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Arrigoni E, Rappo E, Papagno C, Romero Lauro LJ, Pisoni A. Neural Correlates of Semantic Interference and Phonological Facilitation in Picture Naming: A Systematic Review and Coordinate-Based Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09631-9. [PMID: 38319529 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Semantic interference (SI) and phonological facilitation (PF) effects occur when multiple representations are co-activated simultaneously in complex naming paradigms, manipulating the context in which word production is set. Although the behavioral consequences of these psycholinguistic effects are well-known, the involved brain structures are still controversial. This paper aims to provide a systematic review and a coordinate-based meta-analysis of the available functional neuroimaging studies investigating SI and PF in picture naming paradigms. The included studies were fMRI experiments on healthy subjects, employing paradigms in which co-activations of representations were obtained by manipulating the naming context using semantically or phonologically related items. We examined the principal methodological aspects of the included studies, emphasizing the existing commonalities and discrepancies across single investigations. We then performed an exploratory coordinate-based meta-analysis of the reported activation peaks of neural response related to SI and PF. Our results consolidated previous findings regarding the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus in SI and brought out the role of bilateral inferior parietal regions in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Arrigoni
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 29100, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rappo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Center (CeRiN), University of Trento, Via Matteo del Ben 5/b Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Leonor J Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, MI, Italy.
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Martin S, Frieling R, Saur D, Hartwigsen G. TMS over the pre-SMA enhances semantic cognition via remote network effects on task-based activity and connectivity. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1346-1357. [PMID: 37704032 PMCID: PMC10615837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous decline of executive abilities with age is mirrored by increased neural activity of domain-general networks during task processing. So far, it remains unclear how much domain-general networks contribute to domain-specific processes such as language when cognitive demands increase. The current neuroimaging study explored the potential of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over a domain-general hub to enhance executive and semantic processing in healthy middle-aged to older adults. METHODS We implemented a cross-over within-subject study design with three task-based neuroimaging sessions per participant. Using an individualized stimulation approach, each participant received once effective and once sham iTBS over the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), a region of domain-general control. Subsequently, task-specific stimulation effects were assessed in functional MRI using a semantic and a non-verbal executive task with varying cognitive demand. RESULTS Effective stimulation increased activity only during semantic processing in visual and dorsal attention networks. Further, iTBS induced increased seed-based connectivity in task-specific networks for semantic and executive conditions with high cognitive load but overall reduced whole-brain coupling between domain-general networks. Notably, stimulation-induced changes in activity and connectivity related differently to behavior: While stronger activity of the parietal dorsal attention network was linked to poorer semantic performance, its enhanced coupling with the pre-SMA was associated with more efficient semantic processing. CONCLUSIONS iTBS modulates networks in a task-dependent manner and generates effects at regions remote to the stimulation site. These neural changes are linked to more efficient semantic processing, which underlines the general potential of network stimulation approaches in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Regine Frieling
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorothee Saur
- Language & Aphasia Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
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Grégoire C, Majerus S. Resisting Visual, Phonological, and Semantic Interference - Same or Different Processes? A Focused Mini-Review. Psychol Belg 2023; 62:44-63. [PMID: 37064504 PMCID: PMC10103719 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unitary nature of resistance to interference (RI) processes remains a strongly debated question: are they central cognitive processes or are they specific to the stimulus domains on which they operate? This focused mini-review examines behavioral, neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence for and against domain-general RI processes, by distinguishing visual, verbal phonological and verbal semantic domains. Behavioral studies highlighted overall low associations between RI capacity across domains. Neuropsychological studies mainly report dissociations for RI abilities between the three domains. Neuroimaging studies highlight a left vs. right hemisphere distinction for verbal vs. visual RI, with furthermore distinct neural processes supporting phonological versus semantic RI in the left inferior frontal gyrus. While overall results appear to support the hypothesis of domain-specific RI processes, we discuss a number of methodological caveats that ask for caution in the interpretation of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Grégoire
- Psychology & Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Steve Majerus
- Psychology & Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
- Fund for Scientific Research FNRS, Belgium
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Reinvestigating the Neural Bases Involved in Speech Production of Stutterers: An ALE Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081030. [PMID: 36009093 PMCID: PMC9406059 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stuttering is characterized by dysfluency and difficulty in speech production. Previous research has found abnormalities in the neural function of various brain areas during speech production tasks. However, the cognitive neural mechanism of stuttering has still not been fully determined. Method: Activation likelihood estimation analysis was performed to provide neural imaging evidence on neural bases by reanalyzing published studies. Results: Our analysis revealed overactivation in the bilateral posterior superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, and deactivation in the anterior superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus among the stutterers. The overactivated regions might indicate a greater demand in feedforward planning in speech production, while the deactivated regions might indicate dysfunction in the auditory feedback system among stutterers. Conclusions: Our findings provide updated and direct evidence on the multi-level impairment (feedforward and feedback systems) of stutterers during speech production and show that the corresponding neural bases were differentiated.
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BONEs not CATs attract DOGs: Semantic context effects for picture naming in the lesioned language network. Neuroimage 2021; 246:118767. [PMID: 34856377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakdown of rapid and accurate retrieval of words is a hallmark of aphasic speech and a prime target of therapeutic intervention. Complementary, psycho- and neurolinguistic research have developed a spectrum of models, how and by which neuronal network uncompromised speakers can rely on remarkable lexical retrieval capacities. Motivated by both lines of research we invited 32 participants with a chronic left hemispheric brain lesion to name pictures in the presence of distractor words. This picture-word-interference (PWI) paradigm is widely used in psycho- and neurolinguistic research. We find that also after brain lesion categorically related words (CAT → [dog]picture) impede naming, while associatively related words (BONE → [dog]picture) ease access, when compared to unrelated distractor words. The effects largely affecting latencies in neurotypical populations, are reproduced for error rate in our participants with lesions in the language network. Unsurprisingly, overall naming abilities varied greatly across patients. Notably, however, the two effects (categorical interference / associative facilitation) differ between participants. Correlating performance with lesion patterns we find support for the notion of a divergence of brain areas affording different aspects of the task: (i) lesions in the left middle temporal gyurs (MTG) deteriorate overall naming, confirming previous work; more notably, (ii) lesions comprising the inferior frontal hub (inferior frontal gyrus, IFG) of the language-network increase the interference effect for the categorical condition; on the contrary, (iii) lesions to the mid-to-posterior temporal hub (posterior middle and superior temporal gyri, pMTG/ pSTG) increase the facilitatory effect for the associative condition on error rates. The findings can be accommodated in a neuro-linguistic framework, which localizes lexical activation but also lexical interference in posterior parts of the language network (pMTG/pITG); conversely, selection between co-activated categorically related entries is afforded by frontal language areas (IFG). While purely experimental in nature our study highlights that lesion site differentially influences specific aspects of word retrieval. Since confrontational naming is a cornerstone of aphasia rehabilitation, this may be of note when designing and evaluating novel therapeutic regimes.
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Adam LC, Repantis D, Konrad BN, Dresler M, Kühn S. Memory enhancement with stimulants: Differential neural effects of methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine. A pilot study. Brain Cogn 2021; 154:105802. [PMID: 34592684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human memory is susceptible to manipulation in many respects. While consolidation is well known to be prone to disruption, there is also growing evidence for the enhancement of memory function. Beside cognitive strategies and mnemonic training, the use of stimulants may improve memory processing in healthy adults. In this single-dose, double-blind, within-subject, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study, 20 mg methylphenidate (N = 13) or 200 mg modafinil (N = 12) or 200 mg caffeine (N = 14) were administrated to in total 39 healthy participants while performing a declarative memory task. Each participant received only one substance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess drug-dependent memory effects of the substance for encoding and recognition compared to task-related activation under placebo. While methylphenidate showed some behavioral effect regarding memory recall performance, on the neural level, methylphenidate-dependent deactivations were found in fronto-parietal and temporal regions during recognition of previously learned words. No BOLD alterations were seen during encoding. Caffeine led to deactivations in the precentral gyrus during encoding whereas modafinil did not show any BOLD signal alterations at all. These results should be interpreted with caution since this a pilot study with several limitations, most importantly the small number of participants per group. However, our main finding of task-related deactivations may point to a drug-dependent increase of efficiency in physiological response to memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Adam
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Boris N Konrad
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
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Runnqvist E, Chanoine V, Strijkers K, Pattamadilok C, Bonnard M, Nazarian B, Sein J, Anton JL, Dorokhova L, Belin P, Alario FX. Cerebellar and Cortical Correlates of Internal and External Speech Error Monitoring. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab038. [PMID: 34296182 PMCID: PMC8237718 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined how speakers inspect their own speech for errors. Concretely, we sought to assess 1) the role of the temporal cortex in monitoring speech errors, linked with comprehension-based monitoring; 2) the involvement of the cerebellum in internal and external monitoring, linked with forward modeling; and 3) the role of the medial frontal cortex for internal monitoring, linked with conflict-based monitoring. In a word production task priming speech errors, we observed enhanced involvement of the right posterior cerebellum for trials that were correct, but on which participants were more likely to make a word as compared with a nonword error (contrast of internal monitoring). Furthermore, comparing errors to correct utterances (contrast of external monitoring), we observed increased activation of the same cerebellar region, of the superior medial cerebellum, and of regions in temporal and medial frontal cortex. The presence of the cerebellum for both internal and external monitoring indicates the use of forward modeling across the planning and articulation of speech. Dissociations across internal and external monitoring in temporal and medial frontal cortex indicate that monitoring of overt errors is more reliant on vocal feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Runnqvist
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France
| | - Valérie Chanoine
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France
- Institute of Language, Communication and the Brain, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Nazarian
- Centre IRM, Marseille 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Sein
- Centre IRM, Marseille 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Anton
- Centre IRM, Marseille 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lydia Dorokhova
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPL, Aix-en-Provence 13100, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT 13005, Marseille, France
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Piai V, Nieberlein L, Hartwigsen G. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left posterior superior temporal gyrus on picture-word interference. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242941. [PMID: 33253319 PMCID: PMC7703954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Word-production theories argue that during language production, a concept activates multiple lexical candidates in left temporal cortex, and the intended word is selected from this set. Evidence for theories on spoken-word production comes, for example, from the picture-word interference task, where participants name pictures superimposed by congruent (e.g., picture: rabbit, distractor "rabbit"), categorically related (e.g., distractor "sheep"), or unrelated (e.g., distractor "fork") words. Typically, whereas congruent distractors facilitate naming, related distractors slow down picture naming relative to unrelated distractors, resulting in semantic interference. However, the neural correlates of semantic interference are debated. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that the left mid-to-posterior STG (pSTG) is involved in the interference associated with semantically related distractors. To probe the functional relevance of this area, we targeted the left pSTG with focal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) while subjects performed a picture-word interference task. Unexpectedly, pSTG stimulation did not affect the semantic interference effect but selectively increased the congruency effect (i.e., faster naming with congruent distractors). The facilitatory TMS effect selectively occurred in the more difficult list with an overall lower name agreement. Our study adds new evidence to the causal role of the left pSTG in the interaction between picture and distractor representations or processing streams, only partly supporting previous neuroimaging studies. Moreover, the observed unexpected condition-specific facilitatory rTMS effect argues for an interaction of the task- or stimulus-induced brain state with the modulatory TMS effect. These issues should be systematically addressed in future rTMS studies on language production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Piai
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Nieberlein
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Jacob MS, Ford JM, Roach BJ, Calhoun VD, Mathalon DH. Aberrant activity in conceptual networks underlies N400 deficits and unusual thoughts in schizophrenia. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101960. [PMID: 31398555 PMCID: PMC6699247 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N400 event-related potential (ERP) is triggered by meaningful stimuli that are incongruous, or unmatched, with their semantic context. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified brain regions activated by semantic incongruity, but their precise links to the N400 ERP are unclear. In schizophrenia (SZ), N400 amplitude reduction is thought to reflect overly broad associations in semantic networks, but the abnormalities in brain networks underlying deficient N400 remain unknown. We utilized joint independent component analysis (JICA) to link temporal patterns in ERPs to neuroanatomical patterns from fMRI and investigate relationships between N400 amplitude and neuroanatomical activation in SZ patients and healthy controls (HC). METHODS SZ patients (n = 24) and HC participants (n = 25) performed a picture-word matching task, in which words were either matched (APPLE→apple) by preceding pictures, or were unmatched by semantically related (in-category; IC, APPLE→lemon) or unrelated (out of category; OC, APPLE→cow) pictures, in separate ERP and fMRI sessions. A JICA "data fusion" analysis was conducted to identify the fMRI brain regions specifically associated with the ERP N400 component. SZ and HC loading weights were compared and correlations with clinical symptoms were assessed. RESULTS JICA identified an ERP-fMRI "fused" component that captured the N400, with loading weights that were reduced in SZ. The JICA map for the IC condition showed peaks of activation in the cingulate, precuneus, bilateral temporal poles and cerebellum, whereas the JICA map from the OC condition was linked primarily to visual cortical activation and the left temporal pole. Among SZ patients, fMRI activity from the IC condition was inversely correlated with unusual thought content. CONCLUSIONS The neural networks associated with the N400 ERP response to semantic violations depends on conceptual relatedness. These findings are consistent with a distributed network underlying neural responses to semantic incongruity including unimodal visual areas as well as integrative, transmodal areas. Unusual thoughts in SZ may reflect impaired processing in transmodal hub regions such as the precuneus, leading to overly broad semantic associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Jacob
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; The University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States.
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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Sakreida K, Blume-Schnitzler J, Heim S, Willmes K, Clusmann H, Neuloh G. Phonological picture–word interference in language mapping with transcranial magnetic stimulation: an objective approach for functional parcellation of Broca’s region. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2027-2044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhou Z, Whitney C, Strother L. Embedded word priming elicits enhanced fMRI responses in the visual word form area. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208318. [PMID: 30629612 PMCID: PMC6328158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lexical embedding is common in all languages and elicits mutual orthographic interference between an embedded word and its carrier. The neural basis of such interference remains unknown. We employed a novel fMRI prime-target embedded word paradigm to test for involvement of a visual word form area (VWFA) in left ventral occipitotemporal cortex in co-activation of embedded words and their carriers. Based on the results of related fMRI studies we predicted either enhancement or suppression of fMRI responses to embedded words initially viewed as primes, and repeated in the context of target carrier words. Our results clearly showed enhancement of fMRI responses in the VWFA to embedded-carrier word pairs as compared to unrelated prime-target pairs. In contrast to non-visual language-related areas (e.g., left inferior frontal gyrus), enhanced fMRI responses did not occur in the VWFA when embedded-carrier word pairs were restricted to the left visual hemifield. Our finding of fMRI enhancement in the VWFA is novel evidence of its involvement in representational rivalry between orthographically similar words, and the co-activation of embedded words and their carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - Carol Whitney
- Independent Researcher, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Lars Strother
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States of America
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The involvement of left inferior frontal and middle temporal cortices in word production unveiled by greater facilitation effects following brain damage. Neuropsychologia 2018; 121:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rizio AA, Moyer KJ, Diaz MT. Neural evidence for phonologically based language production deficits in older adults: An fMRI investigation of age-related differences in picture-word interference. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00660. [PMID: 28413708 PMCID: PMC5390840 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults often show declines in phonological aspects of language production, particularly for low-frequency words, but maintain strong semantic systems. However, there are different theories about the mechanism that may underlie such age-related differences in language (e.g., age-related declines in transmission of activation or inhibition). METHODS This study used fMRI to investigate whether age-related differences in language production are associated with transmission deficits or inhibition deficits. We used the picture-word interference paradigm to examine age-related differences in picture naming as a function of both target frequency and the relationship between the target picture and distractor word. RESULTS We found that the presence of a categorically related distractor led to greater semantic elaboration by older adults compared to younger adults, as evidenced by older adults' increased recruitment of regions including the left middle frontal gyrus and bilateral precuneus. When presented with a phonologically related distractor, patterns of neural activation are consistent with previously observed age deficits in phonological processing, including age-related reductions in the recruitment of regions such as the left middle temporal gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus. Lastly, older, but not younger, adults show increased brain activation of the pre- and postcentral gyri as a function of decreasing target frequency when target pictures are paired with a phonological distractor, suggesting that cuing the phonology of the target disproportionately aids production of low-frequency items. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this pattern of results is generally consistent with the transmission deficit hypothesis, illustrating that links within the phonological system, but not the semantic system, are weakened with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery A Rizio
- Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Karlee J Moyer
- Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Michele T Diaz
- Department of Psychology The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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Abel S, Weiller C, Huber W, Willmes K, Specht K. Therapy-induced brain reorganization patterns in aphasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:1097-112. [PMID: 25688082 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Both hemispheres are engaged in recovery from word production deficits in aphasia. Lexical therapy has been shown to induce brain reorganization even in patients with chronic aphasia. However, the interplay of factors influencing reorganization patterns still remains unresolved. We were especially interested in the relation between lesion site, therapy-induced recovery, and beneficial reorganization patterns. Thus, we applied intensive lexical therapy, which was evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging, to 14 chronic patients with aphasic word retrieval deficits. In a group study, we aimed to illuminate brain reorganization of the naming network in comparison with healthy controls. Moreover, we intended to analyse the data with joint independent component analysis to relate lesion sites to therapy-induced brain reorganization, and to correlate resulting components with therapy gain. As a result, we found peri-lesional and contralateral activations basically overlapping with premorbid naming networks observed in healthy subjects. Reduced activation patterns for patients compared to controls before training comprised damaged left hemisphere language areas, right precentral and superior temporal gyrus, as well as left caudate and anterior cingulate cortex. There were decreasing activations of bilateral visuo-cognitive, articulatory, attention, and language areas due to therapy, with stronger decreases for patients in right middle temporal gyrus/superior temporal sulcus, bilateral precuneus as well as left anterior cingulate cortex and caudate. The joint independent component analysis revealed three components indexing lesion subtypes that were associated with patient-specific recovery patterns. Activation decreases (i) of an extended frontal lesion disconnecting language pathways occurred in left inferior frontal gyrus; (ii) of a small frontal lesion were found in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus; and (iii) of a large temporo-parietal lesion occurred in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and contralateral superior temporal gyrus. All components revealed increases in prefrontal areas. One component was negatively correlated with therapy gain. Therapy was associated exclusively with activation decreases, which could mainly be attributed to higher processing efficiency within the naming network. In our joint independent component analysis, all three lesion patterns disclosed involved deactivation of left inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, we found evidence for increased demands on control processes. As expected, we saw partly differential reorganization profiles depending on lesion patterns. There was no compensatory deactivation for the large left inferior frontal lesion, with its less advantageous outcome probably being related to its disconnection from crucial language processing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Abel
- 1 Department of Neurology, Section Neuropsychology, RWTH Aachen, Germany 2 School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK 3 SRH University of Applied Sciences, Gera, Germany 4 JARA-BRAIN, Aachen Juelich Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- 5 Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Germany
| | - Walter Huber
- 4 JARA-BRAIN, Aachen Juelich Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany
| | - Klaus Willmes
- 1 Department of Neurology, Section Neuropsychology, RWTH Aachen, Germany 4 JARA-BRAIN, Aachen Juelich Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Germany 6 Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Karsten Specht
- 7 Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, and Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Norway
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Oh A, Duerden EG, Pang EW. The role of the insula in speech and language processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 135:96-103. [PMID: 25016092 PMCID: PMC4885738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lesion and neuroimaging studies indicate that the insula mediates motor aspects of speech production, specifically, articulatory control. Although it has direct connections to Broca's area, the canonical speech production region, the insula is also broadly connected with other speech and language centres, and may play a role in coordinating higher-order cognitive aspects of speech and language production. The extent of the insula's involvement in speech and language processing was assessed using the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method. Meta-analyses of 42 fMRI studies with healthy adults were performed, comparing insula activation during performance of language (expressive and receptive) and speech (production and perception) tasks. Both tasks activated bilateral anterior insulae. However, speech perception tasks preferentially activated the left dorsal mid-insula, whereas expressive language tasks activated left ventral mid-insula. Results suggest distinct regions of the mid-insula play different roles in speech and language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oh
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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16
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Diaz MT, Hogstrom LJ, Zhuang J, Voyvodic JT, Johnson MA, Camblin CC. Written distractor words influence brain activity during overt picture naming. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24715859 PMCID: PMC3970014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Language production requires multiple stages of processing (e.g., semantic retrieval, lexical selection), each of which may involve distinct brain regions. Distractor words can be combined with picture naming to examine factors that influence language production. Phonologically-related distractors have been found to speed picture naming (facilitation), while slower response times and decreased accuracy (interference) generally occur when a distractor is categorically related to the target image. However, other types of semantically-related distractors have been reported to produce a facilitative effect (e.g., associative, part-whole). The different pattern of results for different types of semantically-related distractors raises the question about how the nature of the semantic relation influences the effect of the distractor. To explore the nature of these semantic effects further, we used functional MRI to examine the influence of four types of written distractors on brain activation during overt picture naming. Distractors began with the same sound, were categorically-related, part of the object to be named, or were unrelated to the picture. Phonologically-related trials elicited greater activation than both semantic conditions (categorically-related and part-whole) in left insula and bilateral parietal cortex, regions that have been attributed to phonological aspects of production and encoding, respectively. Semantic conditions elicited greater activation than phonological trials in left posterior MTG, a region that has been linked to concept retrieval and semantic integration. Overall, the two semantic conditions did not differ substantially in their functional activation which suggests a similarity in the semantic demands and lexical competition across these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T Diaz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Larson J Hogstrom
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - James T Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Micah A Johnson
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Christine Camblin
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
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Muehlhaus J, Heim S, Altenbach F, Chatterjee A, Habel U, Sass K. Deeper insights into semantic relations: an fMRI study of part-whole and functional associations. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 129:30-42. [PMID: 24534814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience research on semantics recognizes a distinction between categorical and associated relations. However, associations can be divided further, such as into part-whole and functional relations. We investigated the neural basis of both relations using a picture-word interference task in an fMRI study. While the left supramarginal gyrus and the right inferior temporal sulcus were activated by part-whole over functional relations, the same applies to the right parahippocampal complex contrasting the functional over part-whole relations. The small effect sizes of our analyses have to be interpreted with caution. While the parahippocampal complex might reflect global scene processing across objects, the inferior temporal sulcus might be involved in the perceptual encoding of object related knowledge and the supramarginal gyrus might represent a convergence zone which implements within object related perceptual features. The current study gives a first indication that the neural bases for part-whole and functional relations seem to be distinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Muehlhaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich - Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Heim
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich - Aachen, Germany; Section Neurological Cognition Research, Department of Neurology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Altenbach
- Institute for Theoretical Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich - Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Sass
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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