type chymotrypsin inhibitor peptide from the amphibian, Hylarana erythraea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5851. [PMID: 29643444 PMCID: PMC5895817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The first amphibian skin secretion-derived Bowman-Birk type chymotrypsin inhibitor is described here from the Asian green frog, Hylarana erythraea, and was identified by use of molecular cloning and tandem mass spectrometric amino acid sequencing. It was named Hylarana erythraea chymotrypsin inhibitor (HECI) and in addition to inhibition of chymotrypsin (Ki = 3.92 ± 0.35 μM), the peptide also inhibited the 20 S proteasome (Ki = 8.55 ± 1.84 μM). Additionally, an analogue of HECI, named K9-HECI, in which Phe9 was substituted by Lys9 at the P1 position, was functional as a trypsin inhibitor. Both peptides exhibited anti-proliferation activity against the human cancer cell lines, H157, PC-3 and MCF-7, up to a concentration of 1 mM and possessed a low degree of cytotoxicity on normal cells, HMEC-1. However, HECI exhibited higher anti-proliferative potency against H157. The results indicate that HECI, inhibiting chymotryptic-like activity of proteasome, could provide new insights in treatment of lung cancer.
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Saikhedkar NS, Joshi RS, Bhoite AS, Mohandasan R, Yadav AK, Fernandes M, Kulkarni KA, Giri AP. Tripeptides derived from reactive centre loop of potato type II protease inhibitors preferentially inhibit midgut proteases of Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:17-25. [PMID: 29486250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potato type II protease inhibitors (Pin-II PIs) impede the growth of lepidopteran insects by inhibiting serine protease-like enzymes in the larval gut. The three amino acid reactive centre loop (RCL) of these proteinaceous inhibitors is crucial for protease binding and is conserved across the Pin-II family. However, the molecular mechanism and inhibitory potential of the RCL tripeptides in isolation of the native protein has remained elusive. In this study, six peptides corresponding to the RCLs of the predominant Pin-II PIs were identified, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against serine proteases of the polyphagous insect, Helicoverpa armigera. RCL peptides with sequences PRN, PRY and TRE were found to be potent inhibitors that adversely affected the growth and development of H. armigera. The binding mechanism and differential affinity of the RCL peptides with serine proteases was delineated by crystal structures of complexes of the RCL peptides with trypsin. Residues P1 and P2 of the inhibitors play a crucial role in the interaction and specificity of these inhibitors. Important features of RCL peptides like higher inhibition of insect proteases, enhanced efficacy at alkaline gut pH, longer retention and high stability in insect gut make them suitable molecules for the development of sustainable pest management strategies for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi S Saikhedkar
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rakesh S Joshi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India; Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ashiwini S Bhoite
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Radhika Mohandasan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Amit Kumar Yadav
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Moneesha Fernandes
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Kiran A Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India.
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17
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Velasques J, Cardoso MH, Abrantes G, Frihling BE, Franco OL, Migliolo L. The rescue of botanical insecticides: A bioinspiration for new niches and needs. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 143:14-25. [PMID: 29183583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop protection is the basis of plant production and food security. Additionally, there are many efforts focused on increasing defensive mechanisms in order to avoid the damaging effects of insects, which still represent significant losses worldwide. Plants have naturally evolved different mechanisms to discourage herbivory, including chemical barriers such as the induction of defensive proteins and secondary metabolites, some of which have a historical link with bio-farming practices and others that are yet to be used. In the context of global concern regarding health and environmental impacts, which has been translated into political action and restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, this review deals with a description of some historical commercial phytochemicals and promising proteinaceous compounds that plants may modulate to defeat insect attacks. We present a broader outlook on molecular structure and mechanisms of action while we discuss possible tools to achieve effective methods for the biological control of pests, either by the formulation of products or by the development of new plant varieties with enhanced chemical defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannaina Velasques
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Abrantes
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Breno Emanuel Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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18
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Indarte M, Lazza CM, Assis D, Caffini NO, Juliano MA, Avilés FX, Daura X, López LMI, Trejo SA. A Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor purified, cloned, sequenced and characterized from the seeds of Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. PLANTA 2017; 245:343-353. [PMID: 27778107 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new BBI-type protease inhibitor with remarkable structural characteristics was purified, cloned, and sequenced from seeds of Maclura pomifera , a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the Moraceae family. In this work, we report a Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) isolated, purified, cloned, and characterized from Maclura pomifera seeds (MpBBI), the first of this type from a species belonging to Moraceae family. MpBBI was purified to homogeneity by RP-HPLC, total RNA was extracted from seeds of M. pomifera, and the 3'RACE-PCR method was applied to obtain the cDNA, which was cloned and sequenced. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis showed correspondence between the in silico-translated protein and MpBBI, confirming that it corresponds to a new plant protease inhibitor. The obtained cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 65 residues and possesses 10 cysteine residues, with molecular mass of 7379.27, pI 6.10, and extinction molar coefficient of 9105 M-1 cm-1. MpBBI inhibits strongly trypsin with K i in the 10-10 M range and was stable in a wide array of pH and extreme temperatures. MpBBI comparative modeling was applied to gain insight into its 3D structure and highlighted some distinguishing features: (1) two non-identical loops, (2) loop 1 (CEEESRC) is completely different from any known BBI, and (3) the amount of disulphide bonds is also different from any reported BBI from dicot plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Indarte
- PHusisTherapeutics, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Cristian M Lazza
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Diego Assis
- Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Néstor O Caffini
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María A Juliano
- Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Francesc X Avilés
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M I López
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, 1888 Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CITEC, Gonnet, B1897, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián A Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinar de Biología Celular (IMBICE), La Plata, B1906APO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Dantzger M, Vasconcelos IM, Scorsato V, Aparicio R, Marangoni S, Macedo MLR. Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor from Clitoria fairchildiana seeds: Isolation, biochemical properties and insecticidal potential. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 118:224-235. [PMID: 26330217 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein described is the biochemical characterisation, including in vitro and in vivo assays, for a proteinase inhibitor purified from Clitoria fairchildiana seeds (CFPI). Purification was performed by hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatography. Kinetic studies of the purified inhibitor showed a competitive-type inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin, with an inhibition stoichiometry of 1:1 for both enzymes. The inhibition constants against trypsin and chymotrypsin were 3.3 × 10(-10) and 1.5 × 10(-10)M, respectively, displaying a tight binding property. SDS-PAGE showed that CFPI has a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa under non-reducing conditions. However, MALDI-TOF analysis demonstrated a molecular mass of 7.973 kDa, suggesting that CFPI is dimeric in solution. The N-terminal sequence of CFPI showed homology with members of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor family. CFPI remained stable to progressive heating for 30 min to each temperature range of 37 up to 100 °C and CD analysis exhibited no changes in spectra at 207 nm after heating at 90 °C and subsequent cooling. Moreover, CFPI was active over a wide pH range (2-10). In contrast, reduction with DTT resulted in a loss of inhibitory activity against trypsin and chymotrypsin. CFPI also exhibited significant inhibitory activity against larval midgut trypsin enzymes from Anagasta kuehniella (76%), Diatraea saccharalis (59%) and Heliothis virescens (49%). Its insecticidal properties were further analysed by bioassays and confirmed by negative impact on A. kuehniella development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Dantzger
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Department of Food Technology and Public Health, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Ilka Maria Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, CE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Scorsato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparicio
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marangoni
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil; Department of Food Technology and Public Health, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil.
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Lin Y, Hang H, Chen T, Zhou M, Wang L, Shaw C. pLR-HL: A Novel Amphibian Bowman-Birk-type Trypsin Inhibitor from the Skin Secretion of the Broad-folded Frog, Hylarana latouchii. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:91-100. [PMID: 26228512 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel heptadecapeptide (LIGGCWTKSIPPKPCLV) of the pLR/ranacyclin family, named pLR-HL, whose structure was deduced from its biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNA cloned from the skin secretion-derived cDNA library of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii, by employing a 'shotgun' cloning technique. It contains a disulphide loop between Cys(5) and Cys(15) which is consistent with Bowman-Birk-type protease inhibitors. The primary structure of pLR-HL deduced from the cDNA sequence was confirmed by fractionating the skin secretion using reverse-phase HPLC and subsequent analysis using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and LC/MS/MS fragmentation sequencing. On the basis of the establishment of unequivocal amino acid sequence, a synthetic replicate was synthesized by solid-phase Fmoc chemistry, and it displayed a moderately potent trypsin inhibition with a Ki of 143 nm. The substitution of Lys-8 by Phe (Phe(8) -pLR-HL) resulted in abolition of trypsin inhibition but generation of modest inhibition on chymotrypsin with a Ki of 2.141 μm. Additionally, both the disulphide loops of pLR-HL and Phe(8) -pLR-HL were synthesized and tested. Both of the catalytic loops retained similar inhibitory potencies towards trypsin or chymotrypsin in comparison with the original intact molecules. Thus, the replacement of reactive site residues could alter the specificity of these protease inhibitors, while the canonical reactive loop alone can independently constitute biologically active moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK.,Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haiying Hang
- Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
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Grudnik P, Debowski D, Legowska A, Malicki S, Golik P, Karna N, Rolka K, Dubin G. Atomic resolution crystal structure of HV-BBI protease inhibitor from amphibian skin in complex with bovine trypsin. Proteins 2015; 83:582-9. [PMID: 25546528 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk (BBI) family are commonly found in plants and animals where they play a protective role against invading pathogens. Here, we report an atomic resolution (1Å) crystal structure of a peptide inhibitor isolated from a skin secretion of a Chinese bamboo odorous frog Huia versabilis (HV-BBI) in complex with trypsin. HV-BBI shares significant similarities in sequence with a previously described inhibitor from a diskless-fingered odorous frog Odorrana graham (ORB). However, the latter is characterized by more than a 16,000 fold higher Ki against trypsin than HV-BBI. Comparative analysis of trypsin cocrystal structures of HV-BBI and ORB and additionally that of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor (SFTI-1) together with accessory information on the affinities of inhibitor variants allowed us to pinpoint the inhibitor moiety responsible for the observed large difference in activity and also to define the extent of modifications permissible within the common protease-binding loop scaffold of BBI inhibitors. We suggest that modifications outside of the inhibitory loop permit the evolution of specificity toward different enzymes characterized by trypsin-like specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Grudnik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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Sauer G, Nasu D, Tietze D, Gutmann T, Englert S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Effective PHIP Labeling of Bioactive Peptides Boosts the Intensity of the NMR Signal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12941-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sauer G, Nasu D, Tietze D, Gutmann T, Englert S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Buntkowsky G. Effektive Markierung von bioaktiven Peptiden mit PHIP-Markern zur Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit von NMR-Signalen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Korneeva VA, Trubetskov MM, Korshunova AV, Lushchekina SV, Kolyadko VN, Sergienko OV, Lunin VG, Panteleev MA, Ataullakhanov FI. Interactions outside the proteinase-binding loop contribute significantly to the inhibition of activated coagulation factor XII by its canonical inhibitor from corn. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14109-20. [PMID: 24706752 PMCID: PMC4022879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated factor XII (FXIIa) is selectively inhibited by corn Hageman factor inhibitor (CHFI) among other plasma proteases. CHFI is considered a canonical serine protease inhibitor that interacts with FXIIa through its protease-binding loop. Here we examined whether the protease-binding loop alone is sufficient for the selective inhibition of serine proteases or whether other regions of a canonical inhibitor are involved. Six CHFI mutants lacking different N- and C-terminal portions were generated. CHFI-234, which lacks the first and fifth disulfide bonds and 11 and 19 amino acid residues at the N and C termini, respectively, exhibited no significant changes in FXIIa inhibition (Ki = 3.2 ± 0.4 nm). CHFI-123, which lacks 34 amino acid residues at the C terminus and the fourth and fifth disulfide bridges, inhibited FXIIa with a Ki of 116 ± 16 nm. To exclude interactions outside the FXIIa active site, a synthetic cyclic peptide was tested. The peptide contained residues 20–45 (Protein Data Bank code 1BEA), and a C29D substitution was included to avoid unwanted disulfide bond formation between unpaired cysteines. Surprisingly, the isolated protease-binding loop failed to inhibit FXIIa but retained partial inhibition of trypsin (Ki = 11.7 ± 1.2 μm) and activated factor XI (Ki = 94 ± 11 μm). Full-length CHFI inhibited trypsin with a Ki of 1.3 ± 0.2 nm and activated factor XI with a Ki of 5.4 ± 0.2 μm. Our results suggest that the protease-binding loop is not sufficient for the interaction between FXIIa and CHFI; other regions of the inhibitor also contribute to specific inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Korneeva
- From the Laboratory of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Trubetskov
- From the Laboratory of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia, the Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | | | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- the Laboratory of Computer Modeling of Biomolecular Systems and Nanomaterials, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Kolyadko
- From the Laboratory of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Sergienko
- the Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow 127550, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Lunin
- the Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow 127550, Russia, the Laboratory of Biologically Active Nanostructures, Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Russian Federation Ministry of Health and Social Development, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- From the Laboratory of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia, the Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, the Research Department, HemaCore LLC, Moscow 125319, Russia, the Research Division, Scientific Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia, and the Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - Fazoil I Ataullakhanov
- From the Laboratory of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hemostasis, Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia, the Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, the Research Department, HemaCore LLC, Moscow 125319, Russia, the Research Division, Scientific Clinical Centre of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology Named after Dmitry Rogachev of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia, and the Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
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Bhattacharjee N, Banerjee S, Dutta SK. Cloning, expression and mutational studies of a trypsin inhibitor that retains activity even after cyanogen bromide digestion. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 96:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Barros SC, Louro RO, Micaêlo NM, Martins JA, Marcos JC, Cavaco-Paulo A. NMR and molecular modelling studies on elastase inhibitor-peptides for wound management. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Prasad CVSS, Gupta S, Gaponenko A, Tiwari M. Molecular dynamic and docking interaction study of Heterodera glycines serine proteinase with Vigna mungo proteinase inhibitor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1996-2008. [PMID: 23813339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many plants do produce various defense proteins like proteinase inhibitors (PIs) to protect them against various pests. PIs function as pseudosubstrates of digestive proteinase, which inhibits proteolysis in pests and leads to amino acid deficiency-based mortality. This work reports the structural interaction studies of serine proteinase of Heterodera glycines (SPHG) with Vigna mungo proteinase inhibitor (VMPI). 3D protein structure modeling, validation of SPHG and VMPI, and their putative protein-protein binding sites were predicted. Protein-protein docking followed by molecular dynamic simulation was performed to find the reliable confirmation of SPHG-VMPI complex. Trajectory analysis of each successive conformation concludes better interaction of first loop in comparison with second loop. Lysine residues of first loop were actively participating in complex formation. Overall, this study discloses the structural aspects and interaction mechanisms of VMPI with SPHG, and it would be helpful in the development of pest-resistant genetically modified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V S Siva Prasad
- Division of Applied Science & IRCB, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad, 211012, India.
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29
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Dębowski D, Łukajtis R, Łęgowska A, Karna N, Pikuła M, Wysocka M, Maliszewska I, Sieńczyk M, Lesner A, Rolka K. Inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of OGTI and HV-BBI peptides, fragments and analogs derived from amphibian skin. Peptides 2012; 35:276-84. [PMID: 22516177 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of linear and cyclic fragments and analogs of two peptides (OGTI and HV-BBI) isolated from skin secretions of frogs were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Their inhibitory activity against several serine proteinases: bovine β-trypsin, bovine α-chymotypsin, human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G from human neutrophils, was investigated together with evaluation of their antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive species isolated from patients (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus sp., Streptococcus sp.). The cytotoxicity of the selected peptides toward an immortal human skin fibroblast cell line was also determined. Three peptides: HV-BBI, its truncated fragment HV-BBI(3-18) and its analog [Phe(8)]HV-BBI can be considered as bifunctional compounds with inhibitory as well as antibacterial properties. OGTI, although it did not display trypsin inhibitory activity as previously reported in the literature, exerted antimicrobial activity toward S. epidermidis. In addition, under our experimental conditions, this peptide did not show cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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30
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Wang M, Wang L, Chen T, Walker B, Zhou M, Sui D, Conlon JM, Shaw C. Identification and molecular cloning of a novel amphibian Bowman Birk-type trypsin inhibitor from the skin of the Hejiang Odorous Frog; Odorrana hejiangensis. Peptides 2012; 33:245-50. [PMID: 22285790 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an amphibian (Odorrana hejiangensis) skin extract was fractionated by reverse phase HPLC and fractions were screened for trypsin inhibitory activity. Using this initial approach, a novel trypsin inhibitory peptide was detected with an apparent protonated molecular mass of 1804.83 Da, as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. It was named Hejiang trypsin inhibitor (HJTI) in accordance. The primary structure of the biosynthetic precursor of HJTI was deduced from a cDNA sequence cloned from a skin-derived cDNA library. The primary structure of the encoded predicted mature active peptide was established as: GAPKGCWTKSYPPQPCS (non-protonated monoisotopic molecular mass--1802.81Da). On the basis of this unequivocal amino acid sequence, a synthetic replicate was synthesized by solid phase Fmoc chemistry. This replicate displayed a moderately potent trypsin inhibition with a K(i) of 388 nM. Bioinformatic analysis of the primary structure of this peptide indicated that it was a member of the Bowman-Birk family of protease inhibitors. The substitutions of Gln-14 and Ser-17 by Lys, resulted in an increase in cationicity and a small increase in potency to a K(i) value of 218nM. Neither HJTI nor its synthetic analog, possessed any significant antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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31
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Tamburino R, Severino V, Sandomenico A, Ruvo M, Parente A, Chambery A, Di Maro A. De novo sequencing and characterization of a novel Bowman–Birk inhibitor from Lathyrus sativus L. seeds by electrospray mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:3232-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25241d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Darii E, Saravanamuthu G, Afonso C, Alves S, Gut I, Tabet JC. Possible conformational change within the desolvated and cationized sBBI/trypsin non-covalent complex during the collision-induced dissociation process. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1725-1734. [PMID: 21598332 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has become an analytical technique widely used for the investigation of non-covalent protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes due to the soft desolvation conditions that preserve the stoichiometry of the interacting partners. Dissociation studies of solvated or desolvated complexes (in the source and in the collision cell, respectively) allow access to information on protein conformation and localization of the metal ions involved in protein structure stabilization and biological activity. The complex of bovine trypsin and small soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor (sBBI) was studied by ESI-MS to determine changes occurring within the complex during its transfer from droplets to the gas phase independently of the ion polarity. Under collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions, unexpected binding of the Ca(2+) ion (cofactor of native trypsin) to the inhibitor molecule was observed within the desolvated sBBI/trypsin/Ca(2+) complex (with a 1:1:1 stoichiometry). This formal gas-phase migration of the calcium ion from trypsin to the inhibitor may be related to conformational rearrangements in the solvent-free and likely collapsed complex. However, under conditions leading to the increase in complex charge state, the appearance of the cationized trypsin molecule was detected during complex dissociation, thus reflecting different pathways of the evolution of complex conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Darii
- Equipe de Spectrométrie de masse, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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33
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Vasconcelos A, Azoia NG, Carvalho AC, Gomes AC, Güebitz G, Cavaco-Paulo A. Tailoring elastase inhibition with synthetic peptides. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:53-60. [PMID: 21658384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are the result of excessive amounts of tissue destructive proteases such as human neutrophil elastase (HNE). The high levels of this enzyme found on those types of wounds inactivate the endogenous inhibitor barrier thus, the search for new HNE inhibitors is required. This work presents two new HNE inhibitor peptides, which were synthesized based on the reactive-site loop of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor protein. The results obtained indicated that these new peptides are competitive inhibitors for HNE and, the inhibitory activity can be modulated by modifications introduced at the N- and C-terminal of the peptides. Furthermore, these peptides were also able to inhibit elastase from a human wound exudate while showing no cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblasts in vitro, greatly supporting their potential application in chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Vasconcelos
- Universidade do Minho, Departamento de Engenharia Têxtil, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
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34
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Rafał Ł, Anna Ł, Magdalena W, Dawid D, Adam L, Krzysztof R. Analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 modified in the conserved P1
′ position by synthetic or non-proteinogenic amino acids retain their inhibitory activity. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:281-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Lęgowska A, Dębowski D, Lukajtis R, Wysocka M, Czaplewski C, Lesner A, Rolka K. Implication of the disulfide bridge in trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 in its interaction with serine proteinases. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8188-93. [PMID: 21036622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen monocyclic analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 isolated from sunflower seeds were synthesized by the solid-phase method. The purpose of this work was to establish the role of a disulfide bridge present in inhibitor's side chains of Cys3 and Cys11 in association with serine proteinases. This cyclic fragment was replaced by the disulfide bridges formed by l-pencillamine (Pen), homo-l-cysteine (Hcy), N-sulfanylethylglycine (Nhcy) or combination of the three with Cys. As in the substrate specificity the P(1) position of the synthesized analogues Lys, Nlys [N-(4-aminobutyl)glycine], Phe or Nphe (N-benzylglycine) were present, and they were checked for trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. The results clearly indicated that Pen and Nhcy were not acceptable at the position 3, yielding inactive analogues, whereas another residue (Cys11) could be substituted without any significant impact on the affinity towards proteinase. On the other hand, elongation of the Cys3 side chain by introduction of Hcy did not affect inhibitory activity, and an analogue with the Hcy-Hcy disulfide bridge was more than twice as effective as the reference compound ([Phe⁵] SFTI-1) in inhibition of bovine α-chymotrypsin.
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36
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Kocsis A, Kékesi KA, Szász R, Végh BM, Balczer J, Dobó J, Závodszky P, Gál P, Pál G. Selective inhibition of the lectin pathway of complement with phage display selected peptides against mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-1 and -2: significant contribution of MASP-1 to lectin pathway activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4169-78. [PMID: 20817870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The complement system, an essential part of the innate immune system, can be activated through three distinct routes: the classical, the alternative, and the lectin pathways. The contribution of individual activation pathways to different biological processes can be assessed by using pathway-selective inhibitors. In this paper, we report lectin pathway-specific short peptide inhibitors developed by phage display against mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), MASP-1 and MASP-2. On the basis of the selected peptide sequences, two 14-mer peptides, designated as sunflower MASP inhibitor (SFMI)-1 and SFMI-2, were produced and characterized. SFMI-1 inhibits both MASP-1 and MASP-2 with a K(I) of 65 and 1030 nM, respectively, whereas SFMI-2 inhibits only MASP-2 with a K(I) of 180 nM. Both peptides block the lectin pathway activation completely while leaving the classical and the alternative routes intact and fully functional, demonstrating that of all complement proteases only MASP-1 and/or MASP-2 are inhibited by these peptides. In a C4 deposition inhibitor assay using preactivated MASP-2, SFMI-2 is 10-fold more effective than SFMI-1 in accordance with the fact that SFMI-2 is a more potent inhibitor of MASP-2. Surprisingly, however, out of the two peptides, SFMI-1 is much more effective in preventing C3 and C4 deposition when normal human serum containing zymogen MASPs is used. This suggests that MASP-1 has a crucial role in the initiation steps of lectin pathway activation most probably by activating MASP-2. Because the lectin pathway has been implicated in several life-threatening pathological states, these inhibitors should be considered as lead compounds toward developing lectin pathway blocking therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kocsis
- Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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37
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Colgrave ML, Korsinczky MJL, Clark RJ, Foley F, Craik DJ. Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1, proteolytic studies on a trypsin inhibitor peptide and its analogs. Biopolymers 2010; 94:665-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Łegowska A, Lesner A, Bulak E, Jaśkiewicz A, Sieradzan A, Cydzik M, Stefanowicz P, Szewczuk Z, Rolka K. Inhibitory activity of double-sequence analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 from sunflower seeds: an example of peptide splicing. FEBS J 2010; 277:2351-9. [PMID: 20412298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four 28-amino acid peptides were synthesized whose sequences comprised two molecules of trypsin inhibitor sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI-1) bound through a peptide bond. The peptides in their reactive positions (5 and 19 of the peptide chain) contain two Lys ([KK]BiSFTI-1) and two Phe ([FF]BiSFTI-1) residues, along with a combination of the amino acid residues named thereafter [KF]BiSFTI-1 and [FK]BiSFTI-1. Association constants of the analogues determined with trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively, indicated that they were potent inhibitors of cognate proteinases. An MS study of the associates revealed that incubation of the compounds with the proteinases resulted in cutting out a fragment of the peptide chain to restore the native monocyclic molecule of SFTI-1 or its analogue [Phe(5)]SFTI-1. This process, analogous to that of the DNA and protein splicing, can be referred to as 'peptide splicing'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łegowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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39
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Pereira HJV, Salgado MCO, Oliveira EB. Immobilized analogues of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 constitute a versatile group of affinity sorbents for selective isolation of serine proteases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2039-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Introduction of non-natural amino acid residues into the substrate-specific P1 position of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 yields potent chymotrypsin and cathepsin G inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3302-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Łęgowska A, Dębowski D, Lesner A, Wysocka M, Rolka K. Selection of peptomeric inhibitors of bovine α-chymotrypsin and cathepsin G based on trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 using a combinatorial chemistry approach. Mol Divers 2009; 14:51-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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César JJ, Santana MA, Oliveira ME, Santos AG, Miranda AAC, Santos AMC, Santoro MM, Andrade MHG. A New Extraction and Purification Methodology of Bowman-Birk Inhibitors from Seeds and Germinated Seeds of Macrotyloma axillare. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Accelerated evolution of small serum proteins (SSPs)—The PSP94 family proteins in a Japanese viper. Gene 2008; 426:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Peptomeric analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 isolated from sunflower seeds. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5644-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Zabłotna E, Jaśkiewicz A, Łegowska A, Miecznikowska H, Lesner A, Rolka K. Design of serine proteinase inhibitors by combinatorial chemistry using trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 as a starting structure. J Pept Sci 2008; 13:749-55. [PMID: 17828796 DOI: 10.1002/psc.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A small peptide library of monocyclic SFTI-1 trypsin inhibitor from sunflower seeds modified in positions P(1) and P(4)' was synthesized using a portioning-mixing method. The peptide library was deconvoluted by the iterative approach in solution. Two trypsin ([Met(9)]-SFTI-1 and [Arg(5), Abu(9)]-SFTI-1), one chymotrypsin ([Phe(5)]-SFTI-1) and one human elastase ([Leu(5), Trp(9)]-SFTI-1) inhibitors were selected and resynthesized. The values of their association equilibrium constants (K(a)) with target enzymes indicate that they are potent inhibitors. In addition, the last two analoges belong to the most active inhibitors of this size. The results obtained show that the conserved Pro(9) residue in the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI)s is not essential for inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Zabłotna
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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46
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Abstract
Extracellular plant peptides perform a large variety of functions, including signalling and defence. Intracellular peptides often have physiological functions or may merely be the products of general proteolysis. Plant peptides have been identified and, in part, functionally characterized through biochemical and genetic studies, which are lengthy and in some cases impractical. Peptidomics is a branch of proteomics that has been developed over the last 5 years, and has been used mainly to study neuropeptides in animals and the degradome of proteases. Peptidomics is a fast, efficient methodology that can detect minute and transient amounts of peptides and identify their post-translational modifications. This review describes known plant peptides and introduces the use of peptidomics for the detection of novel plant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Farrokhi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pajoohesh Blvd., Tehran-Karaj Highway, 17th Km., Tehran, Iran.
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47
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Thongyoo P, Roqué-Rosell N, Leatherbarrow RJ, Tate EW. Chemical and biomimetic total syntheses of natural and engineered MCoTI cyclotides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1462-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b801667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Yaliraki SN, Barahona M. Chemistry across scales: from molecules to cells. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:2921-34. [PMID: 17855216 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many important biological functions are strongly dependent on specific chemical interactions. Modelling how the physicochemical molecular details emerge at much larger scales is an active area of research, currently pursued with a variety of methods. We describe a series of theoretical and computational approaches that aim to derive bottom-up descriptions that capture the specificity that ensues from atomistic detail by extracting relevant features at the different scales. The multiscale models integrate the descriptions at different length and time scales by exploiting the idea of mechanical responses. The methodologies bring together concepts and tools developed in seemingly unrelated areas of mathematics such as algebraic geometry, model reduction, structural graph theory and non-convex optimization. We showcase the applicability of the framework with examples from protein engineering and enzyme catalysis, protein assembly, and with the description of lipid bilayers at different scales. Many challenges remain as it is clear that no single methodology will answer all questions in such multidimensional complex problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Yaliraki
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2PG, UK Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AY, UK.
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49
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Li P, Jiang S, Lee SL, Lin CY, Johnson MD, Dickson RB, Michejda CJ, Roller PP. Design and synthesis of novel and potent inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine protease, matriptase, based upon the sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5976-83. [PMID: 17985858 DOI: 10.1021/jm0704898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase, initially isolated from human breast cancer cells in culture, is a member of the emerging class of type II transmembrane serine proteases. Matriptase blockade could potentially modulate tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (1, SFTI-1), isolated from sunflower seeds, exhibits very potent matriptase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these findings, we designed and synthesized 13 analogues of the naturally occurring peptide 1 with the intention to explore the structure-activity relationships of this type of bicyclic peptides and to improve inhibitory selectivity and metabolic stability of the disulfide-bridge-containing peptide 1. We discovered that the methylenedithioether-bridged compound 14 demonstrates very potent binding affinity to matriptase. Compound 8 exhibits much better selectivity for inhibition of matriptase versus thrombin, whereas compound 2 becomes a more potent thrombin inhibitor, which can be potentially used as an anticoagulant for prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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50
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Conners R, Konarev AV, Forsyth J, Lovegrove A, Marsh J, Joseph-Horne T, Shewry P, Brady RL. An Unusual Helix-Turn-Helix Protease Inhibitory Motif in a Novel Trypsin Inhibitor from Seeds of Veronica (Veronica hederifolia L.). J Biol Chem 2007; 282:27760-8. [PMID: 17640870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703871200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The storage tissues of many plants contain protease inhibitors that are believed to play an important role in defending the plant from invasion by pests and pathogens. These proteinaceous inhibitor molecules belong to a number of structurally distinct families. We describe here the isolation, purification, initial inhibitory properties, and three-dimensional structure of a novel trypsin inhibitor from seeds of Veronica hederifolia (VhTI). The VhTI peptide inhibits trypsin with a submicromolar apparent K(i) and is expected to be specific for trypsin-like serine proteases. VhTI differs dramatically in structure from all previously described families of trypsin inhibitors, consisting of a helix-turn-helix motif, with the two alpha helices tightly associated by two disulfide bonds. Unusually, the crystallized complex is in the form of a stabilized acyl-enzyme intermediate with the scissile bond of the VhTI inhibitor cleaved and the resulting N-terminal portion of the inhibitor remaining attached to the trypsin catalytic serine 195 by an ester bond. A synthetic, truncated version of the VhTI peptide has also been produced and co-crystallized with trypsin but, surprisingly, is seen to be uncleaved and consequently forms a noncovalent complex with trypsin. The VhTI peptide shows that effective enzyme inhibitors can be constructed from simple helical motifs and provides a new scaffold on which to base the design of novel serine protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Conners
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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