1
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Davies BP, Crew RC, Cochrane ALK, Davies K, Figueiredo Baptista A, Jeckel S, McCrone IS, Niu Y, Strugnell BW, Waine K, Fowden AL, Bryant CE, Wills JW, Giussani DA, Hughes K. An ovine model for investigation of the microenvironment of the male mammary gland. J Anat 2024; 245:405-419. [PMID: 38735860 PMCID: PMC11306760 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The specific biology of the male breast remains relatively unexplored in spite of the increasing global prevalence of male breast cancer. Delineation of the microenvironment of the male breast is restricted by the low availability of human samples and a lack of characterisation of appropriate animal models. Unlike the mouse, the male ovine gland persists postnatally. We suggest that the male ovine mammary gland constitutes a promising adjunctive model for the male breast. In this study, we evaluate the male ovine mammary gland microenvironment, comparing intact and neutered males. Assessment of the glandular histo-anatomy highlights the resemblance of the male gland to that of neonatal female sheep and confirms the presence of rudimentary terminal duct lobular units. Irrespective of neutered status, cell proliferation in epithelial and stromal compartments is similarly low in males, and cell proliferation in epithelial cells and in the intralobular stroma is significantly lower than in pubertal female sheep. Between 42% and 72% of the luminal mammary epithelial cells in the male gland express the androgen receptor and expression is significantly reduced by neutering. Luminal epithelial cells within the intact and neutered male gland also express oestrogen receptor alpha, but minimal progesterone receptor expression is observed. The distribution of leukocytes within the ducts and stroma is similar to the mammary gland of female sheep and females of other species. Both macrophages and T lymphocytes are intercalated in the epithelial bilayer and are more abundant in the intralobular stroma than the interlobular stroma, suggesting that they may have a protective immunological function within the vestigial glandular tissue of the male sheep. Mast cells are also observed within the stroma. These cells cluster near the glandular tissue and are frequently located adjacent to blood vessels. The abundance of mast cells is significantly higher in intact males compared to neutered males, suggesting that hormone signalling may impact mast cell recruitment. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of the male ovine mammary gland as a model for furthering our knowledge of postnatal male mammary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael C. Crew
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anna L. K. Cochrane
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Katie Davies
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Sonja Jeckel
- Farm Animal Pathology and DiagnosticsThe Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Ian S. McCrone
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Katie Waine
- Farm Post Mortems LtdDurhamUK
- Present address:
Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada.
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Clare E. Bryant
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John W. Wills
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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2
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Goudarzi N, Shabani R, Moradi F, Ebrahimi M, Katebi M, Jafari A, Mehdinejadiani S, Vahabzade G, Soleimani M. Evaluation puramatrix as a 3D microenvironment for neural differentiation of human breastmilk stem cells. Brain Res 2024; 1836:148936. [PMID: 38649134 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is recognized as an efficient and determining component in the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of cells due to its ability to perceive and respond to environmental signals. Applying three-dimensional scaffolds can create conditions similar to the extracellular matrix and provide an opportunity to investigate cell fate. In this study, we employed the PuraMatrix hydrogel scaffold as an advanced cell culture platform for the neural differentiation of stem cells derived from human breastmilk to design an opportune model for tissue engineering. Isolated stem cells from breastmilk were cultured and differentiated into neural-like cells on PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel and in the two-dimensional system. The compatibility of breastmilk-derived stem cells with PuraMatrix and cell viability was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay, respectively. Induction of differentiation was achieved by exposing cells to the neurogenic medium. After 21 days of the initial differentiation process, the expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), microtubule-associated protein (MAP2), β-tubulin III, and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) were analyzed using the immunostaining technique. The results illustrated a notable expression of MAP2, β-tubulin-III, and NeuN in the three-dimensional cell culture in comparison to the two-dimensional system, indicating the beneficial effect of PuraMatrix scaffolds in the process of differentiating breastmilk-derived stem cells into neural-like cells. In view of the obtained results, the combination of breastmilk-derived stem cells and PuraMatrix hydrogel scaffold could be an advisable preference for neural tissue regeneration and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Goudarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Katebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Bandarabas, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Amir Jafari
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
| | - Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gelareh Vahabzade
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoure Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Jaquish A, Phung E, Gong X, Baldominos-Flores P, Galvan-Pena S, Bursulaya I, Magill I, Bertrand K, Chambers C, Agudo J, Mathis D, Benoist C, Ramanan D. Expansion of mammary intraepithelial lymphocytes and intestinal inputs shape T cell dynamics in lactogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602739. [PMID: 39026711 PMCID: PMC11257640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy brings about profound changes to the mammary gland in preparation for lactation. Changes in immunocyte populations that accompany this rapid remodeling are incompletely understood. We comprehensively analyzed mammary T cells through all parous stages, revealing a marked increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells in late pregnancy and lactation. T cell expansion was partly dependent on microbial signals and included an increase in TCRαβ+CD8αα+ cells with strong cytotoxic markers, located in the epithelium, that resemble intraepithelial lymphocytes of mucosal tissues. This relationship was substantiated by demonstrating T cell migration from gut to mammary gland in late pregnancy, by TCR clonotypes shared by intestine and mammary tissue in the same mouse, including intriguing gut TCR families. Putative counterparts of CD8αα+ IELs were found in human milk. Mammary T cells are thus poised to manage the transition from a non-mucosal tissue to a mucosal barrier during lactogenesis.
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Ventura GC, Dyshliuk N, Dmytriyeva O, Nordsten MJB, Haugaard MM, Christiansen LI, Thymann T, Sangild PT, Pankratova S. Enteral plasma supports brain repair in newborn pigs after birth asphyxia. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:693-708. [PMID: 38677626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Newborns exposed to birth asphyxia transiently experience deficient blood flow and a lack of oxygen, potentially inducing hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and subsequent neurological damage. Immunomodulatory components in plasma may dampen these responses. Using caesarean-delivered pigs as a model, we hypothesized that dietary plasma supplementation improves brain outcomes in pigs exposed to birth asphyxia. Mild birth asphyxia was induced by temporary occlusion of the umbilical cord prior to caesarean delivery. Motor development was assessed in asphyxiated (ASP) and control (CON) piglets using neonatal arousal, physical activity and gait test parameters before euthanasia on Day 4. The ASP pigs exhibited increased plasma lactate at birth, deficient motor skills and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in CSF and astrogliosis in the putamen. The expression of genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic functions was transiently altered in the motor cortex and caudate nucleus. The number of apoptotic cells among CTIP2-positive neurons in the motor cortex and striatal medium spiny neurons was increased, and maturation of preoligodendrocytes in the internal capsule was delayed. Plasma supplementation improved gait performance in the beam test, attenuated neuronal apoptosis and affected gene expression related to neuroinflammation, neurotransmission and antioxidants (motor cortex, caudate). We present a new clinically relevant animal model of moderate birth asphyxia inducing structural and functional brain damage. The components in plasma that support brain repair remain to be identified but may represent a therapeutic potential for infants and animals after birth asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chavarria Ventura
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadiya Dyshliuk
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Jacob Bagi Nordsten
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Mathilde Haugaard
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Iadsatian Christiansen
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Section of Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wyatt HE, Sheerin K, Hume PA, Hébert-Losier K. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain when Running During Pregnancy: A Survey of 3102 Women. Sports Med 2024; 54:1955-1964. [PMID: 38319589 PMCID: PMC11258093 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-01994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain while running is a concern to women during pregnancy and can lead to running cessation. To support women who wish to run during pregnancy, it is essential to understand the sites, severities and personal risk factors associated with musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal pain when running during pregnancy. METHODS An online survey was completed by women who had a child in the past 5 years and ran prior to and during pregnancy. Pain frequency informed prevalence rates by body site, and logistic regression odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS A total of 3102 women of 23 ethnicities from 25 countries completed the survey. Women were 22-52 years old when they gave birth and ran 2-129 km/week during the 0.5-35 years before the birth of their youngest child. Women ran significantly less distance and less often during pregnancy than before pregnancy. Most women (86%) experienced pain while running during pregnancy (59% pelvis/sacroiliac joint, 52% lower back, 51% abdomen, 44% breast, 40% hip). The highest prevalence of severe-to-worst pain was at the pelvis/sacroiliac joint (9%). Women at greatest risk of pain while running during pregnancy had a previous injury (OR = 3.44) or were older (OR = 1.04). Women with a previous child were less likely to experience breast pain (OR = 0.76) than those running during their first pregnancy. CONCLUSION Healthcare practices to reduce pain should focus on regions of greatest musculoskeletal change during pregnancy, specifically the pelvis, lower back and abdomen. Efforts to support women to run for longer throughout pregnancy should focus on pain at the pelvis and breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Wyatt
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kelly Sheerin
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Mindaroo Tech & Policy Lab, Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
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6
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Kwon HC, Jung HS, Kothuri V, Han SG. Current status and challenges for cell-cultured milk technology: a systematic review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:81. [PMID: 38849927 PMCID: PMC11161985 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular agriculture is an innovative technology for manufacturing sustainable agricultural products as an alternative to traditional agriculture. While most cellular agriculture is predominantly centered on the production of cultured meat, there is a growing demand for an understanding of the production techniques involved in dairy products within cellular agriculture. This review focuses on the current status of cellular agriculture in the dairy sector and technical challenges for cell-cultured milk production. Cellular agriculture technology in the dairy sector has been classified into fermentation-based and animal cell culture-based cellular agriculture. Currently, various companies synthesize milk components through precision fermentation technology. Nevertheless, several startup companies are pursuing animal cell-based technology, driven by public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms in precision fermentation technology. Hence, this review offers an up-to-date exploration of animal cell-based cellular agriculture to produce milk components, specifically emphasizing the structural, functional, and productive aspects of mammary epithelial cells, providing new information for industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vahinika Kothuri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Chen J, Sun Y, Liu Q, Yip J, Yick KL. Construction of multi-component finite element model to predict biomechanical behaviour of breasts during running and quantification of the stiffness impact of internal structure. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01862-2. [PMID: 38806750 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the biomechanical behaviour and the stiffness impact of the breast internal components during running. To achieve this, a novel nonlinear multi-component dynamic finite element method (FEM) has been established, which uses experimental data obtained via 4D scanning technology and a motion capture system. The data are used to construct a geometric model that comprises the rigid body, layers of soft tissues, skin, pectoralis major muscle, fat, ligaments and glandular tissues. The traditional point-to-point method has a relative mean absolute error of less than 7.92% while the latest surface-to-surface method has an average Euclidean distance (d) of 7.05 mm, validating the simulated results. After simulating the motion of the different components of the breasts, the displacement analysis confirms that when the motion reaches the moment of largest displacement, the displacement of the breast components is proportional to their distance from the chest wall. A biomechanical analysis indicates that the stress sustained by the breast components in ascending order is the glandular tissues, pectoralis major muscle, adipose tissues, and ligaments. The ligaments provide the primary support during motion, followed by the pectoralis major muscle. In addition, specific stress points of the breast components are identified. The stiffness impact experiment indicates that compared with ligaments, the change of glandular tissue stiffness had a slightly more obvious effect on the breast surface. The findings serve as a valuable reference for the medical field and sports bra industry to enhance breast protection during motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Chen
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Fashion Design and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qilong Liu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-Lun Yick
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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8
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Stibbards-Lyle M, Malinovska J, Badawy S, Schedin P, Rinker KD. Status of breast cancer detection in young women and potential of liquid biopsy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1398196. [PMID: 38835377 PMCID: PMC11148378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1398196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Young onset breast cancer (YOBC) is an increasing demographic with unique biology, limited screening, and poor outcomes. Further, women with postpartum breast cancers (PPBCs), cancers occurring up to 10 years after childbirth, have worse outcomes than other young breast cancer patients matched for tumor stage and subtype. Early-stage detection of YOBC is critical for improving outcomes. However, most young women (under 45) do not meet current age guidelines for routine mammographic screening and are thus an underserved population. Other challenges to early detection in this population include reduced performance of standard of care mammography and reduced awareness. Women often face significant barriers in accessing health care during the postpartum period and disadvantaged communities face compounding barriers due to systemic health care inequities. Blood tests and liquid biopsies targeting early detection may provide an attractive option to help address these challenges. Test development in this area includes understanding of the unique biology involved in YOBC and in particular PPBCs that tend to be more aggressive and deadly. In this review, we will present the status of breast cancer screening and detection in young women, provide a summary of some unique biological features of YOBC, and discuss the potential for blood tests and liquid biopsy platforms to address current shortcomings in timely, equitable detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Stibbards-Lyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Malinovska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seleem Badawy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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9
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Alshogran OY, Dodeja P, Albukhaytan H, Laffey T, Chaphekar N, Caritis S, Shaik IH, Venkataramanan R. Drugs in Human Milk Part 1: Practical and Analytical Considerations in Measuring Drugs and Metabolites in Human Milk. Clin Pharmacokinet 2024; 63:561-588. [PMID: 38748090 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-024-01374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Human milk is a remarkable biofluid that provides essential nutrients and immune protection to newborns. Breastfeeding women consuming medications could pass the drug through their milk to neonates. Drugs can be transferred to human milk by passive diffusion or active transport. The physicochemical properties of the drug largely impact the extent of drug transfer into human milk. A comprehensive understanding of the physiology of human milk formation, composition of milk, mechanisms of drug transfer, and factors influencing drug transfer into human milk is critical for appropriate selection and use of medications in lactating women. Quantification of drugs in the milk is essential for assessing the safety of pharmacotherapy during lactation. This can be achieved by developing specific, sensitive, and reproducible analytical methods using techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The present review briefly discusses the physiology of human milk formation, composition of human milk, mechanisms of drug transfer into human milk, and factors influencing transfer of drugs from blood to milk. We further expand upon and critically evaluate the existing analytical approaches/assays used for the quantification of drugs in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Prerna Dodeja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hamdan Albukhaytan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Laffey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nupur Chaphekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steve Caritis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, UPMC Magee-Women's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imam H Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Room 7406, Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Makita K, Hamamoto Y, Kanzaki H, Nagasaki K, Aogi K. Internal mammary node abnormality in imaging studies and treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:218. [PMID: 38586202 PMCID: PMC10995659 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of mild internal mammary node (IMN) enlargement (Mild-IMN) is uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and IMN status in patients with breast cancer who underwent postmastectomy radiation therapy between January 2010 and December 2018. Overall, 250 patients were categorized based on IMN status: Clinically normal IMN (Normal-IMN; n=172), Mild-IMN (n=39) and clinically metastatic IMN (cMet-IMN; n=39). None of the patients in the Normal- or Mild-IMN groups received IMN irradiation. In the cMet-IMN group, 25 patients underwent IMN irradiation with an IMN boost (10 Gy in 5 fractions), while 14 patients did not. The median follow-up time was 80.0 months (range, 7.2-147.6 months). The 7-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and IMN recurrence-free survival (IRF) rates were 80.2, 73.0 and 93.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that only cMet-IMN had a significant impact on OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.66; 95% CI, 1.01-3.68; P=0.05] and DFS (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.39; P=0.03), while cMet-IMN did not have a significant impact on IRF (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.41-6.78; P=0.48). Additionally, receiving an IMN boost had no influence on OS (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.37-2.34; P=0.84), DFS (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.51-3.22; P=0.60) or IRF (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 0.22-17.47; P=0.55). In conclusion, the impact of Mild-IMN on clinical outcomes was small. Although irradiation for cMet-IMN is important, the impact of the cMet-IMN boost with 10 Gy in 5 fractions on clinical outcomes may also be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Makita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-0024, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanzaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
| | - Kei Nagasaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Aogi
- Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
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11
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Waas M, Khoo A, Tharmapalan P, McCloskey CW, Govindarajan M, Zhang B, Khan S, Waterhouse PD, Khokha R, Kislinger T. Droplet-based proteomics reveals CD36 as a marker for progenitors in mammary basal epithelium. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100741. [PMID: 38569541 PMCID: PMC11045875 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Deep proteomic profiling of rare cell populations has been constrained by sample input requirements. Here, we present DROPPS (droplet-based one-pot preparation for proteomic samples), an accessible low-input platform that generates high-fidelity proteomic profiles of 100-2,500 cells. By applying DROPPS within the mammary epithelium, we elucidated the connection between mitochondrial activity and clonogenicity, identifying CD36 as a marker of progenitor capacity in the basal cell compartment. We anticipate that DROPPS will accelerate biology-driven proteomic research for a multitude of rare cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Waas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Amanda Khoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Curtis W McCloskey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Meinusha Govindarajan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Paul D Waterhouse
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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12
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Dzięgelewska-Sokołowska Ż, Majewska A, Szopa I, Gajewska M. Chemerin Stimulates the Secretory Activity of BME-UV1 Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4147. [PMID: 38673732 PMCID: PMC11050135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine gland, synthesizing and secreting multiple signaling molecules termed adipokines. Following the detection of adipokines and their receptors in the mammary tissue of various species, it is indicated that adipokines play a role in the development of the mammary gland. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration-dependent influence of three adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin, on the viability, apoptosis, and secretory activity of BME-UV1 bovine mammary epithelial cells. The study confirmed that BME-UV1 cells contain the leptin receptor (Ob-R) protein, and express transcripts of adiponectin (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and chemerin (CMLKR1 and GPR1) receptors. Regardless of the administered dose, none of the three tested adipokines had an effect on the viability of BME-UV1 cells, and the number of apoptotic cells remained unchanged. However, chemerin (100 ng/mL) stimulated BME-UV1 cells to synthesize and secrete αS1-casein, the major protein component of milk. These results indicate that chemerin may be a potent regulator of the bovine mammary epithelial cells' functional differentiation, contributing, along with the major systemic hormones and local growth factors, to the development of the bovine mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159b, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (Ż.D.-S.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
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13
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Han E, Van Horn L, Snetselaar L, Shepherd JA, Jung Park Y, Kim H, Jung S, Dorgan JF. The Associations between Intakes of One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Vitamins and Breast Density among Young Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:567-575. [PMID: 38270539 PMCID: PMC11038423 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate is the primary methyl donor and B vitamins are cofactors for one-carbon metabolism that maintain DNA integrity and epigenetic signatures implicated in carcinogenesis. Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to stimuli in early life. Only limited data are available on associations of one-carbon metabolism-related vitamin intake during youth and young adulthood with breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer. METHODS Over 18 years in the DISC and DISC06 Follow-up Study, diets of 182 young women were assessed by three 24-hour recalls on five occasions at ages 8 to 18 years and once at 25 to 29 years. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects regression was used to examine associations of intakes of one-carbon metabolism-related vitamins with MRI-measured percent dense breast volume (%DBV) and absolute dense breast volume (ADBV) at ages 25 to 29 years. RESULTS Folate intake in youth was inversely associated with %DBV (Ptrend = 0.006) and ADBV (Ptrend = 0.02). These inverse associations were observed with intake during post-, though not premenarche. In contrast, premenarche vitamin B2 intake was positively associated with ADBV (Ptrend < 0.001). Young adult folate and vitamin B6 intakes were inversely associated with %DBV (all Ptrend ≤ 0.04), whereas vitamins B6 and B12 were inversely associated with ADBV (all Ptrend ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Among these DISC participants intakes of one-carbon metabolism-related vitamins were associated with breast density. Larger prospective studies among diverse populations are needed to replicate these findings. IMPACT Our results suggest the importance of one-carbon metabolism-related vitamin intakes early in life with development of breast density and thereby potentially breast cancer risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Han
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoun Jung
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joanne F. Dorgan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Major G, Ahn M, Cho WW, Santos M, Wise J, Phillips E, Wise SG, Jang J, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Woodfield T, Lim KS. Programming temporal stiffness cues within extracellular matrix hydrogels for modelling cancer niches. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:101004. [PMID: 38420142 PMCID: PMC10900776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening is a common occurrence during the progression of many diseases, such as breast cancer. To accurately mimic the pathophysiological context of disease within 3D in vitro models, there is high demand for smart biomaterials which replicate the dynamic and temporal mechanical cues of diseased states. This study describes a preclinical disease model, using breast cancer as an example, which replicates the dynamic plasticity of the tumour microenvironment by incorporating temporal (3-week progression) biomechanical cues within a tissue-specific hydrogel microenvironment. The composite hydrogel formulation, integrating adipose-derived decellularised ECM (AdECM) and silk fibroin, was initially crosslinked using a visible light-mediated system, and then progressively stiffened through spontaneous secondary structure interactions inherent between the polymer chains (∼10-15 kPa increase, with a final stiffness of 25 kPa). When encapsulated and cultured in vitro, MCF-7 breast cancer cells initially formed numerous, large spheroids (>1000 μm2 in area), however, with progressive temporal stiffening, cells demonstrated growth arrest and underwent phenotypic changes resulting in intratumoral heterogeneity. Unlike widely-investigated static mechanical models, this stiffening hydrogel allowed for progressive phenotypic changes to be observed, and fostered the development of mature organoid-like spheroids, which mimicked both the organisation and acinar-structures of mature breast epithelium. The spheroids contained a central population of cells which expressed aggressive cellular programs, evidenced by increased fibronectin expression and reduction of E-cadherin. The phenotypic heterogeneity observed using this model is more reflective of physiological tumours, demonstrating the importance of establishing temporal cues within preclinical models in future work. Overall, the developed model demonstrated a novel strategy to uncouple ECM biomechanical properties from the cellular complexities of the disease microenvironment and offers the potential for wide applicability in other 3D in vitro disease models through addition of tissue-specific dECM materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Major
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Miguel Santos
- Applied Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessika Wise
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Phillips
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steven G Wise
- Applied Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinah Jang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Tyree Institute of Health Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Light-Activated Materials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
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15
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Castro-Navarro I, McGuire MA, Williams JE, Holdsworth EA, Meehan CL, McGuire MK. Maternal Cannabis Use during Lactation and Potential Effects on Human Milk Composition and Production: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100196. [PMID: 38432590 PMCID: PMC10997876 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has increased sharply in the last 20 y among adults, including reproductive-aged women. Its recent widespread legalization is associated with a decrease in risk perception of cannabis use during breastfeeding. However, the effect of cannabis use (if any) on milk production and milk composition is not known. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge related to maternal cannabis use during breastfeeding and provides an overview of possible pathways whereby cannabis might affect milk composition and production. Several studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids and their metabolites are detectable in human milk produced by mothers who use cannabis. Due to their physicochemical properties, cannabinoids are stored in adipose tissue, can easily reach the mammary gland, and can be secreted in milk. Moreover, cannabinoid receptors are present in adipocytes and mammary epithelial cells. The activation of these receptors directly modulates fatty acid metabolism, potentially causing changes in milk fatty acid profiles. Additionally, the endocannabinoid system is intimately connected to the endocrine system. As such, it is probable that interactions of exogenous cannabinoids with the endocannabinoid system might modify release of critical hormones (e.g., prolactin and dopamine) that regulate milk production and secretion. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated effects of cannabis use (including on milk production and composition) in lactating women. Additional research utilizing robust methodologies are needed to elucidate whether and how cannabis use affects human milk production and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Castro-Navarro
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | | | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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16
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Putri DK, Syaidah R, Jusuf AA. The Effects of Different Storage Conditions on Leukocytes in Human Breast Milk. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:91-98. [PMID: 38434463 PMCID: PMC10906764 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2023.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Breast milk is the best baby food because it contains various nutrients and important factors for the baby's immune system, including leukocytes. This study aimed to determine the effects on morphology, number of cells and breast milk leukocytes count of various ways of storing breast milk based on different temperatures and storage durations. Methods This study was conducted at the Biochemistry Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory and the Histology Laboratory, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia from September 2022 to February 2023. Transitional breast milk samples from 7 breastfeeding mothers were utilised in the study. A total of 50 mL was divided into 4 tubes of 12.5 mL each and treated based on temperature, storage time and method of thawing frozen breast milk based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommendations for breast milk storage. The breast milk cells were isolated to calculate the cell number and leukocyte population. Subsequently, the breast milk cells were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to analyse the number and morphology of leukocytes. Results The findings showed a significant decrease in the breast milk's total number and population and changes in the morphology of breast milk leukocytes after storage. Conclusion This study indicates that CDC storage recommendations do not affect the quantity of the CD45+ leukocyte population; however, there is a decrease in the total number of leukocytes and alterations in their microscopic morphology. Thus, additional research is recommended to determine whether these modifications influence the function of the breast milk cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahimi Syaidah
- Master Program in Biomedical Science
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad A. Jusuf
- Master Program in Biomedical Science
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Cluster of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
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17
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Ni J, Xian M, Ren Y, Yang L, Li Y, Guo S, Ran B, Hu J. Whole-genome resequencing reveals candidate genes associated with milk production trait in Guanzhong dairy goats. Anim Genet 2024; 55:168-172. [PMID: 38093616 DOI: 10.1111/age.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Milk production is one of the most important economic utility of goats. Guanzhong dairy goat is a local dairy goat in Shaanxi Province of China and has high milk yield and quality. However, there are relatively few studies on molecular markers of milk production traits in Guanzhong dairy goats. In this study, we sequenced the whole genomes of 20 Guanzhong dairy goats, 10 of which had high milk yield (HM) and 10 of which had low milk yield (LM). We detected candidate signatures of selection in HM goats using Fst and π-ratio statistics and identified several candidate genes including ANPEP, ADRA1A and PRKG1 associated with milk production. Our results provide the basis for molecular breeding of milk production traits in Guanzhong dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yijie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Songmao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Benkang Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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18
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Mayerl CJ, German RZ. Evolution, diversification and function of the maternal-infant dyad in mammalian feeding. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220554. [PMID: 37839443 PMCID: PMC10577036 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the mother/infant dyad providing a source of nutrition for infants is essential for the origin and subsequent diversification of mammals. Despite the importance of this dyad, research on maternal and infant function is often treated independently. Our goal is to synthesize the work on maternal and infant function, discuss our own studies of suckling, and compare the origins of lactation and suckling with their ensuing diversification. Our central premise is that while extensive work has demonstrated variation across mammals in the maternal aspect of this system, very little has been done to address how this relates to infant function. We start with a discussion of the fundamental anatomy and physiology of both mother and infant. We next discuss the origin of mammary glands and milk, and infant suckling, which is distinct from their subsequent diversification. We then discuss the diversification of maternal and infant function, highlighting the evolutionary diversity present in maternal function (both anatomically and physiologically), before arguing that the diversity of infant function is unexplored, and needs to be better studied in the future. We end by discussing some of the holes in our understanding, and suggestions for future work that can address these lacunae. This article is part of the theme issue 'Food processing and nutritional assimilation in animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-5766, USA
| | - Rebecca Z. German
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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19
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Holzhausen EA, Kupsco A, Chalifour BN, Patterson WB, Schmidt KA, Mokhtari P, Lurmann F, Baccarelli AA, Goran MI, Alderete TL. Human milk EV-miRNAs: a novel biomarker for air pollution exposure during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, HEALTH : ERH 2023; 1:035002. [PMID: 37692372 PMCID: PMC10486183 DOI: 10.1088/2752-5309/ace075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient and near-roadway air pollution during pregnancy has been linked with several adverse health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies. Emerging research indicates that microRNA (miRNA) expression can be altered by exposure to air pollutants in a variety of tissues. Additionally, miRNAs from breast tissue and circulating miRNAs have previously been proposed as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the associations between pregnancy exposures to ambient (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3) and near-roadway air pollution (total NOx, freeway NOx, non-freeway NOx) with breast milk extracellular vesicle miRNA (EV-miRNA), measured at 1-month postpartum, in a cohort of 108 Latina women living in Southern California. We found that PM10 exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, and hsa-let-7c-5p, and was negatively associated with hsa-miR-378d. We also found that pregnancy PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p and hsa-miR-200b-3p. First and second trimester exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with several EV-miRNAs with putative messenger RNA targets related to cancer. This study provides preliminary evidence that air pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with human milk EV-miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Holzhausen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO,
United States of America
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public
Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bridget N Chalifour
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO,
United States of America
| | - William B Patterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO,
United States of America
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United
States of America
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United
States of America
| | | | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public
Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United
States of America
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO,
United States of America
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20
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Kumar T, Nee K, Wei R, He S, Nguyen QH, Bai S, Blake K, Pein M, Gong Y, Sei E, Hu M, Casasent AK, Thennavan A, Li J, Tran T, Chen K, Nilges B, Kashikar N, Braubach O, Ben Cheikh B, Nikulina N, Chen H, Teshome M, Menegaz B, Javaid H, Nagi C, Montalvan J, Lev T, Mallya S, Tifrea DF, Edwards R, Lin E, Parajuli R, Hanson S, Winocour S, Thompson A, Lim B, Lawson DA, Kessenbrock K, Navin N. A spatially resolved single-cell genomic atlas of the adult human breast. Nature 2023; 620:181-191. [PMID: 37380767 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The adult human breast is comprised of an intricate network of epithelial ducts and lobules that are embedded in connective and adipose tissue1-3. Although most previous studies have focused on the breast epithelial system4-6, many of the non-epithelial cell types remain understudied. Here we constructed the comprehensive Human Breast Cell Atlas (HBCA) at single-cell and spatial resolution. Our single-cell transcriptomics study profiled 714,331 cells from 126 women, and 117,346 nuclei from 20 women, identifying 12 major cell types and 58 biological cell states. These data reveal abundant perivascular, endothelial and immune cell populations, and highly diverse luminal epithelial cell states. Spatial mapping using four different technologies revealed an unexpectedly rich ecosystem of tissue-resident immune cells, as well as distinct molecular differences between ductal and lobular regions. Collectively, these data provide a reference of the adult normal breast tissue for studying mammary biology and diseases such as breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapsi Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Nee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Runmin Wei
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siyuan He
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quy H Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kerrigan Blake
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Math, Computational & Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maren Pein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yanwen Gong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Math, Computational & Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Emi Sei
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna K Casasent
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aatish Thennavan
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianzhuo Li
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tuan Tran
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mediget Teshome
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Menegaz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huma Javaid
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandandeep Nagi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Montalvan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatyana Lev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Math, Computational & Systems Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Delia F Tifrea
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erin Lin
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ritesh Parajuli
- Chao Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Summer Hanson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Bora Lim
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Devon A Lawson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas Navin
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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McGhee DE, Steele JR. Changes to breast structure and function across a woman's lifespan: Implications for managing and modeling female breast injuries. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 107:106031. [PMID: 37379771 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female breasts change throughout a woman's life in response to fluctuating hormonal influences. Individuals managing active women and those modeling female breasts must understand these structural and functional changes across a female's lifespan because these changes affect breast injuries sustained by women. METHODS We initially review female breast structure and function and then describe how breast structure changes across a woman's lifespan. Key studies about direct contact and frictional breast injuries are then summarized. Limitations of current breast injury research, gaps in knowledge about breast injuries incurred by specific populations, and the lack of breast injury models are also highlighted. FINDINGS With minimal anatomical protection, it is unsurprising that breast injuries occur. Although research about breast injuries is scant, direct contact during blunt force trauma to the anterior chest wall and frictional breast injuries have been reported. There is a lack, however, of research documenting the incidence and severity of breast injuries incurred in occupational settings and in women's sports. Therefore, to design effective breast protective equipment, we recommend research to model and investigate the mechanisms and forces involved in breast injuries, particularly injuries sustained during sport. INTERPRETATION This unique review summarizes how female breasts change over a woman's life span, with implications for breast injuries sustained by females. Knowledge gaps about female breast injuries are highlighted. We conclude by recommending research required to develop evidence-based strategies to improve how we classify, prevent, and clinically manage breast injuries sustained by females. SUMMARY We review changes to the breast across a woman's lifespan, highlighting implications for managing and modeling female breast injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E McGhee
- Breast Research Australia, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Julie R Steele
- Breast Research Australia, Faculty of Science, Medicine, and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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22
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Niccolai E, Baldi S, Nannini G, Gensini F, Papi L, Vezzosi V, Bianchi S, Orzalesi L, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. Breast cancer: the first comparative evaluation of oncobiome composition between males and females. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 37277847 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that breast microbiota dysbiosis contributes to cancer initiation, progression, prognosis and treatment efficacy. Anyway, available data are referred only to female patients, and studies on males are completely missing. Male breast cancer (MBC) is 70-100 times less frequent, but the mortality rate adjusted to incidence is higher in men than in females. Currently, MBC diagnostic approaches and treatments have generally been extrapolated from the clinical experience gained in women, while few studies focus on characterizing male cancer biology. Taking into account the rising importance of the oncobiome field and the need of MBC targeted studies, we explored the breast cancer oncobiome of male and female patients. METHODS 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed in 20 tumor and 20 non-pathological adjacent FFPE breast tissues from male and female patients. RESULTS We documented, for the first time, the presence of a sexually dimorphic breast-associated microbiota, here defined as "breast microgenderome". Moreover, the paired analysis of tumor and non-pathological adjacent tissues suggests the presence of a cancer-associated dysbiosis in male patients, with surrounding tissue conserving a healthier microbiome, whereas in female patients, the entire breast tissue is predisposed to cancer development. Finally, the phylum Tenericutes, especially the genera Mesoplasma and Mycobacterium, could to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, in both sexes, deserving further investigation, not only for its role in cancer development but even as potential prognostic biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Breast microbiota characterization can enhance the understanding of male breast cancer pathogenesis, being useful for detection of new prognostic biomarkers and development of innovative personalized therapies, remarking the relevant gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Gensini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Vezzosi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orzalesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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23
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Ferreira T, Gama A, Seixas F, Faustino-Rocha AI, Lopes C, Gaspar VM, Mano JF, Medeiros R, Oliveira PA. Mammary Glands of Women, Female Dogs and Female Rats: Similarities and Differences to Be Considered in Breast Cancer Research. Vet Sci 2023; 10:379. [PMID: 37368765 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known types of cancer among women worldwide and is the most frequent neoplasm in intact female dogs. Female dogs are considered attractive models or studying spontaneous breast cancer, whereas female rats are currently the most widely used animal models for breast cancer research in the laboratory context. Both female dogs and female rats have contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in this field, and, in a "One Health" approach, they have allowed broad understanding of specific biopathological pathways, influence of environmental factors and screening/discovery of candidate therapies. This review aims to clearly showcase the similarities and differences among woman, female dog and female rat concerning to anatomical, physiological and histological features of the mammary gland and breast/mammary cancer epidemiology, in order to better portray breast tumorigenesis, and to ensure appropriate conclusions and extrapolation of results among species. We also discuss the major aspects that stand out in these species. The mammary glands of female dogs and women share structural similarities, especially with respect to the lactiferous ducts and lymphatic drainage. In contrast, female rats have only one lactiferous duct per nipple. A comprehensive comparison between humans and dogs is given a special focus, as these species share several aspects in terms of breast/mammary cancer epidemiology, such as age of onset, hormonal etiology, risk factors, and the clinical course of the disease. Holistically, it is clear that each species has advantages and limitations that researchers must consider during the development of experimental designs and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department of the Portuguese League against Cancer-Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED), Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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24
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Xuan R, Wang J, Li Q, Wang Y, Du S, Duan Q, Guo Y, He P, Ji Z, Chao T. Identification and Characterization of circRNAs in Non-Lactating Dairy Goat Mammary Glands Reveal Their Regulatory Role in Mammary Cell Involution and Remodeling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050860. [PMID: 37238729 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study conducted transcriptome sequencing of goat-mammary-gland tissue at the late lactation (LL), dry period (DP), and late gestation (LG) stages to reveal the expression characteristics and molecular functions of circRNAs during mammary involution. A total of 11,756 circRNAs were identified in this study, of which 2528 circRNAs were expressed in all three stages. The number of exonic circRNAs was the largest, and the least identified circRNAs were antisense circRNAs. circRNA source gene analysis found that 9282 circRNAs were derived from 3889 genes, and 127 circRNAs' source genes were unknown. Gene Ontology (GO) terms, such as histone modification, regulation of GTPase activity, and establishment or maintenance of cell polarity, were significantly enriched (FDR < 0.05), which indicates the functional diversity of circRNAs' source genes. A total of 218 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified during the non-lactation period. The number of specifically expressed circRNAs was the highest in the DP and the lowest in LL stages. These indicated temporal specificity of circRNA expression in mammary gland tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, this study also constructed circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks related to mammary development, immunity, substance metabolism, and apoptosis. These findings help understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in mammary cell involution and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qingling Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Peipei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, China
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25
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Lin J, Ye S, Ke H, Lin L, Wu X, Guo M, Jiao B, Chen C, Zhao L. Changes in the mammary gland during aging and its links with breast diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37184281 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional capacity of organisms declines in the process of aging. In the case of breast tissue, abnormal mammary gland development can lead to dysfunction in milk secretion, a primary function, as well as the onset of various diseases, such as breast cancer. In the process of aging, the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) within the breast undergo gradual degeneration, while the proportion of adipose tissue in the breast continues to increase and hormonal levels in the breast change accordingly. Here, we review changes in morphology, internal structure, and cellular composition that occur in the mammary gland during aging. We also explore the emerging mechanisms of breast aging and the relationship between changes during aging and breast-related diseases, as well as potential interventions for delaying mammary gland aging and preventing breast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Lin
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shihui Ye
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- the Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
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26
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Kumar T, Nee K, Wei R, He S, Nguyen QH, Bai S, Blake K, Gong Y, Pein M, Sei E, Hu M, Casasent A, Thennavan A, Li J, Tran T, Chen K, Nilges B, Kashikar N, Braubach O, Cheikh BB, Nikulina N, Chen H, Teshome M, Menegaz B, Javaid H, Nagi C, Montalvan J, Tifrea DF, Edwards R, Lin E, Parajuli R, Winocour S, Thompson A, Lim B, Lawson DA, Kessenbrock K, Navin N. A spatially resolved single cell genomic atlas of the adult human breast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.22.537946. [PMID: 37163043 PMCID: PMC10168262 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.22.537946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The adult human breast comprises an intricate network of epithelial ducts and lobules that are embedded in connective and adipose tissue. While previous studies have mainly focused on the breast epithelial system, many of the non-epithelial cell types remain understudied. Here, we constructed a comprehensive Human Breast Cell Atlas (HBCA) at single-cell and spatial resolution. Our single-cell transcriptomics data profiled 535,941 cells from 62 women, and 120,024 nuclei from 20 women, identifying 11 major cell types and 53 cell states. These data revealed abundant pericyte, endothelial and immune cell populations, and highly diverse luminal epithelial cell states. Our spatial mapping using three technologies revealed an unexpectedly rich ecosystem of tissue-resident immune cells in the ducts and lobules, as well as distinct molecular differences between ductal and lobular regions. Collectively, these data provide an unprecedented reference of adult normal breast tissue for studying mammary biology and disease states such as breast cancer.
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27
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Krebs NF, Belfort MB, Meier PP, Mennella JA, O'Connor DL, Taylor SN, Raiten DJ. Infant factors that impact the ecology of human milk secretion and composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 3. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S43-S60. [PMID: 37173060 PMCID: PMC10356564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants drive many lactation processes and contribute to the changing composition of human milk through multiple mechanisms. This review addresses the major topics of milk removal; chemosensory ecology for the parent-infant dyad; the infant's inputs into the composition of the human milk microbiome; and the impact of disruptions in gestation on the ecology of fetal and infant phenotypes, milk composition, and lactation. Milk removal, which is essential for adequate infant intake and continued milk synthesis through multiple hormonal and autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, should be effective, efficient, and comfortable for both the lactating parent and the infant. All 3 components should be included in the evaluation of milk removal. Breastmilk "bridges" flavor experiences in utero with postweaning foods, and the flavors become familiar and preferred. Infants can detect flavor changes in human milk resulting from parental lifestyle choices, including recreational drug use, and early experiences with the sensory properties of these recreational drugs impact subsequent behavioral responses. Interactions between the infant's own developing microbiome, that of the milk, and the multiple environmental factors that are drivers-both modifiable and nonmodifiable-in the microbial ecology of human milk are explored. Disruptions in gestation, especially preterm birth and fetal growth restriction or excess, impact the milk composition and lactation processes such as the timing of secretory activation, adequacy of milk volume and milk removal, and duration of lactation. Research gaps are identified in each of these areas. To assure a sustained and robust breastfeeding ecology, these myriad infant inputs must be systematically considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy F Krebs
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula P Meier
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah N Taylor
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Reynaert V, Gutermuth J, Wollenberg A. Nipple eczema: A systematic review and practical recommendations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1149-1159. [PMID: 36695082 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The nipple is the focal point of the human breast and serves important physiological, sexual, and aesthetic purposes. It can be affected by atopic, irritant, and allergic contact eczema, which often reduce the patient's quality of life. The objective of this article is to discuss the different types of nipple eczema and highlight relevant differential diagnoses and treatment options. A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to identify and critically appraise the existing literature on the topic. All articles on nipple eczema were considered eligible, regardless of publication date, language or study design. A final of 33 manuscripts on nipple eczema remained. The scarce literature and the limited number of high-quality manuscripts impedes provision of structured data on nipple eczema. To securely reach the educative value of this manuscript, the systematic review was combined with a manual databank search and selected manual search of textbooks. The differential diagnosis of nipple eczema encompasses among others nipple psoriasis, nipple candidiasis and Paget's disease. In case of diagnostic uncertainty, swabs or biopsies are indicated. Treatment of nipple eczema needs to rapidly control the signs and symptoms of the disease, since it can have a negative effect on quality of life and can lead to premature arrest of breastfeeding. The key treatment step is starting with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors, both of which are considered safe during lactation. Avoidance of provoking factors, such as repetitive friction, chemical agents, or allergens, can help. The use of nipple protection devices can be proposed for nursing women and sometimes adjusting of latch/suck positioning during breastfeeding is needed. Furthermore, patients should be advised to moisturize the nipple intensively and to switch to emollient wash products. Warm water compresses, black tea compresses or commercially available tannin containing topicals can provide comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Reynaert
- Department of Dermatology, SKIN Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, SKIN Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology, SKIN Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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29
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Campbell CJ, Booth BW. The Influence of the Normal Mammary Microenvironment on Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030576. [PMID: 36765535 PMCID: PMC9913214 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is recognized as performing a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis of many cancers, including breast cancer. The breast cancer microenvironment is a complex mixture of cells consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells, as well as noncellular components, such as extracellular matrix and soluble products. The interactions between the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment modulate tumor behavior and affect the responses of cancer patients to therapies. The interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding environment can include direct cell-to-cell contact or through intercellular signals over short and long distances. The intricate functions of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer have led to increased research into the tumor microenvironment as a possible therapeutic target of breast cancer. Though expanded research has shown the clear importance of the tumor microenvironment, there is little focus on how normal mammary epithelial cells can affect breast cancer cells. Previous studies have shown the normal breast microenvironment can manipulate non-mammary stem cells and tumor-derived cancer stem cells to participate in normal mammary gland development. The tumorigenic cells lose their tumor-forming capacity and are "redirected" to divide into "normal", non-tumorigenic cells. This cellular behavior is "cancer cell redirection". This review will summarize the current literature on cancer cell redirection and the normal mammary microenvironment's influence on breast cancer cells.
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30
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Xu Y, Da B, Zhao F, Gao M, Xue L, Zheng H, Shi H, Hou L, Miao S, Liu X, Wang Y, Xu H. Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis - A single-center experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1156628. [PMID: 37089608 PMCID: PMC10118005 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1156628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a complex breast disease in the clinic. Currently, there are no unified diagnostic criteria for the disease and no standard treatment methods. The effects of hormone, Conventional Chinese medicine and other treatments are uncertain, with long treatment duration and notable side effects. Surgery is the preferred treatment, but the recurrence rate after conventional surgery is very high, which may be related to depression of the nipple. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel corrective procedure in patients with cellular mastitis and depressed nipples. Methods Patients with PCM who received surgical treatment in the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 1996 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of nipple depression before surgery, the patients were divided into the nipple depression group and the non-nipple depression group. In the nipple depression group, patients were subdivided into a novel corrective surgery group ("one" suture or half pocket suture) and a conventional corrective surgery group (oil yarn traction valgus correction of nipple depression). Demographic, clinical, therapeutic, and postoperative relapse data were collected and analyzed. Results Compared with the patients in the non-nipple depression group, patients in the nipple depression group had a significantly higher recurrence risk after surgery (HR = 2.129 95% CI: 1.110-4.083, p = 0.023). Patients who underwent novel corrective surgery had a significantly lower recurrence risk than those who underwent conventional corrective surgery (HR = 0.363 95% CI: 0.150-0.880, p = 0.025). In addition, the novel corrective surgery significantly reduced the postoperative recurrence risk (HR = 0.088 95% CI: 0.009-0.886, p = 0.037). Conclusion How to correct nipple depression is a critical factor for postoperative recurrence of PCM, and this novel corrective surgery for nipple depression can effectively reduce the postoperative recurrence rate in patients with nipple depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bu Da
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Xu,
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Crump LS, Kines KT, Richer JK, Lyons TR. Breast cancers co-opt normal mechanisms of tolerance to promote immune evasion and metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1475-C1495. [PMID: 36189970 PMCID: PMC9662806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00189.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Normal developmental processes, such as those seen during embryonic development and postpartum mammary gland involution, can be reactivated by cancer cells to promote immune suppression, tumor growth, and metastatic spread. In mammalian embryos, paternal-derived antigens are at risk of being recognized as foreign by the maternal immune system. Suppression of the maternal immune response toward the fetus, which is mediated in part by the trophoblast, is critical to ensure embryonic survival and development. The postpartum mammary microenvironment also exhibits immunosuppressive mechanisms accompanying the massive cell death and tissue remodeling that occurs during mammary gland involution. These normal immunosuppressive mechanisms are paralleled during malignant transformation, where tumors can develop neoantigens that may be recognized as foreign by the immune system. To circumvent this, tumors can dedifferentiate and co-opt immune-suppressive mechanisms normally utilized during fetal tolerance and postpartum mammary involution. In this review, we discuss those similarities and how they can inform our understanding of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey S Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey T Kines
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Fan M, Miao Y, Zhao X, Wei Q, Ma B. G protein-coupled receptor 30 mediates cell proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells via MEK/ERK&PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2027-2037. [PMID: 35659445 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2083708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland of mammals possesses the specific function of synthesizing, secreting, and delivering milk. Notably, mammary epithelial cells are considered to be central to control the expansion and remodeling of mammary gland into a milk-secretory organ. And the biological function of mammary gland is mainly regulated by the endocrine system, especially for estrogen. G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), an estrogen membrane receptor, mediates estrogen-induced functions of physiology and pathophysiology. However, the relationship between estrogen/GPR30 signaling and proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells (gMECs) is still unclear. Herein, estrogen promoted cell proliferation than control, as evidence by upregulation of cell numbers, BrdU-positive cell counts, and cell viability. Of note, these activities were all obviously reduced by treatment with GPR30 antagonist G15, yet GPR30 agonist G1 increased cell proliferation than control. Further, GPR30 silencing inhibited cell proliferation than negative control. This inhibition was accompanied by a G2/M phase arrest and downregulation of cell cycle regulators. Meanwhile, estrogen increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Further, the protein level of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT was enhanced by GPR30 agonist G1 but inhibited by GPR30 antagonist G15 and GPR30 silencing. Importantly, MEK inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor decreased the expression of cell cycle regulators, and repressed estrogen-induced and G1-driven promotion of cell proliferation, suggesting that estrogen regulated cell proliferation of gMECs through mechanisms involving cell cycle, dependent of GPR30 and MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This may provide a strong theoretical basis for researching estrogen sustained-release drugs promoting breast development and improving lactation performance.Abbreviations: gMECs, goat mammary epithelial cells; E2, 17β-estradiol; GPR30, G protein-coupled receptor 30; shRNA, small hairpin RNA; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT, proteinkinase B; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Lokossou GAG, Kouakanou L, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849012. [PMID: 35450064 PMCID: PMC9016618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the human breast milk (HBM) composition. Breast milk components such as, non-immune and immune cells and bioactive molecules, namely, cytokines/chemokines, lipids, hormones, and enzymes reportedly play many roles in breastfed newborns and in mothers, by diseases protection and shaping the immune system of the newborn. Bioactive components in HBM are also involved in tolerance and appropriate inflammatory response of breastfed infants if necessary. This review summarizes the current literature on the relationship between mother and her infant through breast milk with regard to disease protection. We will shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the roles of breast milk components in the maintenance of health of both child and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien A. G. Lokossou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Department Human Biology Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Lepucki A, Orlińska K, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kabut J, Olczyk P, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051250. [PMID: 35268340 PMCID: PMC8911242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a structure composed of many molecules, including fibrillar (types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII) and non-fibrillar collagens (mainly basement membrane collagens: types IV, VIII, X), non-collagenous glycoproteins (elastin, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin, osteopontin, osteonectin, entactin, periostin) embedded in a gel of negatively charged water-retaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated GAGs which are linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PGs). This highly dynamic molecular network provides critical biochemical and biomechanical cues that mediate the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, influence cell growth, migration and differentiation and serve as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors’ action. The breakdown of normal ECM and its replacement with tumor ECM modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and is an essential part of tumorigenesis and metastasis, acting as key driver for malignant progression. Abnormal ECM also deregulate behavior of stromal cells as well as facilitating tumor-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. Thus, the tumor matrix modulates each of the classically defined hallmarks of cancer promoting the growth, survival and invasion of the cancer. Moreover, various ECM-derived components modulate the immune response affecting T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). This review article considers the role that extracellular matrix play in breast cancer. Determining the detailed connections between the ECM and cellular processes has helped to identify novel disease markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Lepucki
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kabut
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Twigger AJ, Engelbrecht LK, Bach K, Schultz-Pernice I, Pensa S, Stenning J, Petricca S, Scheel CH, Khaled WT. Transcriptional changes in the mammary gland during lactation revealed by single cell sequencing of cells from human milk. Nat Commun 2022; 13:562. [PMID: 35091553 PMCID: PMC8799659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the most significant expansion and differentiation of the adult mammary gland occurs in response to systemic reproductive hormones during pregnancy and lactation to enable milk synthesis and secretion to sustain the offspring. However, human mammary tissue remodelling that takes place during pregnancy and lactation remains poorly understood due to the challenge of acquiring samples. We report here single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 110,744 viable breast cells isolated from human milk or non-lactating breast tissue, isolated from nine and seven donors, respectively. We found that human milk largely contains epithelial cells belonging to the luminal lineage and a repertoire of immune cells. Further transcriptomic analysis of the milk cells identified two distinct secretory cell types that shared similarities with luminal progenitors, but no populations comparable to hormone-responsive cells. Taken together, our data offers a reference map and a window into the cellular dynamics that occur during human lactation and may provide further insights on the interplay between pregnancy, lactation and breast cancer. Human mammary tissue remodelling that takes place during pregnancy and lactation remains poorly understood. Here the authors characterize cells in human milk, identifying epithelial cells resembling luminal progenitors and immune cells, contributing insights into this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia-Jane Twigger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. .,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, England. .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lisa K Engelbrecht
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Bach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, England
| | | | - Sara Pensa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, England
| | - Jack Stenning
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, England
| | - Stefania Petricca
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina H Scheel
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Walid T Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. .,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, England.
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37
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Douglas P. Re-thinking benign inflammation of the lactating breast: A mechanobiological model. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455065221075907. [PMID: 35156466 PMCID: PMC8848036 DOI: 10.1177/17455065221075907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother, clinical support for problems such as inflammation of the lactating breast remains a research frontier. Breast pain associated with inflammation is a common reason for premature weaning. Multiple diagnoses are used for inflammatory conditions of the lactating breast, such as engorgement, blocked ducts, phlegmon, mammary candidiasis, subacute mastitis, mastitis and white spots, which lack agreed or evidence-based aetiology, definitions and treatment. This is the first in a series of three articles which review the research literature concerning benign lactation-related breast inflammation. This article investigates aetiological models. A complex systems perspective is applied to analyse heterogeneous and interdisciplinary evidence elucidating the functional anatomy and physiology of the lactating breast; the mammary immune system, including the human milk microbiome and cellular composition; the effects of mechanical forces during lactation; and the interactions between these. This analysis gives rise to a mechanobiological model of breast inflammation, in which very high intra-alveolar and intra-ductal pressures are hypothesized to strain or rupture the tight junctions between lactocytes and ductal epithelial cells, triggering inflammatory cascades and capillary dilation. Resultant elevation of stromal tension exerts pressure on lactiferous ducts, worsening intraluminal backpressure. Rising leucocyte and epithelial cell counts in the milk and alterations in the milk microbiome are signs that the mammary immune system is recruiting mechanisms to downregulate inflammatory feedback loops. From a complex systems perspective, the key mechanism for the prevention or treatment of breast inflammation is avoidance of excessively high intra-alveolar and intra-ductal pressures, which prevents a critical mass of mechanical strain and rupture of the tight junctions between lactocytes and ductal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Douglas
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Possums & Co., Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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38
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Zelasko SM, O’Steen B, Parker E, Kilgore M, Scheel JR. Formalized Radiologic-Pathologic Curriculum in Breast Imaging for Breast Imaging Fellows and Residents: how we do it. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-021-00440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koch MK, Murekatete B, Hutmacher DW, Haupt LM, Bray LJ. Label-free isolation and cultivation of patient-matched human mammary epithelial and stromal cells from normal breast tissue. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151187. [PMID: 34837767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is primarily derived from mammary epithelial cells, the main cell type in human mammary glands. The majority of knowledge gained thus far around breast cancer has come from research using immortalized epithelial cell lines. The use of primary cells derived from breast tissue can be used in research to provide more biological relevance representative of the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer development and metastasis in its natural microenvironment. However, the successful isolation and propagation of human primary mammary gland cells can be costly and difficult due to their complex in vivo microenvironment and sensitivity when isolated. Here, we present a gentle isolation method for viable human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs) and donor-matched human mammary fibroblasts (hMFbs) from human mammary gland tissue. We isolated, expanded and passaged the hMECs and hMFbs in vitro and characterized cultures using cell-specific markers. A total of four primary cell lines were isolated and established from normal breast tissue and characterized through various markers, including pan cytokeratin (panCK), CK14, CD44, CD31, fibronectin and vimentin by immunofluorescence. To determine functional potential for subsequent studies, epithelial cells were examined via Matrigel® assays to assess spheroid development. Both cell type cultures expressed lineage specific markers with hMECs but not hMFbs forming spheroid structures in 3D Matrigel® assays. Our analyses confirm the successful isolation of two different cell phenotypes from normal breast tissues. This robust technique provides an inexpensive and accessible approach for mammary cell isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Koch
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical. Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Berline Murekatete
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical. Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical. Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Laura J Bray
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical. Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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40
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Conaway EM, O'Donnell AE. Osteopathic considerations for breastfeeding women. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:805-811. [PMID: 34256422 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive benefits of breastfeeding have been identified and although many women initiate breastfeeding, discontinuation is common when problems arise. In this article, the authors review the pertinent anatomy of the breast with osteopathic considerations to help osteopathic physicians identify myofascial, vascular, lymphatic, or innervation somatic dysfunctions to support the breastfeeding mothers' long term breastfeeding goals, optimize breastmilk supply, and potentially prevent or treat problems that could interfere with lactation. Observations from the authors' academic mother-baby osteopathic manipulation clinic are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Conaway
- AdventHealth Family Medicine Residency in East Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Arlene E O'Donnell
- AdventHealth Family Medicine Residency in East Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA
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41
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Moccia C, Haase K. Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip-Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694218. [PMID: 34249889 PMCID: PMC8261144 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Rahmani-Moghadam E, Zarrin V, Mahmoodzadeh A, Owrang M, Talaei-Khozani T. Comparison of the Characteristics of Breast Milk-derived Stem Cells with the Stem Cells Derived from the Other Sources: A Comparative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:71-90. [PMID: 34161214 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210622125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BrM) not only supplies nutrition, but it also contains a diverse population of cells. It has been estimated that up to 6% of the cells in human milk possess the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Available data also indicate that these cells are multipotent and capable of self-renewal and differentiation with other cells. In this review, we have compared different characteristics, such as CD markers, differentiation capacity, and morphology of stem cells, derived from human breast milk (hBr-MSC) with human bone marrow (hBMSC), Wharton's jelly (WJMSC), and human adipose tissue (hADMSC). Through the literature review, it was revealed that human breast milk-derived stem cells specifically express a group of cell surface markers, including CD14, CD31, CD45, and CD86. Importantly, a group of markers, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166, were identified, which were common in the four sources of stem cells. WJMSC, hBMSC, hADMSC, and hBr-MSC are potently able to differentiate into the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm cell lineages. The ability of hBr-MSCs todifferentiate into the neural stem cells, neurons, adipocyte, hepatocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte, and cardiomyocytes has made these cells a promising source of stem cells in regenerative medicine, while isolation of stem cells from the commonly used sources, such as bone marrow, requires invasive procedures. Although autologous breast milk-derived stem cells are an accessible source for women who are in the lactation period, breast milk can be considered as a source of stem cells with high differentiation potential without any ethical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani-Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zarrin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzieh Owrang
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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43
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Colleluori G, Perugini J, Barbatelli G, Cinti S. Mammary gland adipocytes in lactation cycle, obesity and breast cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:241-255. [PMID: 33751362 PMCID: PMC8087566 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG's proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG's adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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44
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Abstract
An understanding of the anatomy, histology, and development of the equine mammary gland underpins study of the pathology of diseases including galactorrhoea, agalactia, mastitis, and mammary tumour development. This review examines the prenatal development of the equine mammary gland and the striking degree to which the tissue undergoes postnatal development associated with the reproductive cycle. The gland is characterised by epithelial structures arranged in terminal duct lobular units, similar to those of the human breast, supported by distinct zones of intra- and interlobular collagenous stroma. Mastitis and mammary carcinomas are two of the most frequently described equine mammary pathologies and have an overlap in associated clinical signs. Mastitis is most frequently associated with bacterial aetiologies, particularly Streptococcus spp., and knowledge of the process of post-lactational regression can be applied to preventative husbandry strategies. Equine mammary tumours are rare and carry a poor prognosis in many cases. Recent studies have used mammosphere assays to reveal novel insights into the identification and potential behaviour of mammary stem/progenitor cell populations. These suggest that mammospheres derived from equine cells have different growth dynamics compared to those from other species. In parallel with studying the equine mammary gland in order to advance knowledge of equine mammary disease at the interface of basic and clinical science, there is a need to better understand equine lactational biology. This is driven in part by the recognition of the potential value of horse and donkey milk for human consumption, particularly donkey milk in children with 'Cow Milk Protein Allergy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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45
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Kam RL, Bernhardt SM, Ingman WV, Amir LH. Modern, exogenous exposures associated with altered mammary gland development: A systematic review. Early Hum Dev 2021; 156:105342. [PMID: 33711581 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many women report low milk supply as the reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Altered mammary gland development may impact a woman's lactation ability. OBJECTIVE This review identifies modern exogenous exposures which alter mammary gland development during embryonic life, puberty and pregnancy. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken whereby Medline, CINAHL and Embase articles published from January 1, 2005 to November 20, 2020 were searched using the keywords puberty or embry* or fetal or foetal or foetus or fetus or pregnan* or gestation* AND "mammary gland development" or "breast development" or "mammary development" or "mammary gland function" or "mammary function" or "insufficient glandular tissue" or "mammary hypoplasia" or "breast hypoplasia" or "mammary gland hypoplasia" or "tubular breast*" or "tuberous breast*" or "glandular tissue" or "breast composition" or "mammary composition" or "mammary gland composition". After initial screening of 1207 records, 60 full texts were assessed for eligibility; 6 were excluded due to lack of information about exposure or outcome, leaving 54 studies. RESULTS The review included results from 52 animal (rats and mice, monkeys, rabbits, sheep, goats pigs and cows) and 2 human studies. Various endocrine disrupting chemicals and an obesogenic diet were found to be associated with altered mammary gland morphology during key development stages. CONCLUSIONS To improve lactation outcomes, future studies need to focus on lactation as the endpoint and be conducted in a standardised manner to allow for a more significant contribution to the literature that allows for better comparison across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee L Kam
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa H Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ventrella D, Ashkenazi N, Elmi A, Allegaert K, Aniballi C, DeLise A, Devine PJ, Smits A, Steiner L, Forni M, Bouisset-Leonard M, Bacci ML. Animal Models for In Vivo Lactation Studies: Anatomy, Physiology and Milk Compositions in the Most Used Non-Clinical Species: A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030714. [PMID: 33808012 PMCID: PMC7998628 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nowadays, the importance of breastfeeding has been very well recognized not only by the scientific world but also by public opinion. Such awareness has nonetheless put a lot of pressure on women under chronic pharmacological medication, or that simply need to alleviate common post-partum health issues, due to the lack of scientific data regarding the potential transfer to the offspring during lactation. In such a scenario, the ConcePTION project aims at creating a trusted ecosystem that can efficiently generate and disseminate reliable evidence-based information regarding the effects of medications used during pregnancy and breastfeeding to women and their healthcare providers. Due to the need for a reliable animal species to obtain scientific data, the present review summarizes the main features contributing to the lactation process in the most commonly used laboratory animal species. Abstract The present review aims to summarize the main features of mammary gland anatomy, and the physiology of lactation and colostrum/milk in the most commonly used animal species for regulatory toxicity. The final goal is the selection of a preferred animal species to be enrolled in studies investigating the potential transfer of drugs and exogenous molecules through milk, within the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) funded project ConcePTION. Reference data regarding humans were also collected and analyzed in order to highlight critical similarities and differences with the studied species. Additional practical considerations were also taken into account, such as ethical consideration regarding the chosen species which affects the group size, financial implications and technical feasibility of lactation trials (e.g., ease of sampling, volume of sampling, husbandry requirements and scientific recognition). In conclusion, the present analysis of the literature confirms the complexity of the decisional process behind the choice of an animal model for in vivo trials. For some of the evaluated species, data were either poor or missing, highlighting the necessity to generate more physiological background studies for species that are routinely used in laboratory settings. Overall, when taking into consideration ethical factors, feasible group size, milk volume and ease of milk collection, and physiological similarities with humans, minipigs seem to represent the most appropriate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Nurit Ashkenazi
- Global Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Netanya 42504, Israel; (N.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2097923
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camilla Aniballi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Anthony DeLise
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA;
| | - Patrick John Devine
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Anne Smits
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (K.A.); (A.S.)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lilach Steiner
- Global Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Netanya 42504, Israel; (N.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
| | | | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emlia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (D.V.); (C.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.B.)
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Abstract
Although half the world's population will develop breasts, there is limited research documenting breast structure or motion. Understanding breast structure and motion, however, is imperative for numerous applications, such as breast reconstruction, breast modeling to better diagnose and treat breast pathologies, and designing effective sports bras. To be impactful, future breast biomechanics research needs to fill gaps in our knowledge, particularly related to breast composition and density, and to improve methods to accurately measure the complexities of three-dimensional breast motion. These methods should then be used to investigate breast biomechanics while individuals, who represent the full spectrum of women in the population, participate in a broad range of activities of daily living and recreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E McGhee
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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48
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Banani MA, Rahmatullah M, Farhan N, Hancox Z, Yousaf S, Arabpour Z, Moghaddam ZS, Mozafari M, Sefat F. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2021; 16:47-70. [PMID: 33533667 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an escalating incidence of breast cancer cases all over the world and the deleterious psychological impact that mastectomy has on patients along with several limitations of the currently applied modalities, it's plausible to seek unconventional approaches to encounter such a burgeoning issue. Breast tissue engineering may allow that chance via providing more personalized solutions which are able to regenerate, mimicking natural tissues also facing the witnessed limitations. This review is dedicated to explore the utilization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration among postmastectomy cases focusing on biomaterials and cellular aspects in terms of harvesting, isolation, differentiation and new tissue formation as well as scaffolds types, properties, material-host interaction and an in vitro breast tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Banani
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Nawras Farhan
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Zoe Hancox
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Safiyya Yousaf
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zohreh Arabpour
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Zoha Salehi Moghaddam
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical & Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (IRC Polymer), University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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49
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Barba D, León-Sosa A, Lugo P, Suquillo D, Torres F, Surre F, Trojman L, Caicedo A. Breast cancer, screening and diagnostic tools: All you need to know. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103174. [PMID: 33249359 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women worldwide. Methods for screening and diagnosis allow health care professionals to provide personalized treatments that improve the outcome and survival. Scientists and physicians are working side-by-side to develop evidence-based guidelines and equipment to detect cancer earlier. However, the lack of comprehensive interdisciplinary information and understanding between biomedical, medical, and technology professionals makes innovation of new screening and diagnosis tools difficult. This critical review gathers, for the first time, information concerning normal breast and cancer biology, established and emerging methods for screening and diagnosis, staging and grading, molecular and genetic biomarkers. Our purpose is to address key interdisciplinary information about these methods for physicians and scientists. Only the multidisciplinary interaction and communication between scientists, health care professionals, technical experts and patients will lead to the development of better detection tools and methods for an improved screening and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barba
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ariana León-Sosa
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paulina Lugo
- Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador; Fundación Ayuda Familiar y Comunitaria AFAC, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suquillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Ingeniería en Procesos Biotecnológicos, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Torres
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Hospital de los Valles HDLV, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Frederic Surre
- University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Trojman
- LISITE, Isep, 75006, Paris, France; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías Politécnico - USFQ, Instituto de Micro y Nanoelectrónica, IMNE, USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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50
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Abstract
More systematic breast biomechanics research and better translation of the research outcomes are necessary to provide information upon which to design better sports bras and to develop effective evidence-based strategies to alleviate exercise-induced breast pain for women who want to participate in physical activity in comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E McGhee
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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