1
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G Lopez C, Matsumoto A, Shen AQ. Dilute polyelectrolyte solutions: recent progress and open questions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2635-2687. [PMID: 38427030 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are a class of polymers possessing ionic groups on their repeating units. Since counterions can dissociate from the polymer backbone, polyelectrolyte chains are strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions. As a result, the physical properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are significantly different from those of electrically neutral polymers. The aim of this article is to highlight key results and some outstanding questions in the polyelectrolyte research from recent literature. We focus on the influence of electrostatics on conformational and hydrodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte chains. A compilation of experimental results from the literature reveals significant disparities with theoretical predictions. We also discuss a new class of polyelectrolytes called poly(ionic liquid)s that exhibit unique physical properties in comparison to ordinary polyelectrolytes. We conclude this review by listing some key research challenges in order to fully understand the conformation and dynamics of polyelectrolytes in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui City, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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2
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Li EG, Morenko EO, Zhavoronok ES, Panov AV, Kedik SA. Effect of the Molecular Mass of Hyaluronan on Its Thermophysical Properties and on Dynamic Viscosity of Its Aqueous Solutions. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Giubertoni G, Koenderink GH, Bakker HJ. Direct Observation of Intrachain Hydrogen Bonds in Aqueous Hyaluronan. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8220-8225. [PMID: 31478665 PMCID: PMC6767362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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We use two-dimensional
infrared spectroscopy to study the interactions
between the amide and carboxylate anion groups of hyaluronan polymers
at neutral pH. The spectra reveal the presence of intrachain hydrogen
bonds between the amide and carboxylate anion groups in aqueous solution.
We determine the relative orientation of the amide and carboxylate
anion groups when forming this hydrogen bond and quantify the fraction
of amide groups that participate in hydrogen bonding. We find that
a variation of the pH and/or temperature has a negligible effect on
this fraction, whereas the persistence length of the hyaluronan chains
and the associated viscosity of hyaluronan solutions are known to
change significantly. We conclude that the hydrogen bonding between
the amide and carboxylate anion groups does not significantly contribute
to the chain rigidity of hyaluronan polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF , Science Park 104 , 1098 XG Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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4
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Shurer CR, Kuo JCH, Roberts LM, Gandhi JG, Colville MJ, Enoki TA, Pan H, Su J, Noble JM, Hollander MJ, O'Donnell JP, Yin R, Pedram K, Möckl L, Kourkoutis LF, Moerner WE, Bertozzi CR, Feigenson GW, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Physical Principles of Membrane Shape Regulation by the Glycocalyx. Cell 2019; 177:1757-1770.e21. [PMID: 31056282 PMCID: PMC6768631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells bend their plasma membranes into highly curved forms to interact with the local environment, but how shape generation is regulated is not fully resolved. Here, we report a synergy between shape-generating processes in the cell interior and the external organization and composition of the cell-surface glycocalyx. Mucin biopolymers and long-chain polysaccharides within the glycocalyx can generate entropic forces that favor or disfavor the projection of spherical and finger-like extensions from the cell surface. A polymer brush model of the glycocalyx successfully predicts the effects of polymer size and cell-surface density on membrane morphologies. Specific glycocalyx compositions can also induce plasma membrane instabilities to generate more exotic undulating and pearled membrane structures and drive secretion of extracellular vesicles. Together, our results suggest a fundamental role for the glycocalyx in regulating curved membrane features that serve in communication between cells and with the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Jay G Gandhi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Thais A Enoki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hao Pan
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jade M Noble
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael J Hollander
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John P O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rose Yin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - W E Moerner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald W Feigenson
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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5
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Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a key component of the microenvironment surrounding cells. In healthy tissues, HA molecules have extremely high molecular mass and consequently large hydrodynamic volumes. Tethered to the cell surface by clustered receptor proteins, HA molecules crowd each other, as well as other macromolecular species. This leads to severe nonideality in physical properties of the biomatrix, because steric exclusion leads to an increase in effective concentration of the macromolecules. The excluded volume depends on both polymer concentration and hydrodynamic volume/molecular mass. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, tissue hydration, receptor clustering, and receptor-ligand interactions are strongly affected by the presence of HA and by its molecular mass. In inflammation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species fragment the HA chains. Depending on the rate of chain degradation relative to the rates of new synthesis and removal of damaged chains, short fragments of the HA molecules can be present at significant levels. Not only are the physical properties of the extracellular matrix affected, but the HA fragments decluster their primary receptors and act as endogenous danger signals. Bioanalytical methods to isolate and quantify HA fragments have been developed to determine profiles of HA content and size in healthy and diseased biological fluids and tissues. These methods have potential use in medical diagnostic tests. Therapeutic agents that modulate signaling by HA fragments show promise in wound healing and tissue repair without fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Oelschlaeger C, Bossler F, Willenbacher N. Synthesis, Structural and Micromechanical Properties of 3D Hyaluronic Acid-Based Cryogel Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:580-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oelschlaeger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Bossler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Willenbacher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Oelschlaeger C, Cota Pinto Coelho M, Willenbacher N. Chain Flexibility and Dynamics of Polysaccharide Hyaluronan in Entangled Solutions: A High Frequency Rheology and Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy Study. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3689-96. [DOI: 10.1021/bm4010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oelschlaeger
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Cota Pinto Coelho
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Willenbacher
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Imae T, Hamaguchi SI. Network of sodium hyaluronate with nano-knots junction of poly(amido amine) dendrimer. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Kim JH, Kim JW, Chung BH. Enzymatic tailoring for precise control of plasmonic resonance absorbance of gold nanoparticle assemblies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:335-40. [PMID: 21621790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report an enzymatic method to control the plasmon resonance absorbance of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays assembled on hyaluronic acids. While multiple electrostatic interactions between cysteamine on the AuNPs and the carboxylic acid residues in the whole intact hyaluronic acid induced the formation of large aggregates, precise control of the plasmon absorbance was possible by tailoring the size of the bio-polymeric templates with hyaluronidase, almost over the entire range of the resonant coupling wavelengths. It was possible to precisely tune the position of the second plasmon absorbance by manipulating the amount of the template and the enzymatic hydrolysis time. Finally, we were able to produce a chain-like array of AuNPs, which was nearly one dimensional, with a maximum shift of up to 189 nm in the plasmon absorbance at the optimal hydrolysis time of the templates. This enzymatic method can be used as a useful tool to tailor the plasmonic properties of the nanostructures required for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Hyun Kim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
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10
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11
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Preparation and characterization of molecular weight fractions of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Thelenata ananas using free radical depolymerization. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Bezáková Z, Hermannová M, Dřímalová E, Malovíková A, Ebringerová A, Velebný V. Effect of microwave irradiation on the molecular and structural properties of hyaluronan. Carbohydr Polym 2008; 73:640-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Salomäki M, Kankare J. Modeling the Growth Processes of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Using a Quartz Crystal Resonator. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8509-19. [PMID: 17388460 DOI: 10.1021/jp067344h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer buildup of chitosan/hyaluronan (CH/HA) and poly(l-lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA) multilayers was followed on a quartz crystal resonator (QCR) in different ionic strengths and at different temperatures. These polyelectrolytes were chosen to demonstrate the method whereby useful information is retrieved from acoustically thick polymer layers during their buildup. Surface acoustic impedance recorded in these measurements gives a single or double spiral when plotted in the complex plane. The shape of this spiral depends on the viscoelasticity of the layer material and regularity of the growth process. The polymer layer is assumed to consist of one or two zones. A mathematical model was devised to represent the separation of the layer to two zones with different viscoelastic properties. Viscoelastic quantities of the layer material and the mode and parameters of the growth process were acquired by fitting a spiral to the experimental data. In all the cases the growth process was mainly exponential as a function of deposition cycles, the growth exponent being between 0.250 and 0.275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Salomäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
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14
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Abstract
Studies of the polysaccharide hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) started more than a century ago in Uppsala. This article describes the general development of hyaluronan research from an Uppsala point of view and is thus strongly biased. The readers are referred to other reviews for a more objective description of the history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torvard C Laurent
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Chabreček P, Šoltés L, Kállay Z, Fügedi A. Isolation and characterisation of high molecular weight [3H]hyaluronic acid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580281003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Cowman MK, Matsuoka S. Experimental approaches to hyaluronan structure. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:791-809. [PMID: 15780246 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A review of the literature describing experimental studies on hyaluronan (HA) is presented. Methods sensitive to the hydrodynamic properties of HA, analyzed in neutral aqueous solution containing NaCl at physiological concentration, can be shown to fit the expected behavior of a high molecular weight linear semi-flexible polymer. The significant nonideality of HA solutions can be predicted by a simple treatment for hydrodynamic interactions between polymer chains. Nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism studies of HA are also in agreement with a model incorporating dynamically formed and broken hydrogen bonds, contributing to the semi-flexibility of the polymer chain, and segmental motions on the nanosecond time scale. HA shows the capability for self-association in the formation of a viscoelastic putty state at pH 2.5 in the presence of salt, and a gel state at pH 2.5 in mixed organic/aqueous solution containing salt. Ordered and associated structures have also been observed for HA on the surfaces, especially in the presence of surface-structured water. These phenomena can be understood in terms of counterion-mediated polyelectrolyte interactions. The possibility that hyaluronan exists in vivo in environments that induce ordered structures and assemblies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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17
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Colebrooke SA, Blundell CD, DeAngelis PL, Campbell ID, Almond A. Exploiting the carboxylate chemical shift to resolve degenerate resonances in spectra of 13C-labelled glycosaminoglycans. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:805-15. [PMID: 15996005 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are important vertebrate extracellular matrix polysaccharides that comprise repeated units of an acidic and an N-acetylated sugar. The constituent acidic sugars are central to their biological functions, but have been largely inaccessible to NMR because the (1)H resonances overlap with those from other residues. Here, pulse sequences that address this failure are developed using (13)C-enriched oligosaccharides of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan, as model systems. Two pulse sequences are presented that exploit the unique chemical shifts and scalar couplings present at the carboxylate moiety to filter out coherences from the N-acetylated sugars and produce simple spectra containing only resonances from the acidic sugars. The first sequence uses one-bond couplings to correlate the carboxylate carbon with the adjacent carbon and its directly attached proton, while the second sequence exploits a long-range coupling to correlate the carboxylate carbon with the anomeric proton and carbon of the same residue. In addition, inclusion of an isotropic mixing block into these sequences allows resonances from the otherwise degenerate ring protons to be resolved. Spectra from the hyaluronan tetra- and hexasaccharides show that all glucuronic acid (GlcA) residues can be resolved from one another, allowing nuclei to be assigned in a sequence-specific manner. However, in some spectra, resonances are observed at positions not predicted by spin-operator analysis, and simulations reveal that these additional magnetisation transfers result from strong-coupling. These experiments represent a foundation from which new structural and biochemical information can be obtained in a sequence-specific manner for the acidic sugar residues in hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Colebrooke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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18
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Spagnoli C, Korniakov A, Ulman A, Balazs EA, Lyubchenko YL, Cowman MK. Hyaluronan conformations on surfaces: effect of surface charge and hydrophobicity. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:929-41. [PMID: 15780258 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extended, relaxed, condensed, and interacting forms of the polysaccharide hyaluronan have been observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The types of images obtained depend on the properties of the surfaces used. We have investigated several different surface conditions for HA imaging, including unmodified mica, mica chemically modified with two different kinds of amino-terminated silanes (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride), and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. We found the degree of HA molecular extension or condensation to be variable, and the number of bound chains per unit area was low, for all of the mica-based surfaces. HA was more easily imaged on graphite, a hydrophobic surface. Chains were frequently observed in high degrees of extension, maintained by favorable interaction with the surface after molecular combing. This observation suggests that the HA macromolecule interacts with graphite through hydrophobic patches along its surface. AFM studies of HA behavior on differing surfaces under well-controlled environmental conditions provides useful insight into the variety of conformations and interactions likely to be found under differing physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Spagnoli
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, 6 Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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19
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Furlan S, La Penna G, Perico A, Cesàro A. Hyaluronan chain conformation and dynamics. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:959-70. [PMID: 15780260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the present state of research in the field of hyaluronan chain conformational aspects is presented. The relationship between structure and dynamics are illustrated for a series of hyaluronan oligomers. Conformational characteristics of hyaluronan chains are discussed, together with the dynamic chain patterns, evaluated by using a theoretical approach to diffusive polymer dynamics. The dependence of correlation times and NMR relaxation parameters from the chain dimension are investigated. Topological features and dimensional properties are related to the structural determinants by using classical computational methods of molecular mechanics and Monte Carlo simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Furlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, UdR INSTM, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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20
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Cowman MK, Spagnoli C, Kudasheva D, Li M, Dyal A, Kanai S, Balazs EA. Extended, relaxed, and condensed conformations of hyaluronan observed by atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2004; 88:590-602. [PMID: 15489305 PMCID: PMC1305036 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.049361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformation of the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) has been investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy in air. HA deposited on a prehydrated mica surface favored an extended conformation, attributed to molecular combing and inhibition of subsequent chain recoil by adhesion to the structured water layer covering the surface. HA deposited on freshly cleaved mica served as a defect in a partially structured water layer, and favored relaxed, weakly helical, coiled conformations. Intramolecularly condensed forms of HA were also observed, ranging from pearl necklace forms to thick rods. The condensation is attributed to weak adhesion to the mica surface, counterion-mediated attractive electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes, and hydration effects. Intermolecular association of both extended and condensed forms of HA was observed to result in the formation of networks and twisted fibers, in which the chain direction is not necessarily parallel to the fiber direction. Whereas the relaxed coil and partially condensed conformations of HA are relevant to the native structure of liquid connective tissues, fully condensed rods may be more relevant for HA tethered to a cell surface or intracellular HA, and fibrous forms may be relevant for HA subjected to shear flow in tight intercellular spaces or in protein-HA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Cowman
- Othmer Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences and Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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21
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Dondos A. Treating the polyelectrolytes as polymers with a draining effect. I. The statistical segment length. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Mendichi R, Soltés L, Giacometti Schieroni A. Evaluation of Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Viscosity Molar Mass Dependence and Stiffness of Hyaluronan. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:1805-10. [PMID: 14606912 DOI: 10.1021/bm0342178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nine hyaluronan (HA) samples were fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography, and molar mass (M), radius of gyration (Rg), and intrinsic viscosity ([eta]) were measured in 0.15 M NaCl at 37 degrees C by on-line multiangle light scattering and viscometer detectors. Using such method, we investigated the Rg and [eta] molar mass dependence for HA over a very wide range of molar masses: M ranging from 4 x 10(4) to 5.5 x 10(6) g/mol. The Rg and the [eta] molar mass dependence found for HA showed a meaningful difference. The Rg = f(M) power law was substantially linear in the whole range of molar masses explored with a constant slope of 0.6. In contrast, the [eta] = f(M) power law (Mark-Houwink-Sakurada plot) showed a marked curve shape, and a linear regression over the whole range of molar masses does not make sense. Also the persistence length (stiffness) for HA was estimated. The persistence length derived by using both the Odijk's model (7.5 nm from Rg vs M data) and the Bohdanecky's plot (6.8 nm from [eta] vs M data) were quite similar. These persistence length values are congruent with a semistiff conformation of HA macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniero Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (CNR), Via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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23
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Kayitmazer AB, Seyrek E, Dubin PL, Staggemeier BA. Influence of Chain Stiffness on the Interaction of Polyelectrolytes with Oppositely Charged Micelles and Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Kayitmazer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana−Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - E. Seyrek
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana−Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - P. L. Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana−Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - B. A. Staggemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana−Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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24
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Imae T, Hirota T, Funayama K, Aoi K, Okada M. Binding of poly(amido amine) dendrimer to sodium hyaluronate in aqueous NaCl solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 263:306-11. [PMID: 12804916 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Binding of poly(amido amine) dendrimer to sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) in aqueous 0.25 M NaCl solution has been investigated by static light scattering. It was observed that the apparent weight-average molecular weight and the radius of gyration increase with the ratio of NH(2) terminal groups in the dendrimer to the carboxylate groups in the NaHA, [NH(2)]/[COO(-)]. Up to [NH(2)]/[COO(-)]=31, the observed variation of molecular weight was reproduced by the "average binding" model, where an average number of dendrimers binds to each NaHA chain. Based on the "critical binding" model, the maximum number, n(max), of dendrimers which can bind to a NaHA chain was calculated to be n(max)=300 for a solution of [NH(2)]/[COO(-)]=56. The obtained value corresponds to the binding of one dendrimer per 1.5 repeating units on a NaHA chain. It is suggested from the observed radius of gyration that, while the dendrimer-NaHA complexes of [NH(2)]/[COO(-)] up to 5 maintain a wormlike character similar to NaHA without bound dendrimers, those of [NH(2)]/[COO(-)] above 10 behave like rigid rods. It is concluded that the hydrogen-bonding interaction, besides the electrostatic interaction, should play an important role in the formation of the NaHA-dendrimer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoko Imae
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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Mendichi R, Giacometti Schieroni A. Fractionation and characterization of ultra-high molar mass hyaluronan: 2. On-line size exclusion chromatography methods. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Fischer E, Callaghan PT, Heatley F, Scott JE. Shear flow affects secondary and tertiary structures in hyaluronan solution as shown by rheo-NMR. J Mol Struct 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cavalieri F, Chiessi E, Paci M, Paradossi G, Flaibani A, Cesàro A. Conformational Dynamics of Hyaluronan in Solution. 1. A 13C NMR Study of Oligomers. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001076i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cavalieri
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E. Chiessi
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Paci
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Paradossi
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Flaibani
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Cesàro
- Department of Chemistry Science and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-II, 00133 Rome, Italy; Section B of I.N.F.M. Roma-I, 00185 Rome, Italy; POLY-tech, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy; and Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Cowman MK, Feder-Davis J, Hittner DM. 13C NMR Studies of Hyaluronan. 2. Dependence of Conformational Dynamics on Chain Length and Solvent. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Cowman
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Joan Feder-Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
| | - Daniel M. Hittner
- Department of Chemistry and Herman F. Mark Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201
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Almond A, Brass A, Sheehan JK. Oligosaccharides as Model Systems for Understanding Water−Biopolymer Interaction: Hydrated Dynamics of a Hyaluronan Decamer. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000402t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Almond
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - A. Brass
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - J. K. Sheehan
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Gribbon P, Heng BC, Hardingham TE. The molecular basis of the solution properties of hyaluronan investigated by confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Biophys J 1999; 77:2210-6. [PMID: 10512840 PMCID: PMC1300501 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)77061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a highly hydrated polyanion, which is a network-forming and space-filling component in the extracellular matrix of animal tissues. Confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (confocal-FRAP) was used to investigate intramolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions in hyaluronan solutions. Self and tracer lateral diffusion coefficients within hyaluronan solutions were measured over a wide range of concentrations (c), with varying electrolyte and at neutral and alkaline pH. The free diffusion coefficient of fluoresceinamine-labeled HA of 500 kDa in PBS was 7.9 x 10(-8) cm(2) s(-1) and of 830 kDa HA was 5.6 x 10(-8) cm(2) s(-1). Reductions in self- and tracer-diffusion with c followed a stretched exponential model. Electrolyte-induced polyanion coil contraction and destiffening resulted in a 2.8-fold increase in self-diffusion between 0 and 100 mM NaCl. Disruption of hydrogen bonds by strong alkali (0.5 M NaOH) resulted in further larger increases in self- and tracer-diffusion coefficients, consistent with a more dynamic and permeable network. Concentrated hyaluronan solution properties were attributed to hydrodynamic and entanglement interactions between domains. There was no evidence of chain-chain associations. At physiological electrolyte concentration and pH, the greatest contribution to the intrinsic stiffness of hyaluronan appeared to be due to hydrogen bonds between adjacent saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gribbon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Takahashi R, Kubota K, Kawada M, Okamoto A. Effect of molecular weight distribution on the solution properties of sodium hyaluronate in 0.2M NaCl solution. Biopolymers 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(199907)50:1<87::aid-bip8>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lapcík L Jr and L, Lapcík L, De Smedt S, Demeester J, Chabrecek P. Hyaluronan: Preparation, Structure, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 1998; 98:2663-2684. [PMID: 11848975 DOI: 10.1021/cr941199z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mendichi R, Schieroni AG, Grassi C, Re A. Characterization of ultra-high molar mass hyaluronan: 1. Off-line static methods. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Almond A, Brass A, Sheehan JK. Dynamic exchange between stabilized conformations predicted for hyaluronan tetrasaccharides: comparison of molecular dynamics simulations with available NMR data. Glycobiology 1998; 8:973-80. [PMID: 9719678 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/8.10.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the hyaluronan (HA) tetrasaccharides are important for understanding hydrogen-bonding in the HA polymer, as they are probably the smallest oligomers in which characteristics of the constituent monosaccharides and the polymer are simultaneously exhibited. Here we present extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the two tetrasaccharides of HA in dilute aqueous solution. These simulations have confirmed the existence of intramolecular hydrogen-bonds between the neighboring sugar residues of HA in solution, as proposed by Scott (1989). However, our simulations predict that these intramolecular hydrogen-bonds are not static as previously proposed, but are in constant dynamic exchange on the sub-nanosecond time-scale. This process results in discrete internal motion of the HA tetrasaccharides where they rapidly move between low energy conformations. Specific interactions between water and intramolecular hydrogen-bonds involving the hydroxymethyl group were found to result in differing conformations and dynamics for the two alternative tetrasaccharides of HA. This new observation suggests that this residue may play a key role in the entropy and stability of HA in solution, allowing it to stay soluble up to high concentration. The vicinal coupling constants3 J NHCH of the acetamido groups have been calculated from our aqueous simulations of HA. We found that high values of 3J NHCH approximately 8 Hz, as experimentally measured for HA, are consistent with mixtures of both trans and cis conformations, and thus3 J NHCH cannot be used to imply a purely trans conformation of the acetamido. The rapid exchange of intramolecular hydrogen-bonds indicates that although the structure is at any moment stabilized by these hydrogen-bonds, no one hydrogen-bond exists for an extended period of time. This could explain why NMR often fails to provide evidence for intramolecular hydrogen-bonds in HA and other aqueous carbohydrate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almond
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Hayashi K, Tsutsumi K, Norisuye T, Teramoto A. Electrostatic Contributions to Chain Stiffness and Excluded-Volume Effects in Sodium Hyaluronate Solutions. Polym J 1996. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.28.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Norisuye T, Tsuboi A, Teramoto A. Remarks on Excluded-Volume Effects in Semiflexible Polymer Solutions. Polym J 1996. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.28.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Soltés L, Mislovicová D, Sébille B. Insight into the distribution of molecular weights and higher-order structure of hyaluronans and some beta-(1 --> 3)-glucans by size exclusion chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 1996; 10:53-9. [PMID: 8924726 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199603)10:2<53::aid-bmc552>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high energy ultrasound and slightly raised temperature combined with the denaturing action of dimethylsulphoxide on the molecular weight and higher-order structure of hyaluronans and some beta-(1 --> 3)-glucans were studied by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) technique. Some experimental conditions connected with the (bio-)polymer sample preparation prior to its SEC analysis are overviewed in the light of informational relevance of studies where the action of a physical and/or chemical agent changes the hydrodynamic size of the m omolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soltés
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Cowman MK, Hittner DM, Feder-Davis J. 13C-NMR Studies of Hyaluronan: Conformational Sensitivity to Varied Environments†. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma951701x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Hydrodynamics provides a powerful complementary role to the traditional "high resolution" techniques for the investigation of macromolecular conformation, especially in dilute solution, conditions which are generally inaccessible to other structural techniques. This paper describes the state of art of hydrodynamic representations for macromolecular conformation, in terms of (1) simple but straightforward ellipsoid of revolution modelling; (2) general triaxial ellipsoid modelling; (3) hydrodynamic bead modelling; (4) the ability, especially for polydisperse macromolecular systems, to distinguish between various conformation types; (5) analysis of macromolecular flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Harding
- University of Nottingham, School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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Shimada E, Nakamura KT. Determination of Stokes radii and molecular masses of sodium hyaluronates by Sephacryl gel chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Terbojevich M, Cosani A, Focher B, Marsano E. High-performance gel-permeation chromatography of chitosan samples. Carbohydr Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84008-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shimada E, Matsumura G. Determination of Stokes radii and molecular masses of sodium hyaluronates by Sepharose gel chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)87185-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Rinaudo M. On the abnormal exponents a? and aD in Mark Houwink type equations for wormlike chain polysaccharides. Polym Bull (Berl) 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Chabreček P, Šoltés L, Kállay Z, Novák I. Gel permeation chromatographic characterization of sodium hyaluronate and its fractions prepared by ultrasonic degradation. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02274547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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