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Jannat MAH, Park SH, Hwang S. Modeling interactions of Clostridium cadaveris and Clostridium sporogenes in anaerobic acidogenesis of glucose and peptone. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130099. [PMID: 38013037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on developing a mathematical model to assess interaction among acidogenic bacteria during the anaerobic degradation of two substrates. Clostridium cadaveris and Clostridium sporogenes were cultured in various combinations with glucose and peptone. Parameter estimates are given for both conventional Monod parameters from single substrate-single species cultures and sum kinetics with interaction parameters obtained from dual substrate-single species cultures. The presence of multiple substrates led to both inhibitory and enhancing effects on biodegradation rates for dual substrates compared to single substrate cultures. A new model of interspecies interaction was developed within the framework of Lotka-Volterra incorporating substrate interaction parameters, with a focus on accuracy, realism, simplicity, and biological significance. The model demonstrated competitive interaction for resource sharing and the additional non-linearity parameter eliminated the constraint of the linear relationship between growth rate and population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Hanifa Jannat
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
| | - Sang Hyeok Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; Yonsei University Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Aydin DC, Faber SC, Attiani V, Eskes J, Aldas-Vargas A, Grotenhuis T, Rijnaarts H. Indene, indane and naphthalene in a mixture with BTEX affect aerobic compound biodegradation kinetics and indigenous microbial community development. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139761. [PMID: 37558001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) are common pollutants often found in former gasworks sites together with some other contaminants like indene, indane and naphthalene (Ie, Ia, N). This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory or stimulative substrate interactions between BTEX, and Ie, Ia, N during aerobic biodegradation. For this, batch bottles, containing originally anaerobic subsurface sediments, groundwater and indigenous microorganisms from a contaminated former gasworks site, were spiked with various substrate combinations (BTEX, BTEXIe, BTEXIa, BTEXN, BTEXIeIa, BTEXIeN, BTEXIaN, BTEXIeIaN). Subsequently concentrations were monitored over time. For the BTEXIeIaN mixture, initial concentrations were between 1 and 5 mg L-1, and all compounds were completely degraded by the microbial consortia within 39 days of incubation. The experimental data were fitted to a first order kinetic degradation model for interpretation of inhibition/stimulation between the compounds. Results showed that indene, indane, and naphthalene inhibited the degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, with benzene being the most affected. M/p-xylene is the only compound whose biodegradation is stimulated by the presence of indene and indane (individually or mixed) but inhibited by the presence of naphthalene. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed differentiation in the microbial communities within the batches with different substrate mixtures, especially within the two microbial groups Micrococcaceae and Commamonaceae. Indene had more effect on the BTEX microbial community than indane or naphthalene and the presence of indene increased the relative abundance of Micrococcaceae family. In conclusion, co-presence of various pollutants leads to differentiation in degradation processes as well as in microbial community development. This sheds some light on the underlying reasons for that organic compounds present in mixtures in the subsurface of former gasworks sites are either recalcitrant or subjective towards biodegradation, and this understanding helps to further improve the bioremediation of such sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Camille Aydin
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Valentina Attiani
- Department of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Jordie Eskes
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Aldas-Vargas
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim Grotenhuis
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Booth AM, Sørensen L, Brakstad OG, Ribicic D, Creese M, Arey JS, Lyon DY, Redman AD, Martin-Aparicio A, Camenzuli L, Wang N, Gros J. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Peak Tracking for Screening of Constituent Biodegradation in Petroleum UVCB Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12583-12593. [PMID: 37590158 PMCID: PMC10469455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum substances, as archetypical UVCBs (substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological substances), pose a challenge for chemical risk assessment as they contain hundreds to thousands of individual constituents. It is particularly challenging to determine the biodegradability of petroleum substances since each constituent behaves differently. Testing the whole substance provides an average biodegradation, but it would be effectively impossible to obtain all constituents and test them individually. To overcome this challenge, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) in combination with advanced data-handling algorithms was applied to track and calculate degradation half-times (DT50s) of individual constituents in two dispersed middle distillate gas oils in seawater. By tracking >1000 peaks (representing ∼53-54% of the total mass across the entire chromatographic area), known biodegradation patterns of oil constituents were confirmed and extended to include many hundreds not currently investigated by traditional one-dimensional GC methods. Approximately 95% of the total tracked peak mass biodegraded after 64 days. By tracking the microbial community evolution, a correlation between the presence of functional microbial communities and the observed progression of DT50s between chemical classes was demonstrated. This approach could be used to screen the persistence of GC × GC-amenable constituents of petroleum substance UVCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Samuel Arey
- Oleolytics
LLC, Lebanon, New Jersey 08833, United States
| | | | - Aaron D. Redman
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
- Concawe, Brussels 1160, Belgium
| | | | - Louise Camenzuli
- ExxonMobil
Petroleum & Chemical B.V., Machelen 1831, Belgium
- Concawe, Brussels 1160, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Gros
- Scientific
Consultant, Villars-sur-Glâne 1752, Switzerland
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4
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Konya A, Fiddler BA, Bunch O, Hess KZ, Ferguson C, Krzmarzick MJ. Lead or cadmium co-contamination alters benzene and toluene degrading bacterial communities. Biodegradation 2023; 34:357-369. [PMID: 36840890 PMCID: PMC10191895 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of hydrocarbons with heavy metals in soils often complicates and hinders bioremediation. A comprehensive characterization of site-specific degraders at contaminated sites can help determine if in situ bioremediation processes are sufficient. This study aimed to identify differences in benzene and toluene degradation rates and the microbial communities enriched under aerobic conditions when different concentrations of Cd and Pb are introduced. Microcosms were used to study the degradation of 0.23 mM benzene or 0.19 mM toluene under various concentrations of Pb (up to 240 µM) and Cd (up to 440 µM). Soil collected from a stormwater retention basin receiving runoff from a large parking lot was utilized to seed the microcosms. The hydrocarbon degradation time and rates were measured. After further rounds of amendment and degradation of benzene and toluene, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR were used to ascertain the microbial communities enriched under the various concentrations of the heavy metals. The initial degradation time for toluene and benzene was 7 to 9 days and 10 to 13 days, respectively. Degradation rates were similar for each hydrocarbon despite the concentration and presence of metal co-contaminant, however, the enriched microbial communities under each condition differed. Microcosms without metal co-contaminant contained a diversity of putative benzene and toluene degrading bacteria. Cd strongly reduced the richness of the microbial communities. With higher levels of heavy metals, genera such as Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Azoarcus, and Rhodococcus became more dominant under various conditions. The study finds that highly efficient benzene- and toluene-degrading consortia can develop under variations of heavy metal co-contamination, but the consortia are dependent on the heavy metal type and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Konya
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Brice A Fiddler
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Olivia Bunch
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kendra Z Hess
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Cade Ferguson
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Mark J Krzmarzick
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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5
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Davenport R, Curtis‐Jackson P, Dalkmann P, Davies J, Fenner K, Hand L, McDonough K, Ott A, Ortega‐Calvo JJ, Parsons JR, Schäffer A, Sweetlove C, Trapp S, Wang N, Redman A. Scientific concepts and methods for moving persistence assessments into the 21st century. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1454-1487. [PMID: 34989108 PMCID: PMC9790601 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of a chemical substance's persistence is key to understanding its environmental fate, exposure concentration, and, ultimately, environmental risk. Traditional biodegradation test methods were developed many years ago for soluble, nonvolatile, single-constituent test substances, which do not represent the wide range of manufactured chemical substances. In addition, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) screening and simulation test methods do not fully reflect the environmental conditions into which substances are released and, therefore, estimates of chemical degradation half-lives can be very uncertain and may misrepresent real environmental processes. In this paper, we address the challenges and limitations facing current test methods and the scientific advances that are helping to both understand and provide solutions to them. Some of these advancements include the following: (1) robust methods that provide a deeper understanding of microbial composition, diversity, and abundance to ensure consistency and/or interpret variability between tests; (2) benchmarking tools and reference substances that aid in persistence evaluations through comparison against substances with well-quantified degradation profiles; (3) analytical methods that allow quantification for parent and metabolites at environmentally relevant concentrations, and inform on test substance bioavailability, biochemical pathways, rates of primary versus overall degradation, and rates of metabolite formation and decay; (4) modeling tools that predict the likelihood of microbial biotransformation, as well as biochemical pathways; and (5) modeling approaches that allow for derivation of more generally applicable biotransformation rate constants, by accounting for physical and/or chemical processes and test system design when evaluating test data. We also identify that, while such advancements could improve the certainty and accuracy of persistence assessments, the mechanisms and processes by which they are translated into regulatory practice and development of new OECD test guidelines need improving and accelerating. Where uncertainty remains, holistic weight of evidence approaches may be required to accurately assess the persistence of chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1454-1487. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Dalkmann
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental SafetyMonheimGermany
| | | | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Laurence Hand
- Syngenta, Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellUK
| | | | - Amelie Ott
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Jose Julio Ortega‐Calvo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSevillaSpain
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental ResearchAachenGermany
| | - Cyril Sweetlove
- L'Oréal Research & InnovationEnvironmental Research DepartmentAulnay‐sous‐BoisFrance
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvetLyngbyDenmark
| | - Neil Wang
- Total Marketing & ServicesParis la DéfenseFrance
| | - Aaron Redman
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and ChemicalMachelenBelgium
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6
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Xing Z, Su X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhao T. Direct aerobic oxidation (DAO) of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons: A review of key DAO bacteria, biometabolic pathways and in-situ bioremediation potential. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107165. [PMID: 35278801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquifers and vadose zones with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) is a world-wide issue. Unlike other reactions, direct aerobic oxidation (DAO) of CAHs does not require growth substrates and avoids the generation of toxic by-products. Here, we critically review the current understanding of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO and its application in bioreactors and at the field scale. According to reports on chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO bacteria, isolates mainly consisted of Methylobacterium and Proteobacterium. Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO bacteria are characterized by tolerance to a high concentration of CAHs and highly efficient removal of CAHs. Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) is easily transformed biomass for bacteria, followed by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), dichloromethane (DCM), vinyl chloride (VC) and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE). Significant differences in the maximum specific growth rates were observed with different CAHs and biometabolic pathways for DCM, 1,2-DCA, VC and c-DCE degradation have been successfully parsed. Detection of the functional genes etnC and etnE is useful for the determination of active VC DAO bacteria. Additionally, DAO bacteria have been successfully applied to CAHs in new types of bioreactors with satisfactory results. To the best of the authors' knowledge, only one study on DAO-CAHs was conducted in-situ and resulted in 99% CAH removal. Lastly, we put forward future development prospect of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons-DAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xia Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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7
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Miri S, Rasooli A, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Martel R. Biodegradation of p-xylene-a comparison of three psychrophilic Pseudomonas strains through the lens of gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21465-21479. [PMID: 34762239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
p-Xylene is considered a recalcitrant compound despite showing a similar aromatic structure to other BTEXs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers). This study evaluated the p-xylene biodegradation potential of three psychrophilic Pseudomonas strains (Pseudomonas putida S2TR-01, Pseudomonas synxantha S2TR-20, and Pseudomonas azotoformans S2TR-09). The p-xylene metabolism-related catabolic genes (xylM, xylA, and xylE) and the corresponding regulatory genes (xylR and xylS) of the selected strains were investigated. The biodegradation results showed that the P. azotoformans S2TR-09 strain was the only strain that was able to degrade 200 mg/L p-xylene after 60 h at 15 °C. The gene expression study indicated that the xylE (encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) gene represents the bottleneck in p-xylene biodegradation. A lack of xylE expression leads to the accumulation of intermediates and the inhibition of biomass production and complete carbon recovery. The activity of xylene monooxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase was significantly increased in P. azotoformans S2TR-09 (0.5 and 0.08 U/mg, respectively) in the presence of p-xylene. The expression of the ring cleavage enzyme and its encoding gene (xylE) and activator (xylS) explained the differences in the p-xylene metabolism of the isolated bacteria and can be used as a novel biomarker of efficient p-xylene biodegradation at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Azadeh Rasooli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Richard Martel
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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Szentgyörgyi F, Benedek T, Fekete D, Táncsics A, Harkai P, Kriszt B. Development of a bacterial consortium from Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas veronii isolates applicable in the removal of BTEX. AMB Express 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 35075552 PMCID: PMC8787013 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report on the development of a novel bacterial consortium, consisting of Variovorax paradoxus and Pseudomonas veronii isolates, applicable in the biodegradation of all six BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m- and p-xylene) and the bioremediation of contaminated sites. The co-cultivability of the selected bacterial isolates was determined in nutrient-rich medium, as well as in BTEX amended mineral salts solution using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and CFU determinations. BTEX biodegradation capacity of the two-strain consortium was assessed in mineral salts solution, where a series of BTEX depletions and supplementations occurred, as well as in a real, BTEX polluted environmental sample (contaminated groundwater) in the presence of the autochthonous bacterial community. The obtained results indicated that the developed bacterial consortium is very efficient in BTEX biodegradation. Under laboratory conditions, the acclimatized bacterial consortium completely degraded the BTEX mixture with a concentration as high as 20 mg l-1 in a mineral salt medium within a short span of 6 h. Close to in situ groundwater conditions (incubated at 15 °C under static conditions in the absence of light), groundwater microcosms containing the autochthonous bacterial community inoculated with the developed bacterial consortium showed more efficient toluene, o-, m-and p-xylene biodegradation capacity than microcosms containing solely the native microbial population originally found in the groundwater. In the inoculated microcosms, after 115 h of incubation the concentration (~ 1.7 mg l-1 each) of o-, m- and p-xylene decreased to zero, whereas in the non-inoculated microcosms the concentration of xylene isomers was still 0.2, 0.3 and 0.3 mg l-1, respectively. The allochthonous bioaugmentation of the contaminated groundwater with the obtained inoculant was successful and manifested in a better BTEX degradation rate. Our results suggest that the obtained bacterial consortium can be a new, stable and efficient bioremediation agent applicable in the synergistic elimination of BTEX compounds from contaminated sites.
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Miri S, Perez JAE, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Martel R. Sustainable production and co-immobilization of cold-active enzymes from Pseudomonas sp. for BTEX biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117678. [PMID: 34380234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Toluene/o-Xylene Monooxygenase (ToMO) is equipped with a broad spectrum of aromatic substrate specificity (such as BTEX; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomers of xylenes). TOMO has can hydroxylate more than a single position of aromatic rings in two consecutive monooxygenation reactions. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2D) is an iron-containing enzyme able to cleave the ring of catechol (the converted product from ToMO) for complete detoxification of BTEX. In this study, cold-active ToMO and C1,2D were produced using newly isolated psychrophilic Pseudomonas S2TR-14 in the minimal salt medium supplemented with crustacean waste and different concentrations of used motor oil (0.2-2% (v/v)). Crude ToMO and C1,2D were immobilized into micro/nano biochar-chitosan matrices and used for BTEX biodegradation. The results showed that the highest enzyme production (12 U/mg for ToMO and 22 U/mg for C1,2D) was achieved at the presence of 0.5% v/v used motor oil compared to the control group without motor oil (0.07 and 0.06 U/mg). High immobilization yield was achieved due to covalent bonding of ToMO (92.26% for micro matrix and 77.20% for nano matrix) and C1,2D (87.57% for micro matrix and 74.79% for nano matrix) with matrices. FTIR spectra confirmed the immobilization of enzymes on the surface of microbiochar and nanobiochar-chitosan matrices as proper support. The immobilization increased the storage stability of the enzymes with more than 50% residual activity after 30 days at 4 ± 1 °C, while the free form of enzymes had less than 10% of its activity. Immobilized enzymes degraded more than 80% of BTEX (~200 mg/L in groundwater and ~10,000 mg/kg in soil) at 10 ± 1 °C in groundwater and soil. Therefore, integrated use of microbiochar and nanobiochar with chitosan for co-immobilization of ToMO and C1,2D can be a potential way to remove petroleum hydrocarbons with higher efficiency from contaminated groundwater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada; Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jose Alberto Espejel Perez
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University La Salle Mexico, 45 Benjamin Franklin Cuauthmoc, Mexico City, ZP 06140, Mexico
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada; Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Richard Martel
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Centre-Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, Rue de La Couronne, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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10
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Miri S, Davoodi SM, Karimi Darvanjooghi MH, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Martel R. Precision modelling of co-metabolic biodegradation of recalcitrant aromatic hydrocarbons in conjunction with experimental data. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Miri S, Davoodi SM, Brar SK, Rouissi T, Sheng Y, Martel R. Psychrozymes as novel tools to biodegrade p-xylene and potential use for contaminated groundwater in the cold climate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124464. [PMID: 33302008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons in cold-climate regions have recently received significant attention due to their sensitive ecosystem and human health impacts. Two cold-adapted pseudomonas strains were isolated from contaminated groundwater and soil. As xylene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas synxantha S2TR-26 and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas mandelii S2TR-08, have a matching end product, they acted in symphony to degrade p-xylene. Their unique thermodynamic and kinetic behavior permits them to achieve rapid degradation of p-xylene at low temperatures (<15 °C). The results showed that the sequential action led to the conversion of 200 mg/l of p-xylene within 72 h and complete degradation after 120 h. The cocktail of these enzymes with a ratio of 1:1.5 (xylene monooxygenase: catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase) confirmed the complete degradation of p-xylene within 48 h at 15 °C. This approach will allow efficient biodegradation of p-xylene to minimize the bioremediation duration in cold-climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Seyyed Mohammadreza Davoodi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Yi Sheng
- Department of Biology, Life Science, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
| | - Richard Martel
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Mei X, Ding Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Shen W, Zhang Z, Ma M, Guo Z, Xiao Y, Yang X, Zhou B, Xu K, Guo W, Wang C. A novel membrane-aerated biofilter for the enhanced treatment of nitroaniline wastewater: Nitroaniline biodegradation performance and its influencing factors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123241. [PMID: 32244078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaniline (NA) wastewater is known to be highly toxic and biodegradation-resistant. Based on the principles of molecular oxygen supply and biofilm formation, a novel membrane-aerated biofilter (MABF) combining membrane aeration with a biofilter was established for the first time to treat NA wastewater containing the same concentrations of p-nitroaniline (PNA) and o-nitroaniline (ONA). The NA wastewater treatment performance of the MABF was investigated, and the NA biodegradation characteristics were evaluated. When the influent NA concentration was 120 mg/L, the PNA and ONA removal rates reached 100% and 86.56%, respectively. The NA removal loading reached 111.62 g/m3·d, and the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate reached 82.97%. The synergistic effects of the diverse microorganisms in the membrane-aerated and nonaerated zones of the MABF enhanced the removal of NA and nitrogen. This MABF is an economically efficient and environmentally friendly technology for treating wastewater containing toxic and hazardous organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Mei
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lijie Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentian Shen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zimiao Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengyuan Ma
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanyan Xiao
- Nanjing Haiyi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Nanjing Haiyi Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Baochang Zhou
- Nanjing RGE Membrane Tech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Aerobic Degradation of Benzene by Escherichia spp. from Petroleum-contaminated Sites in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Yang CE, Wu CY, Liu YC, Lan EI, Tsai SL. Cometabolic degradation of toluene and TCE contaminated wastewater in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor inoculated with immobilized Pseudomonas putida F1. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Microbial Community Analysis Provides Insights into the Effects of Tetrahydrofuran on 1,4-Dioxane Biodegradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00244-19. [PMID: 30926731 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00244-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is known to induce the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane (dioxane), an emerging contaminant, but the mechanisms by which THF affects dioxane biodegradation in microbial communities are not well understood. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in the microbial community structure in microcosm experiments with synthetic medium and landfill leachate were examined over time using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and functional gene quantitative PCR assays. The overarching hypothesis being tested was that THF promoted dioxane biodegradation by increasing the abundance of dioxane-degrading bacteria in the consortium. The data revealed that in experiments with synthetic medium, the addition of THF significantly increased the abundance of Pseudonocardia, a genus with several representatives that can grow on both dioxane and THF, and of Rhodococ cus ruber, a species that can use THF as the primary growth substrate while cometabolizing dioxane. However, in similar experiments with landfill leachate, only R. ruber was significantly enriched. When the THF concentration was higher than the dioxane concentration, THF competitively inhibited dioxane degradation since dioxane degradation was negligible, while the dioxane-degrading bacteria and the corresponding THF/dioxane monooxygenase gene copies increased by a few orders of magnitude.IMPORTANCE Widespread in groundwater and carcinogenic to humans, 1,4-dioxane (dioxane) is attracting significant attention in recent years. Advanced oxidation processes can effectively remove dioxane but require high energy consumption and operation costs. Biological removal of dioxane is of particular interest due to the ability of some bacteria to mineralize dioxane at a low energy cost. Although dioxane is generally considered recalcitrant to biodegradation, more than 20 types of bacteria can degrade dioxane as the sole electron donor substrate or the secondary electron donor substrate. In the latter case, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is commonly studied as the primary electron donor substrate. Previous work has shown that THF promotes dioxane degradation at a low THF concentration but inhibits dioxane degradation at a high THF concentration. Our work expanded on the previous work by mechanically examining the effects of THF on dioxane degradation in a microbial community context.
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Hammershøj R, Birch H, Redman AD, Mayer P. Mixture Effects on Biodegradation Kinetics of Hydrocarbons in Surface Water: Increasing Concentrations Inhibited Degradation whereas Multiple Substrates Did Not. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3087-3094. [PMID: 30801186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most biodegradation tests are conducted using single chemicals at high concentrations, although these chemicals are present in the environment as mixtures at low concentrations. A partitioning-based platform was recently developed for biodegradation testing of composed mixtures of hydrophobic chemicals at ng/L to μg/L concentrations. We used this platform to study the concentration and mixture effect on biodegradation kinetics. Biodegradation tests were conducted in 20 mL vials using environmental water samples as inocula. Passive dosing was applied (1) to vary initial test concentrations of individual test compounds and (2) to vary the number of mixture components between 1 and 16. Automated solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure substrate depletion relative to abiotic controls. The number of mixture components had no or only a limited effect on the biodegradation half times for three compounds when tested at environmentally relevant concentrations. In contrast, longer lag phases and half lives were observed for single compounds when tested at higher concentrations that approached aqueous solubility. The obtained results support that simultaneous testing of multiple chemicals at low concentrations can accelerate the generation of biodegradation kinetic data, which are more environmentally relevant compared with data from tests conducted with single chemicals at much higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hammershøj
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Heidi Birch
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Science, Inc. , Annandale , New Jersey 08801 , United States
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark , Department of Environmental Engineering , Bygningstorvet, Building 115 , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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17
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Degradation of chlorotoluenes and chlorobenzenes by the dual-species biofilm of Comamonas testosteroni strain KT5 and Bacillus subtilis strain DKT. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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18
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19
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Rene ER, Sergienko N, Goswami T, López ME, Kumar G, Saratale GD, Venkatachalam P, Pakshirajan K, Swaminathan T. Effects of concentration and gas flow rate on the removal of gas-phase toluene and xylene mixture in a compost biofilter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:28-35. [PMID: 28844689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the performance of a compost/ceramic bead biofilter (6:4 v/v) for the removal of gas-phase toluene and xylene at different inlet loading rates (ILR). The inlet toluene (or) xylene concentrations were varied from 0.1 to 1.5gm-3, at gas flow rates of 0.024, 0.048 and 0.072m3h-1, respectively, corresponding to total ILR varying between 7 and 213gm-3h-1. Although there was mutual inhibition, xylene removal was severely inhibited by the presence of toluene than toluene removal by the presence of xylene. The biofilter was also exposed to transient variations such as prolonged periods of shutdown (30days) and shock loads to envisage the response and recuperating ability of the biofilter. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) for toluene and xylene were 29.2 and 16.4gm-3h-1, respectively, at inlet loads of 53.8 and 43.7gm-3h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldon R Rene
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Natalia Sergienko
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Torsha Goswami
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Estefanía López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Zapateira, University of La Coruńa, Rua da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ganesh D Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Periyar University, Department of Biotechnology, Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Lab, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - T Swaminathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Duan W, Meng F, Wang F, Liu Q. Environmental behavior and eco-toxicity of xylene in aquatic environments: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:324-332. [PMID: 28756253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the demand for chemicals and fuels increasing continuously, the occurrence of accidental leakage poses great risks to the aquatic environment. Xylene, a hazardous and noxious substance, has been major concerns with regard to heterogeneity and eco-toxicity towards aquatic organisms. This review focused on the ecotoxicological hazards of m-, o-, and p-xylene, as well as mixed xylene, on aquatic organisms. The mechanism of action of xylenes was also demonstrated in details. The purpose of this review was to further understand transfer and diffusion of toxicity on marine and freshwater organisms of xylene in the aquatic environment. Another aim was to screen sensitive biomarkers which were suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and monitoring in an aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qunqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong Province, PR China
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21
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Bushnaf KM, Mangse G, Meynet P, Davenport RJ, Cirpka OA, Werner D. Mechanisms of distinct activated carbon and biochar amendment effects on petroleum vapour biofiltration in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1260-1269. [PMID: 28920987 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of two percent by weight activated carbon versus biochar amendments in 93 cm long sand columns on the biofiltration of petroleum vapours released by a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source. Activated carbon greatly enhanced, whereas biochar slightly reduced, the biofiltration of volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPHs) over 430 days. Sorbent amendment benefitted the VPH biofiltration by retarding breakthrough during the biodegradation lag phase. Subsequently, sorbent amendment briefly reduced the mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbons by limiting their bioavailability. During the last and longest study period, when conditions became less supportive of microbial growth, because of inorganic nutrient scarcity, the sorbents again improved the pollution attenuation by preventing the degrading microorganisms from being overloaded with VPHs. A 16S rRNA gene based analysis showed sorbent amendment effects on soil microbial communities. Nocardioidaceae benefitted the most from petroleum hydrocarbons in activated carbon amended soil, whereas Pseudomonadacea predominated in unamended soil. Whilst the degrading microorganisms were overloaded with VPHs in the unamended soil, the reduced mobility and bioavailability of VPHs in the activated carbon amended soil led to the emergence of communities with higher specific substrate affinity, which removed bioavailable VPHs effectively at low concentrations. A numerical pollutant fate model reproduced these experimental observations by considering sorption effects on the pollutant migration and bioavailability for growth of VPH degrading biomass, which is limited by a maximum soil biomass carrying capacity. Activated carbon was a much stronger sorbent for VPHs than biochar, which explained the diverging effects of the two sorbents in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Bushnaf
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, El-mergab University, Khoms, Libya
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22
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Yang BR, Sun ZQ, Wang LP, Li ZX, Ding C. Kinetic analysis and degradation pathway for m-dichlorobenzene removal by Brevibacillus agri DH-1 and its performance in a biotrickling filter. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 231:19-25. [PMID: 28189989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A strain, Brevibacillus agri DH-1, isolated from dry lands was used to remove m-dichlorobenzene. After 48h culturing, the concentrations of m-dichlorobenzene decreased from 26-130 to 7.87-28.87mg/L and dry cell weight for bacterial growth reached 52.43-75.05mg/L. The growth and degradation kinetics were analyzed by the fitting of Haldane-Andrews model and pseudo first-order model. A degradation pathway was proposed according to major intermediates (phenol), chloride ion variation, ring-opening enzyme activity, and high mineralization (0.47gCl-/gm-dichlorobenzene, 0.65 gco2/gm-dichlorobenzene, 0.15 gDCW/gm-dichlorobenzene). In addition, the performance in a biotrickling filter (BTF) was evaluated through removal efficiency and pressure drop values with increasing inlet loading rate from 4.10 to 122.57g/m3/h at three empty bed residence time points (30s, 60s, and 90s). The results demonstrated that strain DH-1 possessed high removal efficiency and stable operation in a BTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Ren Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Zhu-Qiu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Zhao-Xia Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
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Ramos DT, Lazzarin HSC, Alvarez PJJ, Vogel TM, Fernandes M, do Rosário M, Corseuil HX. Biodiesel presence in the source zone hinders aromatic hydrocarbons attenuation in a B20-contaminated groundwater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2016; 193:48-53. [PMID: 27636988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of biodiesel blend spills have received limited attention in spite of the increasing and widespread introduction of biodiesel to the transportation fuel matrix. In this work, a controlled field release of biodiesel B20 (100L of 20:80 v/v soybean biodiesel and diesel) was monitored over 6.2years to assess the behavior and natural attenuation of constituents of major concern (e.g., BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes) and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)) in a sandy aquifer material. Biodiesel was preferentially biodegraded compared to diesel aromatic compounds with a concomitant increase in acetate, methane (near saturation limit (≈22mgL-1)) and dissolved BTEX and PAH concentrations in the source zone during the first 1.5 to 2.0years after the release. Benzene and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations remained above regulatory limits in the source zone until the end of the experiment (6.2years after the release). Compared to a previous adjacent 100-L release of ethanol-amended gasoline, biodiesel/diesel blend release resulted in a shorter BTEX plume, but with higher residual dissolved hydrocarbon concentrations near the source zone. This was attributed to greater persistence of viscous (and less mobile) biodiesel than the highly-soluble and mobile ethanol in the source zone. This persistence of biodiesel/diesel NAPL at the source zone slowed BTEX and PAH biodegradation (by the establishment of an anaerobic zone) but reduced the plume length by reducing mobility. This is the first field study to assess biodiesel/diesel blend (B20) behavior in groundwater and its effects on the biodegradation and plume length of priority groundwater pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Toledo Ramos
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen Simone Chiaranda Lazzarin
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, MS-317, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, CNRS UMR5005, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Marilda Fernandes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mário do Rosário
- Petróleo Brasileiro Petrobras, Research Centre (CENPES), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 21941598, Brazil
| | - Henry Xavier Corseuil
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Wang X, Wang Q, Li S, Li W. Degradation pathway and kinetic analysis for p-xylene removal by a novel Pandoraea sp. strain WL1 and its application in a biotrickling filter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 288:17-24. [PMID: 25682514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel Pandoraea sp. strain WL1 capable of mineralizing p-xylene as sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. A nearly complete degradation of 16.6∼99.4 mg L(-1)p-xylene in the liquid-phase was achieved within 6∼18 h accompanied by 15.9∼56.3 mg dry cell weight (DCW)L(-1) for bacterial growth. A complete pathway for p-xylene degradation by strain WL1 was presented through identification of a major intermediate (p-toluic acid) and final products (2.193 gCO2 gp-xylene(-1) of CO₂ production and 0.215 g DCW gp-xylene(-1) of bacterial yield). Kinetics of bacterial growth and p-xylene degradation were evaluated using Haldane-Andrews model and pseudo first-order model, respectively. Furthermore, a biotrickling filter (BTF) was employed to evaluate the application of strain WL1 on the removal of gas-phase p-xylene under gas flow rates of 0.41∼1.98 m(3)h(-1) for inlet loading rates of 5∼248 gm(-3)h(-1). The BTF inoculated with strain WL1 proved to be robust against fluctuations of gas flow rates and inlet p-xylene concentrations. All the results obtained highlight the potential of strain WL1 for the treatment of p-xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sujing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University (Yuquan Campus), Hangzhou 310027, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Torretta V, Collivignarelli MC, Raboni M, Viotti P. Experimental treatment of a refinery waste air stream, for BTEX removal, by water scrubbing and biotrickling on a bed of Mitilus edulis shells. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2300-2307. [PMID: 25744082 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1026289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a two-stage pilot plant for the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) from a waste air stream of a refinery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The pilot plant consisted of a water scrubber followed by a biotrickling filter (BTF). The exhausted air was drawn from the main works of the WWTP in order to prevent the free migration to the atmosphere of these volatile hazardous contaminants. Concentrations were detected at average values of 12.4 mg Nm(-3) for benzene, 11.1 mg Nm(-3) for toluene, 2.7 mg Nm(-3) for ethylbenzene and 9.5 mg Nm(-3) for xylene, with considerable fluctuation mainly for benzene and toluene (peak concentrations of 56.8 and 55.0 mg Nm(-3), respectively). The two treatment stages proved to play an effective complementary task: the water scrubber demonstrated the ability to remove the concentration peaks, whereas the BTF was effective as a polishing stage. The overall average removal efficiency achieved was 94.8% while the scrubber and BTF elimination capacity were 37.8 and 15.6 g BTEX d(-1) m(-3), respectively. This result has led to outlet average concentrations of 1.02, 0.25, 0.32 and 0.26 mg Nm(-3) for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, respectively. The paper also compares these final concentrations with toxic and odour threshold concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torretta
- a Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences , Insubria University of Varese , Via G.B. Vico, 46, I-21100 Varese , Italy
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Hierarchy of Carbon Source Utilization in Soil Bacteria: Hegemonic Preference for Benzoate in Complex Aromatic Compound Mixtures Degraded by Cupriavidus pinatubonensis Strain JMP134. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3914-24. [PMID: 25795675 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04207-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134, like many other environmental bacteria, uses a range of aromatic compounds as carbon sources. Previous reports have shown a preference for benzoate when this bacterium grows on binary mixtures composed of this aromatic compound and 4-hydroxybenzoate or phenol. However, this observation has not been extended to other aromatic mixtures resembling a more archetypal context. We carried out a systematic study on the substrate preference of C. pinatubonensis JMP134 growing on representative aromatic compounds channeled through different catabolic pathways described in aerobic bacteria. Growth tests of nearly the entire set of binary combinations and in mixtures composed of 5 or 6 aromatic components showed that benzoate and phenol were always the preferred and deferred growth substrates, respectively. This pattern was supported by kinetic analyses that showed shorter times to initiate consumption of benzoate in aromatic compound mixtures. Gene expression analysis by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that, in all mixtures, the repression by benzoate over other catabolic pathways was exerted mainly at the transcriptional level. Additionally, inhibition of benzoate catabolism suggests that its multiple repressive actions are not mediated by a sole mechanism, as suggested by dissimilar requirements of benzoate degradation for effective repression in different aromatic compound mixtures. The hegemonic preference for benzoate over multiple aromatic carbon sources is not explained on the basis of growth rate and/or biomass yield on each single substrate or by obvious chemical or metabolic properties of these aromatic compounds.
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Biodegradation kinetics of benzene, toluene and xylene compounds: microbial growth and evaluation of models. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1233-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chen DZ, Ding YF, Zhou YY, Ye JX, Chen JM. Biodegradation kinetics of tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene as multi-substrate by Pseudomonas oleovorans DT4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 12:371-84. [PMID: 25561017 PMCID: PMC4306867 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation kinetics of tetrahydrofuran, benzene (B), toluene (T), and ethylbenzene (E) were systematically investigated individually and as mixtures by a series of aerobic batch degradation experiments initiated by Pseudomonas oleovorans DT4. The Andrews model parameters, e.g., maximum specific growth rates (μmax), half saturation, and substrate inhibition constant, were obtained from single-substrate experiments. The interaction parameters in the sum kinetics model (SKIP) were obtained from the dual substrates. The μmax value of 1.01 for tetrahydrofuran indicated that cell growth using tetrahydrofuran as carbon source was faster than the growth on B (μmax, B = 0.39) or T (μmax, T = 0.39). The interactions in the dual-substrate experiments, including genhancement, inhibition, and co-metabolism, in the mixtures of tetrahydrofuran with B or T or E were identified. The degradation of the four compounds existing simultaneously could be predicted by the combination of SKIP and co-metabolism models. This study is the first to quantify the interactions between tetrahydrofuran and BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Zhi Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Yu-Yang Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Jie-Xu Ye
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jian-Meng Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Formulation of microbial cocktails for BTEX biodegradation. Biodegradation 2014; 26:51-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-014-9715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aerobic degradation of trichloroethylene by co-metabolism using phenol and gasoline as growth substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:9134-48. [PMID: 24857922 PMCID: PMC4057779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15059134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common groundwater contaminant of toxic and carcinogenic concern. Aerobic co-metabolic processes are the predominant pathways for TCE complete degradation. In this study, Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as the active microorganism to degrade TCE under aerobic condition by co-metabolic degradation using phenol and gasoline as growth substrates. Operating conditions influencing TCE degradation efficiency were optimized. TCE co-metabolic degradation rate reached the maximum of 80% under the optimized conditions of degradation time of 3 days, initial OD600 of microorganism culture of 0.14 (1.26 × 107 cell/mL), initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L, initial TCE concentration of 0.1 mg/L, pH of 6.0, and salinity of 0.1%. The modified transformation capacity and transformation yield were 20 μg (TCE)/mg (biomass) and 5.1 μg (TCE)/mg (phenol), respectively. Addition of nutrient broth promoted TCE degradation with phenol as growth substrate. It was revealed that catechol 1,2-dioxygenase played an important role in TCE co-metabolism. The dechlorination of TCE was complete, and less chlorinated products were not detected at the end of the experiment. TCE could also be co-metabolized in the presence of gasoline; however, the degradation rate was not high (28%). When phenol was introduced into the system of TCE and gasoline, TCE and gasoline could be removed at substantial rates (up to 59% and 69%, respectively). This study provides a promising approach for the removal of combined pollution of TCE and gasoline.
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Vilcáez J, Li L, Hubbard SS. A new model for the biodegradation kinetics of oil droplets: application to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 24138161 PMCID: PMC4015121 DOI: 10.1186/1467-4866-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oil biodegradation by native bacteria is one of the most important natural processes that can attenuate the environmental impacts of marine oil spills. Existing models for oil biodegradation kinetics are mostly for dissolved oil. This work developed a new mathematical model for the biodegradation of oil droplets and applied the model to estimate the time scale for oil biodegradation under conditions relevant to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In the model, oil is composed of droplets of various sizes following the gamma function distribution. Each oil droplet shrinks during the microbe-mediated degradation at the oil-water interface. Using our developed model, we find that the degradation of oil droplets typically goes through two stages. The first stage is characterized by microbial activity unlimited by oil-water interface with higher biodegradation rates than that of the dissolved oil. The second stage is governed by the availability of the oil-water interface, which results in much slower rates than that of soluble oil. As a result, compared to that of the dissolved oil, the degradation of oil droplets typically starts faster and then quickly slows down, ultimately reaching a smaller percentage of degraded oil in longer time. The availability of the water-oil interface plays a key role in determining the rates and extent of degradation. We find that several parameters control biodegradation rates, including size distribution of oil droplets, initial microbial concentrations, initial oil concentration and composition. Under conditions relevant to the Deepwater Horizon spill, we find that the size distribution of oil droplets (mean and coefficient of variance) is the most important parameter because it determines the availability of the oil-water interface. Smaller oil droplets with larger variance leads to faster and larger extent of degradation. The developed model will be useful for evaluating transport and fate of spilled oil, different remediation strategies, and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vilcáez
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Currently at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Li Li
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Earth and Environmental Systems Institute (EESI), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Susan S Hubbard
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Su Y, Xia FF, Tian BH, Li W, He R. Microbial community and function of enrichment cultures with methane and toluene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3121-31. [PMID: 24136469 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction effect of co-existence of toluene and CH4 on community and activity of methanotrophs and toluene-degrading bacteria was characterized in three consortia enriched with CH4 and toluene (MT), toluene (T), and CH4 (M), respectively, in this study. The CH4 oxidation activity in the enrichment culture of MT was significantly lower than that of M at the end of the experiment (P = 0.001). The toluene degradation rate could be enhanced by continuous addition of CH4 and toluene in the initial days, but it was inhibited in the later days. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the three enriched consortia, but the community of methanotrophs and toluene-degrading bacteria was significantly affected by the co-existence of CH4 and toluene. Both Methylosinus (91.8 %) and Methylocystis (8.2 %) were detected in the enrichment culture of MT, while only Methylocystis species were detected in M. The toluene-degrading bacteria including Burkholderia, Flavobacteria, Microbacterium, and Azoarcus were all detected in the enrichment culture of T. However, only Azoarcus was found in the enrichment culture of MT. Significantly higher contents of extracellular polymeric substances polysaccharose and protein in the enrichment culture of MT than that of T and M suggested that a higher environmental stress occurred in the enrichment culture of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Weidhaas J, Dupont RR. Aerobic biotransformation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrodimethylamine in methane and benzene amended soil columns. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2013; 150:45-53. [PMID: 23673086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biotransformation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), an emerging contaminant of concern, and its structural analog N-nitrodimethylamine (DMN), was evaluated in benzene and methane amended groundwater passed through laboratory scale soil columns. Competitive inhibition models were used to model the kinetics for NDMA and DMN cometabolism accounting for the concurrent degradation of the growth and cometabolic substrates. Transformation capacities for NDMA and DMN with benzene (13 and 23μg (mgcells)(-1)) and methane (0.14 and 8.4μg (mgcells)(-1)) grown cultures, respectively are comparable to those presented in the literature, as were first order endogenous decay rates estimated to be 2.1×10(-2)±1.7×10(-3)d(-1) and 6.5×10(-1)±7.1×10(-1)d(-1) for the methane and benzene amended cultures, respectively. These studies highlight possible attenuation mechanisms and rates for NDMA and DMN biotransformation in aerobic aquifers undergoing active remediation, natural attenuation or managed aquifer recharge with treated wastewater (i.e., reclaimed water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Weidhaas
- West Virginia University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 6103, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
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Persistent organic pollutants induced protein expression and immunocrossreactivity by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PM102: a prospective bioremediating candidate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:714232. [PMID: 23878815 PMCID: PMC3708406 DOI: 10.1155/2013/714232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel bacterium capable of growth on trichloroethylene as the sole carbon source was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PM102 by 16S rDNA sequencing (accession number of NCBI GenBank: JQ797560). In this paper, we report the growth pattern, TCE degradation, and total proteome of this bacterium in presence of various other carbon sources: toluene, phenol, glucose, chloroform, and benzene. TCE degradation was comparatively enhanced in presence of benzene. Densitometric analysis of the intracellular protein profile revealed four proteins of 78.6, 35.14, 26.2, and 20.47 kDa while the extracellular protein profile revealed two distinct bands at 14 kDa and 11 kDa that were induced by TCE, benzene, toluene, and chloroform but absent in the glucose lane. A rabbit was immunised with the total protein extracted from the bacteria grown in 0.2% TCE + 0.2% peptone. Antibody preadsorbed on proteins from peptone grown PM102 cells reacted with a single protein of 35.14 kDa (analysed by MALDI-TOF-mass-spectrometry) from TCE, benzene, toluene, or chloroform grown cells. No reaction was seen for proteins of PM102 grown with glucose. The PM102 strain was immobilised in calcium alginate beads, and TCE degradation by immobilised cells was almost double of that by free cells. The beads could be reused 8 times.
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35
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Picone S, Grotenhuis T, van Gaans P, Valstar J, Langenhoff A, Rijnaarts H. Toluene biodegradation rates in unsaturated soil systems versus liquid batches and their relevance to field conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:7887-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mozo I, Lesage G, Yin J, Bessiere Y, Barna L, Sperandio M. Dynamic modeling of biodegradation and volatilization of hazardous aromatic substances in aerobic bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5327-5342. [PMID: 22877879 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic biological process is one of the best technologies available for removing hazardous organic substances from industrial wastewaters. But in the case of volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, naphthalene), volatilization can contribute significantly to their removal from the liquid phase. One major issue is to predict the competition between volatilization and biodegradation in biological process depending on the target molecule. The aim of this study was to develop an integrated dynamic model to evaluate the influence of operating conditions, kinetic parameters and physical properties of the molecule on the main pathways (biodegradation and volatilization) for the removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). After a comparison with experimental data, sensitivity studies were carried out in order to optimize the aerated biological process. Acclimatized biomass growth is limited by volatilization, which reduces the bioavailability of the substrate. Moreover, the amount of biodegraded substrate is directly proportional to the amount of active biomass stabilized in the process. Model outputs predict that biodegradation is enhanced at high SRT for molecules with low H and with a high growth rate population. Air flow rate should be optimized to meet the oxygen demand and to minimize VOC stripping. Finally, the feeding strategy was found to be the most influential operating parameter that should be adjusted in order to enhance VOC biodegradation and to limit their volatilization in sequencing batch reactors (SBR).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mozo
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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37
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Goudar CT. An explicit expression for determining cometabolism kinetics using progress curve analysis. J Biotechnol 2012; 159:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Song J, Shin S, Jang HS, Hwang SJ. Kinetics and simulations of substrate interactions during the biodegradation of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and styrene. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1027-1035. [PMID: 22486672 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.667320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Air streams commonly emitted from industrial sources generally contain various mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and these complex mixtures can present challenges with respect to bioreactor design and applications. In this study, therefore, a modified Monod-type model using interaction parameters was employed to describe the biodegradation kinetics of mixtures of aromatic compounds by a Pseudomonas isolate. In addition, the model and estimated parameters were utilized to predict the performance of a bubble-column bioreactor for the treatment of mixtures of benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and styrene (BTXS). Benzene, toluene and styrene, as individual substrates, were actively degraded by the bacterial culture, whereas p-xylene was not degraded as a single substrate. Relative to the single substrate experiments, the degradation of benzene and toluene was inhibited by the other compounds, while the degradation of styrene was significantly stimulated in the presence of the other BTXS compounds. The cometabolic degradation of p-xylene was observed in the presence of benzene and toluene. The estimated interaction parameters indicated that the degradation of benzene was substantially inhibited in the presence of styrene, whereas the degradation of styrene was strongly stimulated by toluene. The kinetic coefficients and interaction parameters were used to successfully predict the biodegradation kinetics and performance of a bioreactor subjected to the quaternary mixture. Overall, the model was able to provide reasonable predictions when substrate interactions, including inhibition, stimulation, and cometabolism, play significant roles in biodegradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Delgadillo-Mirquez L, Lardon L, Steyer JP, Patureau D. A new dynamic model for bioavailability and cometabolism of micropollutants during anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:4511-4521. [PMID: 21719065 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are present in wastewater and sludge. Their possible impact to the environment contributes to their increasing scientific and social interest. Anaerobic digestion has been shown as a potential biological process for removal of these compounds. An accurate description of OMP distribution in the environmental system can be used to better understand which compartment is used for degradation and to improve their depletion in conventional wastewater treatment technologies. In this work, we proposed a dynamical model with a four-compartment distribution to describe the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) fate during anaerobic digestion. The model is calibrated and validated using experimental data obtained from two continuous reactors fed with primary and secondary sludge operated under mesophilic conditions. A non-linear least square method was used to optimize the model parameters. The resulted model is in accordance with the experimental data. The PAH biodegradation rate is well modeled when considering the aqueous fraction (including free and sorbed to dissolved/colloidal matter PAHs) as the bioavailable compartment. It was also demonstrated in the simulations that the PAHs biodegradation is linked to a mechanism of cometabolism. The model proposed is potentially useful to better understand the micropollutant distribution, predict the fate of PAHs under anaerobic condition and help to optimize the operation process for their depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Delgadillo-Mirquez
- INRA, UR050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France.
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Gallastegui G, Avalos Ramirez A, Elías A, Jones JP, Heitz M. Performance and macrokinetic analysis of biofiltration of toluene and p-xylene mixtures in a conventional biofilter packed with inert material. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7657-7665. [PMID: 21715161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of toluene and p-xylene in air treatment biofilters packed with an inert filter media were studied. The effect of the inlet load of toluene, p-xylene and mixtures of both compounds on the biodegradation rate was analyzed in three lab-scale biofilters. A maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 26.5 and 40.3 gCm(-3)h(-1) for an inlet load (IL) of 65.6 and 57.8 gCm(-3)h(-1) was obtained for p-xylene and toluene biofilters, respectively. Inhibition of p-xylene biodegradation by the presence of toluene took place when the mixture was treated, whereas the presence of p-xylene had an enhancing effect on the toluene removal efficiency. Specific growth rates (μ) from 0.019 to 0.068 h(-1) were calculated in the mixed biofilter, where the highest values were similar to mixtures with lower p-xylene levels (IL(p-Xyl) 8.84 ± 0.29 gCm(-3)h(-1)). Michaelis-Menten and Haldane type models were fitted to experimental EC for p-xylene and toluene biofilters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gallastegui
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Alda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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42
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Freitas JG, Mocanu MT, Zoby JLG, Molson JW, Barker JF. Migration and fate of ethanol-enhanced gasoline in groundwater: a modelling analysis of a field experiment. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2011; 119:25-43. [PMID: 20869788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol use as a gasoline additive is increasing, as are the chances of groundwater contamination caused by gasoline releases involving ethanol. To evaluate the impact of ethanol on dissolved hydrocarbon plumes, a field test was performed in which three gasoline residual sources with different ethanol fractions (E0: no ethanol, E10: 10% ethanol and E95: 95% ethanol) were emplaced below the water table. Using the numerical model BIONAPL/3D, the mass discharge rates of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, trimethylbenzenes and naphthalene were simulated and results compared to those obtained from sampling transects of multilevel samplers. It was shown that ethanol dissolved rapidly and migrated downgradient as a short slug. Mass discharge of the hydrocarbons from the E0 and E10 sources suggested similar first-order hydrocarbon decay rates, indicating that ethanol from E10 had no impact on hydrocarbon degradation. In contrast, the estimated hydrocarbon decay rates were significantly lower when the source was E95. For the E0 and E10 cases, the aquifer did not have enough oxygen to support complete mineralization of the hydrocarbon compounds to the extent suggested by the field-based mass discharge. Introducing a heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity did little to overcome this discrepancy. A better match between the numerical model and the field data was obtained assuming partial degradation of the hydrocarbons to intermediate compounds. Besides depending on the ethanol concentration, the impact of ethanol on hydrocarbon degradation appears to be highly dependent on the availability of electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Freitas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Mohamed M, Hatfield K. Dimensionless parameters to summarize the influence of microbial growth and inhibition on the bioremediation of groundwater contaminants. Biodegradation 2010; 22:877-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Trigueros DE, Módenes AN, Kroumov AD, Espinoza-Quiñones FR. Modeling of biodegradation process of BTEX compounds: Kinetic parameters estimation by using Particle Swarm Global Optimizer. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Ely RL, Williamson KJ, Hyman MR, Arp DJ. Cometabolism of chlorinated solvents by nitrifying bacteria: kinetics, substrate interactions, toxicity effects, and bacterial response. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 54:520-34. [PMID: 18636408 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970620)54:6<520::aid-bit3>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pure cultures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrosomonas europaea, were exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), chloroform (CF), 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), or carbon tetrachloride (CT), in the presence of ammonia, in a quasi-steady-state bioreactor. Estimates of enzyme kinetics constants, solvent inactivation constants, and culture recovery constants were obtained by simultaneously fitting three model curves to experimental data using nonlinear optimization techniques and an enzyme kinetics model, referred to as the inhibition, inactivation, and recovery (IIR) model, that accounts for inhibition of ammonia oxidation by the solvent, enzyme inactivation by solvent product toxicity, and respondent synthesis of new enzyme (recovery). Results showed relative enzyme affinities for ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) of 1,1-DCE approximately TCE > CT > NH(3) > CF > 1,2-DCA. Relative maximum specific substrate transformation rates were NH(3) > 1,2-DCA > CF > TCE approximately 1,1-DCE > CT (=0). The TCE, CF, and 1,1-DCE inactivated the cells, with 1,1-DCE being about three times more potent than TCE or CF. Under the conditions of these experiments, inactivating injuries caused by TCE and 1,1-DCE appeared limited primarily to the AMO enzyme, but injuries caused by CF appeared to be more generalized. The CT was not oxidized by N. europaea while 1,2-DCA was oxidized quite readily and showed no inactivation effects. Recovery capabilities were demonstrated with all solvents except CF. A method for estimating protein yield, the relationship between the transformation capacity model and the IIR model, and a condition necessary for sustainable cometabolic treatment of inactivating substrates are presented. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 520-534, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Ely
- Department of Civil Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Biodegradation of aromatic compounds: current status and opportunities for biomolecular approaches. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 85:207-28. [PMID: 19730850 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation can achieve complete and cost-effective elimination of aromatic pollutants through harnessing diverse microbial metabolic processes. Aromatics biodegradation plays an important role in environmental cleanup and has been extensively studied since the inception of biodegradation. These studies, however, are diverse and scattered; there is an imperative need to consolidate, summarize, and review the current status of aromatics biodegradation. The first part of this review briefly discusses the catabolic mechanisms and describes the current status of aromatics biodegradation. Emphasis is placed on monocyclic, polycyclic, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons because they are the most prevalent aromatic contaminants in the environment. Among monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; phenylacetic acid; and structurally related aromatic compounds are highlighted. In addition, biofilms and their applications in biodegradation of aromatic compounds are briefly discussed. In recent years, various biomolecular approaches have been applied to design and understand microorganisms for enhanced biodegradation. In the second part of this review, biomolecular approaches, their applications in aromatics biodegradation, and associated biosafety issues are discussed. Particular attention is given to the applications of metabolic engineering, protein engineering, and "omics" technologies in aromatics biodegradation.
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Mirpuri R, Jones W, Bryers JD. Toluene degradation kinetics for planktonic and biofilm-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida 54G. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 53:535-46. [PMID: 18634054 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970320)53:6<535::aid-bit1>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toluene degradation kinetics by biofilm and planktonic cells of Pseudomonas putida 54G were compared in this study. Batch degradation of (14)C toluene was used to evaluate kinetic parameters for planktonic cells. The kinetic parameters determined for toluene degradation were: specific growth rate, micro(max) = 10.08 +/- 1.2/day; half-saturation constant, K(S) = 3.98 +/- 1.28 mg/L; substrate inhibition constant, K(I) = 42.78 +/- 3.87 mg/L. Biofilm cells, grown on ceramic rings in vapor phase bioreactors, were removed and suspended in batch cultures to calculate (14)C toluene degradation rates. Specific activities measured for planktonic and biofilm cells were similar based on toluene degrading cells and total biomass. Long-term toluene exposure reduced specific activities that were based on total biomass for both biofilm and planktonic cells. These results suggest that long-term toluene exposure caused a large portion of the biomass to become inactive, even though the biofilm was not substrate limited. Conversely, specific activities based on numbers of toluene-culturable cells were comparable for both biofilm and planktonically grown cultures. Planktonic cell kinetics are often used in bioreactor models to model substrate degradation and growth of bacteria in biofilms, a procedure we found to be appropriate for this organism. For superior bioreactor design, however, changes in cellular activity that occur during biofilm development should be investigated under conditions relevant to reactor operation before predictive models for bioreactor systems are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mirpuri
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980, USA
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Kwon HM, Yeom SH. Design of a biofilter packed with crab shell and operation of the biofilter fed with leaf mold solution as a nutrient. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Avalos Ramirez A, Bénard S, Giroir-Fendler A, Jones JP, Heitz M. Kinetics of microbial growth and biodegradation of methanol and toluene in biofilters and an analysis of the energetic indicators. J Biotechnol 2008; 138:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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