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Peebles KE, LaFever KS, Page-McCaw PS, Colon S, Wang D, Stricker AM, Ferrell N, Bhave G, Page-McCaw A. Peroxidasin is required for full viability in development and for maintenance of tissue mechanics in adults. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:1-11. [PMID: 38000777 PMCID: PMC11108054 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin strong sheets of extracellular matrix. They provide mechanical and biochemical support to epithelia, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, among other tissues. The mechanical properties of basement membranes are conferred in part by Collagen IV (Col4), an abundant protein of basement membranes that forms an extensive two-dimensional network through head-to-head and tail-to-tail interactions. After the Col4 network is assembled into a basement membrane, it is crosslinked by the matrix-resident enzyme Peroxidasin to form a large covalent polymer. Peroxidasin and Col4 crosslinking are highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom, indicating they are important, but homozygous mutant mice have mild phenotypes. To explore the role of Peroxidasin, we analyzed mutants in Drosophila, including a new CRISPR-generated catalytic null, and found that homozygotes were mostly lethal with 13 % viable escapers. Mouse mutants also show semi-lethality, with Mendelian analysis demonstrating ∼50 % lethality and ∼50 % escapers. Despite the strong mutations, the homozygous fly and mouse escapers had low but detectable levels of Col4 crosslinking, indicating the existence of inefficient alternative crosslinking mechanisms, probably responsible for the viable escapers. Fly mutant phenotypes are consistent with decreased basement membrane stiffness. Interestingly, we found that even after basement membranes are assembled and crosslinked in wild-type animals, continuing Peroxidasin activity is required in adults to maintain tissue stiffness over time. These results suggest that Peroxidasin crosslinking may be more important than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elkie Peebles
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly S LaFever
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Patrick S Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Selene Colon
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Aubrie M Stricker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Andrea Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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Paumann-Page M, Obinger C, Winterbourn CC, Furtmüller PG. Peroxidasin Inhibition by Phloroglucinol and Other Peroxidase Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 38275643 PMCID: PMC10812467 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human peroxidasin (PXDN) is a ubiquitous peroxidase enzyme expressed in most tissues in the body. PXDN represents an interesting therapeutic target for inhibition, as it plays a role in numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and fibrosis. Like other peroxidases, PXDN generates hypohalous acids and free radical species, thereby facilitating oxidative modifications of numerous biomolecules. We have studied the inhibition of PXDN halogenation and peroxidase activity by phloroglucinol and 14 other peroxidase inhibitors. Although a number of compounds on their own potently inhibited PXDN halogenation activity, only five were effective in the presence of a peroxidase substrate with IC50 values in the low μM range. Using sequential stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we examined the mechanisms of inhibition for several compounds. Phloroglucinol was the most potent inhibitor with a nanomolar IC50 for purified PXDN and IC50 values of 0.95 μM and 1.6 μM for the inhibition of hypobromous acid (HOBr)-mediated collagen IV cross-linking in a decellularized extracellular matrix and a cell culture model. Other compounds were less effective in these models. Most interestingly, phloroglucinol was identified to irreversibly inhibit PXDN, either by mechanism-based inhibition or tight binding. Our work has highlighted phloroglucinol as a promising lead compound for the design of highly specific PXDN inhibitors and the assays used in this study provide a suitable approach for high-throughput screening of PXDN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- Mātai Hāora Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christian Obinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christine C. Winterbourn
- Mātai Hāora Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;
| | - Paul G. Furtmüller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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Gislefoss E, Abdelrahim Gamil AA, Øvergård AC, Evensen Ø. Identification and characterization of two salmon louse heme peroxidases and their potential as vaccine antigens. iScience 2023; 26:107991. [PMID: 37854698 PMCID: PMC10579435 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, represents major challenge for salmon farming. Current treatments impose welfare issues and are costly, whereas prophylactic measures are unavailable. Two salmon louse heme peroxidases (LsPxtl-1 and LsPxtl-2) were tested for their importance for parasite development and as potential vaccine candidates. LsPxtl-1 possesses two heme peroxidase domains and is expressed in ovaries and gut, whereas LsPxtl-2 encodes one domain and contains N-terminal signal peptide and an Eph receptor ligand-binding domain. LsPxtl-1, but not LsPxtl-2, knockdown in nauplius II stage caused poor swimming and death, indicating its importance for parasite development. Immunizations using single DNA plasmid injection encoding the peroxidases or heterologous prime (DNA) and boost (recombinant LsPxtl-2 protein) gave non-significant reduction in lice numbers. Single injection gave low specific antibody levels compared with the prime-boost. The findings suggest LsPxtl-1 is important for parasite development but formulations and vaccination modalities used did not significantly reduce lice infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gislefoss
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Sea Lice Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amr Ahmed Abdelrahim Gamil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Sea Lice Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aina-Cathrine Øvergård
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Sea Lice Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Sea Lice Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Arnhold J, Malle E. Halogenation Activity of Mammalian Heme Peroxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050890. [PMID: 35624754 PMCID: PMC9138014 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian heme peroxidases are fascinating due to their unique peculiarity of oxidizing (pseudo)halides under physiologically relevant conditions. These proteins are able either to incorporate oxidized halides into substrates adjacent to the active site or to generate different oxidized (pseudo)halogenated species, which can take part in multiple (pseudo)halogenation and oxidation reactions with cell and tissue constituents. The present article reviews basic biochemical and redox mechanisms of (pseudo)halogenation activity as well as the physiological role of heme peroxidases. Thyroid peroxidase and peroxidasin are key enzymes for thyroid hormone synthesis and the formation of functional cross-links in collagen IV during basement membrane formation. Special attention is directed to the properties, enzymatic mechanisms, and resulting (pseudo)halogenated products of the immunologically relevant proteins such as myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase. The potential role of the (pseudo)halogenated products (hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, hypothiocyanite, and cyanate) of these three heme peroxidases is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.A.); or (E.M.)
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Sojoodi M, Erstad DJ, Barrett SC, Salloum S, Zhu S, Qian T, Colon S, Gale EM, Jordan VC, Wang Y, Li S, Ataeinia B, Jalilifiroozinezhad S, Lanuti M, Zukerberg L, Caravan P, Hoshida Y, Chung RT, Bhave G, Lauer GM, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK. Peroxidasin Deficiency Re-programs Macrophages Toward Pro-fibrolysis Function and Promotes Collagen Resolution in Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1483-1509. [PMID: 35093588 PMCID: PMC9043497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS During liver fibrosis, tissue repair mechanisms replace necrotic tissue with highly stabilized extracellular matrix proteins. Extracellular matrix stabilization influences the speed of tissue recovery. Here, we studied the expression and function of peroxidasin (PXDN), a peroxidase that uses hydrogen peroxide to cross-link collagen IV during liver fibrosis progression and regression. METHODS Mouse models of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis patients were analyzed for the expression of PXDN in liver and serum. Pxdn-/- and Pxdn+/+ mice were either treated with carbon tetrachloride for 6 weeks to generate toxin-induced fibrosis or fed with a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet for 16 weeks to create nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis. Liver histology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, collagen content, flowcytometry and immunostaining of immune cells, RNA-sequencing, and liver function tests were analyzed. In vivo imaging of liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed using a redox-active iron complex, Fe-PyC3A. RESULTS In human and mouse cirrhotic tissue, PXDN is expressed by stellate cells and is secreted into fibrotic areas. In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, serum levels of PXDN increased significantly. In both mouse models of liver fibrosis, PXDN deficiency resulted in elevated monocyte and pro-fibrolysis macrophage recruitment into fibrotic bands and caused decreased accumulation of cross-linked collagens. In Pxdn-/- mice, collagen fibers were loosely organized, an atypical phenotype that is reversible upon macrophage depletion. Elevated ROS in Pxdn-/- livers was observed, which can result in activation of hypoxic signaling cascades and may affect signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization such as TNF-a via NF-kB. Fibrosis resolution in Pxdn-/- mice was associated with significant decrease in collagen content and improved liver function. CONCLUSION PXDN deficiency is associated with increased ROS levels and a hypoxic liver microenvironment that can regulate recruitment and programming of pro-resolution macrophages. Our data implicate the importance of the liver microenvironment in macrophage programming during liver fibrosis and suggest a novel pathway that is involved in the resolution of scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen C. Barrett
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shadi Salloum
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shijia Zhu
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tongqi Qian
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Selene Colon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence Zukerberg
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute for Innovation in Imaging (i3), Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons 22 Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Georg M. Lauer
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Kenneth K. Tanabe, Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114. tel: (617) 724-3868.
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7
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Paumann-Page M, Kienzl NF, Motwani J, Bathish B, Paton LN, Magon NJ, Sevcnikar B, Furtmüller PG, Traxlmayr MW, Obinger C, Eccles MR, Winterbourn CC. Peroxidasin protein expression and enzymatic activity in metastatic melanoma cell lines are associated with invasive potential. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102090. [PMID: 34438259 PMCID: PMC8390535 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidasin, a heme peroxidase, has been shown to play a role in cancer progression. mRNA expression has been reported to be upregulated in metastatic melanoma cell lines and connected to the invasive phenotype, but little is known about how peroxidasin acts in cancer cells. We have analyzed peroxidasin protein expression and activity in eight metastatic melanoma cell lines using an ELISA developed with an in-house peroxidasin binding protein. RNAseq data analysis confirmed high peroxidasin mRNA expression in the five cell lines classified as invasive and low expression in the three non-invasive cell lines. Protein levels of peroxidasin were higher in the cell lines with an invasive phenotype. Active peroxidasin was secreted to the cell culture medium, where it accumulated over time, and peroxidasin protein levels in the medium were also much higher in invasive than non-invasive cell lines. The only well-established physiological role of peroxidasin is in the formation of a sulfilimine bond, which cross-links collagen IV in basement membranes via catalyzed oxidation of bromide to hypobromous acid. We found that peroxidasin secreted from melanoma cells formed sulfilimine bonds in uncross-linked collagen IV, confirming peroxidasin activity and hypobromous acid formation. Moreover, 3-bromotyrosine, a stable product of hypobromous acid reacting with tyrosine residues, was detected in invasive melanoma cells, substantiating that their expression of peroxidasin generates hypobromous acid, and showing that it does not exclusively react with collagen IV, but also with other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Nikolaus F Kienzl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jyoti Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Boushra Bathish
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise N Paton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mike R Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Dutt M, Ng YK, Molendijk J, Karimkhanloo H, Liao L, Blazev R, Montgomery MK, Watt MJ, Parker BL. Western Diet Induced Remodelling of the Tongue Proteome. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9020022. [PMID: 34066295 PMCID: PMC8163156 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue is a heavily innervated and vascularized striated muscle that plays an important role in vocalization, swallowing and digestion. The surface of the tongue is lined with papillae which contain gustatory cells expressing various taste receptors. There is growing evidence to suggest that our perceptions of taste and food preference are remodelled following chronic consumption of Western diets rich in carbohydrate and fats. Our sensitivity to taste and also to metabolising Western diets may be a key factor in the rising prevalence of obesity; however, a systems-wide analysis of the tongue is lacking. Here, we defined the proteomic landscape of the mouse tongue and quantified changes following chronic consumption of a chow or Western diet enriched in lipid, fructose and cholesterol for 7 months. We observed a dramatic remodelling of the tongue proteome including proteins that regulate fatty acid and mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, the expressions of several receptors, metabolic enzymes and hormones were differentially regulated, and are likely to provide novel therapeutic targets to alter taste perception and food preference to combat obesity.
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Myeloperoxidase: Mechanisms, reactions and inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase participates in innate immune defense mechanism through formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants and diffusible radical species. A unique activity is its ability to use chloride as a cosubstrate with hydrogen peroxide to generate chlorinating oxidants such as hypochlorous acid, a potent antimicrobial agent. However, chronic MPO activation can lead to indiscriminate protein modification causing tissue damage, and has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and acute cardiovascular events. This has attracted considerable interest in the development of therapeutically useful MPO inhibitors. Today, based on the profound knowledge of structure and function of MPO and its biochemical and biophysical differences with the other homologous human peroxidases, various rational and high-throughput screening attempts were performed in developing specific irreversible and reversible inhibitors. The most prominent candidates as well as MPO inhibitors already studied in clinical trials are introduced and discussed.
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11
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Ma CP, Guo ZM, Zhang FL, Su JY. Molecular identification, expression and function analysis of peroxidasin in Chilo suppressalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1173-1185. [PMID: 31829500 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidasin plays a unique role in the formation and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the animal kingdom; however, it was only characterized in Diptera, not in other insect orders. In this study peroxidasin (CsPxd) was first identified and characterized from Chilo suppressalis, a lepidopteran pest. CsPxd complementary DNA with a 4080 bp open reading frame encodes a peptide of 1359 amino acids; the derived amino acid sequence of CsPxd harbors the typical structural characteristics of peroxidasin family in heme-peroxidase superfamily, including the signal peptide at N-terminal, leucine-rich repeat domain, Ig-loop motifs and peroxidase domain, signifying the extracellular location of protein and the involvement in ECM formation. Eukaryotic expression reveals CsPxd protein displays peroxidase activity on H2 O2 , justifying the membership of peroxidase. Phyletic analysis shows the monophyletic evolution pattern of peroxidasin in insect phyle, and moreover only one peroxidasin is present in each species of insects, suggesting its evolutionary conservation on function. Peroxidasin messenger RNA is mainly expressed in egg and the final instar larvae stage. Injection of peroxidasin double-stranded RNA into the final instar larvae impacts the cuticle sclerotization during the metamorphosis from larvae to pupa, and eventually lead to lethality of larvae and pupa. These results suggest the presence of collagen crosslink in chorion and cuticle of insects, and indicate peroxidasin plays a role in the development of chorion and cuticle; furthermore peroxidasin might be the one of potential target genes for pest control using RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Mu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ya Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Rotenberg D, Baumann AA, Ben-Mahmoud S, Christiaens O, Dermauw W, Ioannidis P, Jacobs CGC, Vargas Jentzsch IM, Oliver JE, Poelchau MF, Rajarapu SP, Schneweis DJ, Snoeck S, Taning CNT, Wei D, Widana Gamage SMK, Hughes DST, Murali SC, Bailey ST, Bejerman NE, Holmes CJ, Jennings EC, Rosendale AJ, Rosselot A, Hervey K, Schneweis BA, Cheng S, Childers C, Simão FA, Dietzgen RG, Chao H, Dinh H, Doddapaneni HV, Dugan S, Han Y, Lee SL, Muzny DM, Qu J, Worley KC, Benoit JB, Friedrich M, Jones JW, Panfilio KA, Park Y, Robertson HM, Smagghe G, Ullman DE, van der Zee M, Van Leeuwen T, Veenstra JA, Waterhouse RM, Weirauch MT, Werren JH, Whitfield AE, Zdobnov EM, Gibbs RA, Richards S. Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests. BMC Biol 2020; 18:142. [PMID: 33070780 PMCID: PMC7570057 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on a wide array of food, fiber, and ornamental crops. The underlying genetic mechanisms of the processes governing thrips pest and vector biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, and insecticide resistance are largely unknown. To address this gap, we present the F. occidentalis draft genome assembly and official gene set. RESULTS We report on the first genome sequence for any member of the insect order Thysanoptera. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) assessments of the genome assembly (size = 415.8 Mb, scaffold N50 = 948.9 kb) revealed a relatively complete and well-annotated assembly in comparison to other insect genomes. The genome is unusually GC-rich (50%) compared to other insect genomes to date. The official gene set (OGS v1.0) contains 16,859 genes, of which ~ 10% were manually verified and corrected by our consortium. We focused on manual annotation, phylogenetic, and expression evidence analyses for gene sets centered on primary themes in the life histories and activities of plant-colonizing insects. Highlights include the following: (1) divergent clades and large expansions in genes associated with environmental sensing (chemosensory receptors) and detoxification (CYP4, CYP6, and CCE enzymes) of substances encountered in agricultural environments; (2) a comprehensive set of salivary gland genes supported by enriched expression; (3) apparent absence of members of the IMD innate immune defense pathway; and (4) developmental- and sex-specific expression analyses of genes associated with progression from larvae to adulthood through neometaboly, a distinct form of maturation differing from either incomplete or complete metamorphosis in the Insecta. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the F. occidentalis genome offers insights into the polyphagous behavior of this insect pest that finds, colonizes, and survives on a widely diverse array of plants. The genomic resources presented here enable a more complete analysis of insect evolution and biology, providing a missing taxon for contemporary insect genomics-based analyses. Our study also offers a genomic benchmark for molecular and evolutionary investigations of other Thysanoptera species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Aaron A Baumann
- Virology Section, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, A239 VTH, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sulley Ben-Mahmoud
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Olivier Christiaens
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chris G C Jacobs
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M Vargas Jentzsch
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan E Oliver
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31793-5737, USA
| | | | - Swapna Priya Rajarapu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Derek J Schneweis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Simon Snoeck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Clauvis N T Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dong Wei
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel S T Hughes
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha C Murali
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samuel T Bailey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Andrew J Rosendale
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
- Department of Biology, Mount St. Joseph University, Cincinnati, OH, 45233, USA
| | - Andrew Rosselot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Kaylee Hervey
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Brandi A Schneweis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Sammy Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | | | - Felipe A Simão
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hsu Chao
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harsha Vardhan Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Dugan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandra L Lee
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kim C Worley
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jeffery W Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Kristen A Panfilio
- Institute for Zoology: Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diane E Ullman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan A Veenstra
- INCIA UMR 5287 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Richards
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Kakani P, Gupta L, Kumar S. Heme-Peroxidase 2, a Peroxinectin-Like Gene, Regulates Bacterial Homeostasis in Anopheles stephensi Midgut. Front Physiol 2020; 11:572340. [PMID: 33013485 PMCID: PMC7506126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.572340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of mosquito gut microbiome is associated with different stages of development and feeding behaviors. Therefore, mosquito gut harbors a wide range of endogenous microbes that promote numerous life processes such as, nutrition, reproduction and immunity. In addition, gut microbiota also play an important role in the regulation of Plasmodium (malaria parasite) development. Thus, understanding the mechanism of microbial homeostasis in mosquito gut might be one of the strategies to manipulate malaria parasite development. In the present study, we characterized a 692 amino acids long secreted midgut heme-peroxidase 2 (AsHPX2) in Anopheles stephensi, the major Indian malaria vector. The presence of putative integrin binding motifs, LDV (Leu-Asp-Val), indicated its peroxinectin-like nature. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsHPX2 is a Culicinae lineage-specific gene. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of AsHPX2 gene significantly enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria in sugar-fed mosquitoes against sham-treated controls. Interestingly, blood-feeding drastically reduced AsHPX2 gene expression and enhanced the growth of midgut bacteria. These results revealed a negative correlation between the expression of AsHPX2 gene and gut bacterial growth. We proposed that AsHPX2, being a mosquito-specific gene, might serve as a "potent target" to manipulate midgut microbiota and vector competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parik Kakani
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India
| | - Lalita Gupta
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India.,Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Molecular Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, India
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14
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Bathish B, Paumann-Page M, Paton LN, Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC. Peroxidasin mediates bromination of tyrosine residues in the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12697-12705. [PMID: 32675287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidasin is a heme peroxidase that oxidizes bromide to hypobromous acid (HOBr), a powerful oxidant that promotes the formation of the sulfilimine crosslink in collagen IV in basement membranes. We investigated whether HOBr released by peroxidasin leads to other oxidative modifications of proteins, particularly bromination of tyrosine residues, in peroxidasin-expressing PFHR9 cells. Using stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS, we detected the formation of 3-bromotyrosine, a specific biomarker of HOBr-mediated protein modification. The level of 3-bromotyrosine in extracellular matrix proteins from normally cultured cells was 1.1 mmol/mol tyrosine and decreased significantly in the presence of the peroxidasin inhibitor, phloroglucinol. A negligible amount of 3-bromotyrosine was detected in peroxidasin-knockout cells. 3-Bromotyrosine formed both during cell growth in culture and in the isolated decellularized extracellular matrix when embedded peroxidasin was supplied with hydrogen peroxide and bromide. The level of 3-bromotyrosine was significantly higher in extracellular matrix than intracellular proteins, although a low amount was detected intracellularly. 3-Bromotyrosine levels increased with higher bromide concentrations and decreased in the presence of physiological concentrations of thiocyanate and urate. However, these peroxidase substrates showed moderate to minimal inhibition of collagen IV crosslinking. Our findings provide evidence that peroxidasin promotes the formation of 3-bromotyrosine in proteins. They show that HOBr produced by peroxidasin is selective for, but not limited to, the crosslinking of collagen IV. Based on our findings, the use of 3-bromotyrosine as a specific biomarker of oxidative damage by HOBr warrants further investigation in clinical conditions linked to high peroxidasin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise N Paton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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15
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The leucine-rich repeat domain of human peroxidasin 1 promotes binding to laminin in basement membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108443. [PMID: 32485152 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human peroxidasin 1 (PXDN) is a homotrimeric multidomain heme peroxidase and essential for tissue development and architecture. It has a biosynthetic function and catalyses the hypobromous acid-mediated formation of specific covalent sulfilimine (SN) bonds, which cross-link type IV collagen chains in basement membranes. Currently, it is unknown whether and which domain(s) [i.e. leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR), immunoglobulin domains, peroxidase domain, von Willebrand factor type C domain] of PXDN interact with the polymeric networks of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and how these interactions integrate and regulate the enzyme's cross-linking activity, without imparting oxidative damage to the ECM. In this study, we probed the interactions of four PXDN constructs with different domain compositions with components of a basement membrane extract by immunoprecipitation. Strong binding of the LRR-containing construct was detected with the major ECM protein laminin. Analysis of these interactions by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy revealed similar kinetics and affinities of binding of the LRR-containing construct to human and murine laminin-111, with calculated dissociation constants of 1.0 and 1.5 μM, respectively. The findings are discussed with respect to the recently published in-solution structures of the PXDN constructs and the proposed biological role of this peroxidase.
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16
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Sevcnikar B, Paumann-Page M, Hofbauer S, Pfanzagl V, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Reaction of human peroxidasin 1 compound I and compound II with one-electron donors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 681:108267. [PMID: 31953133 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) is a homotrimeric multidomain heme peroxidase embedded in the extracellular matrix. It catalyses the two-electron oxidation of bromide by hydrogen peroxide to hypobromous acid which mediates the formation of essential sulfilimine cross-links between methionine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen IV. This confers critical structural reinforcement to the extracellular matrix. This study presents for the first time transient kinetic measurements of the reactivity of hsPxd01 compound I and compound II with the endogenous one-electron donors nitrite, ascorbate, urate, tyrosine and serotonin using the sequential stopped-flow technique. At pH 7.4 and 25 °C compound I of hsPxd01 is reduced to compound II with apparent second-order rate constants ranging from (1.9 ± 0.1) × 104 M-1 s-1 (urate) to (4.8 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1 s-1 (serotonin). Reduction of compound II to the ferric state occurs with apparent second-order rate constants ranging from (4.3 ± 0.2) × 102 M-1 s-1 (tyrosine) to (7.7 ± 0.1) × 103 M-1 s-1 (serotonin). The relatively fast rates of compound I reduction suggest that these reactions may take place in vivo and modulate bromide oxidation due to formation of compound II. Urate is shown to inhibit the bromination activity of hsPxd01, whereas nitrite stimulates the formation of hypobromous acid. The results are discussed with respect to known kinetic data of homologous mammalian peroxidases and to the physiological role of human peroxidasin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Pfanzagl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Medfai H, Khalil A, Rousseau A, Nuyens V, Paumann-Page M, Sevcnikar B, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Moguilevsky N, Peulen O, Herfs M, Castronovo V, Amri M, Van Antwerpen P, Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K. Human peroxidasin 1 promotes angiogenesis through ERK1/2, Akt, and FAK pathways. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:463-475. [PMID: 29982533 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The term angiogenesis refers to sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. The angiogenic process involves cell migration and tubulogenesis requiring interaction between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix. Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) is a multidomain heme peroxidase found embedded in the basement membranes. As it promotes the stabilization of extracellular matrix, we investigated its possible role in angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Methods and results We analysed the effects of peroxidasin 1 gene silencing and supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01 in TeloHAEC endothelial cells on cell migration, tubulogenesis in matrigel, and intracellular signal transduction as assessed by kinase phosphorylation and expression of pro-angiogenic genes as measured by qRT-PCR. We further evaluated the angiogenic potential of recombinant peroxidasin in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. RNA silencing of endogenous hsPxd01 significantly reduced tube formation and cell migration, whereas supplementation by the recombinant peroxidase promoted tube formation in vitro and stimulated vascularization in vivo through its catalytic activity. Moreover, recombinant hsPxd01 promoted phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK1/2), Protein kinase B (Akt), and Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), and induced the expression of pro-angiogenic downstream genes: Platelet Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB), endothelial-derived Heparin Binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), CXCL-1, Hairy-Related Transcription Factor 1 (HEY-1), DNA-binding protein inhibitor (ID-2), Snail Family Zinc Finger 1 (SNAI-1), as well as endogenous hsPxd01. However, peroxidasin silencing significantly reduced Akt and FAK phosphorylation but induced ERK1/2 activation after supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01. While hsPxd01 silencing significantly reduced expression of HEY-1, ID-2, and PDGFB, it did not affect expression of SNAI-1, HB-EGF, and CXCL-1 after supplementation by recombinant hsPxd01. Conclusion Our findings suggest a role of enzymatically active peroxidasin 1 as a pro-angiogenic peroxidase and a modulator of ERK1/2, Akt and FAK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfa Medfai
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium.,Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 20 Rue de Tolède, 2092 Manar II, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Alia Khalil
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Moguilevsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael Herfs
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, Giga-Cancer, University of Liege, Quartier Hopital, Avenue de l'Hopital, 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 20 Rue de Tolède, 2092 Manar II, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la plaine CP205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; and
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Adrienne Bolland 8, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital André Vésale, 706, Rue de Gozée, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Charleroi, Belgium
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18
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Paumann-Page M, Tscheliessnig R, Sevcnikar B, Katz RS, Schwartz I, Hofbauer S, Pfanzagl V, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Monomeric and homotrimeric solution structures of truncated human peroxidasin 1 variants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140249. [PMID: 31295557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human peroxidasin 1 is a multidomain peroxidase situated in the basement membrane. The iron enzyme with covalently bound heme oxidizes bromide to hypobromous acid which facilitates the formation of distinct sulfilimine cross-links in the collagen IV network and therefore contributes to its mechanical stability. Additional to the catalytically active peroxidase domain peroxidasin comprises a leucine rich repeat domain, four Ig domains and a C-terminal von Willebrand factor type C module (VWC). Peroxidasin has been shown to form homotrimers involving two redox-sensitive cysteine residues and to undergo posttranslational C-terminal proteolytic cleavage. The present study on several recombinantly produced truncated peroxidasin variants showed that the VWC is not required for trimer formation whereas the alpha-helical linker region located between the peroxidase domain and the VWC is crucial for trimerization. Our data furthermore implies that peroxidasin oligomerization occurs intracellularly before C-terminal cleavage. For the first time we present overall solution structures of monomeric and trimeric truncated peroxidasin variants which were determined by rotary shadowing combined with transmission electron microscopy and by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). A triangular arrangement of the peroxidase domains to each other within the homotrimer was revealed and this structure was confirmed by a model of trimeric peroxidase domains. Our SAXS data showed that the Ig domains are highly flexible and interact with the peroxidase domain and that within the homotrimer each alpha-helical linker region interacts with the respective adjacent peroxidase domain. The implications of our findings on the structure-function relationship of peroxidasin are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Tscheliessnig
- ACIB, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romy-Sophie Katz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Pfanzagl
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Howard AM, LaFever KS, Fenix AM, Scurrah CR, Lau KS, Burnette DT, Bhave G, Ferrell N, Page-McCaw A. DSS-induced damage to basement membranes is repaired by matrix replacement and crosslinking. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226860. [PMID: 30837285 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are an ancient form of animal extracellular matrix. As important structural and functional components of tissues, basement membranes are subject to environmental damage and must be repaired while maintaining functions. Little is known about how basement membranes get repaired. This paucity stems from a lack of suitable in vivo models for analyzing such repair. Here, we show that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) directly damages the gut basement membrane when fed to adult Drosophila DSS becomes incorporated into the basement membrane, promoting its expansion while decreasing its stiffness, which causes morphological changes to the underlying muscles. Remarkably, two days after withdrawal of DSS, the basement membrane is repaired by all measures of analysis. We used this new damage model to determine that repair requires collagen crosslinking and replacement of damaged components. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that crosslinking is required to stabilize the newly incorporated repaired Collagen IV rather than to stabilize the damaged Collagen IV. These results suggest that basement membranes are surprisingly dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly S LaFever
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA
| | - Aidan M Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA
| | - Cherie' R Scurrah
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dylan T Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA.,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Andrea Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240-7935, USA .,Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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McCall AS, Bhave G, Pedchenko V, Hess J, Free M, Little DJ, Baker TP, Pendergraft WF, Falk RJ, Olson SW, Hudson BG. Inhibitory Anti-Peroxidasin Antibodies in Pulmonary-Renal Syndromes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2619-2625. [PMID: 30279272 PMCID: PMC6218858 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goodpasture syndrome (GP) is a pulmonary-renal syndrome characterized by autoantibodies directed against the NC1 domains of collagen IV in the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes. Exposure of the cryptic epitope is thought to occur via disruption of sulfilimine crosslinks in the NC1 domain that are formed by peroxidasin-dependent production of hypobromous acid. Peroxidasin, a heme peroxidase, has significant structural overlap with myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MPO-ANCA is present both before and at GP diagnosis in some patients. We determined whether autoantibodies directed against peroxidasin are also detected in GP. METHODS We used ELISA and competitive binding assays to assess the presence and specificity of autoantibodies in serum from patients with GP and healthy controls. Peroxidasin activity was fluorometrically measured in the presence of partially purified IgG from patients or controls. Clinical disease severity was gauged by Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. RESULTS We detected anti-peroxidasin autoantibodies in the serum of patients with GP before and at clinical presentation. Enriched anti-peroxidasin antibodies inhibited peroxidasin-mediated hypobromous acid production in vitro. The anti-peroxidasin antibodies recognized peroxidasin but not soluble MPO. However, these antibodies did crossreact with MPO coated on the polystyrene plates used for ELISAs. Finally, peroxidasin-specific antibodies were also found in serum from patients with anti-MPO vasculitis and were associated with significantly more active clinical disease. CONCLUSIONS Anti-peroxidasin antibodies, which would previously have been mischaracterized, are associated with pulmonary-renal syndromes, both before and during active disease, and may be involved in disease activity and pathogenesis in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scott McCall
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension,
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vadim Pedchenko
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Jacob Hess
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Meghan Free
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Dustin J Little
- Department of Nephrology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas P Baker
- Department of Nephrology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William F Pendergraft
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Ronald J Falk
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Stephen W Olson
- Department of Nephrology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension,
- Center for Matrix Biology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Hanmer KL, Mavri-Damelin D. Peroxidasin is a novel target of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Gene 2018; 674:104-114. [PMID: 29953917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidasin (PXDN) facilitates peroxidative reactions via utilisation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and has been shown to crosslink collagen IV through sulfilimine bond formation in the presence of hypohalous acids. Aberrant PXDN expression has been associated with kidney fibrosis, cancer, congenital eye defects and various cardiovascular disorders. Since PXDN expression is modified by H2O2, we hypothesized that a major antioxidant response transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), may regulate PXDN expression. PXDN expression in response to H2O2 and the Nrf2-specific inducers, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN), was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, in HeLa and HEK293 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the regulation of PXDN by Nrf2. We observed elevated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased PXDN protein expression in response to H2O2, tBHQ and SFN, in both cell lines. We found that Nrf2 binds to and increases luciferase reporter gene expression from the PXDN promoter via a putative Nrf2-binding site. In summary, we show that PXDN is a novel target of the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. This finding further highlights the role of PXDN in redox-related processes and compliments the currently understood pathophysiological functions of PXDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hanmer
- The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa
| | - Demetra Mavri-Damelin
- The School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
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22
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Pei J, Kinch LN, Grishin NV. FlyXCDB—A Resource for Drosophila Cell Surface and Secreted Proteins and Their Extracellular Domains. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3353-3411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Sirokmány G, Kovács HA, Lázár E, Kónya K, Donkó Á, Enyedi B, Grasberger H, Geiszt M. Peroxidasin-mediated crosslinking of collagen IV is independent of NADPH oxidases. Redox Biol 2018; 16:314-321. [PMID: 29573705 PMCID: PMC5952998 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV is a major component of the basement membrane in epithelial tissues. The NC1 domains of collagen IV protomers are covalently linked together through sulfilimine bonds, the formation of which is catalyzed by peroxidasin. Although hydrogen peroxide is essential for this reaction, the exact source of the oxidant remains elusive. Members of the NOX/DUOX NADPH oxidase family are specifically devoted to the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Our aim in this study was to find out if NADPH oxidases contribute in vivo to the formation of collagen IV sulfilimine crosslinks. We used multiple genetically modified in vivo model systems to provide a detailed assessment of this question. Our data indicate that in various peroxidasin-expressing tissues sulfilimine crosslinks between the NC1 domains of collagen IV can be readily detected in the absence of functioning NADPH oxidases. We also analyzed how subatmospheric oxygen levels influence the collagen IV network in collagen-producing cultured cells with rapid matrix turnover. We showed that collagen IV crosslinks remain intact even under strongly hypoxic conditions. Our hypothesis is that during collagen IV network formation PXDN cooperates with a NOX/DUOX-independent H2O2 source that is functional also at very low ambient oxygen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Sirokmány
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnal A Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Lázár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kónya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Donkó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Bathish B, Turner R, Paumann-Page M, Kettle AJ, Winterbourn CC. Characterisation of peroxidasin activity in isolated extracellular matrix and direct detection of hypobromous acid formation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:120-127. [PMID: 29626421 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidasin is a heme peroxidase that catalyses the oxidation of bromide by hydrogen peroxide to form an essential sulfilimine cross-link between methionine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen IV. We investigated cross-linking by peroxidasin embedded in extracellular matrix isolated from cultured epithelial cells and its sensitivity to alternative substrates and peroxidase inhibitors. Peroxidasin showed peroxidase activity as measured with hydrogen peroxide and Amplex red. Using a specific mass spectrometry assay that measures NADH bromohydrin, we showed definitively that the enzyme releases hypobromous acid (HOBr). Less than 1 μM of the added hydrogen peroxide was used by peroxidasin. The remainder was consumed by catalase activity that was associated with the matrix. Results from NADH bromohydrin measurements indicates that low micromolar HOBr generated by peroxidasin was sufficient for maximum sulfilimine cross-linking, whereas 100 μM reagent HOBr or taurine bromamine was less efficient. This implies selectivity for the enzymatic process. Physiological concentrations of thiocyanate and urate partially inhibited cross-link formation. 4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, a commonly used myeloperoxidase inhibitor, also inhibited peroxidasin, whereas acetaminophen and a 2-thioxanthine were much less effective. In conclusion, HOBr is produced by peroxidasin in the extracellular matrix. It appears to be directed at the site of collagen IV sulfilimine formation but the released HOBr may also undergo other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rufus Turner
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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25
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Nicolussi A, Auer M, Sevcnikar B, Paumann-Page M, Pfanzagl V, Zámocký M, Hofbauer S, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Posttranslational modification of heme in peroxidases – Impact on structure and catalysis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 643:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Lin YW. Structure and function of heme proteins regulated by diverse post-translational modifications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 641:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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27
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HOCl and the control of oncogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 179:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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28
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Manfredini F, Romero AE, Pedroso I, Paccanaro A, Sumner S, Brown MJF. Neurogenomic Signatures of Successes and Failures in Life-History Transitions in a Key Insect Pollinator. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:3059-3072. [PMID: 29087523 PMCID: PMC5714134 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history transitions require major reprogramming at the behavioral and physiological level. Mating and reproductive maturation are known to trigger changes in gene transcription in reproductive tissues in a wide range of organisms, but we understand little about the molecular consequences of a failure to mate or become reproductively mature, and it is not clear to what extent these processes trigger neural as well as physiological changes. In this study, we examined the molecular processes underpinning the behavioral changes that accompany the major life-history transitions in a key pollinator, the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. We compared neuro-transcription in queens that succeeded or failed in switching from virgin and immature states, to mated and reproductively mature states. Both successes and failures were associated with distinct molecular profiles, illustrating how development during adulthood triggers distinct molecular profiles within a single caste of a eusocial insect. Failures in both mating and reproductive maturation were explained by a general up-regulation of brain gene transcription. We identified 21 genes that were highly connected in a gene coexpression network analysis: nine genes are involved in neural processes and four are regulators of gene expression. This suggests that negotiating life-history transitions involves significant neural processing and reprogramming, and not just changes in physiology. These findings provide novel insights into basic life-history transitions of an insect. Failure to mate or to become reproductively mature is an overlooked component of variation in natural systems, despite its prevalence in many sexually reproducing organisms, and deserves deeper investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso E Romero
- Department of Computer Science, and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Inti Pedroso
- Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Paccanaro
- Department of Computer Science, and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Seirian Sumner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Present address: Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J F Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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29
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Colon S, Page-McCaw P, Bhave G. Role of Hypohalous Acids in Basement Membrane Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:839-854. [PMID: 28657332 PMCID: PMC5647493 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like structures of specialized extracellular matrix that underlie nearly all tissue cell layers including epithelial, endothelial, and muscle cells. BMs not only provide structural support but are also critical for the development, maintenance, and repair of organs. Animal heme peroxidases generate highly reactive hypohalous acids extracellularly and, therefore, target BMs for oxidative modification. Given the importance of BMs in tissue structure and function, hypohalous acid-mediated oxidative modifications of BM proteins represent a key mechanism in normal development and pathogenesis of disease. Recent Advances: Peroxidasin (PXDN), a BM-associated animal heme peroxidase, generates hypobromous acid (HOBr) to form sulfilimine cross-links within the collagen IV network of BM. These cross-links stabilize BM and are critical for animal tissue development. These findings highlight a paradoxical anabolic role for HOBr, which typically damages protein structure leading to dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular mechanism whereby PXDN uses HOBr as a reactive intermediate to cross-link collagen IV, yet avoid collateral damage to nearby BM proteins, remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The exact identification and functional impact of specific hypohalous acid-mediated modifications of BM proteins need to be addressed to connect these modifications to tissue development and pathogenesis of disease. As seen with the sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV, hypohalous acid oxidative events may be beneficial in select situations rather than uniformly deleterious. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 839-854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Colon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Page-McCaw
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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30
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Paumann-Page M, Katz RS, Bellei M, Schwartz I, Edenhofer E, Sevcnikar B, Soudi M, Hofbauer S, Battistuzzi G, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Pre-steady-state Kinetics Reveal the Substrate Specificity and Mechanism of Halide Oxidation of Truncated Human Peroxidasin 1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4583-4592. [PMID: 28154175 PMCID: PMC5377774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peroxidasin 1 is a homotrimeric multidomain peroxidase that is secreted to the extracellular matrix. The heme enzyme was shown to release hypobromous acid that mediates the formation of specific covalent sulfilimine bonds to reinforce collagen IV in basement membranes. Maturation by proteolytic cleavage is known to activate the enzyme. Here, we present the first multimixing stopped-flow study on a fully functional truncated variant of human peroxidasin 1 comprising four immunoglobulin-like domains and the catalytically active peroxidase domain. The kinetic data unravel the so far unknown substrate specificity and mechanism of halide oxidation of human peroxidasin 1. The heme enzyme is shown to follow the halogenation cycle that is induced by the rapid H2O2-mediated oxidation of the ferric enzyme to the redox intermediate compound I. We demonstrate that chloride cannot act as a two-electron donor of compound I, whereas thiocyanate, iodide, and bromide efficiently restore the ferric resting state. We present all relevant apparent bimolecular rate constants, the spectral signatures of the redox intermediates, and the standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple, and we demonstrate that the prosthetic heme group is post-translationally modified and cross-linked with the protein. These structural features provide the basis of human peroxidasin 1 to act as an effective generator of hypobromous acid, which mediates the formation of covalent cross-links in collagen IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Paumann-Page
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Romy-Sophie Katz
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | | | - Irene Schwartz
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Eva Edenhofer
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Benjamin Sevcnikar
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Monika Soudi
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | | | - Paul G Furtmüller
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Christian Obinger
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria and
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31
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Cho I, Hwang GJ, Cho JH. pxn-1 and pxn-2 May Interact Negatively during Neuronal Development and Aging in C. elegans. Mol Cells 2015; 38:729-33. [PMID: 26194821 PMCID: PMC4546945 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C. elegans has two functional peroxidasins (PXN), PXN-1 and PXN-2. PXN-2 is essential to consolidate the extracellular matrix during development and is suggested to interact with PXN-1 antagonistically. pxn-1 is involved in neuronal development and possibly maintenance; therefore, we investigated the relationship between pxn-1 and pxn-2 in neuronal development and in aging. During neuronal development, defects caused by pxn-1 overexpression were suppressed by overexpression of both pxn-1 and pxn-2. In neuronal aging process, pxn-1 mutants showed less age-related neuronal defects, such as neuronal outgrowth, neuronal wavy processes, and enhanced short-term memory performance. In addition, pxn-2 overexpressing animals retained an intact neuronal morphology when compared with age-matched controls. Consistent with these results, overexpression of both pxn-1 and pxn-2 restored the severe neuronal defects present with pxn-1 overexpression. These results implied that there is a negative relationship between pxn-1 and pxn-2 via pxn-1 regulating pxn-2. Therefore, pxn-1 may function in neuronal development and age-related neuronal maintenance through pxn-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Gyu Jin Hwang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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32
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Lázár E, Péterfi Z, Sirokmány G, Kovács HA, Klement E, Medzihradszky KF, Geiszt M. Structure-function analysis of peroxidasin provides insight into the mechanism of collagen IV crosslinking. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:273-82. [PMID: 25708780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes provide structural support and convey regulatory signals to cells in diverse tissues. Assembly of collagen IV into a sheet-like network is a fundamental mechanism during the formation of basement membranes. Peroxidasin (PXDN) was recently described to catalyze crosslinking of collagen IV through the formation of sulfilimine bonds. Despite the significance of this pathway in tissue genesis, our understanding of PXDN function is far from complete. In this work we demonstrate that collagen IV crosslinking is a physiological function of mammalian PXDN. Moreover, we carried out structure-function analysis of PXDN to gain a better insight into its role in collagen IV synthesis. We identify conserved cysteines in PXDN that mediate the oligomerization of the protein into a trimeric complex. We also demonstrate that oligomerization is not an absolute requirement for enzymatic activity, but optimal collagen IV coupling is only catalyzed by the PXDN trimers. Localization experiments of different PXDN mutants in two different cell models revealed that PXDN oligomers, but not monomers, adhere on the cell surface in "hot spots," which represent previously unknown locations of collagen IV crosslinking.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Basement Membrane/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Catalysis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type IV/chemistry
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/physiology
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Peroxidase/physiology
- Peroxidases
- Protein Conformation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Peroxidasin
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Lázár
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Péterfi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sirokmány
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hajnal A Kovács
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Klement
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin F Medzihradszky
- Laboratory of Proteomics Research, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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33
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Zámocký M, Hofbauer S, Schaffner I, Gasselhuber B, Nicolussi A, Soudi M, Pirker KF, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. Independent evolution of four heme peroxidase superfamilies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 574:108-19. [PMID: 25575902 PMCID: PMC4420034 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Four heme peroxidase superfamilies (peroxidase-catalase, peroxidase-cyclooxygenase, peroxidase-chlorite dismutase and peroxidase-peroxygenase superfamily) arose independently during evolution, which differ in overall fold, active site architecture and enzymatic activities. The redox cofactor is heme b or posttranslationally modified heme that is ligated by either histidine or cysteine. Heme peroxidases are found in all kingdoms of life and typically catalyze the one- and two-electron oxidation of a myriad of organic and inorganic substrates. In addition to this peroxidatic activity distinct (sub)families show pronounced catalase, cyclooxygenase, chlorite dismutase or peroxygenase activities. Here we describe the phylogeny of these four superfamilies and present the most important sequence signatures and active site architectures. The classification of families is described as well as important turning points in evolution. We show that at least three heme peroxidase superfamilies have ancient prokaryotic roots with several alternative ways of divergent evolution. In later evolutionary steps, they almost always produced highly evolved and specialized clades of peroxidases in eukaryotic kingdoms with a significant portion of such genes involved in coding various fusion proteins with novel physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Zámocký
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Department for Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Schaffner
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gasselhuber
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Nicolussi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Soudi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina F Pirker
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, VIBT - Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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34
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Soudi M, Paumann-Page M, Delporte C, Pirker KF, Bellei M, Edenhofer E, Stadlmayr G, Battistuzzi G, Boudjeltia KZ, Furtmüller PG, Van Antwerpen P, Obinger C. Multidomain human peroxidasin 1 is a highly glycosylated and stable homotrimeric high spin ferric peroxidase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10876-90. [PMID: 25713063 PMCID: PMC4409251 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) is a multidomain heme peroxidase that uses bromide as a cofactor for the formation of sulfilimine cross-links. The latter confers critical structural reinforcement to collagen IV scaffolds. Here, hsPxd01 and various truncated variants lacking nonenzymatic domains were recombinantly expressed in HEK cell lines. The N-glycosylation site occupancy and disulfide pattern, the oligomeric structure, and unfolding pathway are reported. The homotrimeric iron protein contains a covalently bound ferric high spin heme per subunit with a standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple of -233 ± 5 mV at pH 7.0. Despite sequence homology at the active site and biophysical properties similar to human peroxidases, the catalytic efficiency of bromide oxidation (kcat/KM(app)) of full-length hsPxd01 is rather low but increased upon truncation. This is discussed with respect to its structure and proposed biosynthetic function in collagen IV cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Soudi
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Delporte
- the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katharina F Pirker
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Edenhofer
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- the Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Obinger
- From the Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria,
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35
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Lee J, Bandyopadhyay J, Lee JI, Cho I, Park D, Cho JH. A role for peroxidasin PXN-1 in aspects of C. elegans development. Mol Cells 2015; 38:51-7. [PMID: 25475546 PMCID: PMC4314122 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans peroxidasins, PXN-1 and PXN-2, are extracellular peroxidases; pxn-2 is involved in muscle-epidermal attachment during embryonic morphogenesis and in specific axon guidance. Here we investigate potential roles of the other homologue of peroxidasin, pxn-1, in C. elegans. A pxn-1 deletion mutant showed high lethality under heat-stress conditions. Using a transcriptional GFP reporter, pxn-1 expression was observed in various tissues including neurons, muscles, and hypodermis. A translational fusion showed that PXN-1::GFP was secreted and localized in extracellular matrix, particularly along body wall muscles and pharyngeal muscles. Various neuronal developmental defects were observed in pxn-1 mutants and in pxn-1 over-expressing animals, including handedness, branching, breakage, tangling, and defasciculation. These results suggest that pxn-1, like other peroxidasins, plays an important role throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712,
Korea
| | - Jaya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, West Bengal University of Technology, BF-142, Salt Lake City, Sector I, Kolkata 700-064,
India
| | - Jin Il Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710,
Korea
| | - Injeong Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712,
Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Cho
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759,
Korea
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36
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Wang CS, Ashton NN, Weiss RB, Stewart RJ. Peroxinectin catalyzed dityrosine crosslinking in the adhesive underwater silk of a casemaker caddisfly larvae, Hysperophylax occidentalis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 54:69-79. [PMID: 25220661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic caddisfly larvae use sticky silk fibers as an adhesive tape to construct protective composite structures under water. Three new silk fiber components were identified by transcriptome and proteome analysis of the silk gland: a heme-peroxidase in the peroxinectin (Pxt) sub-family, a superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) that generates the H2O2 substrate of the silk fiber Pxt from environmental reactive oxygen species (eROS), and a novel structural component with sequence similarity to the elastic PEVK region of the muscle protein, titin. All three proteins are co-drawn with fibroins to form silk fibers. The Pxt and SOD3 enzymes retain activity in drawn fibers. In native fibers, Pxt activity and dityrosine crosslinks are co-localized at the boundary of a peripheral layer and the silk fiber core. To our knowledge, dityrosine crosslinks, heme peroxidase, and SOD3 activities have not been previously reported in an insect silk. The PEVK-like protein is homogeneously distributed throughout the fiber core. The results are consolidated into a model in which caddisfly silk Pxt-catalyzed dityrosine crosslinking occurs post-draw using H2O2 generated within the silk fibers by SOD3. The ROS substrate of caddisfly silk SOD3 occurs naturally in aquatic environments, from biotic and abiotic sources. The radially inhomogeneous dityrosine crosslinking and a potential titin-like PEVK protein network have important implications for the mechanical properties of caddifly silk fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shuen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nicholas N Ashton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert B Weiss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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37
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He L, Cao G, Huang M, Xue R, Hu X, Gong C. Expression pattern of immunoglobulin superfamily members in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Gene 2014; 548:198-209. [PMID: 25020261 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are involved in cell adhesion, cell communication and immune functions. In this study, 152 IgSF genes containing at least one immunoglobulin (Ig) domain were predicted in the Bombyx mori silkworm genome. Of these, 145 were distributed on 25 chromosomes with no genes on chromosomes 16, 18 and 26. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic evolution analysis indicated that IgSFs evolved rapidly. Gene ontology (GO) annotation indicated that IgSF members functioned as cellular components and in molecular functions and biological processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that IgSF proteins were involved in signal transduction, signaling molecules and interaction, and cell communication. Microarray-based expression data showed tissue expression for 136 genes in anterior silkgland, middle silkgland, posterior silkgland, testis, ovary, fat body, midgut, integument, hemocyte, malpighian tubule and head. Expression pattern of IgSF genes in the silkworm ovary and midgut was analyzed by RNA-Seq. Expression of 105 genes was detected in the ovary in strain Dazao. Expression in the midgut was detected for 74 genes in strain Lan5 and 75 genes in strain Ou17. Expression of 34 IgSF genes in the midgut relative to the actin A3 gene was significantly different between strains Lan5 and Ou17. Furthermore, 1 IgSF gene was upregulated and 1 IgSF gene was downregulated in strain Lan5, and 4 IgSF genes were upregulated and 2 IgSF genes were downregulated in strain Ou17 after silkworms were challenged with B. mori cypovirus (BmCPV), indicating potential involvement in the response to BmCPV-infection. These results provide an overview of IgSF family members in silkworms, and lay the foundation for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Moli Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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38
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Sagri E, Reczko M, Gregoriou ME, Tsoumani KT, Zygouridis NE, Salpea KD, Zalom FG, Ragoussis J, Mathiopoulos KD. Olive fly transcriptomics analysis implicates energy metabolism genes in spinosad resistance. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:714. [PMID: 25156405 PMCID: PMC4168201 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, is the most devastating pest of cultivated olives. Its control has been traditionally based on insecticides, mainly organophosphates and pyrethroids. In recent years, the naturalyte spinosad is used against the olive fly. As with other insecticides, spinosad is subject to selection pressures that have led to resistance development. Mutations in the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been implicated in spinosad resistance in several species (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster) but excluded in others (e.g., Musca domestica). Yet, additional mechanisms involving enhanced metabolism of detoxification enzymes (such as P450 monooxygenases or mixed function oxidases) have also been reported. In order to clarify the spinosad resistance mechanisms in the olive fly, we searched for mutations in the α6-subunit of the nAChR and for up-regulated genes in the entire transcriptome of spinosad resistant olive flies. Results The olive fly α6-subunit of the nAChR was cloned from the laboratory sensitive strain and a spinosad selected resistant line. The differences reflected silent nucleotide substitutions or conserved amino acid changes. Additionally, whole transcriptome analysis was performed in the two strains in order to reveal any underlying resistance mechanisms. Comparison of over 13,000 genes showed that in spinosad resistant flies nine genes were significantly over-expressed, whereas ~40 were under-expressed. Further functional analyses of the nine over-expressed and eleven under-expressed loci were performed. Four of these loci (Yolk protein 2, ATP Synthase FO subunit 6, Low affinity cationic amino acid transporter 2 and Serine protease 6) showed consistently higher expression both in the spinosad resistant strain and in wild flies from a resistant California population. On the other side, two storage protein genes (HexL1 and Lsp1) and two heat-shock protein genes (Hsp70 and Hsp23) were unfailingly under-expressed in resistant flies. Conclusion The observed nucleotide differences in the nAChR-α6 subunit between the sensitive and spinosad resistant olive fly strains did not advocate for the involvement of receptor mutations in spinosad resistance. Instead, the transcriptome comparison between the two strains indicated that several immune system loci as well as elevated energy requirements of the resistant flies might be necessary to lever the detoxification process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-714) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kostas D Mathiopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, Larissa, Greece.
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39
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Péterfi Z, Geiszt M. Peroxidasins: novel players in tissue genesis. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:305-7. [PMID: 24924147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of extracellular matrix by protein crosslinking is a universal and essential process in multicellular organisms. Recent findings revealed that peroxidasin, a unique heme-peroxidase, produces hypohalides to support matrix synthesis. Unexpectedly, the highly reactive and potentially damaging hypohalides mediate the formation of sulfilimine bonds between adjacent collagen IV protomers. This crosslink is a fundamental feature of basal membranes, defining peroxidasin-dependent oxidant generation and sulfilimine crosslink formation as an elemental mechanism of tissue biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Péterfi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary; "Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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40
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Jung H, Lyons RE, Li Y, Thanh NM, Dinh H, Hurwood DA, Salin KR, Mather PB. A candidate gene association study for growth performance in an improved giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) culture line. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:161-180. [PMID: 24122143 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A candidate gene approach using type I single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers can provide an effective method for detecting genes and gene regions that underlie phenotypic variation in adaptively significant traits. In the absence of available genomic data resources, transcriptomes were recently generated in Macrobrachium rosenbergii to identify candidate genes and markers potentially associated with growth. The characterisation of 47 candidate loci by ABI re-sequencing of four cultured and eight wild samples revealed 342 putative SNPs. Among these, 28 SNPs were selected in 23 growth-related candidate genes to genotype in 200 animals selected for improved growth performance in an experimental GFP culture line in Vietnam. The associations between SNP markers and individual growth performance were then examined. For additive and dominant effects, a total of three exonic SNPs in glycogen phosphorylase (additive), heat shock protein 90 (additive and dominant) and peroxidasin (additive), and a total of six intronic SNPs in ankyrin repeats-like protein (additive and dominant), rolling pebbles (dominant), transforming growth factor-β induced precursor (dominant), and UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 2 (dominant) genes showed significant associations with the estimated breeding values in the experimental animals (P =0.001-0.031). Individually, they explained 2.6-4.8 % of the genetic variance (R²=0.026-0.048). This is the first large set of SNP markers reported for M. rosenbergii and will be useful for confirmation of associations in other samples or culture lines as well as having applications in marker-assisted selection in future breeding programs.
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The SKPO-1 peroxidase functions in the hypodermis to protect Caenorhabditis elegans from bacterial infection. Genetics 2014; 197:515-26. [PMID: 24621828 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.113.160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the synergistic relationship between NADPH oxidase (NOX)/dual oxidase (DUOX) enzymes and peroxidases has received increased attention. Peroxidases utilize NOX/DUOX-generated H2O2 for a myriad of functions including, but not limited to, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, cross-linking extracellular matrices (ECM), and immune defense. We postulated that one or more peroxidases produced by Caenorhabditis elegans would act in host defense, possibly in conjunction with BLI-3, the only NOX/DUOX enzyme encoded by the genome that is expressed. Animals exposed to RNA interference (RNAi) of the putative peroxidase genes were screened for susceptibility to the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. One of three genes identified, skpo-1 (ShkT-containing peroxidase), was studied in depth. Animals mutant for this gene were significantly more susceptible to E. faecalis, but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A slight decrease in longevity was also observed. The skpo-1 mutant animals had a dumpy phenotype of incomplete penetrance; half the animals displayed a dumpy phenotype ranging from slight to severe, and half were morphologically wild type. The SKPO-1 protein contains the critical catalytic residues necessary for peroxidase activity, and in a whole animal assay, more H2O2 was detected from the mutant compared to the wild type, consistent with the loss of an H2O2 sink. By using tissue-specific skpo-1 RNAi and immunohistochemical localization with an anti-SKPO-1 antibody, it was determined that the peroxidase is functionally and physically present in the hypodermis. In conclusion, these results characterize a peroxidase that functions protectively in the hypodermis during exposure to E. faecalis.
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Péterfi Z, Tóth ZE, Kovács HA, Lázár E, Sum A, Donkó A, Sirokmány G, Shah AM, Geiszt M. Peroxidasin-like protein: a novel peroxidase homologue in the human heart. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:393-9. [PMID: 24253521 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Peroxidases serve diverse biological functions including well-characterized activities in host defence and hormone biosynthesis. More recently, peroxidasin (PXDN) was found to be involved in collagen IV cross-linking in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to characterize the expression and function of peroxidasin-like protein (PXDNL), a previously unknown peroxidase homologue. METHODS AND RESULTS We cloned the PXDNL cDNA from the human heart and identified its expression pattern by northern blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. PXDNL is expressed exclusively in the heart and it has evolved to lose its peroxidase activity. The protein is produced by cardiomyocytes and localizes to cell-cell junctions. We also demonstrate that PXDNL can form a complex with PXDN and antagonizes its peroxidase activity. Furthermore, we show an increased expression of PXDNL in the failing myocardium. CONCLUSION PXDNL is a unique component of the heart with a recently evolved inactivation of peroxidase function. The elevation of PXDNL levels in the failing heart may contribute to ECM dysregulation due to its antagonism of PXDN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Péterfi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, Budapest H-1444, Hungary
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Fidler AL, Vanacore RM, Chetyrkin SV, Pedchenko VK, Bhave G, Yin VP, Stothers CL, Rose KL, McDonald WH, Clark TA, Borza DB, Steele RE, Ivy MT, Hudson JK, Hudson BG. A unique covalent bond in basement membrane is a primordial innovation for tissue evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:331-6. [PMID: 24344311 PMCID: PMC3890831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318499111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane, a specialized ECM that underlies polarized epithelium of eumetazoans, provides signaling cues that regulate cell behavior and function in tissue genesis and homeostasis. A collagen IV scaffold, a major component, is essential for tissues and dysfunctional in several diseases. Studies of bovine and Drosophila tissues reveal that the scaffold is stabilized by sulfilimine chemical bonds (S = N) that covalently cross-link methionine and hydroxylysine residues at the interface of adjoining triple helical protomers. Peroxidasin, a heme peroxidase embedded in the basement membrane, produces hypohalous acid intermediates that oxidize methionine, forming the sulfilimine cross-link. We explored whether the sulfilimine cross-link is a fundamental requirement in the genesis and evolution of epithelial tissues by determining its occurrence and evolutionary origin in Eumetazoa and its essentiality in zebrafish development; 31 species, spanning 11 major phyla, were investigated for the occurrence of the sulfilimine cross-link by electrophoresis, MS, and multiple sequence alignment of de novo transcriptome and available genomic data for collagen IV and peroxidasin. The results show that the cross-link is conserved throughout Eumetazoa and arose at the divergence of Porifera and Cnidaria over 500 Mya. Also, peroxidasin, the enzyme that forms the bond, is evolutionarily conserved throughout Metazoa. Morpholino knockdown of peroxidasin in zebrafish revealed that the cross-link is essential for organogenesis. Collectively, our findings establish that the triad-a collagen IV scaffold with sulfilimine cross-links, peroxidasin, and hypohalous acids-is a primordial innovation of the ECM essential for organogenesis and tissue evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
| | - Roberto M. Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Sergei V. Chetyrkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Vadim K. Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Viravuth P. Yin
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672
| | | | | | - W. Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center
| | | | - Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
| | - Robert E. Steele
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; and
| | - Michael T. Ivy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209
| | | | | | - Billy G. Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
- Center for Matrix Biology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672
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Auer M, Gruber C, Bellei M, Pirker KF, Zamocky M, Kroiss D, Teufer SA, Hofbauer S, Soudi M, Battistuzzi G, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C. A stable bacterial peroxidase with novel halogenating activity and an autocatalytically linked heme prosthetic group. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27181-27199. [PMID: 23918925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships of the main evolutionary lines of the mammalian peroxidases lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase revealed the presence of novel bacterial heme peroxidase subfamilies. Here, for the first time, an ancestral bacterial heme peroxidase is shown to possess a very high bromide oxidation activity (besides conventional peroxidase activity). The recombinant protein allowed monitoring of the autocatalytic peroxide-driven formation of covalent heme to protein bonds. Thereby, the high spin ferric rhombic heme spectrum became similar to lactoperoxidase, the standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple shifted to more positive values (-145 ± 10 mV at pH 7), and the conformational and thermal stability of the protein increased significantly. We discuss structure-function relationships of this new peroxidase in relation to its mammalian counterparts and ask for its putative physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Auer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Gruber
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katharina F Pirker
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcel Zamocky
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Kroiss
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan A Teufer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Soudi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Departments of Chemistry and Geology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Wang J, Wang D, Li Y, Gao Y, Wang S, Zuo H, Xu X, Wang S, Peng R. Microarray analysis of altered gene expression and the role of ATF3 in HK-2 cells treated with hemin. Ren Fail 2013; 35:624-32. [PMID: 23560949 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.780619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify gene expression changes and the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in hemin toxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells, then elucidate molecular mechanisms of hemin toxicity on renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS An oligo array comprising 35,035 genes was used to compare differential gene expression in hemin-treated and non-treated HK-2 cells (human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells), and the role of ATF3 in hemin toxicity was assessed using siRNA technique. RESULTS A total of 128 mRNAs were at least twofold up-regulated and 101 mRNAs were at least twofold down-regulated after hemin treatment. Expression levels of ATF3, heat shock protein 70, c-fos, and c-jun were remarkably increased. Hemin also suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor α, β-2 adrenergic receptor, and interleukin-6 mRNA amounts more than twofold. We further demonstrated the protective role of ATF3 in hemin cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that hemin caused multiple changes of gene expression in HK-2 cells, and ATF3 protects against hemin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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