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Antypa D, Simos NJ, Panou T, Spyridaki E, Kagialis A, Kosteletou E, Kavroulakis E, Mastorodemos V, Papadaki E. Distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity features of fatigue in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis: accounting for the confounding effect of concurrent depression symptoms. Neuroradiology 2023:10.1007/s00234-023-03174-1. [PMID: 37301785 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify common and distinct hemodynamic and functional connectivity (FC) features for self-rated fatigue and depression symptoms in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). METHODS Twenty-four CIS, 29 RR-MS patients, and 39 healthy volunteers were examined using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) to obtain whole-brain maps of (i) hemodynamic response patterns (through time shift analysis), (ii) FC (via intrinsic connectivity contrast maps), and (iii) coupling between hemodynamic response patterns and FC. Each regional map was correlated with fatigue scores, controlling for depression, and with depression scores, controlling for fatigue. RESULTS In CIS patients, the severity of fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula, hyperconnectivity of the superior frontal gyrus, and evidence of reduced hemodynamics-FC coupling in the left amygdala. In contrast, depression severity was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the right limbic temporal pole, hypoconnectivity of the anterior cingulate gyrus, and increased hemodynamics-FC coupling in the left amygdala. In RR-MS patients, fatigue was associated with accelerated hemodynamic response in the insula and medial superior frontal cortex, increased functional role of the left amygdala, and hypoconnectivity of the dorsal orbitofrontal cortex, while depression symptom severity was linked to delayed hemodynamic response in the medial superior frontal gyrus; hypoconnectivity of the insula, ventromedial thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate; and decreased hemodynamics-FC coupling of the medial orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSION There are distinct FC and hemodynamic responses, as well as different magnitude and topography of hemodynamic connectivity coupling, associated with fatigue and depression in early and later stages of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Antypa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nicholas John Simos
- Computational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodora Panou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Spyridaki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonios Kagialis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouela Kosteletou
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kavroulakis
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileios Mastorodemos
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Efrosini Papadaki
- Computational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Belliart-Guérin G, Planche V. Mnemonic Discrimination Performance in a Memory Clinic: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1527-1534. [PMID: 37458033 PMCID: PMC10473128 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mnemonic discrimination is the behavioral ability stemming from pattern separation, which is the neural process of establishing independent and non-overlapping new memories. Over the past two decades, its assessment in various populations has contributed to a better conceptual understanding of age-related memory decline. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical relevance of mnemonic discrimination in the memory clinics setting. METHODS This retrospective study was performed in 90 patients with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)>18 who consulted our memory clinic for the first time. All patients were tested with the Mnemonic Similarity Task, a freely available computerized test. Global cognitive function, executive function, visuoconstructional abilities, and verbal and visual episodic memory were also collected, together with the diagnosis after the initial clinical assessment (subjective cognitive complaint [SCC], mild cognitive impairment [MCI], or mild dementia). RESULTS Mnemonic discrimination performance was correlated with global cognitive function, executive function, and visual and verbal episodic memory scores, independent of age. It discriminated patients with SCC from those with MCI (amnestic or non-amnestic) with moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.77-0.78), similar to MMSE and the Frontal Assessment Battery (AUC = 0.74-0.84). Mnemonic discrimination performance did not distinguish between amnestic and non-amnestic MCI and the variability of the measure was important within groups. CONCLUSION Mnemonic discrimination performance involves many cognitive domains and discriminates between patients with SCC and MCI with performance equivalent to "paper-and-pencil" screening tests. Further dedicated prospective studies will determine whether this task is of interest beyond research purposes, as a diagnostic or screening tool in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Belliart-Guérin
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
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3
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Lalani SJ, Reyes A, Kaestner E, Stark SM, Stark CEL, Lee D, Kansal L, Shih JJ, Smith CN, Paul BM, McDonald CR. Impaired Behavioral Pattern Separation in Refractory Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:550-562. [PMID: 34078506 PMCID: PMC8965747 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Episodic memory impairment and hippocampal pathology are hallmark features of both temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Pattern separation (PS), which enables the distinction between similar but unique experiences, is thought to contribute to successful encoding and retrieval of episodic memories. Impaired PS has been proposed as a potential mechanism underling episodic memory impairment in aMCI, but this association is less established in TLE. In this study, we examined behavioral PS in patients with TLE and explored whether profiles of performance in TLE are similar to aMCI. METHOD Patients with TLE, aMCI, and age-matched, healthy controls (HCs) completed a modified recognition task that relies on PS for the discrimination of highly similar lure items, the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Group differences were evaluated and relationships between clinical characteristics, California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition scores, and MST performance were tested in the TLE group. RESULTS Patients with TLE and aMCI demonstrated poorer PS performance relative to the HCs, but performance did not differ between the two patient groups. Neither the side of seizure focus nor having hippocampal sclerosis affected performance in TLE. However, TLE patients with clinically defined memory impairment showed the poorest performance. CONCLUSION Memory performance on a task that relies on PS was disrupted to a similar extent in TLE and aMCI. The MST could provide a clinically useful tool for measuring hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in TLE and other neurological disorders associated with hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam J Lalani
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anny Reyes
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik Kaestner
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leena Kansal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerry J Shih
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine N Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brianna M Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Borragán G, Benoit CE, Schul N, Strauss M, De Schepper M, Roekens V, Peigneux P. Impaired sequential but preserved motor memory consolidation in multiple sclerosis disease. Neuroscience 2022; 487:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bourel J, Planche V, Dubourdieu N, Oliveira A, Séré A, Ducourneau EG, Tible M, Maitre M, Lesté-Lasserre T, Nadjar A, Desmedt A, Ciofi P, Oliet SH, Panatier A, Tourdias T. Complement C3 mediates early hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory impairment in experimental multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 160:105533. [PMID: 34673149 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory impairment is one of the disabling manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) possibly present from the early stages of the disease and for which there is no specific treatment. Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and dendritic loss, associated with microglial activation, can underlie memory deficits, yet the molecular mechanisms driving such hippocampal neurodegeneration need to be elucidated. In early-stage experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) female mice, we assessed the expression level of molecules involved in microglia-neuron interactions within the dentate gyrus and found overexpression of genes of the complement pathway. Compared to sham immunized mice, the central element of the complement cascade, C3, showed the strongest and 10-fold upregulation, while there was no increase of downstream factors such as the terminal component C5. The combination of in situ hybridization with immunofluorescence showed that C3 transcripts were essentially produced by activated microglia. Pharmacological inhibition of C3 activity, by daily administration of rosmarinic acid, was sufficient to prevent early dendritic loss, microglia-mediated phagocytosis of synapses in the dentate gyrus, and memory impairment in EAE mice, while morphological markers of microglial activation were still observed. In line, when EAE was induced in C3 deficient mice (C3KO), dendrites and spines of the dentate gyrus as well as memory abilities were preserved. Altogether, these data highlight the central role of microglial C3 in early hippocampal neurodegeneration and memory impairment in EAE and, therefore, pave the way toward new neuroprotective strategies in MS to prevent cognitive deficit using complement inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bourel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Dubourdieu
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aymeric Oliveira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Séré
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marion Tible
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marlène Maitre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Agnes Nadjar
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aline Desmedt
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane H Oliet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Panatier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-3300 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Neuroimagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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6
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Forte N, Boccella S, Tunisi L, Fernández-Rilo AC, Imperatore R, Iannotti FA, De Risi M, Iannotta M, Piscitelli F, Capasso R, De Girolamo P, De Leonibus E, Maione S, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Orexin-A and endocannabinoids are involved in obesity-associated alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis, plasticity, and episodic memory in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6137. [PMID: 34675233 PMCID: PMC8531398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain stores and distinguishes among episodic memories, i.e. memories formed during the personal experience, through a mechanism of pattern separation computed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Decision-making for food-related behaviors, such as the choice and intake of food, might be affected in obese subjects by alterations in the retrieval of episodic memories. Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus regulates the pattern separation. Several molecular factors affect adult neurogenesis and exert a critical role in the development and plasticity of newborn neurons. Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and downstream endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol signaling are altered in obese mice. Here, we show that excessive orexin-A/2-arachidonoylglycerol/cannabinoid receptor type-1 signaling leads to the dysfunction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the subsequent inhibition of plasticity and impairment of pattern separation. By inhibiting orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors we rescued both plasticity and pattern separation impairment in obese mice, thus providing a molecular and functional mechanism to explain alterations in episodic memory in obesity. The authors show that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered in the dentate gyrus of obese mice with subsequent inhibition of long-term potentiation and impairment of pattern separation. Inhibition of orexin-A action at orexin-1 receptors rescued both impairments in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Forte
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lea Tunisi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Paolo De Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.,I.R.C.S.S., Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy. .,Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada. .,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, 61V0AG, Canada.
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
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Bencze D, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M. Learning to distinguish: shared perceptual features and discrimination practice tune behavioural pattern separation. Memory 2021; 29:605-621. [PMID: 33998372 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1924788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pattern separation is a computational mechanism performed by the hippocampus allowing the reduction of overlap between sensory inputs with similar perceptual features. Our first aim was to develop a new paradigm sensitive to the behavioural consequences of pattern separation (mnemonic discrimination). For this purpose, we constructed morphed face stimuli with parametrically changing levels of similarity. After encoding participants saw studied items and similar lure faces. Perceptual similarity affected false recognition and there was a gradual reduction in discrimination accuracy with the increment of similarity between the stimuli. However, confidence ratings were sensitive to smaller changes (Experiment 1) than the other test type with "old"/"similar"/"new" response options (Experiment 2). Mnemonic discrimination relies strongly on retrieving details of the original stimulus. Therefore, we investigated whether pattern separation can be tuned by retrieval in the form of a discrimination task (Experiment 3). Our findings suggest that repeatedly encountering the stimuli within a two-alternative forced-choice task (in comparison with the repeated presentation of the material) increased both the correct identification and the false recognition of similar stimuli two days after encoding. We conclude that basic computational mechanisms of the hippocampus can be tuned by a task that requires discrimination between studied and new stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Bencze
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Gromisch ES, Dhari Z. Identifying Early Neuropsychological Indicators of Cognitive Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:323-337. [PMID: 33574669 PMCID: PMC7872925 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s256689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system that is most commonly seen in early to middle adulthood, although it can be diagnosed during childhood or later in life. While cognitive impairment can become more prevalent and severe as the disease progresses, signs of cognitive involvement can be apparent in the early stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the prevalence and types of cognitive impairment seen in early MS, including the specific measures used to identify them, as well as the challenges in characterizing their frequency and progression. In addition to examining the progression of early cognitive involvement over time, we explore the clinical factors associated with early cognitive involvement, including demographics, level of physical disability, disease modifying therapy use, vocational status, and psychological and physical symptoms. Given the prevalence and functional impact these impairments can have for persons with MS, considerations for clinicians are provided, such as the role of early cognitive screenings and the importance of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Gromisch
- Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health Of New England, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zaenab Dhari
- Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health Of New England, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
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Pajkossy P, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M. Pupil size changes signal hippocampus-related memory functions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16393. [PMID: 33009460 PMCID: PMC7532445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A major task of episodic memory is to create unique, distinguishable representations of highly overlapping perceptual inputs. Several studies on this basic function have shown that it is based on the intact functioning of certain subregions of the hippocampus and is among the most sensitive behavioral indicators of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Here we assessed pupil dilation associated with performance in a widely used recognition paradigm that aims to uncover the intactness of fine-graded mnemonic discrimination. A sample of healthy undergraduate students was used. First, we showed that the correct discrimination between highly similar lure items and target items elicit larger pupil response than correct target identification. Second, we found that mnemonic discrimination is associated with larger pupil response in general as compared to target identification, regardless of whether the response was correct or not. These results suggest the pupil changes differentiate mnemonic discrimination and memory identification processes in recognition performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pajkossy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József u. 1, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József u. 1, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József u. 1, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
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Karavasilis E, Christidi F, Velonakis G, Tzanetakos D, Zalonis I, Potagas C, Andreadou E, Efstathopoulos E, Kilidireas C, Kelekis N, Evdokimidis I. Hippocampal structural and functional integrity in multiple sclerosis patients with or without memory impairment: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 13:1049-1059. [PMID: 29971687 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing evidence for a pure amnestic-like profile in multiple sclerosis (MS) introduces the role of hippocampal formation in MS episodic memory function. The aim of the present study was to investigate structural and functional hippocampal changes in mildly-disabled MS patients with and without memory impairment. Thirty-one MS patients with or without memory impairment and 16 healthy controls (HC) underwent MRI in a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Patients were categorized as memory preserved (MP) and memory impaired (MI) based on verbal and visual memory scores extracted from the Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery. The acquisition protocol included high-resolution 3D-T1-weighted, diffusion weighted imaging and echo-planar imaging sequences for the analysis of hippocampal gray matter (GM) density, perforant pathway area (PPA) tractography, and hippocampal functional connectivity (FC), respectively. Compared to HC, we found decreased left and bilateral hippocampal GM density in MP and MI patients, respectively, decreased fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity on left PPA in MI patients, and reduced FC in MI between left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus, precuneus/posterior cingulated cortex and lateral occipital gyrus/angular gyrus. The only differences between MP and MI were found in FC. Specifically, MP patients showed FC changes between left hippocampus and right temporo-occipital fusiform/lingual gyrus (increased FC) as well as supramarginal gyrus (decreased FC). In conclusion, we highlight the early detection of structural hippocampal changes in MS without neuropsychologically-detected memory deficits and decreased hippocampal FC in MS patients with impaired memory performance, when both GM density and PPA integrity are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Karavasilis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 19 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Foteini Christidi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 19 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzanetakos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zalonis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin Potagas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Andreadou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 19 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kelekis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 19 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Evdokimidis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Stark SM, Kirwan CB, Stark CEL. Mnemonic Similarity Task: A Tool for Assessing Hippocampal Integrity. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:938-951. [PMID: 31597601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, relying in part on pattern separation processes supported by the dentate gyrus (DG) to prevent interference from overlapping memory representations. In 2007, we designed the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), a modified object recognition memory task, to be highly sensitive to hippocampal function by placing strong demands on pattern separation. The MST is now a widely used behavioral task, repeatedly shown to be sensitive to age-related memory decline, hippocampal connectivity, and hippocampal function, with specificity to the DG. Here, we review the utility of the MST, its relationship to hippocampal function, its utility in detecting hippocampal-based memory alterations across the lifespan, and impairments associated with clinical pathology from a variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Brock Kirwan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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12
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Pilot investigation of the relationship between hippocampal volume and pattern separation deficits in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 26:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Rocca MA, Barkhof F, De Luca J, Frisén J, Geurts JJG, Hulst HE, Sastre-Garriga J, Filippi M. The hippocampus in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:918-926. [PMID: 30264730 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some of the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis, such as memory impairment and depression, are, at least partly, related to involvement of the hippocampus. Pathological studies have shown extensive demyelination, neuronal damage, and synaptic abnormalities in the hippocampus of patients with multiple sclerosis, and improvements in MRI technology have provided novel ways to assess hippocampal involvement in vivo. It is now accepted that clinical manifestations related to the hippocampus are due not only to focal hippocampal damage, but also to disconnection of the hippocampus from several brain networks. Evidence suggests anatomical and functional subspecialisation of the different hippocampal subfields, resulting in variability between regions in the extent to which damage and repair occur. The hippocampus also has important roles in plasticity and neurogenesis, both of which potentially contribute to functional preservation and restoration. These findings underline the importance of evaluation of the hippocampus not only to improve understanding of the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis, but also as a potential future target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Rocca
- Neuroimaging Research Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Neurology and Institute of Healthcare Engineering, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John De Luca
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Jeroen J G Geurts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Hulst
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- Department of Neurology/Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit and Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Graf R, Longo JL, Hughes ZA. The location discrimination reversal task in mice is sensitive to deficits in performance caused by aging, pharmacological and other challenges. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1027-1036. [PMID: 29897000 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118779383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in hippocampal-mediated pattern separation are one aspect of cognitive function affected in schizophrenia (SZ) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). To develop novel therapies, it is beneficial to explore this specific aspect of cognition preclinically. The location discrimination reversal (LDR) task is a hippocampal-dependent operant paradigm that evaluates spatial learning and cognitive flexibility using touchscreens. Here we assessed baseline performance as well as multimodal disease-relevant manipulations in mice. Mice were trained to discriminate between the locations of two images where the degree of separation impacted performance. Administration of putative pro-cognitive agents was unable to improve performance at narrow separation. Furthermore, a range of disease-relevant manipulations were characterized to assess whether performance could be impaired and restored. Pertinent to the cholinergic loss in AD, scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg) produced a disruption in LDR, which was attenuated by donepezil (1 mg/kg). Consistent with NMDA hypofunction in cognitive impairment associated with SZ, MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) also disrupted performance; however, this deficit was not modified by rolipram. Microdeletion of genes associated with SZ (22q11) resulted in impaired performance, which was restored by rolipram (0.032 mg/kg). Since aging and inflammation affect cognition and are risk factors for AD, these aspects were also evaluated. Aged mice were slower to acquire the task than young mice and did not reach the same level of performance. A systemic inflammatory challenge (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1 mg/kg) produced prolonged (7 days) deficits in the LDR task. These data suggest that LDR task is a valuable platform for evaluating disease-relevant deficits in pattern separation and offers potential for identifying novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Graf
- Pfizer Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jami L Longo
- Pfizer Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoë A Hughes
- Pfizer Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Planche V, Koubiyr I, Romero JE, Manjon JV, Coupé P, Deloire M, Dousset V, Brochet B, Ruet A, Tourdias T. Regional hippocampal vulnerability in early multiple sclerosis: Dynamic pathological spreading from dentate gyrus to CA1. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1814-1824. [PMID: 29331060 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether hippocampal subfields are differentially vulnerable at the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and how this impacts memory performance is a current topic of debate. METHOD We prospectively included 56 persons with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS in a 1-year longitudinal study, together with 55 matched healthy controls at baseline. Participants were tested for memory performance and scanned with 3 T MRI to assess the volume of 5 distinct hippocampal subfields using automatic segmentation techniques. RESULTS At baseline, CA4/dentate gyrus was the only hippocampal subfield with a volume significantly smaller than controls (p < .01). After one year, CA4/dentate gyrus atrophy worsened (-6.4%, p < .0001) and significant CA1 atrophy appeared (both in the stratum-pyramidale and the stratum radiatum-lacunosum-moleculare, -5.6%, p < .001 and -6.2%, p < .01, respectively). CA4/dentate gyrus volume at baseline predicted CA1 volume one year after CIS (R2 = 0.44 to 0.47, p < .001, with age, T2 lesion-load, and global brain atrophy as covariates). The volume of CA4/dentate gyrus at baseline was associated with MS diagnosis during follow-up, independently of T2-lesion load and demographic variables (p < .05). Whereas CA4/dentate gyrus volume was not correlated with memory scores at baseline, CA1 atrophy was an independent correlate of episodic verbal memory performance one year after CIS (ß = 0.87, p < .05). CONCLUSION The hippocampal degenerative process spread from dentate gyrus to CA1 at the earliest stage of MS. This dynamic vulnerability is associated with MS diagnosis after CIS and will ultimately impact hippocampal-dependent memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Ismail Koubiyr
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - José E Romero
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, España
| | - José V Manjon
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, España
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, UMR CNRS 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33405, France
| | | | - Vincent Dousset
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Bruno Brochet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Aurélie Ruet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,Inserm U1215 - Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
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16
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Planche V, Ruet A, Charré‐Morin J, Deloire M, Brochet B, Tourdias T. Pattern separation performance is decreased in patients with early multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00739. [PMID: 28828205 PMCID: PMC5561305 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal-dependent memory impairment is frequent and occurs early during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). While mechanisms responsible for episodic memory dysfunction in patients with MS remain largely unknown, dentate gyrus structure has been suggested as particularly vulnerable at the early stage of the disease. If true, we hypothesized that the pattern separation component of episodic memory (a function known to be critically dependent to dentate gyrus function) would be impaired in patients with early MS (PweMS). METHODS Thirty eight participants (19 PweMS and 19 healthy controls matched on age, gender and education level) were tested with a behavioral pattern separation task and also for information processing speed and visuospatial episodic memory. RESULTS We report a significant decrease in pattern separation performance in PweMS compared to healthy controls (27.07 vs. 40.01, p = .030 after Holm-Bonferroni correction, d = 1.02) together with a significantly higher pattern completion rate (56.11 vs. 40.95, p = .004 after Holm-Bonferroni correction, d = 1.07) while no difference was found among groups for information processing speed and "global" visuospatial episodic memory regarding learning, long-term recall or recognition. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that behavioral pattern separation task can detect subtle memory decline in patients with MS and argue for early dentate gyrus dysfunction during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Planche
- University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Neurocentre MagendieInserm U1215BordeauxFrance
- CHU de Clermont‐FerrandClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Aurélie Ruet
- University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Neurocentre MagendieInserm U1215BordeauxFrance
- CHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | | | | | - Bruno Brochet
- University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Neurocentre MagendieInserm U1215BordeauxFrance
- CHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Thomas Tourdias
- University of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Neurocentre MagendieInserm U1215BordeauxFrance
- CHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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