1
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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2
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Goyard D, Ortiz AMS, Boturyn D, Renaudet O. Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: conjugation methods and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8756-8783. [PMID: 36193815 PMCID: PMC9575389 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry was extensively used to decorate synthetic multivalent scaffolds with glycans to mimic the cell surface glycocalyx and to develop applications in glycosciences. Conjugation methods such as oxime ligation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, thiol-ene coupling, squaramide coupling or Lansbury aspartylation proved particularly suitable to achieve this purpose. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies that can be used either in a stepwise manner or in an orthogonal one-pot approach, to conjugate multiple copies of identical or different glycans to cyclopeptide scaffolds (namely multivalent glycocyclopeptides) having different size, valency, geometry and molecular composition. The second part of this review will describe the potential of these structures to interact with various carbohydrate binding proteins or to stimulate immunity against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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3
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Abstract
Through their specific interactions with proteins, cellular glycans play key roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. One of the main goals of research in the areas of glycobiology and glycomedicine is to understand glycan-protein interactions at the molecular level. Over the past two decades, glycan microarrays have become powerful tools for the rapid evaluation of interactions between glycans and proteins. In this review, we briefly describe methods used for the preparation of glycan probes and the construction of glycan microarrays. Next, we highlight applications of glycan microarrays to rapid profiling of glycan-binding patterns of plant, animal and pathogenic lectins, as well as other proteins. Finally, we discuss other important uses of glycan microarrays, including the rapid analysis of substrate specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes, the quantitative determination of glycan-protein interactions, discovering high-affinity or selective ligands for lectins, and identifying functional glycans within cells. We anticipate that this review will encourage researchers to employ glycan microarrays in diverse glycan-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Wojtczak K, Byrne JP. Structural considerations for building synthetic glycoconjugates as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200081. [PMID: 35426976 PMCID: PMC9321714 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, responsible for a large portion of nosocomial infections globally and designated as critical priority by the World Health Organisation. Its characteristic carbohydrate‐binding proteins LecA and LecB, which play a role in biofilm‐formation and lung‐infection, can be targeted by glycoconjugates. Here we review the wide range of inhibitors for these proteins (136 references), highlighting structural features and which impact binding affinity and/or therapeutic effects, including carbohydrate selection; linker length and rigidity; and scaffold topology, particularly for multivalent candidates. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, which build on targeting of LecA and LecB, such as anti‐biofilm activity, anti‐adhesion and drug‐delivery, with promising prospects for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtczak
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
| | - Joseph Peter Byrne
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Chemistry University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
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5
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Di Maio A, Cioce A, Achilli S, Thépaut M, Vivès C, Fieschi F, Rojo J, Reichardt NC. Controlled density glycodendron microarrays for studying carbohydrate-lectin interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7357-7362. [PMID: 34387640 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycodendron microarrays with defined valency have been constructed by on-chip synthesis on hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slides and employed in lectin-carbohydrate binding studies with several plant and human lectins. Glycodendrons presenting sugar epitopes at different valencies were prepared by spotwise strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between immobilised cyclooctyne dendrons and azide functionalised glycans. The non-covalent immobilisation of dendrons on the ITO surface by hydrophobic interaction allowed us to study dendron surface density and SPAAC conversion rate by in situ MALDI-TOF MS analysis. By diluting the dendron surface density we could study how the carbohydrate-lectin interactions became exclusively dependant on the valency of the immobilised glycodendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Maio
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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6
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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7
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Mende M, Tsouka A, Heidepriem J, Paris G, Mattes DS, Eickelmann S, Bordoni V, Wawrzinek R, Fuchsberger FF, Seeberger PH, Rademacher C, Delbianco M, Mallagaray A, Loeffler FF. On-Chip Neo-Glycopeptide Synthesis for Multivalent Glycan Presentation. Chemistry 2020; 26:9954-9963. [PMID: 32315099 PMCID: PMC7496964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single glycan-protein interactions are often weak, such that glycan binding partners commonly utilize multiple, spatially defined binding sites to enhance binding avidity and specificity. Current array technologies usually neglect defined multivalent display. Laser-based array synthesis technology allows for flexible and rapid on-surface synthesis of different peptides. By combining this technique with click chemistry, neo-glycopeptides were produced directly on a functionalized glass slide in the microarray format. Density and spatial distribution of carbohydrates can be tuned, resulting in well-defined glycan structures for multivalent display. The two lectins concanavalin A and langerin were probed with different glycans on multivalent scaffolds, revealing strong spacing-, density-, and ligand-dependent binding. In addition, we could also measure the surface dissociation constant. This approach allows for a rapid generation, screening, and optimization of a multitude of multivalent scaffolds for glycan binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alexandra Tsouka
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Grigori Paris
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Daniela S. Mattes
- Institute of Microstructure TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Stephan Eickelmann
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Vittorio Bordoni
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Felix F. Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institut für Chemie und MetabolomicsUniversität zu LübeckRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
| | - Felix F. Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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8
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Mende M, Bordoni V, Tsouka A, Loeffler FF, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Multivalent glycan arrays. Faraday Discuss 2020; 219:9-32. [PMID: 31298252 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become a powerful technology to study biological processes, such as cell-cell interaction, inflammation, and infections. Yet, several challenges, especially in multivalent display, remain. In this introductory lecture we discuss the state-of-the-art glycan microarray technology, with emphasis on novel approaches to access collections of pure glycans and their immobilization on surfaces. Future directions to mimic the natural glycan presentation on an array format, as well as in situ generation of combinatorial glycan collections, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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9
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Rohse P, Weickert S, Drescher M, Wittmann V. Precipitation-free high-affinity multivalent binding by inline lectin ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5227-5237. [PMID: 34122979 PMCID: PMC8159369 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligand-protein interactions are a key concept in biology mediating, for example, signalling and adhesion. Multivalent ligands often have tremendously increased binding affinities. However, they also can cause crosslinking of receptor molecules leading to precipitation of ligand-receptor complexes. Plaque formation due to precipitation is a known characteristic of numerous fatal diseases limiting a potential medical application of multivalent ligands with a precipitating binding mode. Here, we present a new design of high-potency multivalent ligands featuring an inline arrangement of ligand epitopes with exceptionally high binding affinities in the low nanomolar range. At the same time, we show with a multi-methodological approach that precipitation of the receptor is prevented. We distinguish distinct binding modes of the ligands, in particular we elucidate a unique chelating binding mode, where four receptor binding sites are simultaneously bridged by one multivalent ligand molecule. The new design concept of inline multivalent ligands, which we established for the well-investigated model lectin wheat germ agglutinin, has great potential for the development of high-potency multivalent inhibitors as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rohse
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Sabrina Weickert
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Malte Drescher
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Chemistry, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB) Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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10
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Hu J, Xiao Y, Shao SA, Gu R, Shi QM, Liu ZH, Yin J. Construction and application of carbohydrate microarrays to detect foodborne bacteria. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:219-225. [PMID: 32245592 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria is vital for the prevention of outbreaks of infectious diseases, including infections by the common foodborne bacteria E.coli and Salmonella Carbohydrate microarrays have been developed as a powerful method to investigate carbohydrate-protein interaction with only very small amounts of glycans, which show great potential for detect the carbohydrate mediated interaction with pathogens. Here, different mannose-coated microarrays were constructed and tested with E.coli (K-12 and BL-21) and Salmonella enterica strains (ATCC9184 and ATCC31685) exhibiting different mannose binding affinities. The optimized carbohydrate microarray was then applied to test the binding of 12 Salmonella enterica and 9 E.coli isolates from local patients for the first time and showed strong binding with certain serovars or subtypes. The results showed that microarray probed with the single mannose structure is not enough for the detection of bacteria with various serovars or subtypes, which contain a high degree of allelic variation in adhesin. We suggest that a complex carbohydrate microarray containing different glycan conformation may be needed for detection of different bacteria isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Microbiology Laboratory, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-An Shao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qi-Min Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Haab BB, Klamer Z. Advances in Tools to Determine the Glycan-Binding Specificities of Lectins and Antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:224-232. [PMID: 31848260 PMCID: PMC7000120 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r119.001836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins that bind carbohydrate structures can serve as tools to quantify or localize specific glycans in biological specimens. Such proteins, including lectins and glycan-binding antibodies, are particularly valuable if accurate information is available about the glycans that a protein binds. Glycan arrays have been transformational for uncovering rich information about the nuances and complexities of glycan-binding specificity. A challenge, however, has been the analysis of the data. Because protein-glycan interactions are so complex, simplistic modes of analyzing the data and describing glycan-binding specificities have proven inadequate in many cases. This review surveys the methods for handling high-content data on protein-glycan interactions. We contrast the approaches that have been demonstrated and provide an overview of the resources that are available. We also give an outlook on the promising experimental technologies for generating new insights into protein-glycan interactions, as well as a perspective on the limitations that currently face the field.
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12
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Martinez JER, Thomas B, Flitsch SL. Glycan Array Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:435-456. [PMID: 31907566 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan (or carbohydrate) arrays have become an essential tool in glycomics, providing fast and high-throughput data on protein-carbohydrate interactions with small amounts of carbohydrate ligands. The general concepts of glycan arrays have been adopted from other microarray technologies such as those used for nucleic acid and proteins. However, carbohydrates have presented their own challenges, in particular in terms of access to glycan probes, linker attachment chemistries and analysis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. As more and more glycan probes have become available through chemical and enzymatic synthesis and robust linker chemistries have been developed, the applications of glycan arrays have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, which will be illustrated with recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- School of Chemistry and MIB, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Di Iorio D, Huskens J. Surface Modification with Control over Ligand Density for the Study of Multivalent Biological Systems. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:53-66. [PMID: 31921546 PMCID: PMC6948118 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study of multivalent interactions at interfaces, as occur for example at cell membranes, the density of the ligands or receptors displayed at the interface plays a pivotal role, affecting both the overall binding affinities and the valencies involved in the interactions. In order to control the ligand density at the interface, several approaches have been developed, and they concern the functionalization of a wide range of materials. Here, different methods employed in the modification of surfaces with controlled densities of ligands are being reviewed. Examples of such methods encompass the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and polymeric layers on surfaces. Particular emphasis is given to the methods employed in the study of different types of multivalent biological interactions occurring at the functionalized surfaces and their working principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Iorio
- Molecular NanoFabrication group MESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication group MESA+ Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
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14
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Temme JS, Campbell CT, Gildersleeve JC. Factors contributing to variability of glycan microarray binding profiles. Faraday Discuss 2019; 219:90-111. [PMID: 31338503 PMCID: PMC9335900 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions play significant roles in a wide variety of biological systems. Glycan microarrays are commonly utilized to interrogate the selectivity, sensitivity, and breadth of these complex protein-carbohydrate interactions. During the past two decades, numerous distinct glycan microarray platforms have been developed, each assembled from a variety of slide-surface chemistries, glycan-attachment chemistries, glycan presentations, linkers, and glycan densities. Comparative analyses of glycan microarray data have shown that while many protein-carbohydrate interactions behave predictably across microarrays, there are instances when various array formats produce different results. For optimal construction and use of this technology, it is important to understand sources of variances across array platforms. In this study, we performed a systematic comparison of microarray data from 8 lectins across a range of concentrations on the CFG and neoglycoprotein array platforms. While there was good general agreement on the binding specificity of the lectins on the two arrays, there were some cases of large discrepancies. Differences in glycan density and linker composition contributed significantly to variability. The results provide insights for interpreting microarray data and designing future glycan microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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15
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Rosencrantz S, Tang JSJ, Schulte‐Osseili C, Böker A, Rosencrantz RR. Glycopolymers by RAFT Polymerization as Functional Surfaces for Galectin‐3. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rosencrantz
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jo Sing Julia Tang
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christine Schulte‐Osseili
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Chair of Polymer Materials and Polymer Technologies Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco)Biotechnology Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam Germany
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16
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Lu W, Du W, Somovilla VJ, Yu G, Haksar D, de Vries E, Boons GJ, de Vries RP, de Haan CAM, Pieters RJ. Enhanced Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Adhesion by Di- and Trivalent Hemagglutinin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6398-6404. [PMID: 31251606 PMCID: PMC6627469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Multivalent carbohydrate-based ligands
were synthesized and evaluated
as inhibitors of the adhesion protein HA of the influenza A virus
(IAV). HA relies on multivalency for strong viral adhesion. While
viral adhesion inhibition by large polymeric molecules has proven
viable, limited success was reached for smaller multivalent compounds.
By linking of sialylated LAcNAc units to di- and trivalent scaffolds,
inhibitors were obtained with an up to 428-fold enhanced inhibition
in various assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , NL-3584 CL Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Victor J Somovilla
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Guangyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Diksha Haksar
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , NL-3584 CL Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , NL-3584 CL Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
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17
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Purcell SC, Godula K. Synthetic glycoscapes: addressing the structural and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180080. [PMID: 30842878 PMCID: PMC6388016 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is an information-dense network of biomacromolecules extensively modified through glycosylation that populates the cellular boundary. The glycocalyx regulates biological events ranging from cellular protection and adhesion to signalling and differentiation. Owing to the characteristically weak interactions between individual glycans and their protein binding partners, multivalency of glycan presentation is required for the high-avidity interactions needed to trigger cellular responses. As such, biological recognition at the glycocalyx interface is determined by both the structure of glycans that are present as well as their spatial distribution. While genetic and biochemical approaches have proven powerful in controlling glycan composition, modulating the three-dimensional complexity of the cell-surface 'glycoscape' at the sub-micrometre scale remains a considerable challenge in the field. This focused review highlights recent advances in glycocalyx engineering using synthetic nanoscale glycomaterials, which allows for controlled de novo assembly of complexity with precision not accessible with traditional molecular biology tools. We discuss several exciting new studies in the field that demonstrate the power of precision glycocalyx editing in living cells in revealing and controlling the complex mechanisms by which the glycocalyx regulates biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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18
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Yu G, Vicini AC, Pieters RJ. Assembly of Divalent Ligands and Their Effect on Divalent Binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecA. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2470-2488. [PMID: 30681333 PMCID: PMC6399674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Divalent
ligands were prepared as inhibitors for the adhesion protein
of the problematic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen.
Bridging two binding sites enables simultaneous binding of two galactose
moieties, which strongly enhances binding. An alternating motif of
glucose and triazole and aryl groups was shown to have the right mix
of rigidity, solubility, and ease of synthesis. Spacers were varied
with respect to the core unit as well as the aglycon portions in an
attempt to optimize dynamics and enhance interactions with the protein.
Affinities of the divalent ligands were measured by ITC, and Kd’s as low as 12 nM were determined,
notably for a compounds with either a rigid (phenyl) or flexible (butyl)
unit at the core. Introducing a phenyl aglycon moiety next to the
galactoside ligands on both termini did indeed lead to a higher enthalpy
of binding, which was more than compensated by entropic costs. The
results are discussed in terms of thermodynamics and theoretical calculations
of the expected and observed multivalency effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyun Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chiara Vicini
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht , The Netherlands
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19
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Laigre E, Tiertant C, Goyard D, Renaudet O. Identification of Nanomolar Lectin Ligands by a Glycodendrimer Microarray. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14013-14020. [PMID: 30411056 PMCID: PMC6210076 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes. These interactions are usually weak, with dissociation constants in the low millimolar to high micromolar range. Nature uses multivalency to reach high avidities via the glycoside cluster effect. Capitalizing on this effect, numerous synthetic multivalent glycoconjugates have been described and used as ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins. However, valency is only one of the several parameters governing the binding mechanisms that are different for every biological receptor, making it almost impossible to predict. In this context, ligand optimization requires the screening of a large number of structures with different valencies, rigidities/flexibilities, and architectures. In this article, we describe a screening platform based on a glycodendrimer array and its use to determine the key parameters for high-affinity ligands of lectin. Several glycoclusters and glycodendrimers displaying varying numbers of α-N-acetylgalactosamine residues were covalently attached on glass slides, and their bindings were studied with the fluorophore-functionalized Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) used as a lectin model. This technique requires minimal quantities of glycoconjugate compared to those for other techniques and affords useful information on the binding strength. Building of the glycodendrimer array and quantification of the interactions with HPA are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Laigre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Tiertant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS,
DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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20
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Zhang H, Laaf D, Elling L, Pieters RJ. Thiodigalactoside-Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugates as High-Potency Inhibitors of Galectin-3: An Outstanding Example of Multivalent Presentation of Small Molecule Inhibitors. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1266-1275. [PMID: 29474087 PMCID: PMC5909177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Galectin inhibitors
are urgently needed to understand the mode
of action and druggability of different galectins, but potent and
selective agents still evade researchers. Small-sized inhibitors based
on thiodigalactoside (TDG) have shown their potential while modifications
at their C3 position indicated a strategy to improve selectivity and
potency. Considering the role of galectins as glycoprotein traffic
police, involved in multivalent bridging interactions, we aimed to
create multivalent versions of the potent TDG inhibitors. We herein
present for the first time the multivalent attachment of a TDG derivative
using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the scaffold. An efficient synthetic
method is presented to obtain a novel type of neoglycosylated proteins
loaded with different numbers of TDG moieties. A polyethylene glycol
(PEG)-spacer is introduced between the TDG and the protein scaffold
maintaining appropriate accessibility for an adequate galectin interaction.
The novel conjugates were evaluated in galectin binding and inhibition
studies in vitro. The conjugate with a moderate density
of 19 conjugated TDGs was identified as one of the most potent multivalent
Gal-3 inhibitors so far, with a clear demonstration of the benefit
of a multivalent ligand presentation. The described method may facilitate
the development of specific galectin inhibitors and their application
in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 20 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering , RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 20 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
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21
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Kim HS, Hyun JY, Park SH, Shin I. Analysis of binding properties of pathogens and toxins using multivalent glycan microarrays. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14898-14905. [PMID: 35541319 PMCID: PMC9080041 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens infect hosts often through initial binding of their cell surface lectins to glycans expressed on the exterior of host cells. Thus, methods to evaluate the glycan-binding properties of pathogens are of great importance. Because of the multivalent nature of interactions of pathogens with glycans, the ability to assess the glycan density-dependent binding of pathogens is particularly important. In this study, we developed a facile technique to construct multivalent carbohydrate microarrays through immobilization of unmodified glycans on multivalent hydrazide-derivatized glass surfaces. This immobilization strategy does not require the use of multivalent glycoconjugates, which are typically prepared by using multistep sequences. The results of analysis of microarray images, obtained after incubation of multivalent glycan microarrays with cholera toxin B and pathogens such as uropathogenic E. coli and H. pylori, show that the binding affinities of toxins and pathogens for glycans are highly glycan density-dependent. Specifically, toxins and pathogens bind to glycans more strongly as the valency of the glycans on the microarrays is increased from 1 to 4. It is anticipated that the newly developed immobilization method will be applicable to the preparation of multivalent carbohydrate microarrays that are employed to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of a variety of pathogens and toxins. Microarrays constructed by immobilizing free glycans on multivalent hydrazide-coated surfaces were applied to evaluate multivalent glycan binding properties of pathogens.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Sub Kim
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Lin TH, Lin CH, Liu YJ, Huang CY, Lin YC, Wang SK. Controlling Ligand Spacing on Surface: Polyproline-Based Fluorous Microarray as a Tool in Spatial Specificity Analysis and Inhibitor Development for Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41691-41699. [PMID: 29148699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions are essential for many biological processes. Convenient characterization for multivalent binding property of proteins will aid the development of molecules to manipulate these processes. We exploited the polyproline helix II (PPII) structure as molecular scaffolds to adjust the distances between glycan ligand attachment sites at 9, 18, and 27 Å on a peptide scaffold. Optimized fluorous groups were also introduced to the peptide scaffold for immobilization to the microarray surface through fluorous interaction to control the orientation of the helical scaffolds. Using lectin LecA and antibody 2G12 as model proteins, the binding preference to the 27 Å glycopeptide scaffold, matched the distance of 26 Å between its two galactose binding sites on LecA and 31 Å spacing between oligomannose binding sites on 2G12, respectively. We further demonstrate this microarray system can aid the development of inhibitors by transforming the selected surface-bound scaffold into multivalent ligands in solution. This strategy can be extended to analyze proteins that lacking structural information to speed up the design of potent and selective multivalent ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hsueh Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Cin-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ying-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chun Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yen-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Sheng-Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan R.O.C
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23
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Rohse P, Wittmann V. Mechanistic Insight into Nanomolar Binding of Multivalent Neoglycopeptides to Wheat Germ Agglutinin. Chemistry 2016; 22:9724-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rohse
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); University of Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB); University of Konstanz; 78457 Konstanz Germany
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24
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Huang ML, Fisher CJ, Godula K. Glycomaterials for probing host-pathogen interactions and the immune response. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1042-53. [PMID: 27190259 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216647811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial engagement of host cells by pathogens is often mediated by glycan structures presented on the cell surface. Various components of the glycocalyx can be targeted by pathogens for adhesion to facilitate infection. Glycans also play integral roles in the modulation of the host immune response to infection. Therefore, understanding the parameters that define glycan interactions with both pathogens and the various components of the host immune system can aid in the development of strategies to prevent, interrupt, or manage infection. Glycomaterials provide a unique and powerful tool with which to interrogate the compositional and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. The objective of this review is to highlight some key contributions from this area of research in deciphering the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the associated host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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25
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Mydock-McGrane LK, Cusumano ZT, Janetka JW. Mannose-derived FimH antagonists: a promising anti-virulence therapeutic strategy for urinary tract infections and Crohn’s disease. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:175-97. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2016.1131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Park H, Walta S, Rosencrantz RR, Körner A, Schulte C, Elling L, Richtering W, Böker A. Micelles from self-assembled double-hydrophilic PHEMA-glycopolymer-diblock copolymers as multivalent scaffolds for lectin binding. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00797f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a novel double-hydrophilic hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) based diblock glycopolymer which self-assembles into homogeneous spherical micellar structures in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Park
- DWI – Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen
- Aachen
- Germany
| | - S. Walta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- JARA – Soft Matter Science
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - R. R. Rosencrantz
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - A. Körner
- DWI – Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen
- Aachen
- Germany
| | - C. Schulte
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - L. Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials
- Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - W. Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- JARA – Soft Matter Science
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - A. Böker
- DWI – Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflächen
- Aachen
- Germany
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27
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Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1693-752. [PMID: 26702928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in a variety of biological processes. The ability of sugars to form a large number of hydrogen bonds has made them important components for supramolecular chemistry. We discuss recent advances in the use of carbohydrates in supramolecular chemistry and reveal that carbohydrates are useful building blocks for the stabilization of complex architectures. Systems are presented according to the scaffold that supports the glyco-conjugate: organic macrocycles, dendrimers, nanomaterials, and polymers are considered. Glyco-conjugates can form host-guest complexes, and can self-assemble by using carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions and other weak interactions such as π-π interactions. Finally, complex supramolecular architectures based on carbohydrate-protein interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Priya Bharate
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Sialic acids in biological and therapeutic processes: opportunities and challenges. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2285-99. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well documented that carbohydrates play multiple roles in biological processes, and hence are interesting targets for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry programs. This review focuses on a subset of carbohydrates, specifically sialic acid containing carbohydrates. It highlights their occurrence and diversity, and presents evidence for their roles in a range of biological pathways. It illustrates that they are targets for novel medicinal chemistry strategies for a range of therapeutic areas, including cancer and immunity. Case studies highlight opportunities and challenges in this area, and sialic acid-based drugs that have entered clinical practice and are promising candidates for future disease intervention schemes, are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting perspectives and emerging roles for these targets.
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29
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Böcker S, Laaf D, Elling L. Galectin Binding to Neo-Glycoproteins: LacDiNAc Conjugated BSA as Ligand for Human Galectin-3. Biomolecules 2015. [PMID: 26213980 PMCID: PMC4598770 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-lectin interactions are relatively weak. As they play an important role in biological recognition processes, multivalent glycan ligands are designed to enhance binding affinity and inhibitory potency. We here report on novel neo-glycoproteins based on bovine serum albumin as scaffold for multivalent presentation of ligands for galectins. We prepared two kinds of tetrasaccharides (N-acetyllactosamine and N,N-diacetyllactosamine terminated) by multi-step chemo-enzymatic synthesis utilizing recombinant glycosyltransferases. Subsequent conjugation of these glycans to lysine groups of bovine serum albumin via squaric acid diethyl ester yielded a set of 22 different neo-glycoproteins with tuned ligand density. The neo-glycoproteins were analyzed by biochemical and chromatographic methods proving various modification degrees. The neo-glycoproteins were used for binding and inhibition studies with human galectin-3 showing high affinity. Binding strength and inhibition potency are closely related to modification density and show binding enhancement by multivalent ligand presentation. At galectin-3 concentrations comparable to serum levels of cancer patients, we detect the highest avidities. Selectivity of N,N-diacetyllactosamine terminated structures towards galectin-3 in comparison to galectin-1 is demonstrated. Moreover, we also see strong inhibitory potency of our scaffolds towards galectin-3 binding. These novel neo-glycoproteins may therefore serve as selective and strong galectin-3 ligands in cancer related biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Böcker
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominic Laaf
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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30
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Debrassi A, Roeven E, Thijssen S, Scheres L, de Vos WM, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H. Versatile (bio)functionalization of bromo-terminated phosphonate-modified porous aluminum oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5633-5644. [PMID: 25919333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous aluminum oxide (PAO) is a nanoporous material used for various (bio)technological applications, and tailoring its surface properties via covalent modification is a way to expand and refine its application. Specific and complex chemical modification of the PAO surface requires a stepwise approach in which a secondary reaction on a stable initial modification is necessary to achieve the desired terminal molecular architecture and reactivity. We here show that the straightforward initial modification of the bare PAO surface with bromo-terminated phosphonic acid allows for the subsequent preparation of PAO with a wide scope of terminal reactive groups, making it suitable for (bio)functionalization. Starting from the initial bromo-terminated PAO, we prepared PAO surfaces presenting various terminal functional groups, such as azide, alkyne, alkene, thiol, isothiocyanate, and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). We also show that this wide scope of easily accessible tailored reactive PAO surfaces can be used for subsequent modification with (bio)molecules, including carbohydrate derivatives and fluorescently labeled proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Debrassi
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Roeven
- ‡Surfix BV, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Selina Thijssen
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Scheres
- ‡Surfix BV, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- §Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- ⊥Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Multi-dimensional glycan microarrays with glyco-macroligands. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:483-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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32
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Fleck C, Memmel E, Fölsing M, Poll B, Hackl T, Seibel J, Maison W. Synthesis and Evaluation of Neoglycoconjugates Based on Adamantyl Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Simone G, Malara N, Trunzo V, Renne M, Perozziello G, Di Fabrizio E, Manz A. Galectin-3 coats the membrane of breast cells and makes a signature of tumours. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:258-65. [PMID: 24281352 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3, β-galactoside-binding lectin, coats the membrane of most cancer cells and is involved in metastasis and endothelium recognition as well as in evading immune surveillance through killing of activated T cells. To flag galectin as a biomarker of tumours and metastasis, it is pivotal to understand the role of this protein in different tumours and at different stages. Breast tumours have an anomalous behaviour of the galectin-3 compared to other tumour cells. Herein, FACS sorting and galactoside based assays were used to investigate the role of galectin-3 in metastasis and metastatisation of breast cancer cells. Breast galectin fingerprint at the FACS displayed a higher amount in healthy cells, compared to metastatic cells. The microfluidic assay was able to isolate tumour and metastatic cells more than healthy breast cells. Investigation was performed on samples from patients with breast tumours at stage I and stage III whilst MCF7 and EPH-4 cells were used to perform preliminary investigations. The readout of the conditioned medium (from culturing of stage I cells) fingerprint by FACS evidenced high expression of free galectin. Analysis of the results established that the galectin coating the membrane, by galactoside recognition of the breast cells, and engaged by the cells to form protein-carbohydrate complexes inside the microfluidic assay, resembled the tumour signature of tumours in breast cells whilst the galectin free is independent of those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7 1, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
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Wang L, Cummings RD, Smith DF, Huflejt M, Campbell CT, Gildersleeve JC, Gerlach JQ, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Serna S, Reichardt NC, Parera Pera N, Pieters RJ, Eng W, Mahal LK. Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats. Glycobiology 2014; 24:507-17. [PMID: 24658466 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University Department of Chemistry, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Eriksson M, Serna S, Maglinao M, Schlegel MK, Seeberger PH, Reichardt NC, Lepenies B. Biological evaluation of multivalent lewis X-MGL-1 interactions. Chembiochem 2014; 15:844-51. [PMID: 24616167 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by antigen-presenting cells are pattern-recognition receptors involved in the recognition of pathogens as well as of self-antigens. The interaction of carbohydrate ligands with a CLR can trigger immune responses. Although several CLR ligands are known, there is limited insight into CLR targeting by carbohydrate ligands. The weak affinity of lectin-carbohydrate interactions often renders multivalent carbohydrate presentation necessary. Here, we have analyzed the impact of multivalent presentation of the trisaccharide Lewis X (Le(X) ) epitope on its interaction with the CLR macrophage galactose-type lectin-1 (MGL-1). Glycan arrays, including N-glycan structures with terminal Le(X) , were prepared by enzymatic extension of immobilized synthetic core structures with two recombinant glycosyltransferases. Incubation of arrays with an MGL-1-hFc fusion protein showed up to tenfold increased binding to multiantennary N-glycans displaying Le(X) structures, compared to monovalent Le(X) trisaccharide. Multivalent presentation of Le(X) on the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) led to increased cytokine production in a dendritic cell /T cell coculture system. Furthermore, immunization of mice with Le(X) -OVA conjugates modulated cytokine production and the humoral response, compared to OVA alone. This study provides insights into how multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions can be exploited to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Eriksson
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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37
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Debrassi A, Ribbera A, de Vos WM, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H. Stability of (bio)functionalized porous aluminum oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1311-1320. [PMID: 24471580 DOI: 10.1021/la403525z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Porous aluminum oxide (PAO), a nanostructured support for, among others, culturing microorganisms, was chemically modified in order to attach biomolecules that can selectively interact with target bacteria. We present the first comprehensive study of monolayer-modified PAO using conditions that are relevant to microbial growth with a range of functional groups (carboxylic acid, α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, alkyne, alkene, phosphonic acid, and silane). Their stability was initially assessed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.0) at room temperature. The most stable combination (PAO with phosphonic acids) was further studied over a range of physiological pHs (4-8) and temperatures (up to 80 °C). Varying the pH had no significant effect on the stability, but it gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The stability of phosphonic acid-modified PAO surfaces was shown to depend strongly on the other terminal group of the monolayer structure: in general, hydrophilic monolayers were less stable than hydrophobic monolayers. Finally, an alkyne-terminated PAO surface was reacted with an azide-linked mannose derivative. The resulting mannose-presenting PAO surface showed the clearly increased adherence of a mannose-binding bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum, and also allowed for bacterial outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Debrassi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Song X, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD, Smith DF. Chemistry of natural glycan microarrays. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 18:70-7. [PMID: 24487062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycan microarrays have become indispensable tools for studying protein-glycan interactions. Along with chemo-enzymatic synthesis, glycans isolated from natural sources have played important roles in array development and will continue to be a major source of glycans. N-glycans and O-glycans from glycoproteins, and glycans from glycosphingolipids (GSLs) can be released from corresponding glycoconjugates with relatively mature methods, although isolation of large numbers and quantities of glycans is still very challenging. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are less represented on current glycan microarrays. Glycan microarray development has been greatly facilitated by bifunctional fluorescent linkers, which can be applied in a 'Shotgun Glycomics' approach to incorporate isolated natural glycans. Glycan presentation on microarrays may affect glycan binding by GBPs, often through multivalent recognition by the GBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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39
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Pera NP, Pieters RJ. Towards bacterial adhesion-based therapeutics and detection methods. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is an important first step towards bacterial infection and plays a role in colonization, invasion and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Parera Pera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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40
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van Ameijde J, Overvoorde J, Knapp S, den Hertog J, Ruijtenbeek R, Liskamp RMJ. Real-Time Monitoring of the Dephosphorylating Activity of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Using Microarrays with 3-Nitrophosphotyrosine Substrates. Chempluschem 2013; 78:1349-1357. [PMID: 31986648 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases and kinases regulate the crucial phosphorylation post-translational modification. In spite of their similarly important role in many diseases and therapeutic potential, phosphatases have received arguably less attention. One reason for this is a scarcity of high-throughput phosphatase assays. Herein, a new real-time, dynamic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) substrate microarray assay measuring product formation is described. PTP substrates comprising a novel 3-nitrophosphotyrosine residue are immobilized in discrete spots. After reaction catalyzed by a PTP a 3-nitrotyrosine residue is formed that can be detected by specific, sequence-independent antibodies. The resulting microarray was successfully evaluated with a panel of recombinant PTPs and cell lysates, which afforded results comparable to data from other assays. Its parallel nature, convenience, and low sample requirements facilitate investigation of the therapeutically relevant PTP enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Ameijde
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) (0)30-253-6655.,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CA Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - John Overvoorde
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3508 AD Utrecht (The Netherlands)
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ (U.K.)
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute, KNAW and University Medical Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3508 AD Utrecht (The Netherlands).,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden (The Netherlands)
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- Pamgene International Ltd. Wolvenhoek 10, 5200 BJ Den Bosch (The Netherlands)
| | - Rob M J Liskamp
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) (0)30-253-6655.,School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow University, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ (U.K.)
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41
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Doknic D, Abramo M, Sutkeviciute I, Reinhardt A, Guzzi C, Schlegel MK, Potenza D, Nieto PM, Fieschi F, Seeberger PH, Bernardi A. Synthesis and Characterization of Linker-Armed Fucose-Based Glycomimetics. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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42
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Simone G, Malara N, Trunzo V, Perozziello G, Neuzil P, Francardi M, Roveda L, Renne M, Prati U, Mollace V, Manz A, Di Fabrizio E. Protein-carbohydrate complex reveals circulating metastatic cells in a microfluidic assay. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2152-2161. [PMID: 23401360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate sequencing technologies reveal the tremendous complexity of the glycome and the role that glycomics might have to bring insight into the biological functions. Carbohydrate-protein interactions, in particular, are known to be crucial to most mammalian physiological processes as mediators of cell adhesion and metastasis, signal transducers, and organizers of protein interactions. An assay is developed here to mimic the multivalency of biological complexes that selectively and sensitively detect carbohydrate-protein interactions. The binding of β-galactosides and galectin-3--a protein that is correlated to the progress of tumor and metastasis--is examined. The efficiency of the assay is related to the expression of the receptor while anchoring to the interaction's strength. Comparative binding experiments reveal molecular binding preferences. This study establishes that the assay is robust to isolate metastatic cells from colon affected patients and paves the way to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Simone
- KIST Europe, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany.
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43
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Abstract
In the last decade, carbohydrate microarrays have been core technologies for analyzing carbohydrate-mediated recognition events in a high-throughput fashion. A number of methods have been exploited for immobilizing glycans on the solid surface in a microarray format. This microarray-based technology has been widely employed for rapid analysis of the glycan binding properties of lectins and antibodies, the quantitative measurements of glycan-protein interactions, detection of cells and pathogens, identification of disease-related anti-glycan antibodies for diagnosis, and fast assessment of substrate specificities of glycosyltransferases. This review covers the construction of carbohydrate microarrays, detection methods of carbohydrate microarrays and their applications in biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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44
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Wehner JW, Hartmann M, Lindhorst TK. Are multivalent cluster glycosides a means of controlling ligand density of glycoarrays? Carbohydr Res 2013; 371:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pertici F, Varga N, van Duijn A, Rey-Carrizo M, Bernardi A, Pieters RJ. Efficient synthesis of phenylene-ethynylene rods and their use as rigid spacers in divalent inhibitors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:215-22. [PMID: 23400701 PMCID: PMC3566787 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of phenylene-ethynylene rods and their use as rigid spacers is described. Alternation of a Sonogashira reaction and silyl group cleavage was used to obtain rigid spacers with even and odd numbers of phenylene units. Preliminary applications of these rods in divalent systems are shown. Inhibition studies with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa lectin LecA showed that the rigid spacer proved greatly beneficial for the inhibitory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pertici
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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46
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Wojcik F, O'Brien AG, Götze S, Seeberger PH, Hartmann L. Synthesis of carbohydrate-functionalised sequence-defined oligo(amidoamine)s by photochemical thiol-ene coupling in a continuous flow reactor. Chemistry 2013; 19:3090-8. [PMID: 23325532 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly/oligo(amidoamine)s (PAAs) have recently been recognised for their potential as well-defined scaffolds for multiple carbohydrate presentation and as multivalent ligands. Herein, we report two complimentary strategies for the preparation of such sequence-defined carbohydrate-functionalised PAAs that use photochemical thiol-ene coupling (TEC) as an alternative to the established azide-alkyne cycloaddition ("click") reaction. In the first approach, PAAs that contained multiple olefins were synthesised on a solid support from a new building block and subsequent conjugation with unprotected thio-carbohydrates. Alternatively, a pre-functionalised building block was prepared by using TEC and assembled on a solid support to provide a carbohydrate-functionalised PAA. Both methods rely on the use of a continuous flow photoreactor for the TEC reactions. This system is highly efficient, owing to its short path length, and requires no additional radical initiator. Performing the reactions at 254 nm in Teflon AF-2400 tubing provides a highly efficient TEC procedure for carbohydrate conjugation, as demonstrated in the reactions of O-allyl glycosides with thiols. This method allowed the complete functionalisation of all of the reactive sites on the PAA backbone in a single step, thereby obtaining a defined homogeneous sequence. Furthermore, reaction at 366 nm in FEP tubing in the flow reactor enabled the large-scale synthesis of an fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected glycosylated building block, which was shown to be suitable for solid-phase synthesis and will also allow heterogeneous sequence control of different carbohydrates along the oligomeric backbone. These developments enable the synthesis of sequence-defined carbohydrate-functionalised PAAs with potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wojcik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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47
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Wittmann V, Pieters RJ. Bridging lectin binding sites by multivalent carbohydrates. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4492-503. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Development of a microarray detection method for galectin cancer proteins based on ligand binding. Anal Biochem 2012; 434:99-104. [PMID: 23149235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the development of a novel detection method for the visualization of ligand-binding proteins. Current proteomic tools, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are based on protein abundance rather than protein activity and can result in conflicting data. To address this issue, we developed an assay in which ligand binding is detected using a microarray approach with immobilized antibodies on a porous aluminum oxide matrix. The galectin family of proteins was used as a model system to evaluate the performance of this approach. Galectins selectively bind galactosides and are linked to cancer progression. Our assay employed antibodies directed against different galectins. The antibodies were immobilized on the microarray surface by use of protein A/G. In our example, galectin-1 and galectin-9 were then detected in cell lysates. Lysates were exposed to the anti-galectin surface, followed by washing and quantification with a general fluorescent galectin ligand. The optimal galectin ligand allowed detection of nanogram amounts of galectin using only 1 μg of antibody. Galectin-1 was visualized in HeLa and tumor cell lysates, indicating the potential of the method for a clinical setting.
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49
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Modern Carbohydrate Microarray Biochip Technologies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Fülöp L, Mándity IM, Juhász G, Szegedi V, Hetényi A, Wéber E, Bozsó Z, Simon D, Benkő M, Király Z, Martinek TA. A foldamer-dendrimer conjugate neutralizes synaptotoxic β-amyloid oligomers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39485. [PMID: 22859942 PMCID: PMC3408453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unnatural self-organizing biomimetic polymers (foldamers) emerged as promising materials for biomolecule recognition and inhibition. Our goal was to construct multivalent foldamer-dendrimer conjugates which wrap the synaptotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers with high affinity through their helical foldamer tentacles. Oligomeric Aβ species play pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease, therefore recognition and direct inhibition of this undruggable target is a great current challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS Short helical β-peptide foldamers with designed secondary structures and side chain chemistry patterns were applied as potential recognition segments and their binding to the target was tested with NMR methods (saturation transfer difference and transferred-nuclear Overhauser effect). Helices exhibiting binding in the µM region were coupled to a tetravalent G0-PAMAM dendrimer. In vitro biophysical (isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography) and biochemical tests (ELISA and dot blot) indicated the tight binding between the foldamer conjugates and the Aβ oligomers. Moreover, a selective low nM interaction with the low molecular weight fraction of the Aβ oligomers was found. Ex vivo electrophysiological experiments revealed that the new material rescues the long-term potentiation from the toxic Aβ oligomers in mouse hippocampal slices at submicromolar concentration. CONCLUSIONS The combination of the foldamer methodology, the fragment-based approach and the multivalent design offers a pathway to unnatural protein mimetics that are capable of specific molecular recognition, and has already resulted in an inhibitor for an extremely difficult target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szegedi
- Bay Zoltán Foundation for Applied Research – BAYGEN, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Wéber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bozsó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Simon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Király
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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