1
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Sun L, Ayele Shewa W, Bossy K, Dagnew M. Partial denitrification in rope-type biofilm reactors: Performance, kinetics, and microflora using internal vs. external carbon sources. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 404:130890. [PMID: 38788803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Stable nitrite accumulation through partial denitrification (PDN) represents an efficient pathway to support the anammox process, but limited studies explored the internal wastewater carbon sources and biofilm processes. This study assessed the viability of the PDN process, biofilm community evolution, and functional enzyme formation in rope-type biofilm media reactors using primary effluent (PE) and anaerobically pretreated wastewater carbon sources for the first time. Comparison was made with external carbon (acetate) under varied pH and biofilm thicknesses, maintaining a favourable sCOD: NO3-N ratio of 3. The wastewater's internal carbon resulted in thinner biofilms; nevertheless, modest nitrite accumulation (0.24 g/m2/d) occurred only at elevated pH. The highest nitrite accumulation (0.79 g/m2/d) was exhibited in the biofilm thickness-controlled acetate-fed reactor, featuring porous biofilms dominated by denitrifier Thauera (10.24 %) and imbalance between Nar, Nap, and Nir reductases. Using internal wastewater carbon sources offers a sustainable avenue for adopting the PDN process in full-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Wudneh Ayele Shewa
- Bishop Water Inc., 203-16 Edward Street South, Arnprior, ON K7S 3W4, Canada
| | - Kevin Bossy
- Bishop Water Inc., 203-16 Edward Street South, Arnprior, ON K7S 3W4, Canada
| | - Martha Dagnew
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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2
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Bachmann M, Parsons M, Klaus S, Kurt H, Chandran K, Stockard D, Wells G, De Clippeleir H, Bott C. Comparing methanol and glycerol as carbon sources for mainstream partial denitrification/anammox in an IFAS process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11017. [PMID: 38565318 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the implementation of mainstream partial denitrification with anammox (PdNA) in the second anoxic zone of a wastewater treatment process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) configuration. A pilot study was conducted to compare the use of methanol and glycerol as external carbon sources for an IFAS PdNA startup, with a goal to optimize nitrogen removal while minimizing carbon usage. The study also investigated the establishment of anammox bacteria on virgin carriers in IFAS reactors without the use of seeding, and it is the first IFAS PdNA startup to use methanol as an external carbon source. The establishment of anammox bacteria was confirmed in both reactors 102 days after startup. Although the glycerol-fed reactor achieved a higher steady-state maximum ammonia removal rate because of anammox bacteria (1.6 ± 0.3 g/m2/day) in comparison with the methanol-fed reactor (1.2 ± 0.2 g/m2/day), both the glycerol- and methanol-fed reactors achieved similar average in situ ammonia removal rates of 0.39 ± 0.2 g/m2/day and 0.40 ± 0.2 g/m2/day, respectively. Additionally, when the upstream ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control system maintained an ideal ratio of 0.40-0.50 g/g, the methanol-fed reactor attained a lower average effluent TIN concentration (3.50 ± 1.2 mg/L) than the glycerol-fed reactor (4.43 ± 1.6 mg/L), which was prone to elevated nitrite concentrations in the effluent. Overall, this research highlights the potential for PdNA in IFAS configurations as an efficient and cost-saving method for wastewater treatment, with methanol as a viable carbon source for the establishment of anammox bacteria. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Methanol is an effective external carbon source for an anammox startup that avoids the need for costly alternative carbon sources. The methanol-fed reactor demonstrated higher TIN removal compared with the glycerol-fed reactor because of less overproduction of nitrite. Anammox bacteria was established in an IFAS reactor without seeding and used internally stored carbon to reduce external carbon addition. Controlling the influent ammonia versus NOx (AvN) ratio between 0.40 and 0.50 g/g allowed for low and stable TIN effluent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bachmann
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Parsons
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Halil Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Stockard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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3
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Li W, Li X, Zhang Q, Kao C, Hou X, Peng Y. Recent advances of partial anammox by controlling nitrite supply in mainstream wastewater treatment through step-feed mode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168965. [PMID: 38030009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, the step-feed process is a very active branch in practical application of mainstream wastewater treatment, and the anammox technology empowers the sustainable development and in-depth research of step-feed process. This review provides a systematically inspection of the realization and application of partial anammox process through step-feed mode, with a particular focus on controlling nitrite supply for anammox. The characteristics and advantages of step-feed mode in traditional management are reviewed. The unique organics utilization strategy by step-feed and indispensable intermittent aeration mode creates advantages for achieving nitritation (NH4+ → NO2-) and denitratation (NO3- → NO2-), providing flexible combination possibility with anammox. Additionally, the lab- or pilot-scale control strategies with different forms of anammox, including nitritation/anammox, denitratation/anammox, and double-anammox (combined nitritation/anammox and denitratation/anammox), are summarized. Finally, future directions and application perspectives on leveraging the relationship between flocs and biofilm, nitritation and denitratation, and different strains to maximize the anammox proportion in N-removal are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Chengkun Kao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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4
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Zhang L, Zhao H, Qin S, Hu C, Shen Y, Qu B, Bai Y, Liu B. Genome-Resolved Metagenomics and Denitrifying Strain Isolation Reveal New Insights into Microbial Denitrification in the Deep Vadose Zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2323-2334. [PMID: 38267389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer in intensive agricultural areas often leads to nitrate accumulation in subsurface soil and nitrate contamination in groundwater, which poses a serious risk to public health. Denitrifying microorganisms in the subsoil convert nitrate to gaseous forms of nitrogen, thereby mitigating the leaching of nitrate into groundwater. Here, we investigated denitrifying microorganisms in the deep vadose zone of a typical intensive agricultural area in China through microcosm enrichment, genome-resolved metagenomic analysis, and denitrifying bacteria isolation. A total of 1000 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, resulting in 98 high-quality, dereplicated MAGs that contained denitrification genes. Among them, 32 MAGs could not be taxonomically classified at the genus or species level, indicating that a broader spectrum of taxonomic groups is involved in subsoil denitrification than previously recognized. A denitrifier isolate library was constructed by using a strategy combining high-throughput and conventional cultivation techniques. Assessment of the denitrification characteristics of both the MAGs and isolates demonstrated the dominance of truncated denitrification. Functional screening revealed the highest denitrification activity in two complete denitrifiers belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. These findings greatly expand the current knowledge of the composition and function of denitrifying microorganisms in subsoils. The constructed isolate library provided the first pool of subsoil-denitrifying microorganisms that could facilitate the development of microbe-based technologies for nitrate attenuation in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Huicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shuping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yanjun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Baoyuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Xiong'an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong'an 071700, China
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5
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Zhang S, Liu F, Zhu H, Lv S, Wang B. Simultaneous nitrate and phosphorus removal in novel steel slag biofilters: Optimization and mechanism study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119558. [PMID: 37979385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous nitrate (NO3--N) and phosphorus (P) removal systems are considered to be an effective wastewater treatment technology. However, so far, there are few studies on system optimization to improve NO3--N and P removal. In this study, nine simultaneous NO3--N and P removal biofilters (SNPBs) were constructed to treat simulated wastewater. In order to optimize the NO3--N and P removal, different material loading positions were set: (1) red soil, steel slag, and rice straw (RSR), (2) steel slag, red soil, and rice straw (SRR), and (3) red soil, rice straw, and steel slag (RRS). Results showed that the above three treatments had mean removal efficiencies of 58%-91% for NO3--N and 55%-81% for TP, with the best N and P removal occurring in the SRR. The TN mass balance indicated that microbial removal was responsible for 78.2% of the influent TN in the SRR biofilter. The key microorganisms were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Diaphorobacter, and unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which accounted for 61.9% of the total microorganisms. The main P-removal mechanism was the formation of Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in red soil or steel slag layer. In addition, the decrease of SRR effluent pH from 11.86 in 1-7 days to 7.75 in 8-50 days indicated that red soil and rice straw had a synergistic effect on water pH reduction. These results suggest that a reasonable combination of steel slag with red soil and rice straw not only simultaneously removes NO3--N and P but also additionally solves the problem of high pH caused by steel slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
| | - Huixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Shuangtong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Biaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, PR China
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6
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Fu K, Kang J, Zhao J, Bian Y, Li X, Yang W, Li Z. Efficient nitrite accumulation in partial sulfide autotrophic denitrification (PSAD) system: insights of S/N ratio, pH and temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38118135 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2293678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
To provide the necessary nitrite for the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process, the effect of nitrite accumulation in the partial sulfide autotrophic denitrification (PSAD) process was investigated using an SBR reactor. The results revealed that the effectiveness of nitrate removal was unsatisfactory when the S/N ratio (mol/mol) fell below 0.6. The optimal conditions for nitrate removal and nitrite accumulation were achieved within the S/N ratio range of 0.7-0.8, resulting in an average Nitrate Removal Efficiency (NRE) of 95.84%±4.89% and a Nitrite Accumulation Rate (NAR) of 75.31%±6.61%, respectively. It was observed that the nitrate reduction rate was three times faster than that of nitrite reduction during a typical cycle test. Furthermore, batch tests were conducted to assess the influence of pH and temperature conditions. In the pH tests, it became evident that the PSAD process performed more effectively in alkaline environment. The highest levels of nitrate removal and nitrite accumulation were achieved at an initial pH of 8.5, resulting in a NRE of 98.30%±1.93% and a NAR of 85.83%±0.47%, respectively. In the temperature tests, the most favourable outcomes for nitrate removal and nitrite accumulation were observed at 22±1 ℃, with a NRE of 100.00% and a NAR of 81.03%±1.64%, respectively. Moreover, a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing results between the raw sludge and the sulfide-enriched culture sludge sample showed that Proteobacteria (49.51%) remained the dominant phylum, with Thiobacillus (24.72%), Prosthecobacter (2.55%), Brevundimonas (2.31%) and Ignavibacterium (2.04%) emerging as the dominant genera, assuming the good nitrogen performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Kang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirui Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Storm Water System and Water Environment Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhu T, Ding J, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Liu Y. The effect of organic sources on the electron distribution and N 2O emission in sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification biofilters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166126. [PMID: 37562622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SAD) is considered as an effective alternative to traditional heterotrophic denitrification (HD) due to its cheap, low sludge production and non-toxicity. Nitrous oxide (N2O) as an intermediate product inevitably was generated at the limited supply of electron donor or unbalanced electron distribution condition during the denitrification process. Recently, autotrophic denitrification biofilters were conclusively implemented for advanced nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, residual organic sources after wastewater treatment could affect the electron distribution among denitrifying reductases and few studies are known about this issue. In this study, several lab-scale biofilters packed with elemental sulfur slices were applied to explore the electron distribution characteristics of autotrophic denitrification through the combination of different nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results clearly delineated that the different combination of nitrogen oxides had a remarkable effect on the electron distribution. In any case, the electrons likely flow toward nitrate reductase (Nar) under a single nitrogen oxide combination, followed by nitrite reductase (Nir) and nitrous oxide reductase (Nos). The concurrent presence of multiple electron acceptors resulted in most electrons flowing toward Nar, and least toward Nos. Compared to traditional SAD, the reduction rate of nitrogen oxide in the sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification with influent of organic source (OSAD) was greatly improved. The maximum value of the true specific rates of NO3- in OSAD process was 9.43 mg-N/g-VSS/h. It was increased by 8.26 folds higher than that in traditional SAD. The electrons were more easily distributed to Nos with the addition of sodium acetate, which further promoted the N2O reduction. This study will provide theoretical support for controlling N2O release in SAD biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiazeng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xufeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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8
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Garrido-Amador P, Stortenbeker N, Wessels HJCT, Speth DR, Garcia-Heredia I, Kartal B. Enrichment and characterization of a nitric oxide-reducing microbial community in a continuous bioreactor. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1574-1586. [PMID: 37429908 PMCID: PMC10390337 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive and climate-active molecule and a key intermediate in the microbial nitrogen cycle. Despite its role in the evolution of denitrification and aerobic respiration, high redox potential and capacity to sustain microbial growth, our understanding of NO-reducing microorganisms remains limited due to the absence of NO-reducing microbial cultures obtained directly from the environment using NO as a substrate. Here, using a continuous bioreactor and a constant supply of NO as the sole electron acceptor, we enriched and characterized a microbial community dominated by two previously unknown microorganisms that grow at nanomolar NO concentrations and survive high amounts (>6 µM) of this toxic gas, reducing it to N2 with little to non-detectable production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. These results provide insight into the physiology of NO-reducing microorganisms, which have pivotal roles in the control of climate-active gases, waste removal, and evolution of nitrate and oxygen respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans J C T Wessels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan R Speth
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Boran Kartal
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany.
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9
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Liang Y, Li Z, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Ji S, Qiu G, Wu H, Wei C. Decryption for nitrogen removal in Anammox-based coupled systems: Nitrite-induced mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129274. [PMID: 37290714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of NO2- on synergetic interactions between Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) in an autotrophic denitrification-Anammox system. The presence of NO2- (0-75 mg-N/L) was shown to significantly enhance NH4+ and NO3- conversion rates, achieving intensified synergy between AnAOB and SOB. However, once NO2- exceed a threshold concentration (100 mg-N/L), both NH4+ and NO3- conversion rates decreased with increased NO2- consumption via autotrophic denitrification. The cooperation between AnAOB and SOB was decoupled due to the NO2- inhibition. Improved system reliability and nitrogen removal performance was achieved in a long-term reactor operation with NO2- in the influent; reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed elevated hydrazine synthase gene transcription levels (5.00-fold), comparing to these in the reactor without NO2-. This study elucidated the mechanism of NO2- induced synergetic interactions between AnAOB and SOB, providing theoretical guidance for engineering applications of Anammox-based coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yushen Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sijia Ji
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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10
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Shi LD, Gao TY, Wei XW, Shapleigh JP, Zhao HP. pH-Dependent Hydrogenotrophic Denitratation Based on Self-Alkalization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:685-696. [PMID: 36408861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Producing stable nitrite is a necessity for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) but remains a huge challenge. Here, we describe the design and operation of a hydrogenotrophic denitratation system that stably reduced >90% nitrate to nitrite under self-alkaline conditions of pH up to 10.80. Manually lowering the pH to a range of 9.00-10.00 dramatically decreased the nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio to <20%, showing a significant role of high pH in denitratation. Metagenomics combined with metatranscriptomics indicated that six microorganisms, including a Thauera member, dominated the community and encoded the various genes responsible for hydrogen oxidation and the complete denitrification process. During denitratation at high pH, transcription of periplasmic genes napA, nirS, and nirK, whose products perform nitrate and nitrite reduction, decreased sharply compared to that under neutral conditions, while narG, encoding a membrane-associated nitrate reductase, remained transcriptionally active, as were genes involved in intracellular proton homeostasis. Together with no reduction in only nitrite-amended samples, these results disproved the electron competition between reductions of nitrate and nitrite but highlighted a lack of protons outside cells constraining biological nitrite reduction. Overall, our study presents a stably efficient strategy for nitrite production and provides a major advance in the understanding of denitratation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Dong Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - James P Shapleigh
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Cao L, Ge R, Xu W, Zhang Y, Li G, Xia X, Zhang F. Simultaneous removal of nitrate, nitrobenzene and aniline from groundwater in a vertical baffled biofilm reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136746. [PMID: 36209853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of simultaneous removal of nitrobenzene (NB), aniline (AN) and nitrate from groundwater in a single bioreactor is mainly attributed to the persistence of AN to degradation with anoxic denitrification conditions. In this work, simultaneous removal of NB (100 μM), AN (100 μM) and nitrate (1 mM) was achieved within 8 h with a COD/N ratio of 8 in a vertical baffled biofilm reactor (VBBR). By setting DO concentration at 0.4-0.5 mg L-1 to create a micro-aerobic condition, NB removal rate was accelerated without accumulation of AN, and AN could serve as electron donors for denitrification after ring cleavage. High-throughput sequencing showed that biofilm was predominated by denitrifiers (Luteimonas, Planctomyces, Thiobacillus, Thauera and so on) and NB-degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas), and biodiversity varied vertically along the height of the reactor. A dominantly anaerobic pathway for reducing NB to AN was identified by PICRUSt analysis, as the predicted genes involved in aerobic transformation of NB were several magnitudes lower than those in the anaerobic pathway. This study provided a new insight to the role of oxygen in robust bioremediation groundwater contaminated with NB, AN and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Cao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing, 100015, PR China
| | - Runlei Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Guanghe Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing, 100015, PR China
| | - Xue Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies (NEL-SRT), Beijing, 100015, PR China.
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12
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Reclaimed Water Reuse for Groundwater Recharge: A Review of Hot Spots and Hot Moments in the Hyporheic Zone. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As an alternative resource, reclaimed water is rich in the various nutrients and organic matter that may irreparably endanger groundwater quality through the recharging process. During groundwater recharge with reclaimed water, hot spots and hot moments (HSHMs) in the hyporheic zones, located at the groundwater–reclaimed water interface, play vital roles in cycling and processing energy, carbon, and nutrients, drawing increasing concern in the fields of biogeochemistry, environmental chemistry, and pollution treatment and prevention engineering. This paper aims to review these recent advances and the current state of knowledge of HSHMs in the hyporheic zone with regard to groundwater recharge using reclaimed water, including the generation mechanisms, temporal and spatial characteristics, influencing factors, and identification indicators and methods of HSHMs in the materials cycle. Finally, the development prospects of HSHMs are discussed. It is hoped that this review will lead to a clearer understanding of the processes controlling water flow and pollutant flux, and that further management and control of HSHMs can be achieved, resulting in the development of a more accurate and safer approach to groundwater recharge with reclaimed water.
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13
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Chautrand T, Depayras S, Souak D, Kondakova T, Barreau M, Kentache T, Hardouin J, Tahrioui A, Thoumire O, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Barbey C, Ladam G, Chevalier S, Heipieper HJ, Orange N, Duclairoir-Poc C. Gaseous NO 2 induces various envelope alterations in Pseudomonas fluorescens MFAF76a. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8528. [PMID: 35595726 PMCID: PMC9122911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11606-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic atmospheric pollution and immune response regularly expose bacteria to toxic nitrogen oxides such as NO• and NO2. These reactive molecules can damage a wide variety of biomolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids. Several components of the bacterial envelope are susceptible to be damaged by reactive nitrogen species. Furthermore, the hydrophobic core of the membranes favors the reactivity of nitrogen oxides with other molecules, making membranes an important factor in the chemistry of nitrosative stress. Since bacteria are often exposed to endogenous or exogenous nitrogen oxides, they have acquired protection mechanisms against the deleterious effects of these molecules. By exposing bacteria to gaseous NO2, this work aims to analyze the physiological effects of NO2 on the cell envelope of the airborne bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens MFAF76a and its potential adaptive responses. Electron microscopy showed that exposure to NO2 leads to morphological alterations of the cell envelope. Furthermore, the proteomic profiling data revealed that these cell envelope alterations might be partly explained by modifications of the synthesis pathways of multiple cell envelope components, such as peptidoglycan, lipid A, and phospholipids. Together these results provide important insights into the potential adaptive responses to NO2 exposure in P. fluorescens MFAF76a needing further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chautrand
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Ségolène Depayras
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.,Praxens, Normandy Health Security Center, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Djouhar Souak
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Tatiana Kondakova
- LPS-BIOSCIENCES SAS, Domaine de l'Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 430, Université Paris Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Magalie Barreau
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Takfarinas Kentache
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Bâtiment DULONG - Bd Maurice de Broglie, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Bâtiment DULONG - Bd Maurice de Broglie, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.,PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumire
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Yoan Konto-Ghiorghi
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Corinne Barbey
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, Normandy University, University of Rouen Normandy, INSA Rouen, CNRS, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Sylvie Chevalier
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Orange
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France
| | - Cécile Duclairoir-Poc
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies (UR CBSA), Normandy University, Univeristy of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
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14
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Ladipo-Obasa M, Forney N, Riffat R, Bott C, deBarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) application in mainstream IFAS configuration using raw fermentate as carbon source. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10711. [PMID: 35388559 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the feasibility of raw fermentate for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in a pre-anoxic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process. Fermentate quality sampled from a full-scale facility was highly dynamic, with 360-940 mg VFA-COD/L and VFA/soluble COD ratios ranging from 24% to 48%. This study showed that PdNA selection could be achieved even when using low quality fermentate. Nitrate residual was identified as the main factor driving the PdN efficiency, while management of nitrate conversion rates was required to maximize overall PdNA rates. AnAOB limitation was never observed in the IFAS system. Overall, this study showed PdN efficiencies up to 38% and PdNA rates up to 1.2 ± 0.7 g TIN/m2 /d with further potential for improvements. As a result of both PdNA and full denitrification, this concept showed the potential to save 48-89% methanol and decrease the carbon footprint of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) by 9-15%. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Application of PdNA with variable quality fermentate is feasible when the nitrate residual concentration is increased to enhance PdN selection. To maximize nitrogen removed through PdNA, nitrate conversion rates need enhancement through optimization of upstream aeration and PdN control setpoints. The IFAS PdNA process was never anammox limited; success depended on the degree of PdN achieved to make nitrite available. Application of PdNA with fermentate can yield 48-89% savings in methanol or other carbon compared with conventional nitrification and denitrification. Integrating PdNA upstream from polishing aeration and anoxic zones guarantees that stringent limits can be met (<5 mg N/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojolaoluwa Ladipo-Obasa
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Forney
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Christine deBarbadillo
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Black and Veatch, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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15
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Huo P, Chen X, Yang L, Wei W, Ni BJ. Modeling of sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification coupled with Anammox process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126887. [PMID: 35202830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) occurring in the anoxic reactor of the sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI) system has been regarded as the main nitrogen removal bioprocess, little is known about the accompanying Anammox bacteria whose presence is made possible by the co-existence of NH4+ and NO2-. Therefore, this work firstly developed an integrated SDAD-Anammox model to describe the interactions between sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and Anammox bacteria. The model was subsequently used to explore the impacts of influent conditions on the reactor performance and microbial community structure of the anoxic reactor. The results revealed that at a relatively low ratio of <1.5 mg S/mg N, Anammox bacteria could survive and even take a dominant position (up to 58.9%). Finally, a modified SANI system configuration based on the effective collaboration between SDAD and Anammox processes was proposed to improve the efficiency of the treatment of sulfate-rich saline sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Huo
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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16
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Baideme M, Long C, Chandran K. Enrichment of a denitratating microbial community through kinetic limitation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107113. [PMID: 35134715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Denitratation, or the intentionally engineered accumulation of nitrite (NO2-) from selective reduction of nitrate (NO3-), can be combined with downstream anammox to reduce chemical and energy use associated with conventional nitrification and denitrification. This study aimed to enrich a denitratating microbial community capable of significant NO2- accumulation by applying added kinetic limitation to an already stoichiometrically-limited, glycerol-driven denitratation process. Operation at solids residence time, SRT=3.0 d, resulted in optimal denitratation performance and a microbial community dominated by NO3--respirers, noted by one order of magnitude lower total copy numbers of nirS and nirK gene transcripts compared to longer SRTs. Selective NO3- reduction to NO2- was achieved at all SRTs although longer SRTs (less kinetic limitation) supported microbial communities more capable of full denitrification as described by a lower NO2- accumulation ratio (NAR=42±5%) and higher steady-state nitrous oxide (1.5 mg/L N2O-N) accumulation. Shorter SRTs (more kinetic limitation) led to higher observed yields (Y=0.63 mg-COD/mg-COD) with more electrons dedicated for cell synthesis (fs=0.56±0.10), which potentially contributed to the accumulation of NO3-. Enrichment of a denitratating-dominant microbial community by optimizing kinetic limitation operating parameters could support significant NO2- accumulation and reduce chemical and energy use for biological nitrogen removal when combined with downstream anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Baideme
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W. 120th St., Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Chenghua Long
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W. 120th St., Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, 500 W. 120th St., Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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17
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Peng Y. Applicability of two-stage anoxic/oxic shortcut nitrogen removal via partial nitrification and partial denitrification for municipal wastewater by adding sludge fermentation products continuously. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132053. [PMID: 34826887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification and partial denitrification combined with anammox is a promising process for sewage treatment. In this study, real municipal wastewater was treated in a continuous two-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O) reactor. External mixed sludge fermentation products were added in the anoxic zone, simultaneously achieving partial nitrification and partial denitrification and achieving a high and relatively stable accumulation of nitrite. The maximum accumulation rates of NO2--N in A1.2 and A2.1-A2.4 zones of the reactor reached 70% and 61%-37%, respectively, which improved denitrification efficiency and created conditions that supported the coupling of subsequent anammox. The influent nitrogen load of the system was 0.078 kg/(m3•d), and the mean influent and effluent total nitrogen were 51 and 12 mg/L, respectively. The mean total nitrogen removal rate reached 76%. Further analysis revealed that Hyphomicrobium (incomplete denitrifiers) and Nitrosomonas (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) were enriched, which may have facilitated the high nitrite accumulation. Moreover, the batch test showed that adding sludge fermentation during denitrification significantly suppressed nitrite reduction, resulting in the nitrite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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18
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Zhang IH, Mullen S, Ciccarese D, Dumit D, Martocello DE, Toyofuku M, Nomura N, Smriga S, Babbin AR. Ratio of Electron Donor to Acceptor Influences Metabolic Specialization and Denitrification Dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mixed Carbon Medium. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711073. [PMID: 34566916 PMCID: PMC8461185 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrifying microbes sequentially reduce nitrate (NO3 -) to nitrite (NO2 -), NO, N2O, and N2 through enzymes encoded by nar, nir, nor, and nos. Some denitrifiers maintain the whole four-gene pathway, but others possess partial pathways. Partial denitrifiers may evolve through metabolic specialization whereas complete denitrifiers may adapt toward greater metabolic flexibility in nitrogen oxide (NOx -) utilization. Both exist within natural environments, but we lack an understanding of selective pressures driving the evolution toward each lifestyle. Here we investigate differences in growth rate, growth yield, denitrification dynamics, and the extent of intermediate metabolite accumulation under varying nutrient conditions between the model complete denitrifier Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a community of engineered specialists with deletions in the denitrification genes nar or nir. Our results in a mixed carbon medium indicate a growth rate vs. yield tradeoff between complete and partial denitrifiers, which varies with total nutrient availability and ratios of organic carbon to NOx -. We found that the cultures of both complete and partial denitrifiers accumulated nitrite and that the metabolic lifestyle coupled with nutrient conditions are responsible for the extent of nitrite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H. Zhang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Program in Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Susan Mullen
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Davide Ciccarese
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Diana Dumit
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Donald E. Martocello
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Steven Smriga
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew R. Babbin
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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19
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Zhang L, Qiu YY, Zhou Y, Chen GH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Jiang F. Elemental sulfur as electron donor and/or acceptor: Mechanisms, applications and perspectives for biological water and wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117373. [PMID: 34243051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical oxidation and reduction are the principle of biological water and wastewater treatment, in which electron donor and/or acceptor shall be provided. Elemental sulfur (S0) as a non-toxic and easily available material with low price, possesses both reductive and oxidative characteristics, suggesting that it is a suitable material for water and wastewater treatment. Recent advanced understanding of S0-respiring microorganisms and their metabolism further stimulated the development of S0-based technologies. As such, S0-based biotechnologies have emerged as cost-effective and attractive alternatives to conventional biological methods for water and wastewater treatment. For instance, S0-driven autotrophic denitrification substantially lower the operational cost for nitrogen removal from water and wastewater, compared to the conventional process with exogenous carbon source supplementation. The introduction of S0 can also avoid secondary pollution commonly caused by overdose of organic carbon. S0 reduction processes cost-effectively mineralize organic matter with low sludge production. Biological sulfide production using S0 as electron acceptor is also an attractive technology for metal-laden wastewater treatment, e.g. acid mine drainage. This paper outlines an overview of the fundamentals, characteristics and advances of the S0-based biotechnologies and highlights the functional S0-related microorganisms. In particular, the mechanisms of microorganisms accessing insoluble S0 and feasibility to improve S0 bio-utilization efficiency are critically discussed. Additionally, the research knowledge gaps, current process limitations, and required further developments are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yan-Ying Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Ali P, Zalivina N, Le T, Riffat R, Ergas S, Wett B, Murthy S, Al-Omari A, deBarbadillo C, Bott C, De Clippeleir H. Primary sludge fermentate as carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1044-1059. [PMID: 33277759 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary sludge fermentate, a concentrated hydrolyzed wastewater carbon, was evaluated for use as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA) in a suspended growth activated sludge process in terms of partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency, PdNA nitrogen removal contributions, and final effluent quality. Fermenter operation at a 2-day sludge retention time (SRT) resulted in the maximum achievable yield of 0.14 ± 0.05 g sCOD/g VSS without release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system. Based on the results of batch experiments, fermentate addition led to PdN efficiency of 93 ± 14%, which was similar to acetate at a nitrate residual of 2-3 mg N/L. In the pilot-scale mainstream deammonification reactor, PdN efficiency using fermentate was 49 ± 24%, which was lower than acetate (66 ± 24% during acetate period I and 70 ± 21% during acetate period II), most probably due to lower nitrate and ammonium kinetics in the PdN zone. Methanol cost-saving potential for the application of PdNA as the main short-cut nitrogen pathway was estimated to be 30% to 55% depending on the PdN efficiency achieved. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Primary sludge fermentate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA). Fermenter operated at a 1 to 2 day SRT resulted in the maximum achievable yield without the release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system. Although 93% partial denitrification efficiency was achieved with fermentate in batch experiments, around 49% PdN efficiency was achieved in pilot studies. Application of PdNA with fermentate can result in significant methanol cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nadezhda Zalivina
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tri Le
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, DC, USA
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rumana Riffat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarina Ergas
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
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21
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Deng YF, Tang WT, Huang H, Qian J, Wu D, Chen GH. Development of a kinetic model to evaluate thiosulfate-driven denitrification and anammox (TDDA) process. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117155. [PMID: 33915406 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the integration of sulfur-driven denitrification and anammox process has been extensively studied as a promising alternative nitrogen removal technology. Most of these studies investigated the process feasibility and monitored the community dynamics. However, an in-depth understanding of this new sulfur-nitrogen cycle bioprocess based on mathematical modeling and elucidation of complex interactions among different microorganisms has not yet been achieved. To fill this gap, we developed a kinetic model (with 7 bioprocesses, 12 variables, and 19 parameters) to assess the sulfur(thiosulfate)-driven denitrification and anammox (TDDA) process in a single reactor. The parameters used in this process were separately estimated by fitting the data obtained from the experiments. Then, the model was further validated under different conditions, and the results demonstrated that the developed model could describe the dynamic behaviors of nitrogen and sulfur conversions in the TDDA system. The newly developed branched thiosulfate oxidation model was also verified by conducting a metagenomics analysis. Using the developed model, we i) examined the interactions between sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria at steady-state conditions with varying substrates to demonstrate the reliability of TDDA, and ii) evaluated the feasibility and operation of the TDDA process in terms of practical implementation. Our results will benefit further exploration of the significance of this novel S-N cycle bioprocess and guide its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Tao Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Suri N, Zhang Y, Gieg LM, Ryan MC. Denitrification Biokinetics: Towards Optimization for Industrial Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:610389. [PMID: 34025593 PMCID: PMC8131540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.610389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrification is a microbial process that converts nitrate (NO3–) to N2 and can play an important role in industrial applications such as souring control and microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The effectiveness of using NO3– in souring control depends on the partial reduction of NO3– to nitrite (NO2–) and/or N2O while in MEOR complete reduction of NO3– to N2 is desired. Thauera has been reported as a dominant taxon in such applications, but the impact of NO3– and NO2– concentrations, and pH on the kinetics of denitrification by this bacterium is not known. With the goal of better understanding the effects of such parameters on applications such as souring and MEOR, three strains of Thauera (K172, NS1 and TK001) were used to study denitrification kinetics when using acetate as an electron donor. At low initial NO3– concentrations (∼1 mmol L–1) and at pH 7.5, complete NO3– reduction by all strains was indicated by non-detectable NO3– concentrations and near-complete recovery (> 97%) of the initial NO3-N as N2 after 14 days of incubation. The relative rate of denitrification by NS1 was low, 0.071 mmol L–1 d–1, compared to that of K172 (0.431 mmol L–1 d–1) and TK001 (0.429 mmol L–1 d–1). Transient accumulation of up to 0.74 mmol L–1 NO2– was observed in cultures of NS1 only. Increased initial NO3– concentrations resulted in the accumulation of elevated concentrations of NO2– and N2O, particularly in incubations with K172 and NS1. Strain TK001 had the most extensive NO3– reduction under high initial NO3– concentrations, but still had only ∼78% of the initial NO3-N recovered as N2 after 90 days of incubation. As denitrification proceeded, increased pH substantially reduced denitrification rates when values exceeded ∼ 9. The rate and extent of NO3– reduction were also affected by NO2– accumulation, particularly in incubations with K172, where up to more than a 2-fold rate decrease was observed. The decrease in rate was associated with decreased transcript abundances of denitrification genes (nirS and nosZ) required to produce enzymes for reduction of NO2– and N2O. Conversely, high pH also contributed to the delayed expression of these gene transcripts rather than their abundances in strains NS1 and TK001. Increased NO2– concentrations, N2O levels and high pH appeared to cause higher stress on NS1 than on K172 and TK001 for N2 production. Collectively, these results indicate that increased pH can alter the kinetics of denitrification by Thauera strains used in this study, suggesting that liming could be a way to achieve partial denitrification to promote NO2– and N2O production (e.g., for souring control) while pH buffering would be desirable for achieving complete denitrification to N2 (e.g., for gas-mediated MEOR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Navreet Suri
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa M Gieg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Cathryn Ryan
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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23
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Huang X, Shen S, Lin Y. Biodegradation of catechol by
Pseudomonas fluorescens
isolated from petroleum‐impacted soil. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Siyang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Yen‐Han Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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24
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Borer B, Ciccarese D, Johnson D, Or D. Spatial organization in microbial range expansion emerges from trophic dependencies and successful lineages. Commun Biol 2020; 3:685. [PMID: 33208809 PMCID: PMC7674409 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that bacterial community spatial organization affects their ecological function, yet details of the mechanisms that promote spatial patterns remain difficult to resolve experimentally. In contrast to bacterial communities in liquid cultures, surface-attached range expansion fosters genetic segregation of the growing population with preferential access to nutrients and reduced mechanical restrictions for cells at the expanding periphery. Here we elucidate how localized conditions in cross-feeding bacterial communities shape community spatial organization. We combine experiments with an individual based mathematical model to resolve how trophic dependencies affect localized growth rates and nucleate successful cell lineages. The model tracks individual cell lineages and attributes these with trophic dependencies that promote counterintuitive reproductive advantages and result in lasting influences on the community structure, and potentially, on its functioning. We examine persistence of lucky lineages in structured habitats where expansion is interrupted by physical obstacles to gain insights into patterns in porous domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Borer
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Ciccarese
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dani Or
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Zhong H, Cheng Y, Ahmad Z, Shao Y, Zhang H, Lu Q, Shim H. Solid-phase denitrification for water remediation: processes, limitations, and new aspects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1113-1130. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
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26
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Ma B, Xu X, Wei Y, Ge C, Peng Y. Recent advances in controlling denitritation for achieving denitratation/anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment plants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122697. [PMID: 31902637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Denitratation (NO3-→NO2-)/anammox is a promising method for anammox application in mainstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to reduce oxygen and organic matter consumption. Achieving nitrite production via denitratation and controlling denitritation (NO2-→N2) is the basis of the denitratation/anammox process. To control denitritation, the denitrifying biocommunity and growth rate are critically reviewed for biocommunity optimization. Then, the short-term and long-term effects of pH on denitritation were summarized and the possible mechanism was discussed, along with the effect of C/N ratio and organic matter type on denitritation. Meanwhile, the strategies for producing nitrite via controlling denitritation are discussed, as well as the processes for achieving nitrogen removal via denitratation/anammox in WWTPs. Finally, the practical application of denitratation/anammox in a full-scale mainstream WWTP is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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27
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Böllmann J, Martienssen M. Comparison of different media for the detection of denitrifying and nitrate reducing bacteria in mesotrophic aquatic environments by the most probable number method. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 168:105808. [PMID: 31837971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cultivation based characterization of microbial communities and the quantification of certain functional bacterial groups is still an essential part of microbiology and microbial ecology. For plate count methods meanwhile low strength media are recommended, since they cover a broader range of different species and result in higher counts compared to established high strength media. For liquid media, as they are used for most probable number (MPN) quantifications, comparisons between high and low strength media are rare. In this study we compare the performance of different high and low strength media for the MPN quantification of nitrate reducing and denitrifying bacteria in two different fresh water environments. We also calculated the cell specific turnover rates of several denitrifying cultures previously enriched in high and low strength media from three different fresh water environments and a waste water treatment plant. For fresh water samples, our results indicate that high strength media detect higher MPN of denitrifying bacteria and in equal MPN of nitrate reducing bacteria compared to low strength media, which is in contrary to plate count techniques. For sediment samples, high and low strength media performed equal. The cell specific turnover rate was independent from the enrichment media and the media of the performance test. The cause of the lower denitrifyer MPN in low strength media remains, however, unclear. The results are important for further MPN quantifications of bacteria in nutrient poor environments and for calculations of nitrogen turnover rates by kinetical models using the number of metabolic active cells as one parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Böllmann
- Department of Biotechnology for water treatment, BTU-Cottbus-Senftenberg, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046 Cottbus, Germany.
| | - Marion Martienssen
- Department of Biotechnology for water treatment, BTU-Cottbus-Senftenberg, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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28
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Le T, Peng B, Su C, Massoudieh A, Torrents A, Al-Omari A, Murthy S, Wett B, Chandran K, deBarbadillo C, Bott C, De Clippeleir H. Nitrate residual as a key parameter to efficiently control partial denitrification coupling with anammox. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1455-1465. [PMID: 31074914 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increased research efforts, full-scale implementation of shortcut nitrogen removal strategies has been challenged by the lack of consistent nitrite-oxidizing bacteria out-selection. This paper proposes an alternative path using partial denitrification (PdN) selection coupled with anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). A nitrate residual concentration (>2 mg N/L) was identified as the crucial factor for metabolic PdN selection using acetate as a carbon source, unlike the COD/N ratio which was often suggested. Therefore, a novel and simple acetate dosing control strategy based on maintaining a nitrate concentration was tested in the absence and presence of AnAOB, achieving PdN efficiencies above 80%. The metabolic-based PdN selection allowed for flexibility to move between PdN and full denitrification when required to meet effluent nitrate levels. Due to the independence of this strategy on species selection and management of nitrite competition, this novel approach will guarantee nitrite availability for AnAOB under mainstream conditions unlike shortcut nitrogen removal approaches based on NOB out-selection. Overall, a COD addition of only 2.2 g COD/g TIN removed was needed for the PdN-AnAOB concept showing its potential for significant savings in external carbon source needs to meet low TIN effluent concentrations making this concept a competitive alternative. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Nitrate residual is the key control parameter for partial denitrification selection. Metabolic selection allowed for flexibility of moving from partial to full denitrification. 2.2 g COD/g TIN removed was needed for partial denitrification-anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Le
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bo Peng
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chunyang Su
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Arash Massoudieh
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alba Torrents
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sudhir Murthy
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
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29
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Deng YF, Ekama GA, Cui YX, Tang CJ, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH, Wu D. Coupling of sulfur(thiosulfate)-driven denitratation and anammox process to treat nitrate and ammonium contained wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114854. [PMID: 31323502 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of a new biological nitrogen removal process that integrates sulfur-driven autotrophic denitratation (NO3-→NO2-) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and ammonium from industrial wastewater. The proposed sulfur(thiosulfate)-driven denitratation and Anammox process was developed in two phases: First, the thiosulfate-driven denitratation was established in the UASB inoculated with activated sludge and fed with ammonium, nitrate and thiosulfate for 52 days until the nitrite level in the effluent reached 32.1 mg N/L. Second, enriched Anammox biomass was introduced to the UASB to develop the integrated thiosulfate-driven denitratation and Anammox (TDDA) bioprocess (53-212 d). Results showed that nitrate and ammonium could be efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater by the integrated TDDA system at a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 82.5 ± 1.8% with an influent NH4+-N of 101.2 ± 2.2 mgN/L, NO3--N of 101.1 ± 1.5 mgN/L and thiosulfate of 202.5 ± 3.2 mg S/L. It was estimated that Anammox and autotrophic denitritation (NO2-→N2) contributed to about 90% and 10% of the TN removal respectively at stable operation. The established TDDA system was further supported by high-throughput sequencing analysis that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas) coexisted with Anammox bacteria (e.g., Ca. Kuenenia and Ca. Anammoxoglobus) in this syntrophic biocenosis. Additionally, batch experiments were conducted to reveal the kinetic rates and to reconcile the stoichiometry of the electron donor/acceptor couples of the TDDA process. The results unraveled the mechanisms in the new bioprocess: i) sulfite and elemental sulfur (S0) were initially generated from branched thiosulfate; ii) oxidation of sulfite and elemental sulfur coupled with fast and slow denitratation; iii) nitrite produced from denitratation together with ammonium were effectively converted to dinitrogen gas via Anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Fan Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yan-Xiang Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cong-Jian Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Shi L, Du R, Peng Y. Achieving partial denitrification using carbon sources in domestic wastewater with waste-activated sludge as inoculum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:18-27. [PMID: 30897389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Partial denitrification (PD, nitrate → nitrite) using carbon sources in domestic wastewater with waste-activated sludge as inoculum was firstly achieved in this study. Through controlling influent pH at about 9.0 and anoxic reaction time of 1 h in the start-up, the nitrite (NO2--N) production reached as high as 25.2 mg/L, with influent nitrate (NO3--N) of about 30 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to NO3--N ratio of 5.9. Furthermore, PD performance remained stable without pH control during subsequent operations. Efficient NO2--N production was closely related to the consumed amount of readily biodegradable COD (Ss) fraction, with optimal Ss/NO3--N ratio of about 3.5. Thauera (19.1%), norank_f__Xanthomonadaceae (5.2%), and Thiobacillus (5.0%) were enriched during the 208-day operation, which may be responsible for high NO2--N production. These findings provided a novel strategy for promoting mainstream PD/Anammox application, without additional nitrite-accumulating denitrifying sludge and external carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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31
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He W, Dong Y, Li C, Han X, Liu G, Liu J, Feng Y. Field tests of cubic-meter scale microbial electrochemical system in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 155:372-380. [PMID: 30856521 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A pilot microbial electrochemical system (MES) system with a total volume of 1.5 m3 was developed and operated outdoor in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Microbial separator based on the dynamic biofilm on low-cost porous matrix was applied to replace ion exchange membranes (IEMs), while the separate plug-in module architecture allowed the totally 336 pairs of MES units and 14 separator modules to be integrated into one wastewater tank. The separator layer equally divided the wastewater tank into 7 cathodic and 8 anodic compartments. Fed with primary sedimentation tank effluent of WWTP, the pilot MES achieved stable removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (91 ± 3%), total nitrogen (64 ± 2%) and ammonium nitrogen (91 ± 3%), which were complied with the first grade A standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (DSPMWTP) in China. The stable power output of pilot MES was 406 ± 30 mW m-3 based on effective liquid volume, or energy conversion performance of 2.03 × 10-3 kWh m-3 (one cubic meter of influent wastewater). The pilot MES achieved much lower effluent COD of 25 ± 7 mg L-1 with HRT of 5 h, while that of activated sludge process in WWTP was 43 ± 6 mg L-1 under HRT of 12 h. Even though the aeration of biocathode demanded a net electricity consumption of 3.44 × 10-3 kWh m-3, the low operation energy requirement for pilot MES was only 12% of that in a typical activated sludge process (0.3 kWh m-3). By avoiding the utilization of IEMs and redundant structural materials, the pilot MES achieved a low system cost of $1702.1 (or $1135 m-3) as well and promoted the further real-world application of MES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China.
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32
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Qian W, Ma B, Li X, Zhang Q, Peng Y. Long-term effect of pH on denitrification: High pH benefits achieving partial-denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:444-449. [PMID: 30704903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Partial-denitrification (nitrate to nitrite) can supply nitrite for anammox which can reduce organic matter consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to achieve stable partial-denitrification, the effect of pH on denitrification were investigated for 420 days in three reactors with influent pH of 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The results indicate that the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) increased with pH, with average effluent NARs being 21%, 38% and 57% in the above reactors, respectively. The sludge cultivated at a high pH of 9.0 was resistant to pH shock, with a high NAR being maintained at 83% when it was exposed to a low pH of 5.0. Metagenomic analysis showed that the higher NAR at pH 9.0 was correlated with an enrichment of Thauera, which harbored more nitrate reductase (8098 hits) than nitrite reductase (2950 hits). Based on these findings, a novel process was proposed for achieving partial-denitrification/anammox in mainstream WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Qian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Zhejiang Province Institute of Architectural Design and Research, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Le T, Peng B, Su C, Massoudieh A, Torrents A, Al-Omari A, Murthy S, Wett B, Chandran K, DeBarbadillo C, Bott C, De Clippeleir H. Impact of carbon source and COD/N on the concurrent operation of partial denitrification and anammox. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:185-197. [PMID: 30699248 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, concurrent operation of anammox and partial denitrification within a nonacclimated mixed culture system was proposed. The impact of carbon sources (acetate, glycerol, methanol, and ethanol) and COD/NO3- -N ratio on partial denitrification selection under both short- and long-term operations was investigated. Results from short-term testing showed that all carbon sources supported partial denitrification. However, acetate and glycerol were preferred due to their display of efficient partial denitrification selection, which may be related to their different electron transport pathways in comparison with methanol. Long-term operation confirmed results of batch tests by showing the contribution of partial denitrification to nitrate removal above 90% after acclimation in both acetate and glycerol reactors. In contrast, methanol showed challenges of maintaining efficient partial denitrification. COD/NO3- -N ratio mainly controlled the rate of nitrate reduction and not directly partial denitrification selection; thus, it should be used to balance between denitrification rate and anammox rate. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The authors aimed to investigate the impact of carbon sources and COD/NO3-N ratio on partial denitrification selection. All the carbon sources supported partial denitrification as long as the nitrite sink was available. 90% partial denitrification could be achieved with both acetate and glycerol in long-term operations. COD/NO3-N ratio did not directly control partial denitrification but can be used to balance between denitrification rate and anammox rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Le
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bo Peng
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chunyang Su
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Arash Massoudieh
- Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
| | - Alba Torrents
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sudhir Murthy
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia
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Pan Y, Liu Y, Peng L, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wei W, Wang D, Ni BJ. Substrate Diffusion within Biofilms Significantly Influencing the Electron Competition during Denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:261-269. [PMID: 30511837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A common and long-existing operational issue of wastewater denitrification is the unexpected accumulation of nitrite (NO2-) that could suppress the activity of various microorganisms involved in biological wastewater treatment process and nitrous oxide (N2O) that could emit as a potent greenhouse gas. Recently, it has been confirmed that the accumulation of these denitrification intermediates in biological wastewater treatment process is greatly influenced by the electron competition between the four denitrification steps. However, little is known about this in biofilm systems. In this work, we applied a mathematical model that links carbon oxidation and nitrogen reduction processes through a pool of electron carriers, to assess electron competition in denitrifying biofilms. Simulations were performed comprehensively at seven combinations of electron acceptor addition scheme (i.e., simultaneous addition of one, two or three among nitrate (NO3-), NO2-, and N2O) to compare the effect of electron competition on NO3-, NO2- and N2O reduction. Overall, the effects of substrate loading, biofilm thickness and effective diffusion coefficients on electron competition are not always intuitive. Model simulations show that electron competition was intensified due to the substrate load limitation (from 120 to 20 mg COD/L) and increasing biofilm thicknesses (from 0.1 to 1.6 mm) in most cases, where electrons were prioritized to nitrite reductase because of the insufficient electron donor availability in the biofilm. In contrast, increasing effective diffusion coefficients did not pose a significant effect on electron competition and only increased electrons distributed to nitrite reductase when both NO2- and N2O are added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Wuhan University of Technology , Luoshi Road 122 , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha , 410082 , China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales 2007 , Australia
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Xiujie W, Weiqi W, Jing Z, Siyu W, Jun L. Dominance ofCandidatus saccharibacteriain SBRs achieving partial denitrification: effects of sludge acclimating methods on microbial communities and nitrite accumulation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11263-11271. [PMID: 35520233 PMCID: PMC9063028 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09518c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial denitrification (NO3−-N → NO2−-N) was combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) to achieve nitrogen removal with a low C/N ratio and low energy consumption. Three different acclimation conditions, namely, R1 (sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under anoxic conditions), R2 (SBR under alternating anoxic/aerobic conditions), and R3 (SBR under low-intensity aeration), were investigated using glucose as an electron donor to achieve continuous accumulation of nitrite during a 120 d run. Subsequently, the denitrification performance and microbial community structure of the sludge were investigated. The results showed that the acclimatized sludge in reactors R2 and R3 achieved better partial denitrification performance than the sludge in R1 due to the presence of dissolved oxygen as a result of aeration. Notably, the R3 reactor had the optimal conditions for nitrite accumulation. The high-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the dominant bacteria in R2 and R3 were Candidatus saccharibacteria with a relative abundance of 45.44% and 34.96%, respectively. This was the first time that Candidatus saccharibacteria was reported as the dominant bacteria in denitrifying sludge. The microbial diversity of the R1 reactor was much greater than that of R2 and R3, indicating that a larger proportion of denitrifying bacteria were present in the R2 and R3 reactors. In addition, the batch experiments showed that the higher the initial pH, the higher the nitrite accumulation rate was. Partial denitrification (NO3−-N → NO2−-N) was combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) to achieve nitrogen removal with a low C/N ratio and low energy consumption.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiujie
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Bejing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Wang Weiqi
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Bejing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Zhang Jing
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Bejing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Wang Siyu
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Bejing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
| | - Li Jun
- The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Bejing University of Technology
- Beijing 100124
- China
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Medhi K, Singhal A, Chauhan DK, Thakur IS. Investigating the nitrification and denitrification kinetics under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 242:334-343. [PMID: 28347619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater contains multiple nitrogen contaminants such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrite. Two heterotrophic nitrifier and aerobic denitrifiers, bacterial isolates ISTOD1 and ISTVD1 were isolated from domestic wastewater. On the basis of removal efficiency of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, ISTOD1 was selected and identified as Paracoccus denitrificans. Aerobically, NH4+-N had maximum specific nitrogen removal rate (Rxi) of 7.6g/gDCW/h and anaerobically, NO3-N showed Rxi of 2.5*10-1g/g DCW/h. Monod equation described the bioprocess kinetic coefficients, µmax and Ks, obtained by regression. Error functions were calculated to validate the Monod equation experimental data. Aerobic NO3-N showed the highest YW of 0.372mg DCW/mg NO3-N among the five conditions. ISTOD1 serves as a potential candidate for treating nitrogen rich wastewater using simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification. It can be used in bioaugmentation studies under varied condition.
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Acharya S, Sharma S, Chauhan G, Shree D. Statistical Optimization of Electrocoagulation Process for Removal of Nitrates Using Response Surface Methodology. INDIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEER 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2017.1365630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanigdha Acharya
- University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - S.K. Sharma
- University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Garima Chauhan
- University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
| | - Darshan Shree
- University School of Chemical Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, India
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Rafrafi Y, Durban N, Bertron A, Albrecht A, Robinet JC, Erable B. Use of a continuous-flow bioreactor to evaluate nitrate reduction rate of Halomonas desiderata in cementitious environment relevant to nuclear waste deep repository. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen Y, Guo L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Gao M, She Z. Interaction of short-chain fatty acids carbon source on denitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1915-1925. [PMID: 27724792 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1240714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could be obtained from organic waste anaerobic digestion. The ability and interaction of different SCFAs on denitrification were investigated in this study. Two kinds of SCFAs (acetate and propionate with 5 different ratios) and 4 kinds of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate with 10 different ratios) were evaluated. Using acetate (Ac) and propionate (Pr) as carbon sources, the highest nitrate removal efficiency of 97.5% was obtained. When using the mixture of acetate (Ac), propionate (Pr), butyrate (Bu) and valerate (Va) as the carbon source, the highest nitrate removal efficiency obtained was 92.0%. The denitrification performance was affected significantly by different kinds and proportions of SCFAs. In addition, nitrite accumulation and chemical oxygen demand consumption for different contents of SCFAs were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglian She
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
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Hartop KR, Sullivan MJ, Giannopoulos G, Gates AJ, Bond PL, Yuan Z, Clarke TA, Rowley G, Richardson DJ. The metabolic impact of extracellular nitrite on aerobic metabolism of Paracoccus denitrificans. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 113:207-214. [PMID: 28214776 PMCID: PMC5339346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite, in equilibrium with free nitrous acid (FNA), can inhibit both aerobic and anaerobic growth of microbial communities through bactericidal activities that have considerable potential for control of microbial growth in a range of water systems. There has been much focus on the effect of nitrite/FNA on anaerobic metabolism and so, to enhance understanding of the metabolic impact of nitrite/FNA on aerobic metabolism, a study was undertaken with a model denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222. Extracellular nitrite inhibits aerobic growth of P. denitrificans in a pH-dependent manner that is likely to be a result of both nitrite and free nitrous acid (pKa = 3.25) and subsequent reactive nitrogen oxides generated from the intracellular passage of FNA into P. denitrificans. Increased expression of a gene encoding a flavohemoglobin protein (Fhp) (Pden_1689) was observed in response to extracellular nitrite. Construction and analysis of a deletion mutant established Fhp to be involved in endowing nitrite/FNA resistance at high extracellular nitrite concentrations. Global transcriptional analysis confirmed nitrite-dependent expression of fhp and indicated that P. denitrificans expressed a number of stress response systems associated with protein, DNA and lipid repair. It is therefore suggested that nitrite causes a pH-dependent stress response that is due to the production of associated reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide from the internalisation of FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Hartop
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - M J Sullivan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - G Giannopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A J Gates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - P L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Z Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - T A Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - G Rowley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - D J Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) degradation by nitrate-reducing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5163-5173. [PMID: 28299401 PMCID: PMC5486822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) is widely used in the composition of detergents and frequently ends up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). While aerobic SLES degradation is well studied, little is known about the fate of this compound in anoxic environments, such as denitrification tanks of WWTPs, nor about the bacteria involved in the anoxic biodegradation. Here, we used SLES as sole carbon and energy source, at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 mg L−1, to enrich and isolate nitrate-reducing bacteria from activated sludge of a WWTP with the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) concept. In the 50 mg L−1 enrichment, Comamonas (50%), Pseudomonas (24%), and Alicycliphilus (12%) were present at higher relative abundance, while Pseudomonas (53%) became dominant in the 1000 mg L−1 enrichment. Aeromonas hydrophila strain S7, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain S8, and Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain S11 were isolated from the enriched cultures. Under denitrifying conditions, strains S8 and S11 degraded 500 mg L−1 SLES in less than 1 day, while strain S7 required more than 6 days. Strains S8 and S11 also showed a remarkable resistance to SLES, being able to grow and reduce nitrate with SLES concentrations up to 40 g L−1. Strain S11 turned out to be the best anoxic SLES degrader, degrading up to 41% of 500 mg L−1. The comparison between SLES anoxic and oxic degradation by strain S11 revealed differences in SLES cleavage, degradation, and sulfate accumulation; both ester and ether cleavage were probably employed in SLES anoxic degradation by strain S11.
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Vilardi G, Di Palma L. Kinetic Study of Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Copper-Coated Iron Nanoparticles. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:359-365. [PMID: 27372457 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrates are considered hazard compounds for human health due to their tendency to be reduced to nitrites, in particular in reducing environment. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) represents an efficient and low-cost adsorbent/reductive agent for nitrate removal from groundwater and wastewaters and a little addition of a second metal species (Cu, Pd, Ni, Ag) has proven to increase process effectiveness, by enhancing stability and oxidation resistance of nanoparticles. In this work Cu/Fe nanoparticles were loaded in a NO3- solution (100 mg L-1) and the removal efficiency was tested by monitoring nitrate concentration at selected time intervals. Results showed that the nitrate removal process involves both reduction and adsorption processes: the removal mechanism has been investigated, and the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order-adsorption kinetic models were successfully tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vilardi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
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Bleyen N, Smets S, Small J, Moors H, Leys N, Albrecht A, De Cannière P, Schwyn B, Wittebroodt C, Valcke E. Impact of the electron donor on in situ microbial nitrate reduction in Opalinus Clay: results from the Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland). SWISS JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2017; 110:355-374. [PMID: 32214982 PMCID: PMC7081829 DOI: 10.1007/s00015-016-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
At the Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland), an in situ experiment is being carried out to examine the fate of nitrate leaching from nitrate-containing bituminized radioactive waste, in a clay host rock for geological disposal. Such a release of nitrate may cause a geochemical perturbation of the clay, possibly affecting some of the favorable characteristics of the host rock. In this in situ experiment, combined transport and reactivity of nitrate is studied inside anoxic and water-saturated chambers in a borehole in the Opalinus Clay. Continuous circulation of the solution from the borehole to the surface equipment allows a regular sampling and online monitoring of its chemical composition. In this paper, in situ microbial nitrate reduction in the Opalinus Clay is discussed, in the presence or absence of additional electron donors relevant for the disposal concept and likely to be released from nitrate-containing bituminized radioactive waste: acetate (simulating bitumen degradation products) and H2 (originating from radiolysis and corrosion in the repository). The results of these tests indicate that-in case microorganisms would be active in the repository or the surrounding clay-microbial nitrate reduction can occur using electron donors naturally present in the clay (e.g. pyrite, dissolved organic matter). Nevertheless, non-reactive transport of nitrate in the clay is expected to be the main process. In contrast, when easily oxidizable electron donors would be available (e.g. acetate and H2), the microbial activity will be strongly stimulated. Both in the presence of H2 and acetate, nitrite and nitrogenous gases are predominantly produced, although some ammonium can also be formed when H2 is present. The reduction of nitrate in the clay could have an impact on the redox conditions in the pore-water and might also lead to a gas-related perturbation of the host rock, depending on the electron donor used during denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Bleyen
- 1Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Steven Smets
- 1Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Joe Small
- 2National Nuclear Laboratory NLL, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, WA3 6AS Warrington, UK
| | - Hugo Moors
- 1Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- 1Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Achim Albrecht
- 3Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs Andra, 1-7, Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Pierre De Cannière
- 4Federal Agency for Nuclear Control FANC, Rue Ravenstein 36, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Schwyn
- 5National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste NAGRA, Hardstrasse 73, 5430 Wettingen, Switzerland
| | - Charles Wittebroodt
- 6Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire IRSN, 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Elie Valcke
- 1Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
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Rodríguez-Escales P, Sanchez-Vila X. Fate of sulfamethoxazole in groundwater: Conceptualizing and modeling metabolite formation under different redox conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:540-550. [PMID: 27676388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of emerging organic compounds in saturated porous media is usually postulated as following simple low-order models. This is a strongly oversimplified, and in some cases plainly incorrect model, that does not consider the fate of the different metabolites. Furthermore, it does not account for the reversibility in the reaction observed in a few emerging organic compounds, where the parent is recovered from the metabolite. One such compound is the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). In this paper, we first compile existing experimental data to formulate a complete model for the degradation of SMX in aquifers subject to varying redox conditions, ranging from aerobic to iron reducing. SMX degrades reversibly or irreversibly to a number of metabolites that are specific of the redox state. Reactions are in all cases biologically mediated. We then propose a mathematical model that reproduces the full fate of dissolved SMX subject to anaerobic conditions and that can be used as a first step in emerging compound degradation modeling efforts. The model presented is tested against the results of the batch experiments of Barbieri et al. (2012) and Nödler et al. (2012) displaying a non-monotonic concentration of SMX as a function of time under denitrification conditions, as well as those of Mohatt et al. (2011), under iron reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodríguez-Escales
- Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Sanchez-Vila
- Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Migraines Are Correlated with Higher Levels of Nitrate-, Nitrite-, and Nitric Oxide-Reducing Oral Microbes in the American Gut Project Cohort. mSystems 2016; 1:mSystems00105-16. [PMID: 27822557 PMCID: PMC5080405 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00105-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated a potentially symbiotic relationship between oral commensal bacteria and humans through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway (C. Duncan et al., Nat Med 1:546–551, 1995, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0695-546). Oral nitrate-reducing bacteria contribute physiologically relevant levels of nitrite and nitric oxide to the human host that may have positive downstream effects on cardiovascular health (V. Kapil et al., Free Radic Biol Med 55:93–100, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013). In the work presented here, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to determine whether a connection exists between oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, nitrates for cardiovascular disease, and migraines, which are a common side effect of nitrate medications (U. Thadani and T. Rodgers, Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:667–674, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.5.5.667). Nitrates, such as cardiac therapeutics and food additives, are common headache triggers, with nitric oxide playing an important role. Facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity may contribute migraine-triggering levels of nitric oxide through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Using high-throughput sequencing technologies, we detected observable and significantly higher abundances of nitrate, nitrite, and nitric oxide reductase genes in migraineurs versus nonmigraineurs in samples collected from the oral cavity and a slight but significant difference in fecal samples. IMPORTANCE Recent work has demonstrated a potentially symbiotic relationship between oral commensal bacteria and humans through the salivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway (C. Duncan et al., Nat Med 1:546–551, 1995, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0695-546). Oral nitrate-reducing bacteria contribute physiologically relevant levels of nitrite and nitric oxide to the human host that may have positive downstream effects on cardiovascular health (V. Kapil et al., Free Radic Biol Med 55:93–100, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.11.013). In the work presented here, we used 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing to determine whether a connection exists between oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, nitrates for cardiovascular disease, and migraines, which are a common side effect of nitrate medications (U. Thadani and T. Rodgers, Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:667–674, 2006, http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.5.5.667).
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Shams DF, Rubio A, Elefsiniotis P, Singhal N. Post-denitrification using alginate beads containing organic carbon and activated sludge microorganisms. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1626-1635. [PMID: 27763343 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate concentration in the final effluent is a key issue in pre-denitrification biological treatment systems. This study investigated post-denitrification with alginate beads containing immobilized activated sludge microorganisms and organic carbon source. A batch study was first performed to identify suitable carbon sources among acetate, glucose, calcium tartrate, starch and canola oil on the basis of nitrate removal and bead stability. Canola oil and starch beads exhibited significantly higher denitrification rates, greater bead stability and lower nitrite accumulation (6 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively). Glucose and acetate beads showed longer acclimation phases and degraded faster whereas tartrate beads had higher nitrite build-up (39 mg/L) and degraded due to brittleness. Post-denitrification with canola oil and starch beads was investigated in the final clarifier of a coupled upflow bioreactor and aerobic system treating synthetic dairy farm wastewater, and showed a denitrification efficiency of >90%. Beads faded in 12 days due to alginate degradation. Therefore, enhancement in bead strength or use of more stable nontoxic gel would be required to further prolong the treatment. Moreover, this study was conducted at laboratory scale and further research is needed for application in real systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Farhan Shams
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand E-mail: ; Present address: Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Panagiotis Elefsiniotis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand E-mail:
| | - Naresh Singhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand E-mail:
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Camejo PY, Owen BR, Martirano J, Ma J, Kapoor V, Santo Domingo J, McMahon KD, Noguera DR. Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis clades enriched under cyclic anaerobic and microaerobic conditions simultaneously use different electron acceptors. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:125-137. [PMID: 27340814 PMCID: PMC7323474 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lab- and pilot-scale simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal-sequencing batch reactors were operated under cyclic anaerobic and micro-aerobic conditions. The use of oxygen, nitrite, and nitrate as electron acceptors by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis during the micro-aerobic stage was investigated. A complete clade-level characterization of Accumulibacter in both reactors was performed using newly designed qPCR primers targeting the polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk1). In the lab-scale reactor, limited-oxygen conditions led to an alternated dominance of Clade IID and IC over the other clades. Results from batch tests when Clade IC was dominant (i.e., >92% of Accumulibacter) showed that this clade was capable of using oxygen, nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors for P uptake. A more heterogeneous distribution of clades was found in the pilot-scale system (Clades IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IA, and IC), and in this reactor, oxygen, nitrite and nitrate were also used as electron acceptors coupled to phosphorus uptake. However, nitrite was not an efficient electron acceptor in either reactor, and nitrate allowed only partial P removal. The results from the Clade IC dominated reactor indicated that either organisms in this clade can simultaneously use multiple electron acceptors under micro-aerobic conditions, or that the use of multiple electron acceptors by Clade IC is due to significant microdiversity within the Accumulibacter clades defined using the ppk1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y Camejo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Brian R Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Joseph Martirano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Juan Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Vikram Kapoor
- Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Katherine D McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Daniel R Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Engineering microbial consortia for controllable outputs. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2077-84. [PMID: 26967105 PMCID: PMC4989317 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Much research has been invested into engineering microorganisms to perform desired biotransformations; nonetheless, these efforts frequently fall short of expected results due to the unforeseen effects of biofeedback regulation and functional incompatibility. In nature, metabolic function is compartmentalized into diverse organisms assembled into robust consortia, in which the division of labor is thought to lead to increased community efficiency and productivity. Here we consider whether and how consortia can be designed to perform bioprocesses of interest beyond the metabolic flexibility limitations of a single organism. Advances in post-genomic analysis of microbial consortia and application of high-resolution global measurements now offer the promise of systems-level understanding of how microbial consortia adapt to changes in environmental variables and inputs of carbon and energy. We argue that, when combined with appropriate modeling frameworks, systems-level knowledge can markedly improve our ability to predict the fate and functioning of consortia. Here we articulate our collective perspective on the current and future state of microbial community engineering and control while placing specific emphasis on ecological principles that promote control over community function and emergent properties.
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Segregating metabolic processes into different microbial cells accelerates the consumption of inhibitory substrates. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:1568-78. [PMID: 26771930 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Different microbial cell types typically specialize at performing different metabolic processes. A canonical example is substrate cross-feeding, where one cell type consumes a primary substrate into an intermediate and another cell type consumes the intermediate. While substrate cross-feeding is widely observed, its consequences on ecosystem processes is often unclear. How does substrate cross-feeding affect the rate or extent of substrate consumption? We hypothesized that substrate cross-feeding eliminates competition between different enzymes and reduces the accumulation of growth-inhibiting intermediates, thus accelerating substrate consumption. We tested this hypothesis using isogenic mutants of the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri that either completely consume nitrate to dinitrogen gas or cross-feed the intermediate nitrite. We demonstrate that nitrite cross-feeding eliminates inter-enzyme competition and, in turn, reduces nitrite accumulation. We further demonstrate that nitrite cross-feeding accelerates substrate consumption, but only when nitrite has growth-inhibiting effects. Knowledge about inter-enzyme competition and the inhibitory effects of intermediates could therefore be important for deciding how to best segregate different metabolic processes into different microbial cell types to optimize a desired biotransformation.
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Hassan J, Qu Z, Bergaust LL, Bakken LR. Transient Accumulation of NO2- and N2O during Denitrification Explained by Assuming Cell Diversification by Stochastic Transcription of Denitrification Genes. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004621. [PMID: 26731685 PMCID: PMC4701171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrifying bacteria accumulate NO2−, NO, and N2O, the amounts depending on transcriptional regulation of core denitrification genes in response to O2-limiting conditions. The genes include nar, nir, nor and nosZ, encoding NO3−-, NO2−-, NO- and N2O reductase, respectively. We previously constructed a dynamic model to simulate growth and respiration in batch cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans. The observed denitrification kinetics were adequately simulated by assuming a stochastic initiation of nir-transcription in each cell with an extremely low probability (0.5% h-1), leading to product- and substrate-induced transcription of nir and nor, respectively, via NO. Thus, the model predicted cell diversification: after O2 depletion, only a small fraction was able to grow by reducing NO2−. Here we have extended the model to simulate batch cultivation with NO3−, i.e., NO2−, NO, N2O, and N2 kinetics, measured in a novel experiment including frequent measurements of NO2−. Pa. denitrificans reduced practically all NO3− to NO2− before initiating gas production. The NO2− production is adequately simulated by assuming stochastic nar-transcription, as that for nirS, but with a higher probability (0.035 h-1) and initiating at a higher O2 concentration. Our model assumes that all cells express nosZ, thus predicting that a majority of cells have only N2O-reductase (A), while a minority (B) has NO2−-, NO- and N2O-reductase. Population B has a higher cell-specific respiration rate than A because the latter can only use N2O produced by B. Thus, the ratio BA is low immediately after O2 depletion, but increases throughout the anoxic phase because B grows faster than A. As a result, the model predicts initially low but gradually increasing N2O concentration throughout the anoxic phase, as observed. The modelled cell diversification neatly explains the observed denitrification kinetics and transient intermediate accumulations. The result has major implications for understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in denitrification research. Denitrifiers generally respire O2, but if O2 becomes limiting, they may switch to anaerobic respiration (denitrification) by producing NO3−-, NO2−-, NO- and/or N2O reductase, encoded by nar, nir, nor, and nosZ genes, respectively. Denitrification causes transient accumulation of NO2− and NO/N2O emissions, depending on the activity of the four reductases. Denitrifiers lacking nosZ produce ~100% N2O, whereas organisms with only nosZ are net consumers of N2O. Full-fledged denitrifiers are equipped with all four reductases, genetic regulation of which determines NO2− accumulation and NO/N2O emissions. Paracoccus denitrificans is a full-fledged denitrifying bacterium, and here we present a modelling approach to understand its gene regulation. We found that the observed transient accumulation of NO2− and N2O can be neatly explained by assuming cell diversification: all cells expressing nosZ, while a minority expressing nar and nir+nor. Thus, the model predicts that in a batch culture of this organism, only a minor sub-population is full-fledged denitrifier. The cell diversification is a plausible outcome of stochastic initiation of nar- and nir transcription, which then becomes autocatalytic by NO2−and NO, respectively. The findings are important for understanding the regulation of denitrification in bacteria: product-induced transcription of denitrification genes is common, and we surmise that diversification in response to anoxia is widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Hassan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhi Qu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Linda L. Bergaust
- Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lars R. Bakken
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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