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Dodia H, Sunder AV, Borkar Y, Wangikar PP. Precision fermentation with mass spectrometry-based spent media analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:2809-2826. [PMID: 37272489 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimization and monitoring of bioprocesses requires the measurement of several process parameters and quality attributes. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques such as those coupled to gas chromatography (GCMS) and liquid Chromatography (LCMS) enable the simultaneous measurement of hundreds of metabolites with high sensitivity. When applied to spent media, such metabolome analysis can help determine the sequence of substrate uptake and metabolite secretion, consequently facilitating better design of initial media and feeding strategy. Furthermore, the analysis of metabolite diversity and abundance from spent media will aid the determination of metabolic phases of the culture and the identification of metabolites as surrogate markers for product titer and quality. This review covers the recent advances in metabolomics analysis applied to the development and monitoring of bioprocesses. In this regard, we recommend a stepwise workflow and guidelines that a bioprocesses engineer can adopt to develop and optimize a fermentation process using spent media analysis. Finally, we show examples of how the use of MS can revolutionize the design and monitoring of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Dodia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Yogen Borkar
- Clarity Bio Systems India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
- Clarity Bio Systems India Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India
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2
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Glinšek K, Bozovičar K, Bratkovič T. CRISPR Technologies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098144. [PMID: 37175850 PMCID: PMC10179654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a well-established platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to its ability to express complex therapeutic proteins with human-like glycopatterns in high amounts. The advent of CRISPR technology has opened up new avenues for the engineering of CHO cell lines for improved protein production and enhanced product quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of CRISPR technology for CHO cell line engineering with a particular focus on glycosylation modulation, productivity enhancement, tackling adventitious agents, elimination of problematic host cell proteins, development of antibiotic-free selection systems, site-specific transgene integration, and CRISPR-mediated gene activation and repression. The review highlights the potential of CRISPR technology in CHO cell line genome editing and epigenetic engineering for the more efficient and cost-effective development of biopharmaceuticals while ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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3
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Legros C, Rojas A, Dupré C, Brasseur C, Riest‐Fery I, Muller O, Ortuno J, Nosjean O, Guenin S, Ferry G, Boutin JA. Approach to the specificity and selectivity between D2 and D3 receptors by mutagenesis and binding experiments part I: Expression and characterization of D2 and D3 receptor mutants. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4459. [PMID: 36177735 PMCID: PMC9667827 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D3/D2 sub-specificity is a complex problem to solve. Indeed, in the absence of easy structural biology of the G-protein coupled receptors, and despite key progresses in this area, the systematic knowledge of the ligand/receptor relationship is difficult to obtain. Due to these structural biology limitations concerning membrane proteins, we favored the use of directed mutagenesis to document a rational towards the discovery of markedly specific D3 ligands over D2 ligands together with basic binding experiments. Using our methodology of stable expression of receptors in HEK cells, we constructed the gene encoding for 24 mutants and 4 chimeras of either D2 or D3 receptors and expressed them stably. Those cell lines, expressing a single copy of one receptor mutant each, were stably constructed, selected, amplified and the membranes from them were prepared. Binding data at those receptors were obtained using standard binding conditions for D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. We generated 26 new molecules derived from D2 or D3 ligands. Using 8 reference compounds and those 26 molecules, we characterized their binding at those mutants and chimeras, exemplifying an approach to better understand the difference at the molecular level of the D2 and D3 receptors. Although all the individual results are presented and could be used for minute analyses, the present report does not discuss the differences between D2 and D3 data. It simply shows the feasibility of the approach and its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Anne Rojas
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Clémence Dupré
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Isabelle Riest‐Fery
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Olivier Muller
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | | | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Sophie‐Pénélope Guenin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and CommunicationUniversity of NormandyRouenFrance
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4
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Heparin: An old drug for new clinical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Saghaleyni R, Malm M, Moruzzi N, Zrimec J, Razavi R, Wistbacka N, Thorell H, Pintar A, Hober A, Edfors F, Chotteau V, Berggren PO, Grassi L, Zelezniak A, Svensson T, Hatton D, Nielsen J, Robinson JL, Rockberg J. Enhanced metabolism and negative regulation of ER stress support higher erythropoietin production in HEK293 cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110936. [PMID: 35705050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production can cause severe stress on cellular metabolism, resulting in limited titer and product quality. To investigate cellular and metabolic characteristics associated with these limitations, we compare HEK293 clones producing either erythropoietin (EPO) (secretory) or GFP (non-secretory) protein at different rates. Transcriptomic and functional analyses indicate significantly higher metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in EPO producers compared with parental and GFP cells. In addition, ribosomal genes exhibit specific expression patterns depending on the recombinant protein and the production rate. In a clone displaying a dramatically increased EPO secretion, we detect higher gene expression related to negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including upregulation of ATF6B, which aids EPO production in a subset of clones by overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown. Our results offer potential target pathways and genes for further development of the secretory power in mammalian cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Saghaleyni
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Malm
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah Moruzzi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Zrimec
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ronia Razavi
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Num Wistbacka
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Thorell
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Pintar
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hober
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Veronique Chotteau
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksej Zelezniak
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Svensson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diane Hatton
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan L Robinson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Rockberg
- KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Insights into the Impact of Rosmarinic Acid on CHO Cell Culture Improvement through Transcriptomics Analysis. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antioxidants in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures to improve monoclonal antibody production has been a topic of great interest. Nevertheless, the antioxidants do not have consistent benefits of production improvement, which might be cell line specific and/or process specific. In this work, we investigated how treatment with the antioxidant rosmarinic acid (RA) improved cell growth and titer in CHO cell cultures using transcriptomics. In particular, transcriptomics analysis indicated that RA treatment modified gene expression and strongly affected the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which regulate cell survival and cell death. Moreover, it was observed that these signaling pathways, which had been identified to be up-regulated on day 2 and day 6 by RA, were also up-regulated over time (from initial growth phase day 2 to slow growth or protein production phase day 6) in both conditions. In summary, this transcriptomics analysis provides insights into the role of the antioxidant RA in industrial cell culture processes. The current study also represents an example in the industry of how omics can be applied to gain an in-depth understanding of CHO cell biology and to identify critical pathways that can contribute to cell culture process improvement and cell line engineering.
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7
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Lai Z, Choudhury FK, Tang D, Liang X, Dean B, Misaghi S, Sangaraju D. LC-HRMS based Targeted Metabolomics for High-throughput and Quantitative Analysis of 21 Growth Inhibition Related Metabolites in CHO Cell Fed-Batch Cultures. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5348. [PMID: 35083760 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for production of therapeutic proteins. CHO cells in fed-batch cultures produce various amino acid-derived intermediate metabolites. These small molecule metabolic byproducts have proven to be critical to cell growth, culture performance, and more interestingly antibody drug productivity. Herein, we developed a liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) based targeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive quantification of total 21 growth inhibition related metabolites generated from 14 different amino acids in CHO cell fed-batch cultures. High throughput derivatization procedures, matrix-matched calibration curves, stable isotope-labeled internal standards, and accurate mass Full MS scan were utilized in order to achieve our goal for wide scope of metabolite screening as well as validity and reliability of metabolite quantification. We further present a novel analytical strategy for extending the assay's dynamic range by utilizing naturally occurring isotope M+1 ion as a quantification analogue in the circumstances where the principal M ion is beyond its calibration range. The integrated method was qualified for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, isotope analysis and other analytical aspects to demonstrate assay robustness. We then applied this metabolomics approach to characterize metabolites of interest in a CHO cell based monoclonal antibody (mAb) production process with fed-batch bioreactor culture mode. Absolute quantification combined with multivariate statistical analysis illustrated that our target analytes derived from amino acids, especially from branched-chain amino acids, closely correlated with cell viability and significantly differentiated cellular stages in production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feroza K Choudhury
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danming Tang
- Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dean
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Tihanyi B, Nyitray L. Recent advances in CHO cell line development for recombinant protein production. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:25-34. [PMID: 34895638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins used in biomedical research, diagnostics and different therapies are mostly produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells in the pharmaceutical industry. These biotherapeutics, monoclonal antibodies in particular, have shown remarkable market growth in the past few decades. The increasing demand for high amounts of biologics requires continuous optimization and improvement of production technologies. Research aims at discovering better means and methods for reaching higher volumetric capacity, while maintaining stable product quality. An increasing number of complex novel protein therapeutics, such as viral antigens, vaccines, bi- and tri-specific monoclonal antibodies, are currently entering industrial production pipelines. These biomolecules are, in many cases, difficult to express and require tailored product-specific solutions to improve their transient or stable production. All these requirements boost the development of more efficient expression optimization systems and high-throughput screening platforms to facilitate the design of product-specific cell line engineering and production strategies. In this minireview, we provide an overview on recent advances in CHO cell line development, targeted genome manipulation techniques, selection systems and screening methods currently used in recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Tihanyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Datta P, Zhang F, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Platelet factor 4 polyanion immune complexes: heparin induced thrombocytopenia and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Thromb J 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 34526009 PMCID: PMC8443112 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is a review article on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, an adverse effect of heparin therapy, and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia, occurring in some patients administered certain coronavirus vaccines. MAIN BODY/TEXT Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia occurs when specific antibodies bind to platelet factor 4 /heparin complexes. Platelet factor 4 is a naturally occurring chemokine, and under certain conditions, may complex with negatively charged molecules and polyanions, including heparin. The antibody-platelet factor 4/heparin complex may lead to platelet activation, accompanied by other cascading reactions, resulting in cerebral sinus thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, lower limb arterial thrombosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, skin necrosis, and thrombotic stroke. If untreated, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can be life threatening. In parallel, rare incidents of spontaneous vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia can also occur in some patients administered certain coronavirus vaccines. The role of platelet factor 4 in vaccine-induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome further reinforces the importance the platelet factor 4/polyanion immune complexes and the complications that this might pose to susceptible individuals. These findings demonstrate, how auxiliary factors can complicate heparin therapy and drug development. An increasing interest in biomanufacturing heparins from non-animal sources has driven a growing interest in understanding the biology of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and therefore, the development of safe and effective biosynthetic heparins. SHORT CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings further reinforce the importance of the binding of platelet factor 4 with known and unknown polyanions, and the complications that these might pose to susceptible patients. In parallel, these findings also demonstrate how auxiliary factors can complicate the heparin drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Datta
- Heparin Applied Research Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Heparin Applied Research Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Heparin Applied Research Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Heparin Applied Research Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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10
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Jin W, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Bioengineered production of glycosaminoglycans and their analogues. SYSTEMS MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOMANUFACTURING 2021; 1:123-130. [PMID: 38524245 PMCID: PMC10960223 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-020-00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of linear polysaccharides, consisting of alternating disaccharide sequences of uronic acid and hexosamines (or galactose) with and without sulfation. They can interact with various proteins, such as growth factors, receptors and cell adhesion molecules, endowing these with various biological and pharmacological activities. Such activities make GAGs useful in health care products and medicines. Currently, all GAGs, with the exception of hyaluronan, are produced by extraction from animal tissues. However, limited availability, poor control of animal tissues, impurities, viruses, prions, endotoxins, contamination and other problems have increased the interest in new approaches for GAG production. These new approaches include GAGs production by chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis and metabolic engineering. One chemically synthesized heparin pentasaccharide, fondaparinux sodium, is in clinical use. Mostly, hyaluronan today is prepared by microbial fermentation, largely replacing hyaluronan from rooster comb. The recent gram scale chemoenzymatic synthesis of a heparin dodecasaccharide suggests its potential to replace currently used animal-sourced low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Despite these considerable successes, such high-tech approaches still cannot meet worldwide demands for GAGs. This review gives a brief introduction on the manufacturing of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins, the chemical synthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis of GAGs and focuses on the progress in the bioengineered preparation of GAGs, particularly heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Biological Science, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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11
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Papantoniou I, Nilsson Hall G, Loverdou N, Lesage R, Herpelinck T, Mendes L, Geris L. Turning Nature's own processes into design strategies for living bone implant biomanufacturing: a decade of Developmental Engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:22-39. [PMID: 33290762 PMCID: PMC7839840 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A decade after the term developmental engineering (DE) was coined to indicate the use of developmental processes as blueprints for the design and development of engineered living implants, a myriad of proof-of-concept studies demonstrate the potential of this approach in small animal models. This review provides an overview of DE work, focusing on applications in bone regeneration. Enabling technologies allow to quantify the distance between in vitro processes and their developmental counterpart, as well as to design strategies to reduce that distance. By embedding Nature's robust mechanisms of action in engineered constructs, predictive large animal data and subsequent positive clinical outcomes can be gradually achieved. To this end, the development of next generation biofabrication technologies should provide the necessary scale and precision for robust living bone implant biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papantoniou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Stadiou street, 26504 Patras, Greece; Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Niki Loverdou
- Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in silico medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 (B34), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Raphaelle Lesage
- Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim Herpelinck
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Luis Mendes
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in silico medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 (B34), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Bryan L, Henry M, Kelly RM, Lloyd M, Frye CC, Osborne MD, Clynes M, Meleady P. Global phosphoproteomic study of high/low specific productivity industrially relevant mAb producing recombinant CHO cell lines. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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13
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Dou Y, Lin Y, Wang TY, Wang XY, Jia YL, Zhao CP. The CAG promoter maintains high-level transgene expression in HEK293 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:95-104. [PMID: 33155423 PMCID: PMC7780116 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of therapeutic recombinant proteins are produced in mammalian cell lines. However, proteins generated in nonhuman cell lines, such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, are decorated with human‐like glycan structures that differ from those of human cells, and these may induce immunogenic responses in human cells. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293F) are also extensively used as hosts for the expression of recombinant therapeutic proteins, but their utility is limited by the low expression of transgenes in these cells. Here, we investigated recombinant protein expression from eight frequently used promoters in transfected HEK293F cells. The expression levels and stability of the transgenes were evaluated by flow cytometry and qRT‐PCR. The most efficient expression (in terms of both mRNA and protein yields) was achieved using a cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate‐early enhancer combined with the chicken beta‐actin promoter (CAG) promoter, as compared to all other tested promoters under both transient and stable transfection conditions. In addition, application of mild hypothermia (i.e., 33 °C) after transfection improved the positive effect of the CMV enhancer fused to the chicken beta‐actin promoter (CAG promoter) on enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression. Although the temperature sensitivity of the CMV promoter is greater than that of CAG promoter, recombinant protein levels were still highest when expression was driven by the CAG promoter. When eGFP was replaced with hepatitis B surface antigen, the CAG promoter still showed the highest transgene expression. In conclusion, our data show that the CAG promoter is a strong promoter for recombinant protein expression in HEK293F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Long Jia
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chun-Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, China
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14
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Ramírez OT, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Comparison of protein precipitation methods for sample preparation prior to proteomic analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cell homogenates. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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Orellana CA, Martínez VS, MacDonald MA, Henry MN, Gillard M, Gray PP, Nielsen LK, Mahler S, Marcellin E. 'Omics driven discoveries of gene targets for apoptosis attenuation in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:481-490. [PMID: 32865815 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in biopharmaceutical production. Improvements to cell lines and bioprocesses are constantly being explored. One of the major limitations of CHO cell culture is that the cells undergo apoptosis, leading to rapid cell death, which impedes reaching high recombinant protein titres. While several genetic engineering strategies have been successfully employed to reduce apoptosis, there is still room to further enhance CHO cell lines performance. 'Omics analysis is a powerful tool to better understand different phenotypes and for the identification of gene targets for engineering. Here, we present a comprehensive review of previous CHO 'omics studies that revealed changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes. We highlight targets for genetic engineering that have reduced, or have the potential to reduce, apoptosis or to increase cell proliferation in CHO cells, with the final aim of increasing productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Orellana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew N Henry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter P Gray
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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16
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Chai YR, Cao XX, Ge MM, Mi CL, Guo X, Wang TY. Knockout of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase in Chinese hamster ovary cells by CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technology. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Illiano A, Pinto G, Melchiorre C, Carpentieri A, Faraco V, Amoresano A. Protein Glycosylation Investigated by Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Cells 2020; 9:E1986. [PMID: 32872358 PMCID: PMC7564411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of crucial importance for its involvement in molecular recognition, protein trafficking, regulation, and inflammation. Indeed, abnormalities in protein glycosylation are correlated with several disease states such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and congenial disorders. The understanding of cellular mechanisms through the elucidation of glycan composition encourages researchers to find analytical solutions for their detection. Actually, the multiplicity and diversity of glycan structures bond to the proteins, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies make their detection much trickier than other kinds of biopolymers. An overview of the most prominent techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) for protein glycosylation (glycoproteomics) studies is here presented. The tricks and pre-treatments of samples are discussed as a crucial step prodromal to the MS analysis to improve the glycan ionization efficiency. Therefore, the different instrumental MS mode is also explored for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycopeptides and the glycans structural composition, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi—Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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18
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Effects of viral promoters, the Woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element, and weakened antibiotic resistance markers on transgene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Mufarrege EF, Benizio EL, Prieto CC, Chiappini F, Rodriguez MC, Etcheverrigaray M, Kratje RB. Development of Magoh protein-overexpressing HEK cells for optimized therapeutic protein production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:230-238. [PMID: 32249976 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, the need for high levels of protein expression in mammalian cells has prompted the search for new strategies, including technologies to obtain cells with improved mechanisms that enhance its transcriptional activity, folding, or protein secretion. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most used host cell for therapeutic protein expression. However, these cells produce specific glycans that are not present in human cells and therefore potentially immunogenic. As a result, there is an increased interest in the use of human-derived cells for therapeutic protein production. For many decades, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were exclusively used for research. However, two products for therapeutic indication were recently approved in the United States. It was previously shown that tethered Magoh, an Exon-junction complex core component, to specific mRNA sequences, have had significant positive effects on mRNA translational efficiency. In this study, a HEK Magoh-overexpressing cell line and clones, designated here as HEK-MAGO, were developed for the first time. These cells exhibited improved characteristics in protein expression, reaching -two- to threefold increases in rhEPO protein production in comparison with the wild-type cells. Moreover, this effect was promoter independent highlighting the versatility of this expression platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Mufarrege
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio FBCB - Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Evangelina L Benizio
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio C Prieto
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Chiappini
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Marina Etcheverrigaray
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio FBCB - Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo B Kratje
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Edificio FBCB - Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Cell Culture Laboratory, Edificio FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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20
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Ma X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wang C, Guo X, Yang Y, Wang L, Li X, Ma N. Validation and identification of reference genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells for Fc-fusion protein production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:690-702. [PMID: 32216463 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220914058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT In order to reveal potential genotype-phenotype relationship, RT-qPCR reactions are frequently applied which require validated and reliable reference genes. With the investigation on long-term passage and fed-batch cultivation of CHO cells producing an Fc-fusion protein, four new reference genes-Akr1a1, Gpx1, Aprt, and Rps16, were identified from 20 candidates with the aid of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt programs and methods. This article provided more verified options in reference gene selection in related research on CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiangru Li
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ningning Ma
- Wuya college of Innovation; College of life science and biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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21
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Henry MN, MacDonald MA, Orellana CA, Gray PP, Gillard M, Baker K, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E, Mahler S, Martínez VS. Attenuating apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells for improved biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Henry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michael A. MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Camila A. Orellana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter P. Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Patheon Biologics—A Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Verónica S. Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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22
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Mammalian Systems Biotechnology Reveals Global Cellular Adaptations in a Recombinant CHO Cell Line. Cell Syst 2019; 4:530-542.e6. [PMID: 28544881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective development of host cells for therapeutic protein production is hampered by the poor characterization of cellular transfection. Here, we employed a multi-omics-based systems biotechnology approach to elucidate the genotypic and phenotypic differences between a wild-type and recombinant antibody-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. At the genomic level, we observed extensive rearrangements in specific targeted loci linked to transgene integration sites. Transcriptional re-wiring of DNA damage repair and cellular metabolism in the antibody producer, via changes in gene copy numbers, was also detected. Subsequent integration of transcriptomic data with a genome-scale metabolic model showed a substantial increase in energy metabolism in the antibody producer. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics analyses revealed an elevation in long-chain lipid species, potentially associated with protein transport and secretion requirements, and a surprising stability of N-glycosylation profiles between both cell lines. Overall, the proposed knowledge-based systems biotechnology framework can further accelerate mammalian cell-line engineering in a targeted manner.
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23
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Heparin Contamination and Issues Related to Raw Materials and Controls. THE SCIENCE AND REGULATIONS OF NATURALLY DERIVED COMPLEX DRUGS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11751-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Ali AS, Raju R, Kshirsagar R, Ivanov AR, Gilbert A, Zang L, Karger BL. Multi-Omics Study on the Impact of Cysteine Feed Level on Cell Viability and mAb Production in a CHO Bioprocess. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800352. [PMID: 30485675 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is continual demand to maximize CHO cell culture productivity of a biotherapeutic while maintaining product quality. In this study, a comprehensive multi-omics analysis is performed to investigate the cellular response to the level of dosing of the amino acid cysteine (Cys) in the production of a monoclonal antibody (mAb). When Cys feed levels are insufficient, there is a significant decrease in protein titer. Multi-omics (metabolomics and proteomics, with support from RNAseq) is performed over the time course of the CHO bioprocess producing an IgG1 mAb in 5 L bioreactors. Pathway analysis reveals that insufficient levels of Cys in the feed lead to Cys depletion in the cell. This depletion negatively impacts antioxidant molecules, such as glutathione (GSH) and taurine, leading to oxidative stress with multiple deleterious cellular effects. In this paper, the resultant ER stress and subsequent apoptosis that affects cell viability and viable cell density has been considered. Key metabolic enzymes and metabolites are identified that can be potentially monitored as the process progresses and/or increased in the cell either by nutrient feeding or genetic engineering. This work reinforces the centrality of redox balance to cellular health and success of the bioprocess as well as the power of multi-omics to provide an in-depth understanding of the CHO cell biology during biopharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S Ali
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ravali Raju
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alan Gilbert
- Cell Culture Development, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Li Zang
- Analytical Development, Biogen, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Barry L Karger
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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25
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26
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Kaushik P, Henry M, Clynes M, Meleady P. The Expression Pattern of the Phosphoproteome Is Significantly Changed During the Growth Phases of Recombinant CHO Cell Culture. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700221. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology; Dublin City University; Dublin 9 Ireland
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27
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Goey CH, Alhuthali S, Kontoravdi C. Host cell protein removal from biopharmaceutical preparations: Towards the implementation of quality by design. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1223-1237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Miao Z, Li Q, Zhao J, Wang P, Wang L, He HP, Wang N, Zhou H, Zhang TC, Luo XG. Stable expression of infliximab in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BAK1-deficient CHO cells. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1209-1218. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Guang MHZ, McCann A, Bianchi G, Zhang L, Dowling P, Bazou D, O’Gorman P, Anderson KC. Overcoming multiple myeloma drug resistance in the era of cancer 'omics'. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:542-561. [PMID: 28610537 PMCID: PMC6152877 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1337115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is among the most compelling examples of cancer in which research has markedly improved the length and quality of lives of those afflicted. Research efforts have led to 18 newly approved treatments over the last 12 years, including seven in 2015. However, despite significant improvement in overall survival, MM remains incurable as most patients inevitably, yet unpredictably, develop refractory disease. Recent advances in high-throughput 'omics' techniques afford us an unprecedented opportunity to (1) understand drug resistance at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level; (2) discover novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers; (3) develop novel therapeutic targets and rational drug combinations; and (4) optimize risk-adapted strategies to circumvent drug resistance, thus bringing us closer to a cure for MM. In this review, we provide an overview of 'omics' technologies in MM biomarker and drug discovery, highlighting recent insights into MM drug resistance gleaned from the use of 'omics' techniques. Moving from the bench to bedside, we also highlight future trends in MM, with a focus on the potential use of 'omics' technologies as diagnostic, prognostic, or response/relapse monitoring tools to guide therapeutic decisions anchored upon highly individualized, targeted, durable, and rationally informed combination therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho Zhi Guang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural
Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University
College Dublin, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu, China
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University
Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple
Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Pereira S, Kildegaard HF, Andersen MR. Impact of CHO Metabolism on Cell Growth and Protein Production: An Overview of Toxic and Inhibiting Metabolites and Nutrients. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700499. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mikael Rørdam Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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31
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Tejwani V, Andersen MR, Nam JH, Sharfstein ST. Glycoengineering in CHO Cells: Advances in Systems Biology. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700234. [PMID: 29316325 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, glycoprotein biologics have been successfully produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The therapeutic efficacy and potency of glycoprotein biologics are often dictated by their post-translational modifications, particularly glycosylation, which unlike protein synthesis, is a non-templated process. Consequently, both native and recombinant glycoprotein production generate heterogeneous mixtures containing variable amounts of different glycoforms. Stability, potency, plasma half-life, and immunogenicity of the glycoprotein biologic are directly influenced by the glycoforms. Recently, CHO cells have also been explored for production of therapeutic glycosaminoglycans (e.g., heparin), which presents similar challenges as producing glycoproteins biologics. Approaches to controlling heterogeneity in CHO cells and directing the biosynthetic process toward desired glycoforms are not well understood. A systems biology approach combining different technologies is needed for complete understanding of the molecular processes accounting for this variability and to open up new venues in cell line development. In this review, we describe several advances in genetic manipulation, modeling, and glycan and glycoprotein analysis that together will provide new strategies for glycoengineering of CHO cells with desired or enhanced glycosylation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tejwani
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Mikael R Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
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32
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Vcelar S, Melcher M, Auer N, Hrdina A, Puklowski A, Leisch F, Jadhav V, Wenger T, Baumann M, Borth N. Changes in Chromosome Counts and Patterns in CHO Cell Lines upon Generation of Recombinant Cell Lines and Subcloning. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700495. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Vcelar
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Michael Melcher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Norbert Auer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Astrid Hrdina
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Anja Puklowski
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Biberach 88307; Germany
| | - Friedrich Leisch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Till Wenger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG; Biberach 88307; Germany
| | - Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology; Vienna 1190; Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna 1190; Austria
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33
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Valdés-Bango Curell R, Barron N. Exploring the Potential Application of Short Non-Coding RNA-Based Genetic Circuits in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700220. [PMID: 29377624 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of cell engineering for recombinant protein production to date has relied on traditional genetic engineering strategies, such as gene overexpression and gene knock-outs, to substantially improve the production capabilities of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. However, further improvements in cellular productivity or control over product quality is likely to require more sophisticated rational approaches to coordinate and balance cellular pathways. For these strategies to be implemented, novel molecular tools need to be developed to facilitate more refined control of gene expression. Multiple gene control strategies are developed over the last decades in the field of synthetic biology, including DNA and RNA-based systems, which allows tight and timely control over gene expression. microRNAs has received a lot of attention over the last decade in the CHO field and are used to engineer and improve CHO cells. In this review we focus on microRNA-based gene control systems and discuss their potential use as tools rather than targets in order to gain better control over gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niall Barron
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland.,University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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34
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Onitsuka M, Kinoshita Y, Nishizawa A, Tsutsui T, Omasa T. Enhanced IgG1 production by overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:675-685. [PMID: 29188404 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several engineering strategies have been employed to improve the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We have focused on unfolded protein response-based engineering and reported that ATF4 overexpression increases protein production. In this study, transcriptome analysis of ATF4-overexpressed CHO cells was performed using high-coverage expression profiling, to search for another key factor contributing to recombinant protein production. We observed the upregulated expression of transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ or Iκbζ), in ATF4-overexpressed cells. A total of 1917 bp of CHO NFKBIZ cDNA was cloned, and two stable cell lines overexpressing NFKBIZ were constructed. We investigated the effects of NFKBIZ on IgG1 production in CHO cells. Although the two stable cell lines, NFKBIZ-A and -B, had the opposite phenotypes in cell growth, the specific IgG1 production rate of both cell lines was enhanced by 1.2-1.4-fold. In the NFKBIZ-A cell line, the synergistic effect between enhanced viable cell density and improved specific IgG1 production rate brought about a large increase in the final IgG1 titer. Luciferase-based NF-κB signaling assay results suggest that altered p50/p50 signaling seems to be due to the opposite phenotypes in cell growth. No difference was observed in the translational levels and intracellular assembly states of IgG1 between mock and two NFKBIZ cell lines, indicating that the secretion machinery of correctly folded IgG1 was enhanced in NFKBIZ-overexpressing cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Yukie Kinoshita
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tsutsui
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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35
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Stolfa G, Smonskey MT, Boniface R, Hachmann AB, Gulde P, Joshi AD, Pierce AP, Jacobia SJ, Campbell A. CHO-Omics Review: The Impact of Current and Emerging Technologies on Chinese Hamster Ovary Based Bioproduction. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700227. [PMID: 29072373 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CHO cells are the most prevalent platform for modern bio-therapeutic production. Currently, there are several CHO cell lines used in bioproduction with distinct characteristics and unique genotypes and phenotypes. These differences limit advances in productivity and quality that can be achieved by the most common approaches to bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering. Incorporating omics-based approaches into current bioproduction processes will complement traditional methodologies to maximize gains from CHO engineering and bioprocess improvements. In order to highlight the utility of omics technologies in CHO bioproduction, the authors discuss current applications as well as limitations of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, fluxomics, glycomics, and multi-omics approaches and the potential they hold for the future of bioproduction. Multiple omics approaches are currently being used to improve CHO bioprocesses; however, the application of these technologies is still limited. As more CHO-omic datasets become available and integrated into systems models, the authors expect significant gains in product yield and quality. While individual omics technologies provide incremental improvements in bioproduction, the authors will likely see the most significant gains by applying multi-omics and systems biology approaches to individual CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Stolfa
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Ryan Boniface
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Paul Gulde
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Atul D Joshi
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Anson P Pierce
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Scott J Jacobia
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
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36
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Tian ZW, Xu DH, Wang TY, Wang XY, Xu HY, Zhao CP, Xu GH. Identification of a potent MAR element from the human genome and assessment of its activity in stably transfected CHO cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1095-1102. [PMID: 29077269 PMCID: PMC5783848 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-level and unstable transgene expression are common issues using the CHO cell expression system. Matrix attachment regions (MARs) enhance transgene expression levels, but additional research is needed to improve their function and to determine their mechanism of action. MAR-6 from CHO chromosomes actively mediates high and consistent gene expression. In this study, we compared the effects of two new MARs and MAR-6 on transgene expression in recombinant CHO cells and found one potent MAR element that can significantly increase transgene expression. Two MARs, including the human CSP-B MAR element and DHFR intron MAR element from CHO cells, were cloned and inserted downstream of the poly(A) site in a eukaryotic vector. The constructs were transfected into CHO cells, and the expression levels and stability of eGFP were detected by flow cytometry. The three MAR sequences can be ranked in terms of overall eGFP expression, in decreasing order, as follows: human CSP-B, DHFR intron MAR element and MAR-6. Additionally, as expected, the three MAR-containing vectors showed higher transfection efficiencies and transient transgene expression in comparison with those of the non-MAR-containing vector. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the NFAT and VIBP elements within MAR sequences may contribute to the enhancement of eGFP expression. In conclusion, the human CSP-B MAR element can improve transgene expression and its effects may be related to the NFAT and VIBP elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Dan-Hua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chun-Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Hua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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37
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Huang Z, Lee DY, Yoon S. Quantitative intracellular flux modeling and applications in biotherapeutic development and production using CHO cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2717-2728. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangrong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell; One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell; One University Avenue; Lowell Massachusetts
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38
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Henry M, Power M, Kaushik P, Coleman O, Clynes M, Meleady P. Differential Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Following Temperature Shift. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2339-2358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Power
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Orla Coleman
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular
Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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39
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Gowtham YK, Saski CA, Harcum SW. Low glucose concentrations within typical industrial operating conditions have minimal effect on the transcriptome of recombinant CHO cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:771-785. [PMID: 28371311 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Typically, mammalian cell culture medium contains high glucose concentrations that are analogous to diabetic levels in humans, suggesting that mammalian cells are cultivated in excessive glucose. Using RNA-Seq, this study characterized the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell transcriptome under two glucose concentrations to assess the genetic effects associated with metabolic pathways, in addition to other global responses. The initial extracellular glucose concentrations used represented high (30 mM) and low (10 mM) glucose conditions, where at the time the transcriptomes were compared, the glucose concentrations were approximately 24 and 4.4 mM for the mid-exponential cultures, where 4.4 mM represents a common target concentration in the biopharmaceutical industry for controlled fed-batch cultures. A recombinant CHO cell line producing a monoclonal antibody was used, such that the impact on glycosylation genes could be evaluated. Relatively few genes were identified as being significantly different (FDR ≤ 0.01) between the high and low glucose conditions, for example, only 575 genes, and only 40 of these genes had 2-fold or greater differences. Gene expression differences for glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glycosylation-related reactions were minimal and unlikely to have biological significance. This transcriptome study indicates that low glucose concentrations in the culture medium are unlikely to cause any biologically significant or detrimental changes to CHO cells at the transcriptome level. Furthermore, it is well-known that maintaining low glucose concentrations in fed-batch cultures can reduce lactate production, which in turn improves process outcomes. Taken together, the transcriptome data supports the continued development of low glucose-based processes to control lactate. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:771-785, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Saski
- Inst. of Translational Genomics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634.,Dept. of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634
| | - Sarah W Harcum
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634
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40
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Zhao L, Fu HY, Raju R, Vishwanathan N, Hu WS. Unveiling gene trait relationship by cross-platform meta-analysis on Chinese hamster ovary cell transcriptome. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1583-1592. [PMID: 28218403 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, transcriptome analysis has been increasingly employed to better understand the physiology of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at a global level. As more transcriptome data accumulated, meta-analysis on data sets collected from various sources can potentially provide better insights on common properties of those cells. Here, we performed meta-analysis on transcriptome data of different CHO cell lines obtained using NimbleGen or Affymetrix microarray platforms. Hierarchical clustering, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) accordantly showed the samples were clustered into two groups: one consists of adherent cells in serum-containing medium, and the other suspension cells in serum-free medium. Genes that were differentially expressed between the two clusters were enriched in a few functional classes by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) of which many were common with the enriched gene sets identified by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), including extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and lipid related metabolism pathways. Despite the heterogeneous sources of the cell samples, the adherent and suspension growth characteristics and serum-supplementation appear to be a dominant feature in the transcriptome. The results demonstrated that meta-analysis of transcriptome could uncover features in combined data sets that individual data set might not reveal. As transcriptome data sets accumulate over time, meta-analysis will become even more revealing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1583-1592. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hsu-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ravali Raju
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Nandita Vishwanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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41
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Hsu HH, Araki M, Mochizuki M, Hori Y, Murata M, Kahar P, Yoshida T, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. A Systematic Approach to Time-series Metabolite Profiling and RNA-seq Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43518. [PMID: 28252038 PMCID: PMC5333161 DOI: 10.1038/srep43518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host used for biopharmaceutical protein production. The engineering of CHO cells to produce higher amounts of biopharmaceuticals has been highly dependent on empirical approaches, but recent high-throughput "omics" methods are changing the situation in a rational manner. Omics data analyses using gene expression or metabolite profiling make it possible to identify key genes and metabolites in antibody production. Systematic omics approaches using different types of time-series data are expected to further enhance understanding of cellular behaviours and molecular networks for rational design of CHO cells. This study developed a systematic method for obtaining and analysing time-dependent intracellular and extracellular metabolite profiles, RNA-seq data (enzymatic mRNA levels) and cell counts from CHO cell cultures to capture an overall view of the CHO central metabolic pathway (CMP). We then calculated correlation coefficients among all the profiles and visualised the whole CMP by heatmap analysis and metabolic pathway mapping, to classify genes and metabolites together. This approach provides an efficient platform to identify key genes and metabolites in CHO cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsiu Hsu
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Araki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masao Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hori
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Prihardi Kahar
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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42
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Vaidyanathan D, Williams A, Dordick JS, Koffas MA, Linhardt RJ. Engineered heparins as new anticoagulant drugs. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:17-30. [PMID: 28516163 PMCID: PMC5412866 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is an anionic polysaccharide that is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant. This glycosaminoglycan is prepared from animal tissues in metric ton quantities. Animal-sourced heparin is also widely used in the preparation of low molecular weight heparins that are gaining in popularity as a result of their improved pharmacological properties. The recent contamination of pharmaceutical heparin together with concerns about increasing demand for this life saving drug and the fragility of the heparin supply chain has led the scientific community to consider other potential sources for heparin. This review examines progress toward the preparation of engineered heparins through chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asher Williams
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Dept. of BiologyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
| | - Mattheos A.G. Koffas
- Dept. of BiologyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Dept. of BiologyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY12180
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43
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Zhao CP, Guo X, Chen SJ, Li CZ, Yang Y, Zhang JH, Chen SN, Jia YL, Wang TY. Matrix attachment region combinations increase transgene expression in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42805. [PMID: 28216629 PMCID: PMC5316954 DOI: 10.1038/srep42805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are cis-acting DNA elements that can increase transgene expression levels in a CHO cell expression system. To investigate the effects of MAR combinations on transgene expression and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, we generated constructs in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene flanked by different combinations of human β-interferon and β-globin MAR (iMAR and gMAR, respectively), which was driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or simian virus (SV) 40 promoter. These were transfected into CHO-K1 cells, which were screened with geneticin; eGFP expression was detected by flow cytometry. The presence of MAR elements increased transfection efficiency and transient and stably expression of eGFP expression under both promoters; the level was higher when the two MARs differed (i.e., iMAR and gMAR) under the CMV but not the SV40 promoter. For the latter, two gMARs showed the highest activity. We also found that MARs increased the ratio of stably transfected positive colonies. These results indicate that combining the CMV promoter with two different MAR elements or the SV40 promoter with two gMARs is effective for inducing high expression level and stability of transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Si-Jia Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Jun-He Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shao-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yan-Long Jia
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
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44
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Dahodwala H, Sharfstein ST. The 'Omics Revolution in CHO Biology: Roadmap to Improved CHO Productivity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1603:153-168. [PMID: 28493129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased understanding of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell physiology has been ushered in upon availability of the parental CHO-K1 cell line genome. Free and openly accessible sequence information has complemented transcriptomic and proteomic studies. The previous decade has also seen an increase in sensitivity and accuracy of proteomic methods due to technology development. In this genomic era, high-throughput screening methods, sophisticated informatic tools, and models continually drive major innovations in cell line development and process engineering. This review describes the various achievements in 'omics techniques and their application to improve recombinant protein expression from CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Dahodwala
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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Hansen HG, Pristovšek N, Kildegaard HF, Lee GM. Improving the secretory capacity of Chinese hamster ovary cells by ectopic expression of effector genes: Lessons learned and future directions. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pfizenmaier
- University of Stuttgart; Institute of Biochemical Engineering; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- University of Stuttgart; Institute of Biochemical Engineering; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Lee N, Shin J, Park JH, Lee GM, Cho S, Cho BK. Targeted Gene Deletion Using DNA-Free RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease Accelerates Adaptation of CHO Cells to Suspension Culture. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1211-1219. [PMID: 26854539 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host for the production of a wide array of biopharmaceuticals. Thus, efficient and rational CHO cell line engineering methods have been in high demand to improve quality and productivity. Here, we provide a novel genome engineering platform for increasing desirable phenotypes of CHO cells based upon the integrative protocol of high-throughput RNA sequencing and DNA-free RNA-guided Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein9) nuclease-based genome editing. For commercial production of therapeutic proteins, CHO cells have been adapted for suspension culture in serum-free media, which is highly beneficial with respect to productivity and economics. To engineer CHO cells for rapid adaptation to a suspension culture, we exploited strand-specific RNA-seq to identify genes differentially expressed according to their adaptation trajectory in serum-free media. More than 180 million sequencing reads were generated and mapped to the currently available 109,152 scaffolds of the CHO-K1 genome. We identified significantly downregulated genes according to the adaptation trajectory and then verified their effects using the genome editing method. Growth-based screening and targeted amplicon sequencing revealed that the functional deletions of Igfbp4 and AqpI gene accelerate suspension adaptation of CHO-K1 cells. The availability of this strand-specific transcriptome sequencing and DNA-free RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease mediated genome editing facilitates the rational design of the CHO cell genome for efficient production of high quality therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namil Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - JongOh Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, KAIST , Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Zucchelli S, Patrucco L, Persichetti F, Gustincich S, Cotella D. Engineering Translation in Mammalian Cell Factories to Increase Protein Yield: The Unexpected Use of Long Non-Coding SINEUP RNAs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:404-410. [PMID: 27872686 PMCID: PMC5107644 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells are an indispensable tool for the production of recombinant proteins in contexts where function depends on post-translational modifications. Among them, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the primary factories for the production of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). To improve expression and stability, several methodologies have been adopted, including methods based on media formulation, selective pressure and cell- or vector engineering. This review presents current approaches aimed at improving mammalian cell factories that are based on the enhancement of translation. Among well-established techniques (codon optimization and improvement of mRNA secondary structure), we describe SINEUPs, a family of antisense long non-coding RNAs that are able to increase translation of partially overlapping protein-coding mRNAs. By exploiting their modular structure, SINEUP molecules can be designed to target virtually any mRNA of interest, and thus to increase the production of secreted proteins. Thus, synthetic SINEUPs represent a new versatile tool to improve the production of secreted proteins in biomanufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zucchelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Patrucco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Gustincich
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Exploring human glycosylation for better therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Ritter A, Rauschert T, Oertli M, Piehlmaier D, Mantas P, Kuntzelmann G, Lageyre N, Brannetti B, Voedisch B, Geisse S, Jostock T, Laux H. Disruption of the gene C12orf35
leads to increased productivities in recombinant CHO cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2433-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anett Ritter
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Mevion Oertli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Piehlmaier
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Lageyre
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Voedisch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Sabine Geisse
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jostock
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
| | - Holger Laux
- Novartis Pharma AG; Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Werk Klybeck Postfach CH-4002; Basel Switzerland
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