1
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Chen B, Li R, Feng J, Zhao B, Zhang J, Yu J, Xu Y, Xing Z, Zhao Y, Wang B, Huang X. Modular Access to Chiral Amines via Imine Reductase-Based Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14278-14286. [PMID: 38727720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of catalysts serves as the cornerstone of innovation in synthesis, as exemplified by the recent discovery of photoenzymes. However, the repertoire of naturally occurring enzymes repurposed by direct light excitation to catalyze new-to-nature photobiotransformations is currently limited to flavoproteins and keto-reductases. Herein, we shed light on imine reductases (IREDs) that catalyze the remote C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation, providing a previously elusive radical hydroalkylation of enamides for accessing chiral amines (45 examples with up to 99% enantiomeric excess). Beyond their natural function in catalyzing two-electron reductive amination reactions, upon direct visible-light excitation or in synergy with a synthetic photoredox catalyst, IREDs are repurposed to tune the non-natural photoinduced single-electron radical processes. By conducting wet mechanistic experiments and computational simulations, we unravel how engineered IREDs direct radical intermediates toward the productive and enantioselective pathway. This work represents a promising paradigm for harnessing nature's catalysts for new-to-nature asymmetric transformations that remain challenging through traditional chemocatalytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Li X, Hu Y, Bailey JD, Lipshutz BH. Impact of Nonionic Surfactants on Reactions of IREDs. Applications to Tandem Chemoenzymatic Sequences in Water. Org Lett 2024; 26:2778-2783. [PMID: 37883080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of added surfactant to aqueous reaction mixtures containing various IREDs has been determined. Just the presence of a nonionic surfactant tends to increase both rates and extent of conversion to the targeted amines. The latter can be as much as >40% relative to buffer alone. Several tandem sequences featuring several steps that combine use of an IRED together with various types of chemocatalysis are also presented, highlighting the opportunities for utilizing chemoenzymatic catalysis, all in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuting Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - J Daniel Bailey
- Process Chemistry Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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3
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Daniel-Ivad P, Ryan KS. An imine reductase that captures reactive intermediates in the biosynthesis of the indolocarbazole reductasporine. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105642. [PMID: 38199566 PMCID: PMC10851217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) and reductive aminases have been used in the synthesis of chiral amine products for drug manufacturing; however, little is known about their biological contexts. Here we employ structural studies and site-directed mutagenesis to interrogate the mechanism of the IRED RedE from the biosynthetic pathway to the indolocarbazole natural product reductasporine. Cocrystal structures with the substrate-mimic arcyriaflavin A reveal an extended active site cleft capable of binding two indolocarbazole molecules. Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved aspartate in the primary binding site reveals a new role for this residue in anchoring the substrate above the NADPH cofactor. Variants targeting the secondary binding site greatly reduce catalytic efficiency, while accumulating oxidized side-products. As indolocarbazole biosynthetic intermediates are susceptible to spontaneous oxidation, we propose the secondary site acts to protect against autooxidation, and the primary site drives catalysis through precise substrate orientation and desolvation effects. The structure of RedE with its extended active site can be the starting point as a new scaffold for engineering IREDs and reductive aminases to intercept large substrates relevant to industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Daniel-Ivad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine S Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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4
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Yuan B, Yang D, Qu G, Turner NJ, Sun Z. Biocatalytic reductive aminations with NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes: enzyme discovery, engineering and synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:227-262. [PMID: 38059509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are pivotal building blocks for the pharmaceutical industry. Asymmetric reductive amination is one of the most efficient and atom economic methodologies for the synthesis of optically active amines. Among the various strategies available, NAD(P)H-dependent amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) and imine reductases (IREDs) are robust enzymes that are available from various sources and capable of utilizing a broad range of substrates with high activities and stereoselectivities. AmDHs and IREDs operate via similar mechanisms, both involving a carbinolamine intermediate followed by hydride transfer from the co-factor. In addition, both groups catalyze the formation of primary and secondary amines utilizing both organic and inorganic amine donors. In this review, we discuss advances in developing AmDHs and IREDs as biocatalysts and focus on evolutionary history, substrate scope and applications of the enzymes to provide an outlook on emerging industrial biotechnologies of chiral amine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dameng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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5
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Yu Y, Rué Casamajo A, Finnigan W, Schnepel C, Barker R, Morrill C, Heath RS, De Maria L, Turner NJ, Scrutton NS. Structure-Based Design of Small Imine Reductase Panels for Target Substrates. ACS Catal 2023; 13:12310-12321. [PMID: 37736118 PMCID: PMC10510103 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is important in the discovery, development, and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. However, the identification of enzymes for target transformations of interest requires major screening efforts. Here, we report a structure-based computational workflow to prioritize protein sequences by a score based on predicted activities on substrates, thereby reducing a resource-intensive laboratory-based biocatalyst screening. We selected imine reductases (IREDs) as a class of biocatalysts to illustrate the application of the computational workflow termed IREDFisher. Validation by using published data showed that IREDFisher can retrieve the best enzymes and increase the hit rate by identifying the top 20 ranked sequences. The power of IREDFisher is confirmed by computationally screening 1400 sequences for chosen reductive amination reactions with different levels of complexity. Highly active IREDs were identified by only testing 20 samples in vitro. Our speed test shows that it only takes 90 min to rank 85 sequences from user input and 30 min for the established IREDFisher database containing 591 IRED sequences. IREDFisher is available as a user-friendly web interface (https://enzymeevolver.com/IREDFisher). IREDFisher enables the rapid discovery of IREDs for applications in synthesis and directed evolution studies, with minimal time and resource expenditure. Future use of the workflow with other enzyme families could be implemented following the modification of the workflow scoring function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
- Augmented
Biologics Discovery & Design, Department of Biologics Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K.
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - William Finnigan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Christian Schnepel
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Rhys Barker
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Morrill
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Leonardo De Maria
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology
(RI), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
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6
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Zhou H, Chuang P, Xu L, Wu Q. Asymmetric Synthesis of Bulky N-Cyclopropylmethyl-1-aryl-1-phenylmethylamines Catalyzed by Engineered Imine Reductases. Org Lett 2023; 25:6688-6692. [PMID: 37671859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic reduction of diphenylmethanimine derivatives has rarely been reported owing to their steric hindrance. Herein, imine reductase (IRED) from Nocardia cyriacigeorgica rationally engineered with an efficient strategy of focused rational iterative site-specific mutagenesis (FRISM) was selected for the reduction of a series of N-cyclopropylmethyl-1-aryl-1-phenylmethylimines. Two highly enantioselective IRED variants were identified, providing various bulky amine products with moderate to high yields and high ee values (up to >99%). This work provided an effective method to construct these important pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Peihsuan Chuang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Leyan Xu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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7
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Sharma M, Cuetos A, Willliams A, González-Martínez D, Grogan G. Structure of the imine reductase from Ajellomyces dermatitidis in three crystal forms. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2023; 79:224-230. [PMID: 37581897 PMCID: PMC10478762 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x23006672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADPH-dependent imine reductase from Ajellomyces dermatitidis (AdRedAm) catalyzes the reductive amination of certain ketones with amine donors supplied in an equimolar ratio. The structure of AdRedAm has been determined in three forms. The first form, which belongs to space group P3121 and was refined to 2.01 Å resolution, features two molecules (one dimer) in the asymmetric unit in complex with the redox-inactive cofactor NADPH4. The second form, which belongs to space group C21 and was refined to 1.73 Å resolution, has nine molecules (four and a half dimers) in the asymmetric unit, each complexed with NADP+. The third form, which belongs to space group P3121 and was refined to 1.52 Å resolution, has one molecule (one half-dimer) in the asymmetric unit. This structure was again complexed with NADP+ and also with the substrate 2,2-difluoroacetophenone. The different data sets permit the analysis of AdRedAm in different conformational states and also reveal the molecular basis of stereoselectivity in the transformation of fluorinated acetophenone substrates by the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Willliams
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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8
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Gilio A, Thorpe TW, Heyam A, Petchey MR, Pogrányi B, France SP, Howard RM, Karmilowicz MJ, Lewis R, Turner N, Grogan G. A Reductive Aminase Switches to Imine Reductase Mode for a Bulky Amine Substrate. ACS Catal 2023; 13:1669-1677. [PMID: 36776386 PMCID: PMC9903292 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) catalyze the asymmetric reduction of cyclic imines, but also in some cases the coupling of ketones and amines to form secondary amine products in an enzyme-catalyzed reductive amination (RedAm) reaction. Enzymatic RedAm reactions have typically used small hydrophobic amines, but many interesting pharmaceutical targets require that larger amines be used in these coupling reactions. Following the identification of IR77 from Ensifer adhaerens as a promising biocatalyst for the reductive amination of cyclohexanone with pyrrolidine, we have characterized the ability of this enzyme to catalyze couplings with larger bicyclic amines such as isoindoline and octahydrocyclopenta(c)pyrrole. By comparing the activity of IR77 with reductions using sodium cyanoborohydride in water, it was shown that, while the coupling of cyclohexanone and pyrrolidine involved at least some element of reductive amination, the amination with the larger amines likely occurred ex situ, with the imine recruited from solution for enzyme reduction. The structure of IR77 was determined, and using this as a basis, structure-guided mutagenesis, coupled with point mutations selecting improving amino acid sites suggested by other groups, permitted the identification of a mutant A208N with improved activity for amine product formation. Improvements in conversion were attributed to greater enzyme stability as revealed by X-ray crystallography and nano differential scanning fluorimetry. The mutant IR77-A208N was applied to the preparative scale amination of cyclohexanone at 50 mM concentration, with 1.2 equiv of three larger amines, in isolated yields of up to 93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia
K. Gilio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Thomas W. Thorpe
- School
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Alex Heyam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Petchey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Balázs Pogrányi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Scott P. France
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roger M. Howard
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J. Karmilowicz
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Russell Lewis
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas Turner
- School
of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.,
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9
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Cárdenas‐Fernández M, Roddan R, Carter EM, Hailes HC, Ward JM. The Discovery of Imine Reductases and their Utilisation for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. ChemCatChem 2023; 15:e202201126. [PMID: 37081856 PMCID: PMC10107726 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) are NADPH-dependent enzymes with significant biocatalytic potential for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary chiral amines. Their applications include the reduction of cyclic imines and the reductive amination of prochiral ketones. In this study, twenty-nine novel IREDs were revealed through genome mining. Imine reductase activities were screened at pH 7 and 9 and in presence of either NADPH or NADH; some IREDs showed good activities at both pHs and were able to accept both cofactors. IREDs with Asn and Glu at the key 187 residue showed preference for NADH. IREDs were also screened against a series of dihydroisoquinolines to synthesise tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs), bioactive alkaloids with a wide range of therapeutic properties. Selected IREDs showed high stereoselectivity, as well high THIQ yields (>90 %) when coupled to a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for NADPH cofactor recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Cárdenas‐Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
- School of Biosciences University of Kent K ent CT2 7NJ UK
| | - Rebecca Roddan
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Eve M. Carter
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London Gower Street, Bernard Katz Building London WC1E 6BT UK
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10
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Harawa V, Thorpe TW, Marshall JR, Sangster JJ, Gilio AK, Pirvu L, Heath RS, Angelastro A, Finnigan JD, Charnock SJ, Nafie JW, Grogan G, Whitehead RC, Turner NJ. Synthesis of Stereoenriched Piperidines via Chemo-Enzymatic Dearomatization of Activated Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21088-21095. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Harawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W. Thorpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J. Sangster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia K. Gilio
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Angelastro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - James D. Finnigan
- Prozomix, Building 4, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle NE49 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Charnock
- Prozomix, Building 4, West End Ind. Estate, Haltwhistle NE49 9HA, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan W. Nafie
- BioTools, Inc., 17546 Bee Line Highway, Jupiter, Florida 33478, United States
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Roger C. Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhu J, Yang L, Wu J, Deng Z, Qu X. Engineering Imine Reductase for Efficient Biosynthesis of 1-Aryl-Tetrahydro-β-Carbolines and Their N-Methylation Products. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c06012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiequn Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
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12
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Zhang J, Liao D, Chen R, Zhu F, Ma Y, Gao L, Qu G, Cui C, Sun Z, Lei X, Gao SS. Tuning an Imine Reductase for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Azacycloalkylamines by Concise Structure-Guided Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201908. [PMID: 35322515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although imine reductases (IREDs) are emerging as attractive reductive aminases (RedAms), their substrate scope is still narrow, and rational engineering is rare. Focusing on hydrogen bond reorganization and cavity expansion, a concise strategy combining rational cavity design, combinatorial active-site saturation test (CAST), and thermostability engineering was designed, that transformed the weakly active IR-G36 into a variant M5 with superior performance for the synthesis of (R)-3-benzylamino-1-Boc-piperidine, with a 4193-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency, a 16.2 °C improvement in Tm , and a significant increase in the e.e. value from 78 % (R) to >99 % (R). M5 exhibits broad substrate scope for the synthesis of diverse azacycloalkylamines, and the reaction was demonstrated on a hectogram-scale under industrially relevant conditions. Our study provides a compelling example of the preparation of versatile and efficient IREDs, with exciting opportunities in medicinal and process chemistry as well as synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Daohong Liao
- Jiangsu JITRI Molecular Engineering Inst. Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | | | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Techno, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yaqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chengsen Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shu-Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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13
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Multifunctional biocatalyst for conjugate reduction and reductive amination. Nature 2022; 604:86-91. [PMID: 35388195 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amine diastereomers are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals1, yet their preparation often relies on low-efficiency multi-step synthesis2. These valuable compounds must be manufactured asymmetrically, as their biochemical properties can differ based on the chirality of the molecule. Herein we characterize a multifunctional biocatalyst for amine synthesis, which operates using a mechanism that is, to our knowledge, previously unreported. This enzyme (EneIRED), identified within a metagenomic imine reductase (IRED) collection3 and originating from an unclassified Pseudomonas species, possesses an unusual active site architecture that facilitates amine-activated conjugate alkene reduction followed by reductive amination. This enzyme can couple a broad selection of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls with amines for the efficient preparation of chiral amine diastereomers bearing up to three stereocentres. Mechanistic and structural studies have been carried out to delineate the order of individual steps catalysed by EneIRED, which have led to a proposal for the overall catalytic cycle. This work shows that the IRED family can serve as a platform for facilitating the discovery of further enzymatic activities for application in synthetic biology and organic synthesis.
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14
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Zhang J, Liao D, Chen R, Zhu F, Ma Y, Gao L, Qu G, Cui C, Sun Z, Lei X, Gao S. Tuning an Imine Reductase for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Azacycloalkylamines by Concise Structure‐Guided Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Daohong Liao
- Jiangsu JITRI Molecular Engineering Inst. Co., Ltd. Jiangsu 215500 China
| | | | - Fangfang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science & Techno Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yaqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Lei Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100091 China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Chengsen Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100091 China
| | - Shu‐Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
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15
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Bernhard LM, McLachlan J, Gröger H. Process Development of Enantioselective Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Syntheses of Pharmaceutically Relevant Pyrrolidines. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bernhard
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jill McLachlan
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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16
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Gilio AK, Thorpe TW, Turner N, Grogan G. Reductive aminations by imine reductases: from milligrams to tons. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4697-4713. [PMID: 35655886 PMCID: PMC9067572 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines through the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most significant reactions in synthetic chemistry. Asymmetric reductive amination for the formation of chiral amines, which are required for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other bioactive molecules, is often achieved through transition metal catalysis, but biocatalytic methods of chiral amine production have also been a focus of interest owing to their selectivity and sustainability. The discovery of asymmetric reductive amination by imine reductase (IRED) and reductive aminase (RedAm) enzymes has served as the starting point for a new industrial approach to the production of chiral amines, leading from laboratory-scale milligram transformations to ton-scale reactions that are now described in the public domain. In this perspective we trace the development of the IRED-catalyzed reductive amination reaction from its discovery to its industrial application on kg to ton scale. In addition to surveying examples of the synthetic chemistry that has been achieved with the enzymes, the contribution of structure and protein engineering to the understanding of IRED-catalyzed reductive amination is described, and the consequent benefits for activity, selectivity and stability in the design of process suitable catalysts. IRED-catalyzed reductive aminations have progressed from mg to ton scale, through advances in enzyme discovery, protein engineering and process biocatalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K. Gilio
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Thomas W. Thorpe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nicholas Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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17
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Prejanò M, Sheng X, Himo F. Computational Study of Mechanism and Enantioselectivity of Imine Reductase from Amycolatopsis orientalis. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202100250. [PMID: 34825518 PMCID: PMC8734122 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) are NADPH-dependent enzymes (NADPH=nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) that catalyze the reduction of imines to amines. They exhibit high enantioselectivity for a broad range of substrates, making them of interest for biocatalytic applications. In this work, we have employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origins of enantioselectivity of IRED from Amycolatopsis orientalis. Two substrates are considered, namely 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline and 2-propyl-piperideine. A model of the active site is built on the basis of the available crystal structure. For both substrates, different binding modes are first evaluated, followed by calculation of the hydride transfer transition states from each complex. We have also investigated the effect of mutations of certain important active site residues (Tyr179Ala and Asn241Ala) on the enantioselectivity. The calculated energies are consistent with the experimental observations and the analysis of transition states geometries provides insights into the origins of enantioselectivity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Xiang Sheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences and National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic BiologyTianjin300308China
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
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18
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Kar S, Sanderson H, Roy K, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J. Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3637-3710. [PMID: 34910451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principles of green chemistry (GC) can be comprehensively implemented in green synthesis of pharmaceuticals by choosing no solvents or green solvents (preferably water), alternative reaction media, and consideration of one-pot synthesis, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), continuous processing, and process intensification approaches for atom economy and final waste reduction. The GC's execution in green synthesis can be performed using a holistic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) life cycle, minimizing hazards and pollution, and capitalizing the resource efficiency in the synthesis technique. Thus, the presented review accounts for the comprehensive exploration of GC's principles and metrics, an appropriate implication of those ideas in each step of the reaction schemes, from raw material to an intermediate to the final product's synthesis, and the final execution of the synthesis into scalable industry-based production. For real-life examples, we have discussed the synthesis of a series of established generic pharmaceuticals, starting with the raw materials, and the intermediates of the corresponding pharmaceuticals. Researchers and industries have thoughtfully instigated a green synthesis process to control the atom economy and waste reduction to protect the environment. We have extensively discussed significant reactions relevant for green synthesis, one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs, continuous processing, and process intensification, which may contribute to the future of green and sustainable synthesis of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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19
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Stockinger P, Roth S, Müller M, Pleiss J. Systematic Evaluation of Imine-Reducing Enzymes: Common Principles in Imine Reductases, β-Hydroxy Acid Dehydrogenases, and Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/ Reductases. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2689-2695. [PMID: 32311225 PMCID: PMC7540600 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic, asymmetric reduction of imines is catalyzed by imine reductases (IREDs), members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, and β-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (βHAD) variants. Systematic evaluation of the structures and substrate-binding sites of the three enzyme families has revealed four common principles for imine reduction: structurally conserved cofactor-binding domains; tyrosine, aspartate, or glutamate as proton donor; at least four characteristic flanking residues that adapt the donor's pKa and polarize the substrate; and a negative electrostatic potential in the substrate-binding site to stabilize the transition state. As additional catalytically relevant positions, we propose alternative proton donors in IREDs and βHADs as well as proton relays in IREDs, βHADs, and SDRs. The functional role of flanking residues was experimentally confirmed by alanine scanning of the imine-reducing SDR from Zephyranthes treatiae. Mutating the "gatekeeping" phenylalanine at standard position 200 resulted in a tenfold increase in imine-reducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stockinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 3170569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sebastian Roth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical BiochemistryUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 3170569StuttgartGermany
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20
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Structural Characterization of an S-enantioselective Imine Reductase from Mycobacterium Smegmatis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081130. [PMID: 32751900 PMCID: PMC7465668 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-dependent imine reductases (IREDs) are enzymes capable of enantioselectively reducing imines to chiral secondary amines, which represent important building blocks in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Since their discovery in 2011, many previously unknown IREDs have been identified, biochemically and structurally characterized and categorized into families. However, the catalytic mechanism and guiding principles for substrate specificity and stereoselectivity remain disputed. Herein, we describe the crystal structure of S-IRED-Ms from Mycobacterium smegmatis together with its cofactor NADPH. S-IRED-Ms belongs to the S-enantioselective superfamily 3 (SFam3) and is the first IRED from SFam3 to be structurally described. The data presented provide further evidence for the overall high degree of structural conservation between different IREDs of various superfamilies. We discuss the role of Asp170 in catalysis and the importance of hydrophobic amino acids in the active site for stereospecificity. Moreover, a separate entrance to the active site, potentially functioning according to a gatekeeping mechanism regulating access and, therefore, substrate specificity is described.
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21
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Montgomery SL, Pushpanath A, Heath RS, Marshall JR, Klemstein U, Galman JL, Woodlock D, Bisagni S, Taylor CJ, Mangas-Sanchez J, Ramsden JI, Dominguez B, Turner NJ. Characterization of imine reductases in reductive amination for the exploration of structure-activity relationships. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay9320. [PMID: 32494734 PMCID: PMC7244260 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) have shown great potential as catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of industrially relevant chiral amines, but a limited understanding of sequence activity relationships makes rational engineering challenging. Here, we describe the characterization of 80 putative and 15 previously described IREDs across 10 different transformations and confirm that reductive amination catalysis is not limited to any particular subgroup or sequence motif. Furthermore, we have identified another dehydrogenase subgroup with chemoselectivity for imine reduction. Enantioselectivities were determined for the reduction of the model substrate 2-phenylpiperideine, and the effect of changing the reaction conditions was also studied for the reductive aminations of 1-indanone, acetophenone, and 4-methoxyphenylacetone. We have performed sequence-structure analysis to help explain clusters in activity across a phylogenetic tree and to inform rational engineering, which, in one case, has conferred a change in chemoselectivity that had not been previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ahir Pushpanath
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, UK
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - James R. Marshall
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ulrike Klemstein
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - James L. Galman
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - David Woodlock
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, UK
| | - Serena Bisagni
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, UK
| | - Christopher J. Taylor
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - J. Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - J. I. Ramsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Beatriz Dominguez
- Johnson Matthey, 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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22
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Sharma M, Abayakoon P, Lingford JP, Epa R, John A, Jin Y, Goddard-Borger ED, Davies GJ, Williams SJ. Dynamic Structural Changes Accompany the Production of Dihydroxypropanesulfonate by Sulfolactaldehyde Reductase. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Palika Abayakoon
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James P. Lingford
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ruwan Epa
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alan John
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Jin
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Ethan D. Goddard-Borger
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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23
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Yang L, Zhu J, Sun C, Deng Z, Qu X. Biosynthesis of plant tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids through an imine reductase route. Chem Sci 2020; 11:364-371. [PMID: 32190259 PMCID: PMC7067268 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a biocatalytic approach to synthesize plant tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids (THIQAs) from dihydroisoquinoline (DHIQ) precursors using imine reductases and N-methyltransferase (NMT). The imine reductase IR45 was engineered to significantly expand its substrate specificity, enabling efficient and stereoselective conversion of 1-phenyl and 1-benzyl 6,7-dimethoxy-DHIQs into the corresponding (S)-tetrahydroisoquinolines (S-THIQs). Coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT) was able to further efficiently convert these (S)-THIQ intermediates into (S)-THIQAs. By assembling IRED, CNMT, and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in one reaction, we effectively constituted two artificial biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli and successfully applied them to the production of five (S)-THIQAs. This highly efficient (100% yield from DHIQs) and easily tailorable (adding other genes) biosynthetic approach will be useful for producing a variety of plant THIQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China .
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Jinmei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Chenghai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China .
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism , School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China .
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
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24
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Bornadel A, Bisagni S, Pushpanath A, Montgomery SL, Turner NJ, Dominguez B. Technical Considerations for Scale-Up of Imine-Reductase-Catalyzed Reductive Amination: A Case Study. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bornadel
- Johnson Matthey Plc., 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, U.K
| | - Serena Bisagni
- Johnson Matthey Plc., 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, U.K
| | - Ahir Pushpanath
- Johnson Matthey Plc., 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Beatriz Dominguez
- Johnson Matthey Plc., 28 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0FP, U.K
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25
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Adams JP, Brown MJB, Diaz‐Rodriguez A, Lloyd RC, Roiban G. Biocatalysis: A Pharma Perspective. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Adams
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Murray J. B. Brown
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Alba Diaz‐Rodriguez
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- API Chemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
| | - Gheorghe‐Doru Roiban
- Synthetic Biochemistry, Medicinal Science and TechnologyPharma R&D, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG12NY U.K
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26
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Zumbrägel N, Gröger H. One-pot synthesis of a 3-thiazolidine through combination of an Asinger-type multi-component-condensation reaction with an enzymatic imine reduction. J Biotechnol 2019; 291:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Xie DF, Yang JX, Lv CJ, Mei JQ, Wang HP, Hu S, Zhao WR, Cao JR, Tu JL, Huang J, Mei LH. Construction of stabilized (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus by consensus mutagenesis. J Biotechnol 2019; 293:8-16. [PMID: 30703468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amine transaminases are a class of efficient and industrially-desired biocatalysts for the production of chiral amines. In this study, stabilized variants of the (R)-selective amine transaminase from Aspergillus terreus (AT-ATA) were constructed by consensus mutagenesis. Using Consensus Finder (http://cbs-kazlab.oit.umn.edu/), six positions with the most prevalent amino acid (over 60% threshold) among the homologous family members were identified. Subsequently, these six residues were individually mutated to match the consensus sequence (I77 L, Q97E, H210N, N245D, G292D, and I295 V) using site-directed mutagenesis. Compared to that of the wild-type, the thermostability of all six single variants was improved. The H210N variant displayed the largest shift in thermostability, with a 3.3-fold increase in half-life (t1/2) at 40 °C, and a 4.6 °C increase in T5010 among the single variants. In addition, the double mutant H210N/I77L displayed an even larger shift with 6.1-fold improvement of t1/2 at 40 °C, and a 6.6 °C increase in T5010. Furtherly, the H210N/I77L mutation was introduced into the previously engineered thermostable AT-ATA by the introduction of disulfide bonds, employing B-factor and folding free energy (ΔΔGfold) calculations. Our results showed that the combined variant H210N/I77L/M150C-M280C had the largest shift in thermostability, with a 16.6-fold improvement of t1/2 and a 11.8 °C higher T5010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang Xie
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun-Xing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lv
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, United States
| | - Hong-Peng Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Wei-Rui Zhao
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Jia-Ren Cao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun-Liang Tu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China.
| | - Le-He Mei
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
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28
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Lenz M, Fademrecht S, Sharma M, Pleiss J, Grogan G, Nestl BM. New imine-reducing enzymes from β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases by single amino acid substitutions. Protein Eng Des Sel 2018; 31:109-120. [PMID: 29733377 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzy006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the exploration of the evolutionary relationship between imine reductases (IREDs) and other dehydrogenases. This approach is informed by the sequence similarity between these enzyme families and the recently described promiscuous activity of IREDs for the highly reactive carbonyl compound 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone. Using the structure of the R-selective IRED from Streptosporangium roseum (R-IRED-Sr) as a model, β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases (βHADs) were identified as the dehydrogenases most similar to IREDs. To understand how active site differences in IREDs and βHADs enable the reduction of predominantly C = N or C = O bonds respectively, we substituted amino acid residues in βHADs with the corresponding residues from the R-IRED-Sr and were able to increase the promiscuous activity of βHADs for C = N functions by a single amino acid substitution. Variants βHADAt_K170D and βHADAt_K170F lost mainly their keto acid reduction activity and gained the ability to catalyze the reduction of imines. Moreover, the product enantiomeric purity for a bulky imine substrate could be increased from 23% ee (R-IRED-Sr) to 97% ee (βHADAt_K170D/F_F231A) outcompeting already described IRED selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lenz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Silvia Fademrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Bettina M Nestl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Sharma M, Mangas-Sanchez J, France SP, Aleku GA, Montgomery SL, Ramsden JI, Turner NJ, Grogan G. A Mechanism for Reductive Amination Catalyzed by Fungal Reductive Aminases. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Scott P. France
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Godwin A. Aleku
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Jeremy I. Ramsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD York, U.K
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh D. Patil
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-2000, United States
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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31
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Velikogne S, Resch V, Dertnig C, Schrittwieser JH, Kroutil W. Sequence-Based In-silico Discovery, Characterisation, and Biocatalytic Application of a Set of Imine Reductases. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:3236-3246. [PMID: 30197686 PMCID: PMC6120462 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Imine reductases (IREDs) have recently become a primary focus of research in biocatalysis, complementing other classes of amine-forming enzymes such as transaminases and amine dehydrogenases. Following in the footsteps of other research groups, we have established a set of IRED biocatalysts by sequence-based in silico enzyme discovery. In this study, we present basic characterisation data for these novel IREDs and explore their activity and stereoselectivity using a panel of structurally diverse cyclic imines as substrates. Specific activities of >1 U/mg and excellent stereoselectivities (ee>99 %) were observed in many cases, and the enzymes proved surprisingly tolerant towards elevated substrate loadings. Co-expression of the IREDs with an alcohol dehydrogenase for cofactor regeneration led to whole-cell biocatalysts capable of efficiently reducing imines at 100 mM initial concentration with no need for the addition of extracellular nicotinamide cofactor. Preparative biotransformations on gram scale using these 'designer cells' afforded chiral amines in good yield and excellent optical purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Velikogne
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryNAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Verena Resch
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryNAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Carina Dertnig
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryNAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryNAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- University of GrazInstitute of ChemistryNAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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32
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Roth S, Kilgore MB, Kutchan TM, Müller M. Exploiting the Catalytic Diversity of Short-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases: Versatile Enzymes from Plants with Extended Imine Substrate Scope. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1849-1852. [PMID: 29931726 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) have found biocatalytic applications in C=O and C=C (enone) reduction. For NADPH-dependent C=N reduction, imine reductases (IREDs) have primarily been investigated for extension of the substrate range. Here, we show that SDRs are also suitable for a broad range of imine reductions. The SDR noroxomaritidine reductase (NR) is involved in Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis, serving as an enone reductase. We have characterized NR by using a set of typical imine substrates and established that the enzyme is active with all four tested imine compounds (up to 99 % conversion, up to 92 % ee). Remarkably, NR reduced two keto compounds as well, thus highlighting this enzyme family's versatility. Using NR as a template, we have identified an as yet unexplored SDR from the Amaryllidacea Zephyranthes treatiae with imine-reducing activity (≤95 % ee). Our results encourage the future characterization of SDR family members as a means of discovering new imine-reducing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roth
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew B Kilgore
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Toni M Kutchan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N. Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Streptomyces spp. in the biocatalysis toolbox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3513-3536. [PMID: 29502181 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 20,100 research publications dated 2000-2017 were recovered searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for Streptomyces, which are the richest known source of bioactive molecules. However, these bacteria with versatile metabolism are powerful suppliers of biocatalytic tools (enzymes) for advanced biotechnological applications such as green chemical transformations and biopharmaceutical and biofuel production. The recent technological advances, especially in DNA sequencing coupled with computational tools for protein functional and structural prediction, and the improved access to microbial diversity enabled the easier access to enzymes and the ability to engineer them to suit a wider range of biotechnological processes. The major driver behind a dramatic increase in the utilization of biocatalysis is sustainable development and the shift toward bioeconomy that will, in accordance to the UN policy agenda "Bioeconomy to 2030," become a global effort in the near future. Streptomyces spp. already play a significant role among industrial microorganisms. The intention of this minireview is to highlight the presence of Streptomyces in the toolbox of biocatalysis and to give an overview of the most important advances in novel biocatalyst discovery and applications. Judging by the steady increase in a number of recent references (228 for the 2000-2017 period), it is clear that biocatalysts from Streptomyces spp. hold promises in terms of valuable properties and applicative industrial potential.
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34
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France SP, Howard RM, Steflik J, Weise NJ, Mangas-Sanchez J, Montgomery SL, Crook R, Kumar R, Turner NJ. Identification of Novel Bacterial Members of the Imine Reductase Enzyme Family that Perform Reductive Amination. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. France
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Roger M. Howard
- Groton Laboratories; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton Connecticut 06340 USA
- Sandwich Laboratories; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Discovery Park, Sandwich Kent CT13 9NJ UK
| | - Jeremy Steflik
- Groton Laboratories; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton Connecticut 06340 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Robert Crook
- Sandwich Laboratories; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; Discovery Park, Sandwich Kent CT13 9NJ UK
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Groton Laboratories; Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development; 445 Eastern Point Road Groton Connecticut 06340 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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35
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Roiban GD, Kern M, Liu Z, Hyslop J, Tey PL, Levine MS, Jordan LS, Brown KK, Hadi T, Ihnken LAF, Brown MJB. Efficient Biocatalytic Reductive Aminations by Extending the Imine Reductase Toolbox. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Doru Roiban
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Kern
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Julia Hyslop
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Pei Lyn Tey
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Levine
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Lydia S. Jordan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Molecular Design, Computational and Modeling Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline; 1250 S. Collegeville Road Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426 USA
| | - Timin Hadi
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Leigh Anne F. Ihnken
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline; 709 Swedeland Road King of Prussia Pennsylvania 19406 USA
| | - Murray J. B. Brown
- Advanced Manufacturing Technologies; GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY United Kingdom
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Borlinghaus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Chair of Technical Biochemistry; University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bettina M. Nestl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, Chair of Technical Biochemistry; University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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37
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Ser HL, Tan LTH, Law JWF, Chan KG, Duangjai A, Saokaew S, Pusparajah P, Ab Mutalib NS, Khan TM, Goh BH, Lee LH. Focused Review: Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Potentials of Mangrove-Derived Streptomyces. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2065. [PMID: 29163380 PMCID: PMC5672783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human life expectancy is rapidly increasing with an associated increasing burden of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, there is limited progress in finding effective treatment for these conditions. For this reason, members of the genus Streptomyces have been explored extensively over the past decades as these filamentous bacteria are highly efficient in producing bioactive compounds with human health benefits. Being ubiquitous in nature, streptomycetes can be found in both terrestrial and marine environments. Previously, two Streptomyces strains (MUSC 137T and MUM 256) isolated from mangrove sediments in Peninsular Malaysia demonstrated potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against several human cancer cell lines on bioactivity screening. These results illustrate the importance of streptomycetes from underexplored regions aside from the terrestrial ecosystem. Here we provide the insights and significance of Streptomyces species in the search of anticancer and/or chemopreventive agents and highlight the impact of next generation sequencing on drug discovery from the Streptomyces arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Leng Ser
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jodi Woan-Fei Law
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Vice Chancellor Office, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Absyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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38
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Lenz M, Borlinghaus N, Weinmann L, Nestl BM. Recent advances in imine reductase-catalyzed reactions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:199. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Zhu J, Tan H, Yang L, Dai Z, Zhu L, Ma H, Deng Z, Tian Z, Qu X. Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryl-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines Employing Imine Reductase. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongqun Tan
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Shanghai R&D Center, Abiochem Co., Ltd., 1299 Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry
of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Jiangsu National
Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
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40
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Reductive amination of ketones catalyzed by whole cell biocatalysts containing imine reductases (IREDs). J Biotechnol 2017; 258:167-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Sharma M, Mangas‐Sanchez J, Turner NJ, Grogan G. NAD(P)H-Dependent Dehydrogenases for the Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones: Structure, Mechanism, Evolution and Application. Adv Synth Catal 2017; 359:2011-2025. [PMID: 30008635 PMCID: PMC6033044 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric reductive aminations are some of the most important reactions in the preparation of active pharmaceuticals, as chiral amines feature in many of the world's most important drugs. Although many enzymes have been applied to the synthesis of chiral amines, the development of reductive amination reactions that use enzymes is attractive, as it would permit the one-step transformation of readily available prochiral ketones into chiral amines of high optical purity. However, as most natural "reductive aminase" activities operate on keto acids, and many are able to use only ammonia as the amine donor, there is considerable scope for the engineering of natural enzymes for the reductive amination of ketones, and also for the preparation of secondary amines using alkylamines as donors. This review summarises research into the development of NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenases for the reductive amination of ketones, including amino acid dehydrogenases (AADHs), natural amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs), opine dehydrogenases (OpDHs) and imine reductases (IREDs). In each case knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the enzyme class is addressed, with a further description of the engineering of those enzymes for the reductive amination of ketones towards primary and also secondary amine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkU.K.
| | - Juan Mangas‐Sanchez
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK.
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK.
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkU.K.
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42
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Li H, Tian P, Xu JH, Zheng GW. Identification of an Imine Reductase for Asymmetric Reduction of Bulky Dihydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2017; 19:3151-3154. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation
Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ping Tian
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 345
Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation
Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation
Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Aleku GA, France SP, Man H, Mangas-Sanchez J, Montgomery SL, Sharma M, Leipold F, Hussain S, Grogan G, Turner NJ. A reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae. Nat Chem 2017; 9:961-969. [PMID: 28937665 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reductive amination is one of the most important methods for the synthesis of chiral amines. Here we report the discovery of an NADP(H)-dependent reductive aminase from Aspergillus oryzae (AspRedAm, Uniprot code Q2TW47) that can catalyse the reductive coupling of a broad set of carbonyl compounds with a variety of primary and secondary amines with up to >98% conversion and with up to >98% enantiomeric excess. In cases where both carbonyl and amine show high reactivity, it is possible to employ a 1:1 ratio of the substrates, forming amine products with up to 94% conversion. Steady-state kinetic studies establish that the enzyme is capable of catalysing imine formation as well as reduction. Crystal structures of AspRedAm in complex with NADP(H) and also with both NADP(H) and the pharmaceutical ingredient (R)-rasagiline are reported. We also demonstrate preparative scale reductive aminations with wild-type and Q240A variant biocatalysts displaying total turnover numbers of up to 32,000 and space time yields up to 3.73 g l-1 d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin A Aleku
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Scott P France
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Henry Man
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sarah L Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Mahima Sharma
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Friedemann Leipold
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Shahed Hussain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Ye S, Molloy B, Braña AF, Zabala D, Olano C, Cortés J, Morís F, Salas JA, Méndez C. Identification by Genome Mining of a Type I Polyketide Gene Cluster from Streptomyces argillaceus Involved in the Biosynthesis of Pyridine and Piperidine Alkaloids Argimycins P. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28239372 PMCID: PMC5300972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome mining of the mithramycin producer Streptomyces argillaceus ATCC 12956 revealed 31 gene clusters for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and allowed to predict the encoded products for 11 of these clusters. Cluster 18 (renamed cluster arp) corresponded to a type I polyketide gene cluster related to the previously described coelimycin P1 and streptazone gene clusters. The arp cluster consists of fourteen genes, including genes coding for putative regulatory proteins (a SARP-like transcriptional activator and a TetR-like transcriptional repressor), genes coding for structural proteins (three PKSs, one aminotransferase, two dehydrogenases, two cyclases, one imine reductase, a type II thioesterase, and a flavin reductase), and one gene coding for a hypothetical protein. Identification of encoded compounds by this cluster was achieved by combining several strategies: (i) inactivation of the type I PKS gene arpPIII; (ii) inactivation of the putative TetR-transcriptional repressor arpRII; (iii) cultivation of strains in different production media; and (iv) using engineered strains with higher intracellular concentration of malonyl-CoA. This has allowed identifying six new alkaloid compounds named argimycins P, which were purified and structurally characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Some argimycins P showed a piperidine ring with a polyene side chain (argimycin PIX); others contain also a fused five-membered ring (argimycins PIV-PVI). Argimycins PI-PII showed a pyridine ring instead, and an additional N-acetylcysteinyl moiety. These compounds seem to play a negative role in growth and colony differentiation in S. argillaceus, and some of them show weak antibiotic activity. A pathway for the biosynthesis of argimycins P is proposed, based on the analysis of proposed enzyme functions and on the structure of compounds encoded by the arp cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhui Ye
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Brian Molloy
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo F Braña
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Zabala
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - José A Salas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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Lenz M, Meisner J, Quertinmont L, Lutz S, Kästner J, Nestl BM. Asymmetric Ketone Reduction by Imine Reductases. Chembiochem 2016; 18:253-256. [PMID: 27911981 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly growing area of asymmetric imine reduction by imine reductases (IREDs) has provided alternative routes to chiral amines. Here we report the expansion of the reaction scope of IREDs by showing the stereoselective reduction of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone. Assisted by an in silico analysis of energy barriers, we evaluated asymmetric hydrogenations of carbonyls and imines while considering the influence of substrate reactivity on the chemoselectivity of this novel class of reductases. We report the asymmetric reduction of C=N as well as C=O bonds catalysed by members of the IRED enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lenz
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Meisner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leann Quertinmont
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Stefan Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina M Nestl
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Universitaet Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Meneely KM, Ronnebaum TA, Riley AP, Prisinzano TE, Lamb AL. Holo Structure and Steady State Kinetics of the Thiazolinyl Imine Reductases for Siderophore Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2016; 55:5423-33. [PMID: 27601130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolinyl imine reductases catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of a thiazoline to a thiazolidine, a required step in the formation of the siderophores yersiniabactin (Yersinia spp.) and pyochelin (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). These stand-alone nonribosomal peptide tailoring domains are structural homologues of sugar oxidoreductases. Two closed structures of the thiazolinyl imine reductase from Yersinia enterocolitica (Irp3) are presented here: an NADP(+)-bound structure to 1.45 Å resolution and a holo structure to 1.28 Å resolution with NADP(+) and a substrate analogue bound. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were measured using the same substrate analogue and the homologue from P. aeruginosa, PchG. The data presented here support the hypothesis that tyrosine 128 is the likely general acid residue for catalysis and also highlight the phosphopantetheine tunnel for tethering of the substrate to the nonribosomal peptide synthetase module during assembly line biosynthesis of the siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Meneely
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Trey A Ronnebaum
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Andrew P Riley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Audrey L Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Maugeri Z, Rother D. Application of Imine Reductases (IREDs) in Micro-Aqueous Reaction Systems. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Maugeri
- Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1; 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Jülich GmbH; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1; 52428 Jülich Germany
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Scheller PN, Nestl BM. The biochemical characterization of three imine-reducing enzymes from Streptosporangium roseum DSM43021, Streptomyces turgidiscabies and Paenibacillus elgii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10509-10520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Wetzl D, Gand M, Ross A, Müller H, Matzel P, Hanlon SP, Müller M, Wirz B, Höhne M, Iding H. Asymmetric Reductive Amination of Ketones Catalyzed by Imine Reductases. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wetzl
- Process Research & Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Gand
- Institute of Biochemistry; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Alfred Ross
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Hubertus Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Philipp Matzel
- Institute of Biochemistry; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Steven P. Hanlon
- Process Research & Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Beat Wirz
- Process Research & Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Institute of Biochemistry; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald; Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Hans Iding
- Process Research & Development; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
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