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Theerasilp M, Chalermpanapun P, Sunintaboon P, Sungkarat W, Nasongkla N. Glucose-installed biodegradable polymeric micelles for cancer-targeted drug delivery system: synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:177. [PMID: 30506149 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism of cancer can be used as a strategy to target cancer cells which exhibit altered glycolytic rate. The facilitated glucose transporter (Glut) plays an important role in enhancement glycolytic rate resulting in increased glucose uptake into cancer cells. 18FGD-PET image is an example for using Glut as a targeting to diagnose the high glycolytic rate of tumor. Thus, Glut may be adapted to target cancer cells for drug delivery system. Herein, biodegradation polymeric micelles target cancer cells by Glut was fabricated. The amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) was synthesized where terminal group of the PEG chain was installed with glucose molecules. The 1H-NMR confirmed the existence of glucose moiety from two distinct peaks (5.2 and 4.7 ppm) of protons at anomeric carbon of glucose. Glucose-PEG-b-PCL spontaneously forms micelles in an aqueous solution. The size and zeta potential were 22 nm and -7 mv, respectively. Glucose-micelles have high stability, and no evidence of cytotoxicity was found after incubation for 7 days. Doxorubicin, used as a fluorescent probe, was loaded into glucose-micelles. The enhanced amount of doxorubicin as a result of glucose-micelles in PC-3, MCF-7 and HepG2 was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer. Glucose molecules on the surface of micelles increased internalization and enhanced uptake of micelles via bypassing endocytosis pathway. These results show the use of glucose as a targeting ligand on the micelle surface to target cancer cells via Glut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Theerasilp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Punlop Chalermpanapun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Panya Sunintaboon
- Department of Chemistry, Mahidol University, Nakorn patom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Witaya Sungkarat
- Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mahidol University, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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2
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Pillai MM, Gopinathan J, Selvakumar R, Bhattacharyya A. Human Knee Meniscus Regeneration Strategies: a Review on Recent Advances. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:224-235. [PMID: 29663192 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lack of vascularity in the human knee meniscus often leads to surgical removal (total or partial meniscectomy) in the case of severe meniscal damage. However, complete recovery is in question after such removal as the meniscus plays an important role in knee stability. Thus, meniscus tissue regeneration strategies are of intense research interest in recent years. RECENT FINDINGS The structural complexity and inhomogeneity of the meniscus have been addressed with processing technologies for precisely controlled three dimensional (3D) complex porous scaffold architectures, the use of biomolecules and nanomaterials. The regeneration and replacement of the total meniscus have been studied by the orthopedic and scientific communities via successful pre-clinical trials towards mimicking the biomechanical properties of the human knee meniscus. Researchers have attempted different regeneration strategies which contribute to in vitro regeneration and are capable of repairing meniscal tears to some extent. This review discusses the present state of the art of these meniscus tissue engineering aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha M Pillai
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - J Gopinathan
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Nanoscience and Technology Lab, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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3
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Current Therapeutic Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8490489. [PMID: 29765426 PMCID: PMC5889878 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8490489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cartilage destruction in the diarthrodial joint is progressive and irreversible. This destruction is extremely difficult to manage and frustrates researchers, clinicians, and patients. Patients often take medication to control their pain. Surgery is usually performed when pain becomes uncontrollable or joint function completely fails. There is an unmet clinical need for a regenerative strategy to treat cartilage defect without surgery due to the lack of a suitable regenerative strategy. Clinicians and scientists have tried to address this using stem cells, which have a regenerative potential in various tissues. Cartilage may be an ideal target for stem cell treatment because it has a notoriously poor regenerative potential. In this review, we describe past, present, and future strategies to regenerate cartilage in patients. Specifically, this review compares a surgical regenerative technique (microfracture) and cell therapy, cell therapy with and without a scaffold, and therapy with nonaggregated and aggregated cells. We also review the chondrogenic potential of cells according to their origin, including autologous chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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4
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Rai V, Dilisio MF, Dietz NE, Agrawal DK. Recent strategies in cartilage repair: A systemic review of the scaffold development and tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2343-2354. [PMID: 28387995 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis results in irreparable loss of articular cartilage. Due to its avascular nature and low mitotic activity, cartilage has little intrinsic capacity for repair. Cartilage loss leads to pain, physical disability, movement restriction, and morbidity. Various treatment strategies have been proposed for cartilage regeneration, but the optimum treatment is yet to be defined. Tissue engineering with engineered constructs aimed towards developing a suitable substrate may help in cartilage regeneration by providing the mechanical, biological and chemical support to the cells. The use of scaffold as a substrate to support the progenitor cells or autologous chondrocytes has given promising results. Leakage of cells, poor cell survival, poor cell differentiation, inadequate integration into the host tissue, incorrect distribution of cells, and dedifferentiation of the normal cartilage are the common problems in tissue engineering. Current research is focused on improving mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffold to make it more efficient. The aim of this review is to provide a critical discussion on existing challenges, scaffold type and properties, and an update on ongoing recent developments in the architecture and composition of scaffold to enhance the proliferation and viability of mesenchymal stem cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2343-2354, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Matthew F Dilisio
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
- Department of Orthopedics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Nicholas E Dietz
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
- Department of Pathology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178
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5
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Fan H, Liu H, Zhu R, Li X, Cui Y, Hu Y, Yan Y. Comparison of Chondral Defects Repair with In Vitro and In Vivo Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2017; 16:823-32. [PMID: 18088002 DOI: 10.3727/000000007783465181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare chondral defects repair with in vitro and in vivo differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A novel PLGA-gelatin/chondroitin/hyaluronate (PLGA-GCH) hybrid scaffold with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-impregnated microspheres (MS-TGF) was fabricated to mimic the extracellular matrix. MS-TGF showed an initial burst release (22.5%) and a subsequent moderate one that achieved 85.1% on day 21. MSCs seeded on PLGA-GCH/MS-TGF or PLGA-GCH were incubated in vitro and showed that PLGA-GCH/MS-TGF significantly augmented proliferation of MSCs and glycosaminoglycan synthesis compared with PLGA-GCH. Then MSCs seeded on PLGA-GCH/MS-TGF were implanted and differentiated in vivo to repair chondral defect on the right knee of rabbit (in vivo differentiation repair group), while the contralateral defect was repaired with in vitro differentiated MSCs seeded on PLGA-GCH (in vitro differentiation repair group). The histology observation demonstrated that in vivo differentiation repair showed better chondrocyte morphology, integration, and subchondral bone formation compared with in vitro differentiation repair 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively, although there was no significant difference after 6 weeks. The histology grading score comparison also demonstrated the same results. The present study implies that in vivo differentiation induced by PLGA-GCH/MS-TGF and the host microenviroment could keep chondral phenotype and enhance repair. It might serve as another way to induce and expand seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Fan
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Research Institute of Polymer Material, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Engineering, Military Engineering University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuming Cui
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunyu Hu
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yongnian Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Qiao JB, Jang Y, Fan QQ, Chang SH, Xing L, Cui PF, He YJ, Lee S, Hwang S, Cho MH, Jiang HL. Aerosol delivery of biocompatible dihydroergotamine-loaded PLGA-PSPE polymeric micelles for efficient lung cancer therapy. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Safe and efficient drug delivery systems have received great attention for cancer therapy due to their enhanced cancer-targeting efficiency and reduced undesirable side effects.
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7
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Qiao S, Zhao Y, Geng S, Li Y, Hou X, Liu Y, Lin FH, Yao L, Tian W. A novel double-targeted nondrug delivery system for targeting cancer stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6667-6678. [PMID: 27994463 PMCID: PMC5154727 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Instead of killing cancer stem cells (CSCs), the conventional chemotherapy used for cancer treatment promotes the enrichment of CSCs, which are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. However, most therapeutic agents are only able to kill a small proportion of CSCs by targeting one or two cell surface markers or dysregulated CSC pathways, which are usually shared with normal stem cells (NSCs). In this study, we developed a novel nondrug delivery system for the dual targeting of CSCs by conjugating hyaluronic acid (HA) and grafting the doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) monoclonal antibody to the surface of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which can specifically target CD44 receptors and the DCLK1 surface marker – the latter was shown to possess the capacity to distinguish between CSCSs and NSCs. The size and morphology of these NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was followed by studies of NP encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release properties. Then, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was tested via Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Finally, the 4T1 CSCs were obtained from the alginate-based platform, which we developed as an in vitro tumor model. Tumor-bearing nude mice were used as in vivo models to systematically detect the ability of NPs to target CSCs. Our results showed that the DCLK1–HA–PEG–PLGA NPs exhibited a targeting effect toward CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. These findings have important implications for the rational design of drug delivery systems that target CSCs with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Qiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Yufang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Shuai Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Xiaolu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology; Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Lifen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology
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8
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Nietzold C, Dietrich P, Lippitz A, Panne U, Unger W. Cyclodextrin - ferrocene host - guest complexes on silicon oxide surfaces. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nietzold
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87; Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - P. M. Dietrich
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87; Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - A. Lippitz
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87; Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - U. Panne
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87; Berlin 12205 Germany
| | - W. E. S. Unger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Unter den Eichen 87; Berlin 12205 Germany
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9
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Park GH, Kang MS, Knowles JC, Gong MS. Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatible properties of alanine-grafted chitosan copolymers. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1350-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215626892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome major problems regarding the lack of affinity to solvents and limited reactivity of the free amines of chitosan, introduction of appropriate spacer arms having terminal amine function is considered of interest. L-Alanine- N-carboxyanhydride was grafted onto chitosan via anionic ring-opening polymerization. The chemical and structural characterizations of L-alanine-grafted chitosan ( Ala-g-Cts) were confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). In addition, the viscoelastic properties of Ala-g-Cts were examined by means of a rotational viscometer, and thermal analysis was carried out with a thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry. Morphological changes in the chitosan L-alanine moiety were determined by x-ray diffraction. To determine the feasibility of using these films as biomedical materials, we investigated the effects of their L-alanine content on physical and mechanical properties. The biodegradation results of crosslinked Ala-g-Cts films were evaluated in phosphate-buffered solution containing lysozyme at 37℃. Proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on crosslinked Ala-g-Cts films was also investigated with use of the CCK-8 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Han Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sil Kang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Myoung-Seon Gong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wei J, Lu J, Liu Y, Yan S, Li X. Spheroid culture of primary hepatocytes with short fibers as a predictable in vitro model for drug screening. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7155-7167. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Short fibers are utilized as scaffolds for generation of size-controlled hepatocyte spheroids, exhibiting an efficient in vitro model for determining drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Jinfu Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Shili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
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11
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Zhao L, Chen Y, Yuan J, Chen M, Zhang H, Li X. Electrospun fibrous mats with conjugated tetraphenylethylene and mannose for sensitive turn-on fluorescent sensing of Escherichia coli. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5177-5186. [PMID: 25692401 DOI: 10.1021/am507593p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive detection of microbes in water and biological fluids is a key requirement in water and food safety, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the current study, electrospun polystyrene-co-maleic anhydride (PSMA) fibers with conjugated mannose and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) were developed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection, taking advantage of the high grafting capabilities of ultrafine fibers and the highly porous structure of the fibrous mat to entrap bacterial cells. The specific binding between mannose grafts on PSMA fibers and FimH proteins from the fimbriae of E. coli led to an efficient "turn-on" profile of TPE due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Poly(ethylene glycol) diamine was used as hydrophilic tethers to increase the conformational mobility of mannose grafts, indicating a more sensitive change in the fluorescence intensity against bacteria concentrations, a lower fluorescence background of fibers without bacteria incubation, and a sufficient space for bacteria binding, compared with the use of hexamethylenediamine or poly(ethylene imine) as spacers for mannose grafting. The addition of bovine serum albumin, glucose, or both of them into bacteria suspensions showed no significant changes in the fluorescence intensity of fibrous mats, indicating the anti-interference capability against these proteins and saccharides. An equation was drafted of the fluorescence intensities of fibrous mats against E. coli concentrations ranging from 10(2) to 10(5) CFU/mL. The test strip format was established on mannose-conjugated PSMA fibers after exposure to E. coli of different concentrations, providing a potential tool with a visual sensitivity of bacteria concentrations as low as 10(2) CFU/mL in a matter of minutes. This strategy may offer a capacity to be expanded to exploit electrospun fibrous mats and other carbohydrate-cell interactions for bioanalysis and biosensing of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
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12
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Gopinathan J, Mano S, Elakkiya V, Pillai MM, Sahanand KS, Rai BKD, Selvakumar R, Bhattacharyya A. Biomolecule incorporated poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced human meniscal cell attachment and proliferation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecule incorporated PCL nanofibrous scaffolds supporting meniscal cell attachment and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gopinathan
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - Steffie Mano
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - V. Elakkiya
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - Mamatha M. Pillai
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - K. Santosh Sahanand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Ortho One Orthopaedic Speciality Centre
- Coimbatore-641005
- India
| | - B. K. Dinakar Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics
- PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - R. Selvakumar
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Textile and Polymer Research Laboratory
- PSG Institute of Advanced Studies
- Coimbatore-641004
- India
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13
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Ahmed A, Yu H, Han D, Rao J, Ding Y, Hu Y. Spatiotemporally Programmable Surface Engineered Nanoparticles for Effective Anticancer Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1652-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ahmed
- Institute of Materials Engineering; National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Yu
- Institute of Materials Engineering; National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China
| | - Dingwang Han
- Hainan WeiKang Pharmaceutical (Qianshan) Co. Ltd.; Anqing 246300 P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Rao
- Hainan WeiKang Pharmaceutical (Qianshan) Co. Ltd.; Anqing 246300 P. R. China
| | - Yin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Materials Engineering; National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 P. R. China
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14
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Abstract
Liver extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, topography and biomechanical properties influence cell-matrix interactions. The ECM presents guiding cues for hepatocyte phenotype maintenance, differentiation and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Current understanding of such cell-guiding cues along with advancement of techniques for scaffold fabrication has led to evolution of matrices for liver tissue culture from simple porous scaffolds to more complex 3D matrices with microarchitecture similar to in vivo. Natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials fabricated in different topographies and porous matrices have been used for hepatocyte culture. Heterotypic and homotypic cell interactions are necessary for developing an adult liver as well as an artificial liver. A high oxygen demand of hepatocytes as well as graded oxygen distribution in liver is another challenging attribute of the normal liver architecture that further adds to the complexity of engineered substrate design. A balanced interplay of cell-matrix interactions along with cell-cell interactions and adequate supply of oxygen and nutrient determines the success of an engineered substrate for liver cells. Techniques devised to incorporate these features of hepatic function and mimic liver architecture range from maintaining liver cells in mm-sized tailor-made scaffolds to a more bottoms up approach that starts from building the microscopic subunit of the whole tissue. In this review, we discuss briefly various biomaterials used for liver tissue engineering with respect to design parameters such as scaffold composition and chemistry, biomechanical properties, topography, cell-cell interactions and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.,Biomedical Engineering Department, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Apeksha Damania
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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15
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Effect of Biotin and Galactose Functionalized Gelatin Nanofiber Membrane on HEp-2 Cell Attachment and Cytotoxicity. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:35-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Response of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Patterned and Randomly Oriented Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nano-fibrous Scaffolds Surface-Modified with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Ligand. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:1513-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Roh H, Yang DH, Chun HJ, Khang G. Cellular behaviour of hepatocyte-like cells from nude mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on galactosylated poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid). J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:819-25. [PMID: 23784953 DOI: 10.1002/term.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previously, the galactosylation of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) surface was accomplished by grafting allylamine (AA), using inductively coupled plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (ICP-CVD) and conjugating lactobionic acid (LA) with AA via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) activation for hepatic tissue-engineering purposes. As a continuation study, the cellular behaviour of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) on the surface of the galactosylated PLGA were investigated. Nude mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured under hepatogenic conditions and the differentiated cells were characterized by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Galactosylated PLGA enhanced the proliferation rate of HLCs compared to the control; HLCs on the surface of the sample became aggregated and formed spheroids after 3 days of culture. A large number of cells on the surface of the sample exhibited increased liver-specific functional activities, such as albumin and urea secretions. In addition, multicellular spheroids in the sample strongly expressed phospholyated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK) (cell-matrix interactions), E-cadherin (cell-cell interactions) and connexin 32 (Cox32; gap junction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Roh
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jae Chun
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Department of Polymer-Nanoscience and Technology and Polymer BIN Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Deokjin, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Palakkan AA, Hay DC, Anil Kumar PR, Kumary TV, Ross JA. Liver tissue engineering and cell sources: issues and challenges. Liver Int 2013; 33:666-76. [PMID: 23490085 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are of major concern as they now account for millions of deaths annually. As a result of the increased incidence of liver disease, many patients die on the transplant waiting list, before a donor organ becomes available. To meet the huge demand for donor liver, alternative approaches using liver tissue engineering principles are being actively pursued. Even though adult hepatocytes, the primary cells of the liver are most preferred for tissue engineering of liver, their limited availability, isolation from diseased organs, lack of in vitro propagation and deterioration of function acts as a major drawback to their use. Various approaches have been taken to prevent the functional deterioration of hepatocytes including the provision of an adequate extracellular matrix and co-culture with non-parenchymal cells of liver. Great progress has also been made to differentiate human stem cells to hepatocytes and to use them for liver tissue engineering applications. This review provides an overview of recent challenges, issues and cell sources with regard to liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar A Palakkan
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, University of Edinburgh - MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
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Saeed A, Iqbal M. Loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge: Review of development of the biomatrix as a tool for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:573-600. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saeed
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Environmental Biotechnology Group; Biotechnology and Food Research Centre; Lahore 54600 Pakistan
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Peça IN, Petrova KT, Cardoso MM, Barros MT. Preparation and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles composed of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)-10%-Triblock end-capped with a galactose moiety. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Freichels H, Pourcelle V, Auzély-Velty R, Marchand-Brynaert J, Jérôme C. Synthesis of poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)-graft-mannosylated poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers by combination of "clip" and "click" chemistries. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:760-8. [PMID: 22329463 DOI: 10.1021/bm201690w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is extensively used in pharmaceutical applications, for example, in targeted drug delivery, because of biocompatibility and degradation rate, which is easily tuned by the copolymer composition. Nevertheless, synthesis of sugar-labeled amphiphilic copolymers with a PLGA backbone is quite a challenge because of high sensitivity to hydrolytic degradation. This Article reports on the synthesis of a new amphiphilic copolymer of PLGA grafted by mannosylated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). A novel building block, that is, α-methoxy-ω-alkyne PEO-clip-N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester, was prepared on purpose by photoreaction of a diazirine containing molecular clip. This PEO block was mannosylated by reaction of the NHS ester groups with an aminated sugar, that is, 2-aminoethyl-α-d-mannopyroside. Then, the alkyne ω-end-group of PEO was involved in a copper alkyne- azide coupling (CuAAC) with the pendent azides of the aliphatic copolyester. The targeted mannose-labeled poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer was accordingly formed. Copolymerization of d,l-lactide and glycolide with α-chloro-ε-caprolactone, followed by substitution of chlorides by azides provided the azido-functional PLGA backbone. Finally, micelles of the amphiphilic mannosylated graft copolymer were prepared in water, and their interaction with Concanavalin A (ConA), a glyco-receptor protein, was studied by quartz crystal microbalance. This study concluded to the prospect of using this novel bioconjugate in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Freichels
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège , Sart-Tilman B6, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Saxena V, Naguib Y, Hussain MD. Folate receptor targeted 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) loaded polymeric nanoparticles for breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 94:274-80. [PMID: 22377218 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Low water solubility and hepatotoxicity limited the clinical use of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (17-AAG), an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Folate targeted polylactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol-folic acid (PLGA-PEG-FA) nanoparticles containing 17-AAG were prepared and characterized. Cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared nanoparticles were determined in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The particle size of 17-AAG loaded folate targeted nanoparticles was 238.67±3.52 nm, drug loading was 8.25±2.49% and about 80% of drug was released from the nanoparticles over 10 days. Cellular uptake studies showed much higher intracellular uptake of folate targeted nanoparticle as compared to nontargeted nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity study showed 2 fold increase (P<0.05, n=3) in the cytotoxicity of folate targeted nanoparticle in comparison to free drug or nontargeted nanoparticles. Due to their targeting ability, nanometer size, high drug loading and controlled release behavior, 17-AAG loaded PLGA-PEG-FA nanoparticles might be developed as a targeted delivery system for breast and other cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Saxena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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Characterization and hepatocytes adhesion of galactosylated poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) surface. Macromol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nugraha B, Hong X, Mo X, Tan L, Zhang W, Chan PM, Kang CH, Wang Y, Beng LT, Sun W, Choudhury D, Robens JM, McMillian M, Silva J, Dallas S, Tan CH, Yue Z, Yu H. Galactosylated cellulosic sponge for multi-well drug safety testing. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6982-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Richter JR, de Guzman RC, Van Dyke ME. Mechanisms of hepatocyte attachment to keratin biomaterials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:7555-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sugar-labeled and PEGylated (bio)degradable polymers intended for targeted drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guo BH, Cheng Y, Lin LP, Lin DH, Wu W. Preparation and characterization of galactose-modified liposomes by a nonaqueous enzymatic reaction. J Liposome Res 2011; 21:255-60. [PMID: 21545336 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2011.573795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, NOH (NOH = N-octadecyl-4-[(D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy hexanamide) was enzymatically synthesized as a targeting molecule and incorporated into liposomes to prepare a liposome surface modified with galactose. Glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome (GA-LP) and glycyrrhetinic-acid-loaded liposome surface modified with galactose (NOH-GA-LP) were prepared by the ethanol-injection method. NOH-GA-LP was characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release in vitro, and stability. The size of spherical particles was in the range of 179-211 nm. Spherical particles exhibit a positive electrical charge (38.7 mV) and possess high encapsulation efficiency (91.3%) and show sustained release (72% over 48 hours) in vitro. This novel approach for the liposome surface modified with galactose by enzymatic synthesis is expected to provide potential application as a drug carrier for active targeted delivery to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-hong Guo
- Department of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Kim BS, Park IK, Hoshiba T, Jiang HL, Choi YJ, Akaike T, Cho CS. Design of artificial extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Covalent modification of surfaces with carbohydrates (glycans) is a prerequisite for a variety of glycomics-based biomedical applications, including functional biomaterials, glycoarrays, and glycan-based biosensors. The chemistry of glycan immobilization plays an essential role in the bioavailability and function of the surface bound carbohydrate moiety. However, the scarcity of analytical methods to characterize carbohydrate-modified surfaces complicates efforts to optimize glycan surface chemistries for specific applications. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a surface sensitive technique suited for probing molecular composition at the biomaterial interface. Expanding ToF-SIMS analysis to interrogate carbohydrate-modified materials would increase our understanding of glycan surface chemistries and advance novel tools in the nascent field of glycomics. In this study, a printed glycan microarray surface was fabricated and subsequently characterized by ToF-SIMS imaging analysis. A multivariate technique based on principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the ToF-SIMS dataset and reconstruct ToF-SIMS images of functionalized surfaces. These images reveal chemical species related to the immobilized glycan, underlying glycan-reactive chemistries, gold substrates, and outside contaminants. Printed glycoarray elements (spots) were also interrogated to resolve the spatial distribution and spot homogeneity of immobilized glycan. The bioavailability of the surface-bound glycan was validated using a specific carbohydrate-binding protein (lectin) as characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi). Our results demonstrate that ToF-SIMS is capable of characterizing chemical features of carbohydrate-modified surfaces and, when complemented with SPRi, can play an enabling role in optimizing glycan microarray fabrication and performance.
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Pushing the envelope in biomaterial research: initial results of prosthetic coating with stem cells in a rat model. Surg Endosc 2010; 24:2687-93. [PMID: 20349089 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-1026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coating prosthetic for hernia repair with a patient's own cells could improve biocompatibility by decreasing inflammation and adhesion formation and by increasing tissue ingrowth and resistance to infection. The objective of this study was to prove the feasibility of prosthetic coating with stem cells and to assess its resistance to adhesion formation when implanted in an animal model. METHODS Adult Lewis rat bone marrow stem cells were harvested and cultured. Stem cells were then implanted on three different prosthetics. The prosthetic with the best stem cell adherence was implanted intraperitoneally into six adult rats. Untreated prosthetic was implanted in control animals (n = 12). After 2 weeks, intra-abdominal adhesions were graded using an adhesion scoring scale by two surgeons who were blinded to the animal group. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Stem cells demonstrated the best adherence and growth on polyglactin prosthetics. After implantation, the stem cell-coated polyglactin prosthetic had <25% of its surface area covered with adhesions in five (83%) samples, whereas the control polyglactin group had only one sample (8.3%) with <25% adhesions, and seven of its samples (58.3%) had >50% surface area adhesions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of hernia prosthetic coating with stem cells was demonstrated. Furthermore, stem-cell coated polyglactin prosthetic exhibited improved biocompatibility by decreasing adhesion formation in an animal model. Further study is needed to determine the factors that promote stem cell adherence to prosthetics and the in vivo prosthetic biomechanics after stem cell coating. This work is underway in our laboratory.
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Wu SC, Chang JK, Wang CK, Wang GJ, Ho ML. Enhancement of chondrogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells in a hyaluronan-enriched microenvironment. Biomaterials 2009; 31:631-40. [PMID: 19819543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment plays a critical role in guiding stem cell differentiation. We investigated the enhancing effect of a hyaluronan (HA)-enriched microenvironment on human adipose derived stem cell (hADSC) chondrogenesis for articular cartilage tissue engineering. The hADSCs were obtained from patients undergoing hip replacement. HA-coated wells and HA-modified poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA/PLGA) scaffolds were used as the HA-enriched microenvironment. The mRNA expressions of chondrogenic (SOX-9, aggrecan and collagen type II), fibrocartilage (collagen type I), and hypertrophic (collagen type X) marker genes were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition was detected by Alcian blue, safranin-O staining, and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assays. Localized collagen type II was detected by immunohistochemistry. The hADSCs cultured in HA-coated wells (0.005-0.5 mg/cm(2)) showed enhanced aggregation and mRNA expressions (SOX-9, collagen type II, and aggrecan) after 24h, and sGAG content was also significantly increased after 9 days of culture. The HA-modified PLGA did not change the cell adherence and viability of hADSCs. The mRNA expressions of chondrogenic marker genes were significantly enhanced in hADSCs cultured in HA/PLGA rather than those cultured in the PLGA scaffold after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture. The hADSCs cultured in HA/PLGA produced higher levels of sGAG and collagen type II, compared to those in the PLGA scaffold after 4 weeks of cultures. Our results suggest that HA-enriched microenvironment induces chondrogenesis in hADSCs, which may be beneficial in articular cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Spadaccio C, Chello M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Toyoda Y, Genovese JA. Drug releasing systems in cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:422-39. [PMID: 19379142 PMCID: PMC3822506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease and atherosclerosis are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of suitable autologous grafts has produced a need for artificial grafts; however, current artificial grafts carry significant limitations, including thrombosis, infection, limited durability and the inability to grow. Tissue engineering of blood vessels, cardiovascular structures and whole organs is a promising approach for creating replacement tissues to repair congenital defects and/or diseased tissues. In an attempt to surmount the shortcomings of artificial grafts, tissue-engineered cardiovascular graft (TECVG), constructs obtained using cultured autologous vascular cells seeded onto a synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold, have been developed. Autologous TECVGs have the potential advantages of growth, durability, resistance to infection, and freedom from problems of rejection, thrombogenicity and donor scarcity. Moreover polymers engrafted with growth factors, cytokines, drugs have been developed allowing drug-releasing systems capable of focused and localized delivery of molecules depending on the environmental requirements and the milieu in which the scaffold is placed. A broad range of applications for compound-releasing, tissue-engineered grafts have been suggested ranging from drug delivery to gene therapy. This review will describe advances in the development of drug-delivery systems for cardiovascular applications focusing on the manufacturing techniques and on the compounds delivered by these systems to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiac and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heart, Lung & Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Nie H, Khew ST, Lee LY, Poh KL, Tong YW, Wang CH. Lysine-based peptide-functionalized PLGA foams for controlled DNA delivery. J Control Release 2009; 138:64-70. [PMID: 19409431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its hydrophobicity and negatively charged surfaces, PLGA-based scaffolds have encountered problems in controlled-release and tissue engineering applications. The effects of charge modification of PLGA micro-porous foams on DNA delivery and DNA transfection are investigated herein. Tailor-designed l-lysine peptides (K4 and K20) were employed to modify the surface charge of PLGA foams using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide cross linkers and the effects of charge modification of PLGA were examined in three main aspects: DNA adsorption, DNA release properties and DNA transfection. Successful conjugation of peptide and DNA adsorption were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A plasmid encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) was used throughout the current study and the results indicate that adsorption capacity and release behavior of DNA were highly dependent on the charge properties of the foam surfaces. The release rates of DNA from the K4- and K20-functionalized foams are more sustainable as compared to the blank foam. As a result, the sustained release of DNA from modified foams led to negligible cytotoxicity and sustained expression of DNA which is favorable for DNA delivery and tissue engineering application. Furthermore, the ease of fabrication and modification of PLGA foams makes it a promising DNA delivery device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Nie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Esaki K, Yokota S, Egusa S, Okutani Y, Ogawa Y, Kitaoka T, Goto M, Wariishi H. Preparation of Lactose-Modified Cellulose Films by a Nonaqueous Enzymatic Reaction and their Biofunctional Characteristics as a Scaffold for Cell Culture. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1265-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Esaki
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Yokota
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shizuka Egusa
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuri Okutani
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogawa
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wariishi
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer CM, Waldmann H. Chemical strategies for generating protein biochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9618-47. [PMID: 19025742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein biochips are at the heart of many medical and bioanalytical applications. Increasing interest has been focused on surface activation and subsequent functionalization strategies for immobilizing these biomolecules. Different approaches using covalent and noncovalent chemistry are reviewed; particular emphasis is placed on the chemical specificity of protein attachment and on retention of protein function. Strategies for creating protein patterns (as opposed to protein arrays) are also outlined. An outlook on promising and challenging future directions for protein biochip research and applications is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology and Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Jonkheijm P, Weinrich D, Schröder H, Niemeyer C, Waldmann H. Chemische Verfahren zur Herstellung von Proteinbiochips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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39
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The effect of lactose-conjugated silk biomaterials on the development of fibrogenic fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4665-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel “stealth” polymeric gene vector. Int J Pharm 2008; 350:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Renò F, Traina V, Gatti S, Battistella E, Cannas M. Functionalization of a poly(D,L)lactic acid surface with galactose to improve human keratinocyte behavior for artificial epidermis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 100:195-202. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Effect of (1→3)(1→6)-Β-Glucan Containing PLGA Scaffold on Human Dermal Fibroblast Attachment and Proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of β-glucan-reinforced PLGA scaffold on cell proliferation was investigated.
The PLGA scaffolds were prepared by salt-leaching method. The prepared scaffolds were grafted
with (1→3) (1→6)-β-glucan in various ratios after plasma treatment on the surface. The surface of
the scaffold was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The HDFs (Human dermal
fibroblasts, 1105 cells/scaffold) were used to evaluate the cell proliferation on PLGA scaffold
before and after plasma/β-glucan treatment. In results, in the β-glucan treated scaffolds, the pores
seemed to become narrower and even looked like closed form. The result of cell proliferation
showed that the plasma/β-glucan treated scaffolds had narrower pores because the β-glucan was
attached in the pores that would not be allowed the cells to penetrate into the inner areas.
Consequently, cell proliferation was not effective in the plasma/β-glucan treated scaffolds in this
study.
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Liu Tsang V, Chen AA, Cho LM, Jadin KD, Sah RL, DeLong S, West JL, Bhatia SN. Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues by additive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. FASEB J 2006; 21:790-801. [PMID: 17197384 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7117com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated a hepatic tissue construct using a multilayer photopatterning platform for embedding cells in hydrogels of complex architecture. We first explored the potential of established hepatocyte culture models to stabilize isolated hepatocytes for photoencapsulation (e.g., double gel, Matrigel, cocultivation with nonparenchymal cells). Using photopolymerizable PEG hydrogels, we then tailored both the chemistry and architecture of the hydrogels to further support hepatocyte survival and liver-specific function. Specifically, we incorporated adhesive peptides to ligate key integrins on these adhesion-dependent cells. To identify the appropriate peptides for incorporation, the integrin expression of cultured hepatocytes was monitored by flow cytometry and their functional role in cell adhesion was assessed on full-length extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and their adhesive peptide domains. In addition, we modified the hydrogel architecture to minimize barriers to nutrient transport for these highly metabolic cells. Viability of encapsulated cells was improved in photopatterned hydrogels with structural features of 500 microm in width over unpatterned, bulk hydrogels. Based on these findings, we fabricated a multilayer photopatterned PEG hydrogel structure containing the adhesive RGD peptide sequence to ligate the alpha5beta1 integrin of cocultured hepatocytes. Three-dimensional photopatterned constructs were visualized by digital volumetric imaging and cultured in a continuous flow bioreactor for 12 d where they performed favorably in comparison to unpatterned, unperfused constructs. These studies will have impact in the field of liver biology as well as provide enabling tools for tissue engineering of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Liu Tsang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Chen JP, Lin CT. Dynamic seeding and perfusion culture of hepatocytes with galactosylated vegetable sponge in packed-bed bioreactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:41-5. [PMID: 16952835 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A galactose moiety was introduced into the fiber surface of a vegetable sponge by the covalent binding of lactobionic acid. The galactosylated sponge was used as scaffold for the culture of rat hepatocytes in a packed-bed bioreactor. Hepatocytes could be dynamically seeded into and uniformly distributed throughout the scaffold, and the immobilized cells maintained high albumin and urea production rates during long-term perfusion culture. The hepatocytes showed an increasing albumin production rate from 49 to 109 microg/10(6) cells/d over the 7-d culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Ping Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
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45
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Yoon JJ, Chung HJ, Lee HJ, Park TG. Heparin-immobilized biodegradable scaffolds for local and sustained release of angiogenic growth factor. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:934-42. [PMID: 16941589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-immobilized porous biodegradable scaffolds were fabricated to release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a sustained manner. Heparin was covalently conjugated onto the surface of macroporous PLGA scaffolds fabricated by a gas-foaming/salt-leaching method. Sustained release of bFGF was successfully achieved for over 20 days due to high affinity of bFGF onto the immobilized heparin. It appears that bFGF release rate was regulated by the specific interaction between bFGF and heparin. The bFGF fraction released from the scaffolds maintained its bioactivity, as judged from determining the proliferation extent of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. When heparin-immobilized scaffolds loaded with bFGF were implanted subcutaneously in vivo, they effectively induced the formation of blood vessels in the vicinity of the implant site. This study demonstrated that local and sustained delivery of angiogenic growth factor for tissue regeneration could be achieved by surface modification of porous scaffolds with heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 305-701, South Korea
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46
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Lu HF, Lim WS, Zhang PC, Chia SM, Yu H, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Galactosylated poly(vinylidene difluoride) hollow fiber bioreactor for hepatocyte culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 11:1667-77. [PMID: 16411812 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of long-term expression of highly differentiated hepatocyte functions, we have developed a novel bioreactor in which hepatocytes are seeded in a ligand-immobilized hollow fiber cartridge. Galactosylated Pluronic polymer is immobilized on poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber surface through an adsorption scheme yielding a substrate with hepatocyte-specific ligand and a hydrophilic surface layer, which can resist nonspecific protein adsorption and facilitate cell binding to the galactose ligand. Interestingly, the galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber shows enhanced serum albumin diffusion across the membrane. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded and cultured in the extralumenal space of the hollow fiber cartridge for 18 days in a continuously circulated system. Albumin secretion function of the seeded hepatocytes was monitored by analyzing circulating medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urea synthesis and P-450 function (7-ethoxycoumarin dealkylase activity) were measured periodically by doping the circulating medium with NH4Cl and 7-ethoxycoumarin, respectively. Hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers maintained better albumin secretion and P-450 functions than on unmodified and serum-coated PVDF hollow fibers when cultured in serum-containing medium. Morphological examination by scanning electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers developed significant aggregation, in contrast to those cultured on unmodified PVDF fibers or on serum-coated PVDF fibers. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that tight junctions and canaliculus-like structures formed in these aggregates. These results suggest the potential application of this galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber cartridge for the design of a bioartificial liver assist device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Lu
- Tissue and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Kim TG, Park TG. Biomimicking Extracellular Matrix: Cell Adhesive RGD Peptide Modified Electrospun Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanofiber Mesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:221-33. [PMID: 16548681 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A cell adhesive peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), was immobilized onto the surface of electrospun poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanofiber mesh in an attempt to mimic an extracellular matrix structure. A blend mixture of PLGA and PLGA-b-PEG-NH(2) di-block copolymer dissolved in a 1:1 volume mixture of dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran was electrospun to produce a nanofiber mesh with functional primary amino groups on the surface. Various electrospinning parameters, such as polymer concentration and the blend ratio, were optimized to produce a nanofiber mesh with desirable morphology, surface characteristics, and fiber diameter. A cell adhesive peptide, GRGDY, was covalently grafted onto the aminated surface of the electrospun mesh under a hydrating condition. The amounts of surface primary amino groups and grafted RGD peptides were quantitatively determined. Cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation were greatly enhanced in the RGD modified electrospun PLGA nanofiber mesh compared with that of the unmodified one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Gyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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48
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Cho CS, Seo SJ, Park IK, Kim SH, Kim TH, Hoshiba T, Harada I, Akaike T. Galactose-carrying polymers as extracellular matrices for liver tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006; 27:576-85. [PMID: 16084586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays important roles in tissue engineering because cellular growth and differentiation, in the two-dimensional cell culture as well as in the three-dimensional space of the developing organism, require ECM with which the cells can interact. Especially, the bioartificial liver-assist device or regeneration of the liver-tissue substitutes for liver tissue engineering requires a suitable ECM for hepatocyte culture because hepatocytes are anchorage-dependent cells and are highly sensitive to the ECM milieu for the maintenance of their viability and differentiated functions. Galactose-carrying synthetic ECMs derived from synthetic polymers and natural polymers bind hepatocytes through a receptor-mediated mechanism, resulting in enhanced hepatocyte functions. Attachment and functions of hepatocytes were affected by physico-chemical properties including ECM geometry as well as the type, density and orientation of galactose. Also, cellular environment, medium composition and dynamic culture system influenced liver-specific functions of hepatocytes beside ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cho
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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49
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Immobilization of lactobionic acid on polyurethane films and their interaction with hepatocytes. Macromol Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03219061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Yoo HS, Lee EA, Yoon JJ, Park TG. Hyaluronic acid modified biodegradable scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1925-33. [PMID: 15576166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) was immobilized onto the surface of macroporous biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [PLGA] scaffolds to enhance the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering. The PLGA scaffolds were prepared by blending PLGA with varying amounts of amine-terminated PLGA-PEG di-block copolymer. They were fabricated by a gas foaming/salt leaching method. HA was chemically conjugated to the surface-exposed amine groups on the pre-fabricated scaffolds. The amount of surface exposed free amine groups was quantitatively determined by conjugating an amine-reactive fluorescent dye to the PLGA blend films. The extent of HA immobilization was also confirmed by measuring water contact angles. When chondrocytes were seeded within HA modified PLGA scaffolds, enhanced cellular attachment was observed compared to unmodified PLGA scaffolds. Furthermore, glycosaminoglycan and total collagen synthesis increased substantially for HA modified PLGA scaffolds. RT-PCR result and histological examination of the resultant cartilage tissue revealed that HA modified scaffolds excelled in inducing cartilage tissue formation in terms of collagen type II expression and tissue morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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