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Barmoudeh Z, Sadeghi H, Gheitasi I, Khalvati B, Omidifar N, Azizi M, Moslemi Z, Nikbakht J, Doustimotlagh AH. Fluvoxamine ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation induced by bile-duct ligation in male rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12344. [PMID: 36590477 PMCID: PMC9800296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cholestasis is a disorder that the bile ducts were narrowed and bile acids are not released simply. Bile acids-induced liver damage is exacerbated by inflammation and oxidative stress. The goal of the current study was to investigate the protective impacts of fluvoxamine (Flu) on oxidant-antioxidant balance and inflammatory cytokines in the bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. Methods Thirty-two male rats were arbitrarily allocated in 4 groups; sham-control (SC), SC+ 150 mg/kg Flu (SCF), bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL+ 150 mg/kg Flu (BDLF). The rats received distilled water and Flu orally for one week. Biochemical analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as oxidant/antioxidant status were evaluated. Also, the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, IL-1, TNF-α, and α-SMA were determined. Results The findings indicated serum values of ALT, total bilirubin, and ALP slightly declined in the BDL + Flu group in contrast to BDL rats. The plasma protein carbonyl and inflammatory markers were markedly increased in the BDL group in contrast with SC group (P ≤ 0.05). Treatment with Flu in BDL rats markedly reduced the values of hepatic nitric oxide metabolite and malondialdehyde, plasma protein carbonyl, as well as TNF-α mRNA level (P ≤ 0.05). Histological parameters were improved in the BDL + Flu group in comparison to BDL merely rats. Conclusion It seems that Flu declined oxidative stress probably by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and nitric oxide formation. Also, it reduced inflammation by decreasing TNF-α mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Barmoudeh
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Izadpanah Gheitasi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdokht Azizi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Jafar Nikbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Corresponding author.
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Moslemi Z, Bardania H, Gheitasi I, Barmoudeh Z, Omidifar N, Parvin H, Khalvati B, Fouani MH, Alipour M, Doustimotlagh AH. Liposome Extract of Stachys pilifera Benth Effectively Improved Liver Damage due to Bile Duct Ligation Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8141563. [PMID: 34707781 PMCID: PMC8545598 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8141563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines harbor essential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cholestasis. In this study, we have assessed the anticholestatic potential of Stachys pilifera Benth's (SPB's) hydroalcoholic extract encapsulated into liposomes using bile duct ligation- (BDL-) induced hepatic cholestasis in rats. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total thiol (T-SH) content, protein carbonyl (PCO), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolite levels were measured in either liver tissue or plasma to assess liver damage. Moreover, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and liver fibrosis markers (TGF-β and SM-α) which are driving forces of many liver disorders was also determined. The activity of AST, ALT, and ALP was significantly enhanced in the BDL group in comparison to the control group; however, treatment with liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract significantly reduced AST and ALT's activity. Increases in MDA, TBIL, and NO levels and T-SH content due to BDL were restored to control levels by liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment. Similarly, hepatic and plasma oxidative marker MDA levels, significantly enhanced by BDL, were significantly decreased by liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment. Moreover, histopathological findings further demonstrated a significant decrease in hepatic damage in the liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract-treated BDL group. In addition, liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment decreased the liver expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and liver fibrosis markers (TGF-β and SM-α). Since liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract treatment alleviated the BDL-induced injury of the liver and improved the hepatic structure and function more efficiently in comparison to free SPB hydroalcoholic extract, probable liposomal (SPB) hydroalcoholic extract exhibits required potential therapeutic value in protecting the liver against BDL-caused oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imamsajad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Izadpanah Gheitasi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Barmoudeh
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Parvin
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Fouani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Alipour
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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Mortazavi A, Mohammad Pour Kargar H, Beheshti F, Anaeigoudari A, Vaezi G, Hosseini M. The effects of carvacrol on oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver function indicators in a systemic inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 93:111-121. [PMID: 34024144 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of carvacrol (CAR) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was explored. The rats (n=40) were daily injected (2 weeks) by saline as control, LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg CAR (i.p.) before LPS. LPS increased aspartate transaminase (AST: 162±13 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT: 74.6±2.15 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P: 811±51 U/L), interlukine-1β (IL-1β: 1254±51 pg/g tissue), malondialdehyde (MDA: 32±1.09 nM/g tissue), and nitric oxide (NO: 224±13.5 nM/g tissue) (P<0.01-P<0.001) while, decreased total protein(4.08±0.38 g/dl), albumin(2.79±0.16 g/dl), thiol (5.16±0.19 μM/g tissue), superoxide dismutase (SOD: 10.57±0.13 U/g tissue), and catalase (CAT: 0.78±0.02 U/g tissue) compared to control (P<0.001). CAR reversed the effects of LPS (P<0.05-P<0.001). In the rats treated by 100 mg/kg CAR, the indicators were as follows: AST: 118±10.1 U/L, ALT: 42.5±4.13 U/L, ALK-P: 597±39.91 U/L, IL-1β: 494±15 pg/g tissue, and NO: 141±5.35 nM/g tissue. Both 50 and 100 mg/kg CAR corrected oxidative stress indicators and in the group treated by 100 mg/kg CAR, they were: MDA: 23.4±0.91 nM/g tissue, thiol: 7.98±0.18 μM/g tissue, SOD: 21±0.8 U/g tissue, and CAT: 1.12±0.02 U/g tissue(P<0.05-P<0.001). In conclusion, CAR improved liver function, accompanied with antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mortazavi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Gholamhasan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Arab Z, Asghari A, Anaeigoudari A. Ameliorative role of metformin on lipopolysaccharide-mediated liver malfunction through suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1833037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Arab
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Asghari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Li G, Lin J, Peng Y, Qin K, Wen L, Zhao T, Feng Q. Curcumol may reverse early and advanced liver fibrogenesis through downregulating the uPA/uPAR pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1421-1435. [PMID: 31989700 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested strong antifibrotic activity of curcumol in the liver; the underlying mechanisms of which, however, remain largely unknown. Aiming to investigate the role of curcumol in regulating early and advanced liver fibrosis, we designed a rat model with advanced liver fibrosis and cell model with an initial fibrotic stage. Model rats induced by CCl4 and alcohol presented advanced liver fibrosis with complete fibrous septa. The administration of curcumol (25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) resulted in reversal of liver fibrosis. Leptin-administrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells presented defenestration and basement membrane components deposition, including laminin (LN) and type IV collagen (Col IV), the characteristics of capillarization by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assays. After treatment with curcumol (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L), defenestration was restored and the levels of LN and Col IV were decreased, consistent with the rat model. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot results revealed that increased levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/ uPA receptor (uPAR) were observed both in vivo and in vitro, curcumol significantly reduced uPA/uPAR at both the mRNA and protein levels. Reduction of uPA/uPAR may be synergistic with matrix metallopeptidase 13 to reverse liver fibrogenesis. In conclusion, curcumol protects liver from phenotypic changes in the early and advanced fibrogenesis, possibly through uPA/uPAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiyong Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zheng H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Hua L, Xu W. Pien-Tze-Huang ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via suppressing NF-κB pathway and promoting HSC apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:111856. [PMID: 30959141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a Chinese herbal formula, has various forms of pharmacological activity including anti-inflammation, liver protection and anti-tumor. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of PZH and its potential mechanisms on experimental animal model of hepatic fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally administered with CCl4 to induce hepatic fibrosis and were simultaneously treated with PZH. Liver pathology were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, the effects of PZH on HSC proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via MTT, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation and Bcl-2 family members were evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and western blotting. RESULT PZH significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver injury, inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. PZH also markedly decreased the production of hepatic-fibrosis biomarker, including ALT, AST, IV collagen and PCIII (Procollagen III), as well as inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Importantly, PZH strongly inhibited HSC proliferation correlated with cell apoptosis induction as evidenced by modulating Bcl-2 family members and caspase activity. Moreover, PZH administration significantly increased the expression IκB-α, an inhibitor of NF-κB and suppressed expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, etc.). Collectively, these results suggested that PZH could promote HSC apoptosis through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that PZH ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and inflammation, chiefly through suppressing the NF-κB pathway and promoting HSC apoptosis. PZH is more likely to be a promising antifibrotic agent in chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
| | - Liping Hua
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China.
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Hepatoprotective effect of ultrasonicated ginseng berry extract on a rat mild bile duct ligation model. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:606-617. [PMID: 31695567 PMCID: PMC6823758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) is well known to have an antidiabetic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the protective effect of ultrasonication-processed P. ginseng berry extract (UGBE) compared with GBE on liver fibrosis induced by mild bile duct ligation (MBDL) model in rats. After ultrasonication process, the composition ratio of ginsenoside in GBE was changed. The component ratio of ginsenosides Rh1, Rh4, Rg2, Rg3, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in the extract was elevated. Methods In this study, the protective effect of the newly developed UGBE was evaluated on hepatotoxicity and neuronal damage in MBDL model. Silymarin (150 mg/kg) was used for positive control. UGBE (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg), GBE (250 mg/kg), and silymarin (150 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks after MBDL surgery. Results The MBDL surgery induced severe hepatotoxicity that leads to liver inflammation in rats. Also, the serum ammonia level was increased by MBDL surgery. However, the liver dysfunction of MBDL surgery–operated rats was attenuated by UGBE treatment via myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Conclusion UGBE has a protective effect on liver fibrosis induced by MBDL in rats through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway in liver.
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Khodarahmi A, Eshaghian A, Safari F, Moradi A. Quercetin Mitigates Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Rats with Bile Duct Ligation Through Modulation of the STAT3/SOCS3/IRS1 Signaling Pathway. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3045-3053. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Khodarahmi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, School of MedicineShahid Sadoughi Univ. of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd 8915173149 Iran
| | - Azam Eshaghian
- Dept. of Biochemistry, School of MedicineShahid Sadoughi Univ. of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd 8915173149 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Dept. of Physiology, School of MedicineShahid Sadoughi Univ. of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd 8915173149 Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Dept. of Biochemistry, School of MedicineShahid Sadoughi Univ. of Medical Sciences and Health Services Yazd 8915173149 Iran
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Curcumin attenuates hepatic fibrosis and insulin resistance induced by bile duct ligation in rats. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:393-403. [PMID: 29880071 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have strongly indicated the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin; however, the precise mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of curcumin on hepatic damage and hepatic insulin resistance in biliary duct ligated (BDL) fibrotic rat model. To accomplish this, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight for each): sham group, BDL group, sham+Cur group and BDL+Cur group. The last two groups received curcumin at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks. The mRNA/protein expression levels of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), Rac1-GTP, dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (NOX1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), specific protein 1 (Sp1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and Leptin levels were determined and homoeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, as an index of insulin resistance, was calculated. Curcumin significantly attenuated liver injury and fibrosis, including amelioration of liver histological changes, reduction of hepatic enzymes, as well as decreased expression of liver fibrogenesis-associated variables, including Rac1, Rac1-GTP, NOX1, ERK1, HIF-1α and Sp1. Curcumin also attenuated leptin level and insulin resistance, which had increased in BDL rats (P<0·05). Furthermore, compared with the BDL group, we observed an increase in IRS1 and a decrease in SOCS3 and STAT3 expression in the curcumin-treated BDL group (P<0·05), indicating return of these parameters towards normalcy. In conclusion, Curcumin showed hepatoprotective activity against BDL-induced liver injury and hepatic insulin resistance by influencing the expression of some genes/proteins involved in these processes, and the results suggest that it can be used as a therapeutic option.
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Ogiso H, Ito H, Ando T, Arioka Y, Kanbe A, Ando K, Ishikawa T, Saito K, Hara A, Moriwaki H, Shimizu M, Seishima M. The Deficiency of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Aggravates the CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162183. [PMID: 27598994 PMCID: PMC5012673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the development of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. The liver fibrosis induced by repetitive administration with CCl4 was aggravated in IDO-KO mice compared to WT mice. In IDO-KO mice treated with CCl4, the number of several inflammatory cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in the liver. In the results, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrogenic factors on HSCs increased after repetitive CCl4 administration in IDO-KO mice compared to WT mice. Moreover, the treatment with l-tryptophan aggravated the CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in WT mice. Our findings demonstrated that the IDO deficiency enhanced the inflammation in the liver and aggravated liver fibrosis in repetitive CCl4-treated mice.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/immunology
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/immunology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Immunophenotyping
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/immunology
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ogiso
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ando
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Seishima
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Cai HB, Sun XG, Liu ZF, Liu YW, Tang J, Liu Q, Ji BM, Song YH, Zhou YC, Yang MH, Lv ZP. Effects of dahuangzhechong pills on cytokines and mitogen activated protein kinase activation in rats with hepatic fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:157-164. [PMID: 20723595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RELEVANCE TO ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY: Dahuangzhechong pill (DHZCP), a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from "The Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", is officially approved and recommended by Chinese association of integrative medicine for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis in China. AIM OF THE STUDY To test the hypothesis that therapeutic effects of DHZCP on hepatic fibrosis are conferred by regulating cytokine profile through a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fibrosis is inducted by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats which then were randomly divided into six groups: hepatic fibrosis model group, high dose DHZCP group, low dose DHZCP group, Fufang Biejia Ruangan Pian (FBRP) group, Colchicine group and control group. Pathological, immunohistochemical, multiplex immunoassay and protein expression studies (Western blotting) are performed. RESULTS DHZCP significantly decreases the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, laminin, type IV collagen and procollagen III, and reverses hepatic fibrosis in rat model. DHZCP also could reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, and lower the serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). The expressions of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) are down-regulated, while no significant changes are found in phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS DHZCP can alleviate hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4). The anti-fibrotic effects of DHZCP are conferred by decreasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-13 through down-regulating p38 and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bing Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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13
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Fava G, Alpini G, Rychlicki C, Saccomanno S, DeMorrow S, Trozzi L, Candelaresi C, Venter J, Di Sario A, Marzioni M, Bearzi I, Glaser S, Alvaro D, Marucci L, Francis H, Svegliati-Baroni G, Benedetti A. Leptin enhances cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6752-61. [PMID: 18701500 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a strongly aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Effective therapeutic strategies are lacking because molecular mechanisms regulating cholangiocarcinoma cell growth are unknown. Furthermore, experimental in vivo animal models useful to study the pathophysiologic mechanisms of malignant cholangiocytes are lacking. Leptin, the hormone regulating caloric homeostasis, which is increased in obese patients, stimulates the growth of several cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to define if leptin stimulates cholangiocarcinoma growth. We determined the expression of leptin receptors in normal and malignant human cholangiocytes. Effects on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HuH-28) cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the in vitro exposure to leptin, together with the intracellular pathways, were then studied. Moreover, cholangiocarcinoma was experimentally induced in obese fa/fa Zucker rats, a genetically established animal species with faulty leptin receptors, and in their littermates by chronic feeding with thioacetamide, a potent carcinogen. After 24 weeks, the effect of leptin on cholangiocarcinoma development and growth was assessed. Normal and malignant human cholangiocytes express leptin receptors. Leptin increased the proliferation and the metastatic potential of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro through a signal transducers and activators of transcription 3-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Leptin increased the growth and migration, and was antiapoptotic for cholangiocarcinoma cells. Moreover, the loss of leptin function reduced the development and the growth of cholangiocarcinoma. The experimental carcinogenesis model induced by thioacetamide administration is a valid and reproducible method to study cholangiocarcinoma pathobiology. Modulation of the leptin-mediated signal could be considered a valid tool for the prevention and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammarco Fava
- Department of Gastroenterology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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14
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Kuzu N, Metin K, Dagli AF, Akdemir F, Orhan C, Yalniz M, Ozercan IH, Sahin K, Bahcecioglu IH. Protective role of genistein in acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. Mediators Inflamm 2008; 2007:36381. [PMID: 17597837 PMCID: PMC1892644 DOI: 10.1155/2007/36381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Revised: 02/18/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of genistein in experimental acute liver damage induced by CCl4. Method. Forty rats were equally allocated to 5 groups. The first group was designated as the control group (group 1). The second group was injected with intraperitoneal CCl4 for 3 days (group 2). The third group was injected with subcutaneous 1 mg/kg genistein for 4 days starting one day before CCl4 injection. The fourth group was injected with intraperitoneal CCl4 for 7 days. The fifth group was injected with subcutaneous 1 mg/kg genistein for 8 days starting one day before CCl4 injection. Plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver glutathione levels, as well as AST and ALT levels were studied. A histopathological examination was conducted. Results. Liver tissue MDA levels were found significantly lower in group 3, in comparison to group 2 (P < .05). Liver tissue MDA level in group 5 was significantly lower than that in group 4
(P < .001). Liver tissue glutathione levels were higher in group 5 and 3, relative to groups 4 and 2, respectively (P > .05 for each). Inflammation and focal necrosis decreased in group 3, in comparison to group 2 (P < .001 for each). Inflammation and focal necrosis in group 5 was lower than that in group 4
(P < .001). Actin expression decreased significantly in group 5, relative to group 4
(P < .05). Conclusion. Genistein has anti-inflammatory and antinecrotic effects on experimental liver damage caused by CCl4. Genistein reduces liver damage by preventing lipid peroxidation and strengthening antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Kuzu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Kerem Metin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Adile Ferda Dagli
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih Akdemir
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yalniz
- Divison of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Bahcecioglu
- Divison of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
- *Ibrahim Halil Bahcecioglu:
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15
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Smirnova OV, Ostroukhova TY, Bogorad RL. JAK-STAT pathway in carcinogenesis: Is it relevant to cholangiocarcinoma progression. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6478-91. [PMID: 18161917 PMCID: PMC4611286 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i48.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The features of JAK-STAT signaling in liver cells are discussed in the current review. The role of this signaling cascade in carcinogenesis is accentuated. The possible involvement of this pathway and alteration of its elements are compared for normal cholangiocytes, cholangiocarcinoma predisposition and development. Prolactin and interleukin-6 are described in detail as the best studied examples. In addition, the non-classical nuclear translocation of cytokine receptors is discussed in terms of its possible implication to cholangiocarcinoma development.
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16
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Yalniz M, Bahcecioglu IH, Kuzu N, Poyrazoglu OK, Bulmus O, Celebi S, Ustundag B, Ozercan IH, Sahin K. Preventive role of genistein in an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 22:2009-14. [PMID: 17914984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive role of genistein, a phytoestrogen with a wide variety of pharmacological effects, in an experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) received only a standard rat diet, group 2 (placebo) was given a high fat diet (HFD) plus 0.5 mL/day saline subcutaneously, and group 3 (genistein group) a HFD plus subcutaneous genistein injection at dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. All rats were killed after 6 weeks. Serum aminotransferases, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and plasma and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Additionally, steatosis, ballooning degeneration and inflammation of the liver were examined histopathologically. RESULTS Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001 for each), plasma and liver tissue MDA and plasma TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.001, <0.001, <0.01, respectively) were found to be higher in the placebo group than in the control group. TGF-beta levels, however, were comparable in the placebo and control groups (P > 0.05). Histopathologically, steatosis, inflammatory cells per mm(2) and ballooning degeneration were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the control group (P < 0.001 for each). Nevertheless, AST and ALT (P < 0.05 for each), plasma and liver tissue MDA (P < 0.05 for each) and plasma TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the genistein group compared to the placebo group. Histopathologically, steatosis (P < 0.05), inflammatory cells per mm(2) and ballooning degeneration (P < 0.01 for each) in the genistein group were also significantly lower than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Genistein, a strong antioxidant agent, significantly decreased the plasma TNF-alpha level and remarkably prevented the emergence of NASH by improving the biochemical and histopathological abnormalities via attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yalniz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey.
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17
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Yalniz M, Bahçecioğlu IH, Kuzu N, Celebi S, Ataseven H, Ustündağ B, Ozercan IH, Sahin K. Amelioration of steatohepatitis with pentoxifylline in a novel nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model induced by high-fat diet. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2380-6. [PMID: 17415655 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on steatohepatitis in a novel experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group received only standard rat diet (control group); groups 2 (placebo group) and 3 were given HFD, ad libitum. After week 4, 0.5 mL of physiologic serum was injected subcutaneously to the placebo group and 50 mg/kg/d PTX was given intraperitoneally to the third group (group PTX). After 6 weeks all rats were humanely killed. Serum biochemistry, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), plasma, and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. Histopathologically, steatosis, ballooning degeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis were determined. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in placebo group than in the control group. Tumor growth factor-beta levels, however, were comparable in the placebo and control groups. On histopathologic examination, steatosis, inflammatory cells per square millimeter, and ballooning degeneration were significantly higher in the placebo group than in the control group. No fibrosis or Mallory bodies were found in the placebo group. AST, ALT, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower in PTX group compared to the placebo group. Histopathologically, steatosis, mean number of inflammatory cells/mm(2) and ballooning degeneration in PTX group were also significantly lower than in the placebo group. In conclusion, PTX strikingly ameliorates steatohepatitis in this novel NASH model not only by inhibiting the TNF-alpha but also suppressing the oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yalniz
- Firat University School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tip Merkezi Gastroenteroloji BD, 23200 Elaziğ, Turkey.
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18
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Ustundag B, Bahcecioglu IH, Sahin K, Duzgun S, Koca S, Gulcu F, Ozercan IH. Protective effect of soy isoflavones and activity levels of plasma paraoxonase and arylesterase in the experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2006-14. [PMID: 17420940 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by diffuse fatty infiltration in the liver and ballooning degeneration and inflammation in hepatocytes. We aimed to study the protective effect of soy isoflavones on experimental NASH and their effects on plasma paraoxanese and arylesterase levels in rats. Twenty-eight male rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (n=7) received an isocaloric normal diet for 8 weeks, Group 2 (n=7) was fed an isocaloric basal diet plus oral soy isoflavone for 8 weeks (100 mg/kg in diet), Group 3 (n=7) received a special diet that was methionine and choline deficient (MCD) and rich in fat for 8 weeks, and Group 4 (n=7) was fed a special diet that was MCD and rich in fat plus oral soy isoflavone for 8 weeks (100 mg/kg in diet). Blood samples were collected to measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxanese, and arylesterase and biochemical parameters. Tissue samples were duly taken for histopathological examination and measurement of tissue MDA levels. Plasma MDA levels were higher in Group 3 than in Groups 1, 2, and 4 (P <0.01, P <0.05, and P <0.05 respectively). Liver tissue MDA levels were also significantly higher in Group 3 compared to Groups 1, 2, and 4 (P <0.001, P <0.001, and P <0.05 respectively). A significant decrease was found in the plasma and liver tissue MDA levels in Group 4 compared to Group 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.05, respectively). The activity levels of plasma paraoxanase and arylesterase were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). Also, the plasma paraoxanase and arylesterase levels were significantly higher in Group 4 compared to Groups 1 and 3 (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). A significant reduction was observed in Group 4 in steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis compared to Group 3 (P <0.05 for each). We conclude that soy isoflavones seem to be effective in preventing liver damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation in the NASH model induced by a MCD diet. They stimulate and increase the activity of the antioxidative paraoxanase enyzme while decreasing the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Firat (Euphrates) University, Elazig, Turkey.
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