1
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Moffa S, Carradori S, Melfi F, Fontana A, Ciulla M, Di Profio P, Aschi M, Wolicki RD, Pilato S, Siani G. Fine-tuning of membrane permeability by reversible photoisomerization of aryl-azo derivatives of thymol embedded in lipid nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114043. [PMID: 38901266 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Responsiveness of liposomes to external stimuli, such as light, should allow a precise spatial and temporal control of release of therapeutic agents or ion transmembrane transport. Here, some aryl-azo derivatives of thymol are synthesized and embedded into liposomes from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to obtain light-sensitive membranes whose photo-responsiveness, release behaviour, and permeability towards Cl- ions are investigated. The hybrid systems are in-depth characterized by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In liposomal bilayer the selected guests undergo reversible photoinduced isomerization upon irradiation with UV and visible light, alternately. Non-irradiated hybrid liposomes retain entrapped 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), slowing its spontaneous leakage, whereas UV-irradiation promotes CF release, due to guest trans-to-cis isomerization. Photoisomerization also influences membrane permeability towards Cl- ions. Data processing, according to first-order kinetics, demonstrates that Cl- transmembrane transport is enhanced by switching the guest from trans to cis but restored by back-switching the guest from cis to trans upon illumination with blue light. Finally, the passage of Cl- ions across the bilayer can be fine-tuned by irradiation with light of longer λ and different light-exposure times. Fine-tuning the photo-induced structural response of the liposomal membrane upon isomerization is a promising step towards effective photo-dynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Moffa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Francesco Melfi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Profio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Aschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Rafal Damian Wolicki
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Serena Pilato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Siani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy; UdA-TechLab, Research Center, Università degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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2
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Mangiarotti A, Aleksanyan M, Siri M, Sun T, Lipowsky R, Dimova R. Photoswitchable Endocytosis of Biomolecular Condensates in Giant Vesicles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309864. [PMID: 38582523 PMCID: PMC11187966 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between membranes and biomolecular condensates can give rise to complex phenomena such as wetting transitions, mutual remodeling, and endocytosis. In this study, light-triggered manipulation of condensate engulfment is demonstrated using giant vesicles containing photoswitchable lipids. UV irradiation increases the membrane area, which can be stored in nanotubes. When in contact with a condensate droplet, the UV light triggers rapid condensate endocytosis, which can be reverted by blue light. The affinity of the protein-rich condensates to the membrane and the reversibility of the engulfment processes is quantified from confocal microscopy images. The degree of photo-induced engulfment, whether partial or complete, depends on the vesicle excess area and the relative sizes of vesicles and condensates. Theoretical estimates suggest that utilizing the light-induced excess area to increase the vesicle-condensate adhesion interface is energetically more favorable than the energy gain from folding the membrane into invaginations and tubes. The overall findings demonstrate that membrane-condensate interactions can be easily and quickly modulated via light, providing a versatile system for building platforms to control cellular events and design intelligent drug delivery systems for cell repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Mangiarotti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
- Institute for Chemistry and BiochemistryFree University of BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Macarena Siri
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
- Max Planck Queensland CentreScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Tsu‐Wang Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
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3
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Hu J, Pang J, Chen L, Li Y, Gan N, Pan Q, Wu D. Photoresponsive Azobenzene Nanocluster-Modified Liposomes: Mechanism Analysis Combining Experiments and Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9761-9774. [PMID: 38663878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive behaviors and controlled release in liposomes are pivotal in nanomedicine. To this end, we present an approach using a photoresponsive azobenzene nanocluster (AzDmpNC), prepared from azobenzene compounds through melting and aggregation. When integrated with liposomes, they form photoresponsive vesicles. The morphology and association with liposomes were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy. Liposomes loaded with calcein exhibited a 9.58% increased release after UV exposure. To gain insights into the underlying processes and elucidate the mechanisms involved. The molecular dynamic simulations based on the reactive force field and all-atom force field were employed to analyze the aggregation of isomers into nanoclusters and their impacts on phospholipid membranes, respectively. The results indicate that the nanoclusters primarily aggregate through π-π and T-stacking forces. The force density inside the cis-isomer of AzDmpNC formed after photoisomerization is lower, leading to its easier dispersion, rapid diffusion, and penetration into the membrane, disrupting the densification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jingtao Pang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yilin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Na Gan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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4
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Barkey M, Büchner R, Wester A, Pritzl SD, Makarenko M, Wang Q, Weber T, Trauner D, Maier SA, Fratalocchi A, Lohmüller T, Tittl A. Pixelated High- Q Metasurfaces for in Situ Biospectroscopy and Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Classification of Lipid Membrane Photoswitching Dynamics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11644-11654. [PMID: 38653474 PMCID: PMC11080459 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanophotonic devices excel at confining light into intense hot spots of electromagnetic near fields, creating exceptional opportunities for light-matter coupling and surface-enhanced sensing. Recently, all-dielectric metasurfaces with ultrasharp resonances enabled by photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have unlocked additional functionalities for surface-enhanced biospectroscopy by precisely targeting and reading out the molecular absorption signatures of diverse molecular systems. However, BIC-driven molecular spectroscopy has so far focused on end point measurements in dry conditions, neglecting the crucial interaction dynamics of biological systems. Here, we combine the advantages of pixelated all-dielectric metasurfaces with deep learning-enabled feature extraction and prediction to realize an integrated optofluidic platform for time-resolved in situ biospectroscopy. Our approach harnesses high-Q metasurfaces specifically designed for operation in a lossy aqueous environment together with advanced spectral sampling techniques to temporally resolve the dynamic behavior of photoswitchable lipid membranes. Enabled by a software convolutional neural network, we further demonstrate the real-time classification of the characteristic cis and trans membrane conformations with 98% accuracy. Our synergistic sensing platform incorporating metasurfaces, optofluidics, and deep learning reveals exciting possibilities for studying multimolecular biological systems, ranging from the behavior of transmembrane proteins to the dynamic processes associated with cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barkey
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Rebecca Büchner
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alwin Wester
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefanie D. Pritzl
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maksim Makarenko
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qizhou Wang
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Weber
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
- School of
Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- The Blackett
Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial
College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität
München, Königinstraße
10, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano-Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 München, Germany
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5
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Morstein J, Amatuni A, Shuster A, Kuttenlochner W, Ko T, Abegg D, Groll M, Adibekian A, Renata H, Trauner DH. Optical Control of Proteasomal Protein Degradation with a Photoswitchable Lipopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314791. [PMID: 38109686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photolipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid functions. They often contain an azobenzene photoswitch that imparts a cis double-bond upon irradiation. Herein, we present the application of photoswitching to a lipidated natural product, the potent proteasome inhibitor cepafungin I. Several azobenzene-containing lipids were attached to the cyclopeptide core, yielding photoswitchable derivatives. Most notably, PhotoCep4 exhibited a 10-fold higher cellular potency in its light-induced cis-form, matching the potency of natural cepafungin I. The length of the photolipid tail and distal positioning of the azobenzene photoswitch with respect to the macrocycle is critical for this activity. In a proteome-wide experiment, light-triggered PhotoCep4 modulation showed high overlap with constitutively active cepafungin I. The mode of action was studied using crystallography and revealed an identical binding of the cyclopeptide in comparison to cepafungin I, suggesting that differences in their cellular activity originate from switching the tail structure. The photopharmacological approach described herein could be applicable to many other natural products as lipid conjugation is common and often necessary for potent activity. Such lipids are often introduced late in synthetic routes, enabling facile chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA-94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
| | - Alexander Amatuni
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Anton Shuster
- Skaggs Doctoral Program in the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kuttenlochner
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tongil Ko
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Michael Groll
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies, Chair of Biochemistry, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL-60607, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX-77005, USA
| | - Dirk H Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY-10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA-19104, USA
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6
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El-Gaby MSA, Abdel Reheim MAM, Akrim ZSM, Naguib BH, Saleh NM, El-Adasy ABAAM, El-Adl K, Mohamady S. 2-Thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine and thiourea endowed with sulfonamide moieties as dual EGFR T790M and VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, docking, and anticancer evaluations. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22143. [PMID: 38349267 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a new series of thiopyrimidine and thiourea containing sulfonamides moieties was tested on HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549. HepG2 cell line was the one that all the new derivatives affected the most. The greatest potent compounds against the four HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines were 8f and 8g with IC50 = 4.13, 6.64, 5.74, 6.85 µM and 4.09, 4.36, 4.22, 7.25 µM correspondingly. Compound 8g exhibited higher activity than sorafenib against HCT116 and MCF-7 but exhibited lower activity against HepG2 and A549. Moreover, compounds 8f and 8g exhibited higher activities than erlotinib on HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7 but demonstrated lower activity on A549. The most potent cytotoxic derivatives 6f, 6g, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, and 8g were examined on normal VERO cell lines. Our derivatives have low toxicity on VERO cells with IC50 values ranging from 32.05 to 53.15 μM. Additionally, all compounds were assessed for dual VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M inhibition effects. Compounds 8f and 8g were the most potent derivatives inhibited VEGFR-2 at IC50 value of 0.88 and 0.90 µM, correspondingly. As well, derivatives 8f and 8g could inhibit EGFRT790M demonstrating strongest effects with IC50 = 0.32 and 0.33 µM sequentially. Additionally, the greatest active derivatives ADMET profile was evaluated in relationship with sorafenib and erlotinib as reference agents. The data attained from docking were greatly related to that achieved from the biological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A El-Gaby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Zuhir S M Akrim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Almukhtar University Al-Bayda, Libya
| | - Bassem H Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled El-Adl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Kapun M, Pérez-Areales FJ, Ashman N, Rowling PJE, Schober T, Fowler E, Itzhaki LS, Spring DR. Red-light modulated ortho-chloro azobenzene photoswitch for peptide stapling via aromatic substitution. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:49-54. [PMID: 38179193 PMCID: PMC10763561 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of peptide stapling using photoswitchable linkers has gained notable interest for potential therapeutic applications. However, many existing methodologies of photoswitching still rely on the use of tissue-damaging and weakly skin-penetrating UV light. Herein, we describe the development of a tetra-ortho-chloro azobenzene linker that was successfully used for cysteine-selective peptide stapling via SNAr. This linker facilitates precise photocontrol of peptide structure via trans to cis isomerisation under red light irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, we applied the developed peptide stapling platform to a modified PMI peptide, targeting the inhibition of MDM2/p53 protein-protein interaction (PPI). Biophysical characterisation of the photoswitchable peptide by competitive fluorescence polarisation showed a significant difference in affinity between the trans and cis isomer for the p53-interacting domain of the human MDM2. Remarkably, the cis isomer displayed a >240-fold higher potency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported difference in binding affinity between isoforms of a photoswitchable therapeutic peptide. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of this novel photoswitchable peptide stapling system for tuneable, selective modulation of PPIs via visible-light isomerisation with deeply-tissue penetrating red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kapun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Nicola Ashman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Pamela J E Rowling
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1PD Cambridge UK
| | - Tim Schober
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Elaine Fowler
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laura S Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1PD Cambridge UK
| | - David R Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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8
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Johnson TG, Langton MJ. Molecular Machines For The Control Of Transmembrane Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27167-27184. [PMID: 38062763 PMCID: PMC10740008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature embeds some of its molecular machinery, including ion pumps, within lipid bilayer membranes. This has inspired chemists to attempt to develop synthetic analogues to exploit membrane confinement and transmembrane potential gradients, much like their biological cousins. In this perspective, we outline the various strategies by which molecular machines─molecular systems in which a nanomechanical motion is exploited for function─have been designed to be incorporated within lipid membranes and utilized to mediate transmembrane ion transport. We survey molecular machines spanning both switches and motors, those that act as mobile carriers or that are anchored within the membrane, mechanically interlocked molecules, and examples that are activated in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby G. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Langton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA United Kingdom
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9
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Anwer KE, El-Hddad SSA, Abd El-Sattar NEA, El-Morsy A, Khedr F, Mohamady S, Keshek DE, Salama SA, El-Adl K, Hanafy NS. Five and six membered heterocyclic rings endowed with azobenzene as dual EGFR T790M and VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, in silico ADMET profile, molecular docking, dynamic simulation and anticancer evaluations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35321-35338. [PMID: 38053688 PMCID: PMC10695193 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel azobenzene scaffold-joined heterocyclic isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, and/or triazine moieties have been developed and synthesized utilizing microwave and traditional methods. Our compounds were tested for growth inhibition of A549, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 tumors by dual targeting the VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M enzymes. The suggested compound's manner of binding with EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2 active sites was explored through molecular design and MD modeling. The information from the results of the biological screening and the docking studies was highly correlated. The A549 cell line was the one that responded to the novel compound's effects most effectively. Having IC50 values of 5.15, 6.37, 8.44 and 6.23 μM, respectively, 14 was the most effective derivative on the four A549, MCF-7, HCT116 and HepG2 cancer cells. It had greater activity than erlotinib and slightly inferior activities on the tested cell lines than sorafenib, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the most effective derivatives, 5, 6, 10 and 14, was evaluated against typical VERO cell lines. Having IC50 values ranging from 42.32 to 55.20 μM, the results showed that the investigated drugs have modest toxicity against VERO normal cells. Additionally all derivatives were assessed for their dual VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M inhibitory effects. Among them, derivatives 14, 5 and 10 were established as the greatest inhibitors of VEGFR-2 at IC50 values of 0.95, 1.25 and 1.50 μM correspondingly. As well, derivatives 14, 6, 5 and 10 could inhibit EGFRT790M activity demonstrating strongest effects with IC50 = 0.25, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.50 μM respectively. Furthermore, the ADMET profile was evaluated for compounds 5, 6, 10 and 14 in contrast to reference drugs sorafenib and erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurls E Anwer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Nour E A Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo Egypt
- Basic & Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alryada University for Science & Technology Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Morsy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt Cairo Egypt
| | - Doaa E Keshek
- Department of Biology, Jumum College University, Umm Al-Qura University P.O. Box 7388 Makkah 21955 Sudia Arabia
- Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Samir A Salama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
| | - Noura S Hanafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
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10
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Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. Alteration of Average Thickness of Lipid Bilayer by Membrane-Deforming Inclusions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1731. [PMID: 38136602 PMCID: PMC10741968 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thickness of lipid bilayer membranes is a key physical parameter determining membrane permeability and stability with respect to formation of through pores. Most membrane inclusions or impurities like amphipathic peptides, transmembrane peptides, lipid inclusions of a different molecular shape, lipid domains, and protein-lipid domains, locally deform the membrane. The detailed structure of the locally deformed region of the membrane is a kind of "fingerprint" for the inclusion type. However, most experimental methods allow determining only averaged parameters of membranes with incorporated inclusions, thus preventing the direct obtaining of the characteristics of the inclusion. Here we developed a model that allows the obtaining of characteristic parameters of three types of membrane inclusions (amphipathic peptides, transmembrane peptides, monolayer lipid patches) from experimentally observable dependencies of the average thickness of lipid bilayer on the surface concentration of the inclusions. In the case of amphipathic peptides, the model provided the peptide parameters that were in qualitative agreement with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kondrashov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Aleksanyan M, Grafmüller A, Crea F, Georgiev VN, Yandrapalli N, Block S, Heberle J, Dimova R. Photomanipulation of Minimal Synthetic Cells: Area Increase, Softening, and Interleaflet Coupling of Membrane Models Doped with Azobenzene-Lipid Photoswitches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304336. [PMID: 37653602 PMCID: PMC10625111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Light can effectively interrogate biological systems in a reversible and physiologically compatible manner with high spatiotemporal precision. Understanding the biophysics of photo-induced processes in bio-systems is crucial for achieving relevant clinical applications. Employing membranes doped with the photolipid azobenzene-phosphatidylcholine (azo-PC), a holistic picture of light-triggered changes in membrane kinetics, morphology, and material properties obtained from correlative studies on cell-sized vesicles, Langmuir monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, and molecular dynamics simulations is provided. Light-induced membrane area increases as high as ≈25% and a ten-fold decrease in the membrane bending rigidity is observed upon trans-to-cis azo-PC isomerization associated with membrane leaflet coupling and molecular curvature changes. Vesicle electrodeformation measurements and atomic force microscopy reveal that trans azo-PC bilayers are thicker than palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers but have higher specific membrane capacitance and dielectric constant suggesting an increased ability to store electric charges across the membrane. Lastly, incubating POPC vesicles with azo-PC solutions results in the insertion of azo-PC in the membrane enabling them to become photoresponsive. All these results demonstrate that light can be used to finely manipulate the shape, mechanical and electric properties of photolipid-doped minimal cell models, and liposomal drug carriers, thus, presenting a promising therapeutic alternative for the repair of cellular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
- Institute for Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Fucsia Crea
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Vasil N. Georgiev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Naresh Yandrapalli
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute for Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität Berlin14195BerlinGermany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesScience Park Golm14476PotsdamGermany
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12
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Socrier L, Steinem C. Photo-Lipids: Light-Sensitive Nano-Switches to Control Membrane Properties. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300203. [PMID: 37395458 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are described as a complex mixture of lipids and proteins organized according to thermodynamic principles. This chemical and spatial complexity can lead to specialized functional membrane domains enriched with specific lipids and proteins. The interaction between lipids and proteins restricts their lateral diffusion and range of motion, thus altering their function. One approach to investigating these membrane properties is to use chemically accessible probes. In particular, photo-lipids, which contain a light-sensitive azobenzene moiety that changes its configuration from trans- to cis- upon light irradiation, have recently gained popularity for modifying membrane properties. These azobenzene-derived lipids serve as nanotools for manipulating lipid membranes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will discuss the use of these compounds in artificial and biological membranes as well as their application in drug delivery. We will focus mainly on changes in the membrane's physical properties as well as lipid membrane domains in phase-separated liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered bilayers driven by light, and how these changes in membrane physical properties alter transmembrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Melero A, Jiménez-Rojo N. Cracking the membrane lipid code. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 83:102203. [PMID: 37437490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Why has nature acquired such a huge lipid repertoire? Although it would be theoretically possible to make a lipid bilayer fulfilling barrier functions with only one glycerophospholipid, there are diverse and numerous different lipid species. Lipids are heterogeneously distributed across the evolutionary tree with lipidomes evolving in parallel to organismal complexity. Moreover, lipids are different between organs and tissues and even within the same cell, different organelles have characteristic lipid signatures. At the molecular level, membranes are asymmetric and laterally heterogeneous. This lipid asymmetry at different scales indicates that these molecules may play very specific molecular functions in biology. Some of these roles have been recently uncovered: lipids have been shown to be essential in processes such as hypoxia and ferroptosis or in protein sorting and trafficking but many of them remain still unknown. In this review we will discuss the importance of understanding lipid diversity in biology across scales and we will share a toolbox with some of the emerging technologies that are helping us to uncover new lipid molecular functions in cell biology and, step by step, crack the membrane lipid code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Melero
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Jiménez-Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), 48940, Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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14
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Aguirre T, Teichmann E, Römpp FQ, Vivier R, Bryant C, Hulverson MA, Van Voorhis WC, Ojo KK, Doggett JS, Fiedler D, Hecht S. Photoswitchable Inhibitors to Optically Control Specific Kinase Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1378-1387. [PMID: 37167414 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors are valuable tools to elucidate the functions of protein kinases within complex signaling networks. Incorporation of a photoswitchable moiety into the inhibitor scaffold offers the opportunity to steer inhibitor potency with temporal precision, while the challenge of selective inhibition can often be addressed by employing a chemical genetic approach, termed the analog-sensitive method. Here, we combine the perks of these two approaches and report photoswitchable azopyrazoles to target calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (CDPK1) from Toxoplasma gondii, a kinase naturally susceptible to analog-sensitive kinase inhibitors due to its glycine gatekeeper residue. The most promising azopyrazoles display favorable photochemical properties, thermal stability, and a substantial difference in IC50 values between both photostationary states. Consequently, the CDPK1 kinase reaction can be controlled dynamically and reversibly by applying light of different wavelengths. Inhibition of CDPK1 by the azopyrazoles drastically relies on the nature of the gatekeeper residue as a successive increase in gatekeeper size causes a concurrent loss of inhibitory activity. Furthermore, two photoswitchable inhibitors exhibit activity against T. gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum infection in a cell culture model, making them a promising addition to the toolbox for dissecting the role of CDPK1 in the infectious cycle with high temporal control. Overall, this work merges the benefits of the analog-sensitive approach and photopharmacology without compromising inhibitory potency and thus holds great promise for application to other protein kinases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Street 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ellen Teichmann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Street 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Q Römpp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Street 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruthey Vivier
- VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
- School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
| | - Cole Bryant
- VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
- School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
| | - Matthew A Hulverson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, P.O. Box 358061, Seattle, 98109 Washington, United States
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, P.O. Box 358061, Seattle, 98109 Washington, United States
| | - Kayode K Ojo
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (CERID), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, P.O. Box 358061, Seattle, 98109 Washington, United States
| | - J Stone Doggett
- VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
- School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, 97239 Oregon, United States
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Street 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Street 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Lipids are key components of all organisms. We are well educated in their use as fuel and their essential role to form membranes. We also know much about their biosynthesis and metabolism. We are also aware that most lipids have signaling character meaning that a change in their concentration or location constitutes a signal that helps a living cell to respond to changes in the environment or to fulfill its specific function ranging from secretion to cell division. What is much less understood is how lipids change location in cells over time and what other biomolecules they interact with at each stage of their lifetime. Due to the large number of often quite similar lipid species and the sometimes very short lifetime of signaling lipids, we need highly specific tools to manipulate and visualize lipids and lipid-protein interactions. If successfully applied, these tools provide fabulous opportunities for discovery.In this Account, I summarize the development of synthetic tools from our lab that were designed to address crucial properties that allow them to function as tools in live cell experiments. Techniques to change the concentration of lipids by adding a small molecule or by light are described and complemented by examples of biological findings made when applying the tools. This ranges from chemical dimerizer-based systems to synthetic "caged" lipid derivatives. Furthermore, I discuss the problem of locating a lipid in an intact cell. Synthetic molecular probes are described that help to unravel the lipid location and to determine their binding proteins. These location studies require in-cell lipid tagging by click chemistry, photo-cross-linking to prevent further movement and the "caging" groups to avoid premature metabolism. The combination of these many technical features in a single tool allows for the analysis of not only lipid fluxes through metabolism but also lipid transport from one membrane to another as well as revealing the lipid interactome in a cell-dependent manner. This latter point is crucial because with these multifunctional tools in combination with lipidomics we can now address differences in healthy versus diseased cells and ultimately find the changes that are essential for disease development and new therapeutics that prevent these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and
Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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16
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Iglesias-Artola JM, Nadler A. The Road to Quantitative Lipid Biochemistry in Living Cells. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:810-820. [PMID: 36943016 PMCID: PMC10077588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusTraditional cell biological techniques are not readily suitable for studying lipid signaling events because genetic perturbations are much slower than the interconversion of lipids in complex metabolic networks. For this reason, novel chemical biological approaches have been developed. One approach is to chemically modify a lipid with a so-called "caging group" that renders it inactive, but this cage can be removed photochemically inside cells to release the bioactive molecule. These caged compounds offer unique advantages for studying the kinetics of cellular biochemistry and have been extensively used in the past. However, a limitation of conventional caged compounds is their ability to diffuse freely inside the cell, which does not permit localized activation below optical precision. This poses a challenge for studying lipid signaling as lipid function inside cells is tightly linked to their parent membrane. An ideal lipid probe should, therefore, be restricted to a single organelle membrane or preferentially to a single leaflet. We first demonstrated the plasma-membrane-specific photorelease of fatty acids by employing sulfonated caging groups. Using these caged fatty acid probes we demonstrated that lipid localization determines signaling outcome. Generalizing this approach, we designed a so-called "click cage" that can be coupled to lipids and offers the possibility to attach organelle targeting groups via click chemistry. Using this strategy, we have synthesized plasma membrane, lysosomal, mitochondria, and endoplasmic-reticulum-targeted lipids that can be used to dissect organelle-specific signaling events. To reduce the synthetic effort associated with generating caged compounds, we designed a coumarin triflate reagent that allows the direct functionalization of phosphate- or carboxylate-containing compounds. With this novel reagent, we synthesized a small library of photocaged G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands to study the underlying lipid signaling dynamics. Most recently, we have focused on quantifying the kinetics of lipid signaling for different diacylglycerol (DAG) species using plasma-membrane-targeted caged DAGs. Using this approach, we quantitatively measured lipid-protein affinities and lipid transbilayer dynamics in living cells. After analyzing DAGs with different acyl chain length and saturation degree, we discovered that affinities can vary by up to an order of magnitude. This finding clearly shows that cells are able to distinguish between individual DAG species, thereby demonstrating that lipid diversity matters in cellular signal processing. Although the recent advances have yielded valuable tools to study lipid signaling, challenges remain on specifically targeting the different leaflets of organelle membranes. Furthermore, it is necessary to simplify the experimental approaches required for parametrizing and corroborating quantitative kinetic models of lipid signaling. In the future, we envision that the application of leaflet-specific caged lipids to model membrane systems will be of crucial importance for understanding lipid asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Iglesias-Artola
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - André Nadler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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17
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Structural diversity of photoswitchable sphingolipids for optodynamic control of lipid microdomains. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00135-2. [PMID: 36869591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a structurally diverse class of lipids predominantly found in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. These lipids can laterally segregate with other rigid lipids and cholesterol into liquid-ordered domains that act as organizing centers within biomembranes. Owing the vital role of sphingolipids for lipid segregation, controlling their lateral organization is of utmost significance. Hence, we made use of the light-induced trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene-modified acyl chains to develop a set of photoswitchable sphingolipids with different headgroups (hydroxyl, galactosyl, phosphocholine) and backbones (sphingosine, phytosphingosine, tetrahydropyran-blocked sphingosine) that are able to shuttle between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered regions of model membranes upon irradiation with UV-A (λ = 365 nm) and blue (λ = 470 nm) light, respectively. Using combined high-speed atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and force spectroscopy, we investigated how these active sphingolipids laterally remodel supported bilayers upon photoisomerization, notably in terms of domain area changes, height mismatch, line tension, and membrane piercing. Hereby, we show that the sphingosine-based (Azo-β-Gal-Cer, Azo-SM, Azo-Cer) and phytosphingosine-based (Azo-α-Gal-PhCer, Azo-PhCer) photoswitchable lipids promote a reduction in liquid-ordered microdomain area when in the UV-adapted cis-isoform. In contrast, azo-sphingolipids having tetrahydropyran groups that block H-bonding at the sphingosine backbone (lipids named Azo-THP-SM, Azo-THP-Cer) induce an increase in the liquid-ordered domain area when in cis, accompanied by a major rise in height mismatch and line tension. These changes were fully reversible upon blue light-triggered isomerization of the various lipids back to trans, pinpointing the role of interfacial interactions for the formation of stable liquid-ordered domains.
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18
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Simon J, Schwalm M, Morstein J, Trauner D, Jasanoff A. Mapping light distribution in tissue by using MRI-detectable photosensitive liposomes. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:313-322. [PMID: 36550300 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing sources and targets of illumination in living tissue is challenging. Here we show that spatial distributions of light in tissue can be mapped by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presence of photosensitive nanoparticle probes. Each probe consists of a reservoir of paramagnetic molecules enclosed by a liposomal membrane incorporating photosensitive lipids. Incident light causes the photoisomerization of the lipids and alters hydrodynamic exchange across the membrane, thereby affecting longitudinal relaxation-weighted contrast in MRI. We injected the nanoparticles into the brains of live rats and used MRI to map responses to illumination profiles characteristic of widely used applications of photostimulation, photometry and phototherapy. The responses deviated from simple photon propagation models and revealed signatures of light scattering and nonlinear responsiveness. Paramagnetic liposomal nanoparticles may enable MRI to map a broad range of optical phenomena in deep tissue and other opaque environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Simon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Miriam Schwalm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Socrier L, Ahadi S, Bosse M, Montag C, Werz DB, Steinem C. Optical Manipulation of Gb 3 Enriched Lipid Domains: Impact of Isomerization on Gb 3 -Shiga Toxin B Interaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202766. [PMID: 36279320 PMCID: PMC10099549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a complex assembly of proteins and lipids that can self-assemble in submicroscopic domains commonly termed "lipid rafts", which are implicated in membrane signaling and trafficking. Recently, photo-sensitive lipids were introduced to study membrane domain organization, and photo-isomerization was shown to trigger the mixing and de-mixing of liquid-ordered (lo ) domains in artificial phase-separated membranes. Here, we synthesized globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 ) glycosphingolipids that harbor an azobenzene moiety at different positions of the fatty acid to investigate light-induced membrane domain reorganization, and that serve as specific receptors for the protein Shiga toxin (STx). Using phase-separated supported lipid bilayers on mica surfaces doped with four different photo-Gb3 molecules, we found by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy that liquid disordered (ld ) domains were formed within lo domains upon trans-cis photo-isomerization. The fraction and size of these ld domains were largest for Gb3 molecules with the azobenzene group at the end of the fatty acid. We further investigated the impact of domain reorganization on the interaction of the B-subunits of STx with the photo-Gb3 . Fluorescence and atomic force micrographs clearly demonstrated that STxB binds to the lo phase if Gb3 is in the trans-configuration, whereas two STxB populations are formed if the photo-Gb3 is switched to the cis-configuration highlighting the idea of manipulating lipid-protein interactions with a light stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias Bosse
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cindy Montag
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Jia S, Sletten EM. Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3255-3269. [PMID: 34516095 PMCID: PMC8918031 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex network of naturally occurring biological pathways motivates the development of new synthetic molecules to perturb and/or detect these processes for fundamental research and clinical applications. In this context, photochemical tools have emerged as an approach to control the activity of drug or probe molecules at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Traditional photochemical tools, particularly photolabile protecting groups (photocages) and photoswitches, rely on high-energy UV light that is only applicable to cells or transparent model animals. More recently, such designs have evolved into the visible and near-infrared regions with deeper tissue penetration, enabling photocontrol to study biology in tissue and model animal contexts. This Review highlights recent developments in synthetic far-red and near-infrared photocages and photoswitches and their current and potential applications at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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21
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A photocaged orexin-B for spatiotemporally precise control of orexin signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1729-1738.e8. [PMID: 36481097 PMCID: PMC9794195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Orexin neuropeptides carry out important neuromodulatory functions in the brain, yet tools to precisely control the activation of endogenous orexin signaling are lacking. Here, we developed a photocaged orexin-B (photo-OXB) through a C-terminal photocaging strategy. We show that photo-OXB is unable to activate its cognate receptors in the dark but releases functionally active native orexin-B upon uncaging by illumination with UV-visible (UV-vis) light (370-405 nm). We established an all-optical assay combining photo-OXB with a genetically encoded orexin biosensor and used it to characterize the efficiency and spatial profile of photo-OXB uncaging. Finally, we demonstrated that photo-OXB enables optical control over orexin signaling with fine temporal precision both in vitro and ex vivo. Thus, our photocaging strategy and photo-OXB advance the chemical biological toolkit by introducing a method for the optical control of peptide signaling and physiological function.
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22
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Light-Switchable Membrane Permeability in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122777. [PMID: 36559270 PMCID: PMC9780837 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were synthesized by blending the natural phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) with a photoswitchable amphiphile (1) that undergoes photoisomerization upon irradiation with UV-A (E to Z) and blue (Z to E) light. The mixed vesicles showed marked changes in behavior in response to UV light, including changes in morphology and the opening of pores. The fine control of membrane permeability with consequent cargo release could be attained by modulating either the UV irradiation intensity or the membrane composition. As a proof of concept, the photocontrolled release of sucrose from mixed GUVs is demonstrated using microscopy (phase contrast) and confocal studies. The permeability of the GUVs to sucrose could be increased to ~4 × 10-2 μm/s when the system was illuminated by UV light. With respect to previously reported systems (entirely composed of synthetic amphiphiles), our findings demonstrate the potential of photosensitive GUVs that are mainly composed of natural lipids to be used in medical and biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery and localized topical treatments.
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23
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Wegner T, Laskar R, Glorius F. Lipid mimetics: A versatile toolbox for lipid biology and beyond. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102209. [PMID: 36122522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Being the principal component of biological membranes lipids are essential building blocks of life. Given their huge biological importance, the investigation of lipids, their properties, interactions and metabolic pathways is of prime importance for the fundamental understanding of living cells and organisms as well as the emergence of diseases. Different strategies have been applied to investigate lipid-mediated biological processes, one of them being the use of lipid mimetics. They structurally resemble their natural counterparts but are equipped with functionality that can be used to probe or manipulate lipid-mediated biological processes and biomembranes. Lipid mimetics therefore constitute an indispensable toolbox for lipid biology and membrane research but also beyond for potential applications in medicine or synthetic biology. Herein, we highlight recent advances in the development and application of lipid-mimicking compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ranjini Laskar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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24
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Abstract
Membranes are multifunctional supramolecular assemblies that encapsulate our cells and the organelles within them. Glycerophospholipids are the most abundant component of membranes. They make up the majority of the lipid bilayer and play both structural and functional roles. Each organelle has a different phospholipid composition critical for its function that results from dynamic interplay and regulation of numerous lipid-metabolizing enzymes and lipid transporters. Because lipid structures and localizations are not directly genetically encoded, chemistry has much to offer to the world of lipid biology in the form of precision tools for visualizing lipid localization and abundance, manipulating lipid composition, and in general decoding the functions of lipids in cells.In this Account, we provide an overview of our recent efforts in this space focused on two overarching and complementary goals: imaging and editing the phospholipidome. On the imaging front, we have harnessed the power of bioorthogonal chemistry to develop fluorescent reporters of specific lipid pathways. Substantial efforts have centered on phospholipase D (PLD) signaling, which generates the humble lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) that acts variably as a biosynthetic intermediate and signaling agent. Though PLD is a hydrolase that generates PA from abundant phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, we have exploited its transphosphatidylation activity with exogenous clickable alcohols followed by bioorthogonal tagging to generate fluorescent lipid reporters of PLD signaling in a set of methods termed IMPACT.IMPACT and its variants have facilitated many biological discoveries. Using the rapid and fluorogenic tetrazine ligation, it has revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of disease-relevant G protein-coupled receptor signaling and interorganelle lipid transport. IMPACT using diazirine photo-cross-linkers has enabled identification of lipid-protein interactions relevant to alcohol-related diseases. Varying the alcohol reporter can allow for organelle-selective labeling, and varying the bioorthogonal detection reagent can afford super-resolution lipid imaging via expansion microscopy. Combination of IMPACT with genome-wide CRISPR screening has revealed genes that regulate physiological PLD signaling.PLD enzymes themselves can also act as tools for precision editing of the phospholipid content of membranes. An optogenetic PLD for conditional blue-light-stimulated synthesis of PA on defined organelle compartments led to the discovery of the role of organelle-specific pools of PA in regulating oncogenic Hippo signaling. Directed enzyme evolution of PLD, enabled by IMPACT, has yielded highly active superPLDs with broad substrate tolerance and an ability to edit membrane phospholipid content and synthesize designer phospholipids in vitro. Finally, azobenzene-containing PA analogues represent an alternative, all-chemical strategy for light-mediated control of PA signaling.Collectively, the strategies described here summarize our progress to date in tackling the challenge of assigning precise functions to defined pools of phospholipids in cells. They also point to new challenges and directions for future study, including extension of imaging and membrane editing tools to other classes of lipids. We envision that continued application of bioorthogonal chemistry, optogenetics, and directed evolution will yield new tools and discoveries to interrogate the phospholipidome and reveal new mechanisms regulating phospholipid homeostasis and roles for phospholipids in cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Din-Chi Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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25
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Morstein J, Bader T, Cardillo AL, Schackmann J, Ashok S, Hougland JL, Hrycyna CA, Trauner DH, Distefano MD. Photoswitchable Isoprenoid Lipids Enable Optical Control of Peptide Lipidation. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2945-2953. [PMID: 36194691 PMCID: PMC9799063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable lipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid bioactivity, metabolism, and biophysical properties. Their design is typically based on the incorporation of an azobenzene photoswitch into the hydrophobic lipid tail, which can be switched between its trans- and cis-form using two different wavelengths of light. While glycero- and sphingolipids have been successfully designed to be photoswitchable, isoprenoid lipids have not yet been investigated. Herein, we describe the development of photoswitchable analogs of an isoprenoid lipid and systematically assess their potential for the optical control of various steps in the isoprenylation processing pathway of CaaX proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One photoswitchable analog of farnesyl diphosphate (AzoFPP-1) allowed effective optical control of substrate prenylation by farnesyltransferase. The subsequent steps of isoprenylation processing (proteolysis by either Ste24 or Rce1 and carboxyl methylation by Ste14) were less affected by photoisomerization of the group introduced into the lipid moiety of the substrate a-factor, a mating pheromone from yeast. We assessed both proteolysis and methylation of the a-factor analogs in vitro and the bioactivity of a fully processed a-factor analog containing the photoswitch, exogenously added to cognate yeast cells. Combined, these data describe the first successful conversion of an isoprenoid lipid into a photolipid and suggest the utility of this approach for the optical control of protein prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Taysir Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ariana L. Cardillo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julian Schackmann
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Sudhat Ashok
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - Dirk H. Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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26
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Pritzl SD, Morstein J, Kahler S, Konrad DB, Trauner D, Lohmüller T. Postsynthetic Photocontrol of Giant Liposomes via Fusion-Based Photolipid Doping. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11941-11949. [PMID: 36130117 PMCID: PMC9536078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on photolipid doping of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) via vesicle fusion with small unilamellar photolipid vesicles (pSUVs), which enables retroactive optical control of the membrane properties. We observe that vesicle fusion is light-dependent, if the phospholipids are neutral. Charge-mediated fusion involving anionic and cationic lipid molecules augments the overall fusion performance and doping efficiency, even in the absence of light exposure. Using phosphatidylcholine analogs with one or two azobenzene photoswitches (azo-PC and dazo-PC) affects domain formation, bending stiffness, and shape of the resulting vesicles in response to irradiation. Moreover, we show that optical membrane control can be extended to long wavelengths using red-absorbing photolipids (red-azo-PC). Combined, our findings present an attractive and practical method for the precise delivery of photolipids, which offers new prospects for the optical control of membrane function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D. Pritzl
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Sophia Kahler
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
| | - David B. Konrad
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, Silver Center, New York 10003, United States
| | - Theobald Lohmüller
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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27
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Yu J, Liang C, Lee M, Das S, Ye A, Mujid F, Poddar PK, Cheng B, Abbott NL, Park J. Two-Dimensional Mechanics of Atomically Thin Solids on Water. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7180-7186. [PMID: 36047815 PMCID: PMC9479134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Movement of a three-dimensional solid at an air-water interface is strongly influenced by the extrinsic interactions between the solid and the water. The finite thickness and volume of a moving solid causes capillary interactions and water-induced drag. In this Letter, we report the fabrication and dynamical imaging of freely floating MoS2 solids on water, which minimizes such extrinsic effects. For this, we delaminate a synthesized wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 onto a water surface, which shows negligible height difference across water and MoS2. Subsequently patterning by a laser generates arbitrarily shaped MoS2 with negligible in-plane strain. We introduce photoswitchable surfactants to exert a lateral force to floating MoS2 with a spatiotemporal control. Using this platform, we demonstrate a variety of two-dimensional mechanical systems that show reversible shape changes. Our experiment provides a versatile approach for designing and controlling a large array of atomically thin solids on water for intrinsically two-dimensional dynamics and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ce Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Myungjae Lee
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew Ye
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Fauzia Mujid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Preeti K Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Baorui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiwoong Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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28
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Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Hirahara M. Photofunctional molecular assembly for artificial photosynthesis: Beyond a simple dye sensitization strategy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Crea F, Vorkas A, Redlich A, Cruz R, Shi C, Trauner D, Lange A, Schlesinger R, Heberle J. Photoactivation of a Mechanosensitive Channel. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:905306. [PMID: 35836929 PMCID: PMC9273776 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.905306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics in the conventional sense, i.e. the use of engineered proteins that gain their light sensitivity from naturally abundant chromophores, represents an exciting means to trigger and control biological activity by light. As an alternate approach, photopharmacology controls biological activity with the help of synthetic photoswitches. Here, we used an azobenzene-derived lipid analogue to optically activate the transmembrane mechanosensitive channel MscL which responds to changes in the lateral pressure of the lipid bilayer. In this work, MscL has been reconstituted in nanodiscs, which provide a native-like environment to the protein and a physical constraint to membrane expansion. We characterized this photomechanical system by FTIR spectroscopy and assigned the vibrational bands of the light-induced FTIR difference spectra of the trans and cis states of the azobenzene photolipid by DFT calculations. Differences in the amide I range indicated reversible conformational changes in MscL as a direct consequence of light switching. With the mediation of nanodiscs, we inserted the transmembrane protein in a free standing photoswitchable lipid bilayer, where electrophysiological recordings confirmed that the ion channel could be set to one of its sub-conducting states upon light illumination. In conclusion, a novel approach is presented to photoactivate and control cellular processes as complex and intricate as gravitropism and turgor sensing in plants, contractility of the heart, as well as sensing pain, hearing, and touch in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucsia Crea
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antreas Vorkas
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoife Redlich
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rubén Cruz
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chaowei Shi
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Lange
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Schlesinger
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Heberle,
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30
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Baserga F, Vorkas A, Crea F, Schubert L, Chen JL, Redlich A, La Greca M, Storm J, Oldemeyer S, Hoffmann K, Schlesinger R, Heberle J. Membrane Protein Activity Induces Specific Molecular Changes in Nanodiscs Monitored by FTIR Difference Spectroscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915328. [PMID: 35769914 PMCID: PMC9234331 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that lipids neighboring integral membrane proteins directly influence their function. The opposite effect is true as well, as membrane proteins undergo structural changes after activation and thus perturb the lipidic environment. Here, we studied the interaction between these molecular machines and the lipid bilayer by observing changes in the lipid vibrational bands via FTIR spectroscopy. Membrane proteins with different functionalities have been reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs: Microbial rhodopsins that act as light-activated ion pumps (the proton pumps NsXeR and UmRh1, and the chloride pump NmHR) or as sensors (NpSRII), as well as the electron-driven cytochrome c oxidase RsCcO. The effects of the structural changes on the surrounding lipid phase are compared to mechanically induced lateral tension exerted by the light-activatable lipid analogue AzoPC. With the help of isotopologues, we show that the ν(C = O) ester band of the glycerol backbone reports on changes in the lipids’ collective state induced by mechanical changes in the transmembrane proteins. The perturbation of the nanodisc lipids seems to involve their phase and/or packing state. 13C-labeling of the scaffold protein shows that its structure also responds to the mechanical expansion of the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Baserga
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antreas Vorkas
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fucsia Crea
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luiz Schubert
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jheng-Liang Chen
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoife Redlich
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Julian Storm
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramona Schlesinger
- Department of Physics, Genetic Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ramona Schlesinger, ; Joachim Heberle,
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Department of Physics, Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ramona Schlesinger, ; Joachim Heberle,
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31
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Erkan-Candag H, Krivic D, Gsell MAF, Aleksanyan M, Stockner T, Dimova R, Tiapko O, Groschner K. Characterization of DAG Binding to TRPC Channels by Target-Dependent cis-trans Isomerization of OptoDArG. Biomolecules 2022; 12:799. [PMID: 35740924 PMCID: PMC9221121 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Azobenzene-based photochromic lipids are valuable probes for the analysis of ion channel-lipid interactions. Rapid photoisomerization of these molecules enables the analysis of lipid gating kinetics and provides information on lipid sensing. Thermal relaxation of the metastable cis conformation to the trans conformation of azobenzene photolipids is rather slow in the dark and may be modified by ligand-protein interactions. Cis photolipid-induced changes in pure lipid membranes as visualized from the morphological response of giant unilamellar vesicles indicated that thermal cis-trans isomerization of both PhoDAG-1 and OptoDArG is essentially slow in the lipid bilayer environment. While the currents activated by cis PhoDAG remained stable upon termination of UV light exposure (dark, UV-OFF), cis OptoDArG-induced TRPC3/6/7 activity displayed a striking isoform-dependent exponential decay. The deactivation kinetics of cis OptoDArG-induced currents in the dark was sensitive to mutations in the L2 lipid coordination site of TRPC channels. We conclude that the binding of cis OptoDArG to TRPC channels promotes transition of cis OptoDArG to the trans conformation. This process is suggested to provide valuable information on DAG-ion channel interactions and may enable highly selective photopharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Erkan-Candag
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging—Division of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.E.-C.); (D.K.); (M.A.F.G.)
| | - Denis Krivic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging—Division of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.E.-C.); (D.K.); (M.A.F.G.)
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (M.A.); (R.D.)
| | - Mathias A. F. Gsell
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging—Division of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.E.-C.); (D.K.); (M.A.F.G.)
| | - Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (M.A.); (R.D.)
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (M.A.); (R.D.)
| | - Oleksandra Tiapko
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging—Division of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.E.-C.); (D.K.); (M.A.F.G.)
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging—Division of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.E.-C.); (D.K.); (M.A.F.G.)
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32
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Babu D, Katsonis N, Lancia F, Plamont R, Ryabchun A. Motile behaviour of droplets in lipid systems. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:377-388. [PMID: 37117430 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Motility is the capacity for living organisms to move autonomously and with purpose, and is essential to life. The transition from abiotic chemistry into motile cellular compartments has yet to be understood, but motile behaviour likely followed chemical evolution because primeval cell survival depended on scouting for resources effectively. Minimalistic motile systems provide an experimental framework to delineate the emergence mechanisms of such an evolutionary asset. In this Review, we discuss frontier developments in controlling the movement of droplets in lipid systems, in particular, chemotactic behaviours driven by fluctuations in interfacial tension, because of its simple mechanism and prebiotic relevance. Although most efforts have focused on designing oil droplet motility in lipid-rich aqueous solutions, we highlight that water droplets can also move in lipid-enriched oils. First, we describe how droplets evolve chemotactic motility in lipid systems. Next, we review how these oil droplets can adapt their movement to illumination conditions. Finally, we discuss examples where chemical reactivity brings complexity to motility. This work contributes to systems chemistry, where chemical reactions combined with physicochemical phenomena can yield new functions, such that a limited set of molecules can promote complex movement at larger functional scales by following the rules of molecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Babu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Federico Lancia
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remi Plamont
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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33
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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34
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Photopharmacological control of cell signaling with photoswitchable lipids. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 63:102202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Zhu J, Guo T, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Triggered azobenzene-based prodrugs and drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 345:475-493. [PMID: 35339578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzene-based molecules show unique trans-cis isomerization upon ultraviolet light irradiation, which induce the change of polarity, crystallinity, stability, and binding affinity with pharmacological target. Moreover, azobenzene is the substrate of azoreductase that is often overexpressed in many pathological sites, e.g. hypoxic solid tumor. Therefore, azobenzene can be a multifunctional molecule in material science, pharmaceutical science and biomedicine because of its sensitivity to light, hypoxia and certain enzymes, hence showing potential application in site-specific smart therapy. Herein we focus on the employment of azobenzene and its derivatives for engineering triggered prodrug and drug delivery systems, and provide an overview of photoswitchable azo-based prodrugs, the associated problems regarding ultraviolet light and reversible isomerization, as well as the potential solutions. We also present the advance of azo-bearing delivery vehicles wherein azobenzene act as the linker, capping agent, and building block, and discuss the corresponding mechanisms for controlled cargo release, endocytosis enhancement and sensitization of free radical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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36
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Andringa RLH, Jonker M, Minnaard AJ. Synthesis of phosphatidic acids via cobalt(salen) catalyzed epoxide ring-opening with dibenzyl phosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2200-2204. [PMID: 35253820 PMCID: PMC8924959 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With a CoIII(salen)OTs catalyst, dibenzyl phosphate ring-opens a variety of terminal epoxides with excellent regio-selectively and yields up to 85%. The reaction is used in a highly efficient synthesis of enantiopure mixed-diacyl phosphatidic acids, including a photoswitchable phosphatidic acid mimic. A cobalt-catalyzed, phosphate-induced, ring-opening reaction is used in an efficient synthesis of enantiopure mixed-diacyl phosphatidic acids, including a photoswitchable phosphatidic acid mimic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben L H Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marijn Jonker
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Tei R, Baskin JM. Click chemistry and optogenetic approaches to visualize and manipulate phosphatidic acid signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101810. [PMID: 35276134 PMCID: PMC9006657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The simple structure of phosphatidic acid (PA) belies its complex biological functions as both a key phospholipid biosynthetic intermediate and a potent signaling molecule. In the latter role, PA controls processes including vesicle trafficking, actin dynamics, cell growth, and migration. However, experimental methods to decode the pleiotropy of PA are sorely lacking. Because PA metabolism and trafficking are rapid, approaches to accurately visualize and manipulate its levels require high spatiotemporal precision. Here, we describe recent efforts to create a suite of chemical tools that enable imaging and perturbation of PA signaling. First, we describe techniques to visualize PA production by phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes, which are major producers of PA, called Imaging Phospholipase D Activity with Clickable Alcohols via Transphosphatidylation (IMPACT). IMPACT harnesses the ability of endogenous PLD enzymes to accept bioorthogonally tagged alcohols in transphosphatidylation reactions to generate functionalized reporter lipids that are subsequently fluorescently tagged via click chemistry. Second, we describe two light-controlled approaches for precisely manipulating PA signaling. Optogenetic PLDs use light-mediated heterodimerization to recruit a bacterial PLD to desired organelle membranes, and photoswitchable PA analogs contain azobenzene photoswitches in their acyl tails, enabling molecular shape and bioactivity to be controlled by light. We highlight select applications of these tools for studying GPCR–Gq signaling, discovering regulators of PLD signaling, tracking intracellular lipid transport pathways, and elucidating new oncogenic signaling roles for PA. We envision that these chemical tools hold promise for revealing many new insights into lipid signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Tei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 14853
| | - Jeremy M Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA 14853.
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38
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Yang X, Li M, Qin X, Tan S, Du L, Ma C, Li M. Photophosphatidylserine Guides Natural Killer Cell Photoimmunotherapy via Tim-3. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3863-3874. [PMID: 35226805 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, in addition to their cytotoxicity function, harbor prominent cytokine production capabilities and contribute to regulating autoimmune responses. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein-3 (Tim-3) is one of the inhibitory receptors on NK cells and a promising immune checkpoint target. We recently found that phosphatidylserine (PS) binding to Tim-3 can suppress NK cell activation. Therefore, based on the therapeutic potential of Tim-3 in NK-cell-mediated diseases, we developed a photoswitchable ligand of Tim-3, termed photophosphatidylserine (phoPS), that mimics the effects of PS. Upon 365 or 455 nm light irradiation, the isomer of phoPS cyclically conversed the cis/trans configuration, resulting in an active/inactive Tim-3 ligand, thus modulating the function of NK cells in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that reversible phoPS enabled optical control of acute hepatitis. Together, phoPS may be an appealing tool for autoimmune diseases and cytokine storms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Siyu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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39
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Abstract
Glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols are the three major classes of membrane lipids. Both glycerolipids and sphingolipids are comprised of combinations of polar headgroups and fatty acid tails. The fatty acid tail can be chemically modified with an azobenzene photoswitch giving rise to photoswitchable lipids. This approach has yielded a number of photopharmacological tools that allow for the control various of aspects of lipid assembly, metabolism, and physiology with light.
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40
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Simon C, Feng S, Riezman H. Chemical Biology Tools to Study Lipids and their Metabolism with Increased Spatial and Temporal Resolution. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:1012-1016. [PMID: 34920769 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important cellular components providing many essential functions. To fulfill these various functions evolution has selected for a diverse set of lipids and this diversity is seen at the organismal, cellular and subcellular level. Understanding how cells maintain this complex lipid organization is a very challenging problem, which for lipids, is not easily addressed using biochemical and genetic techniques. Therefore, chemical tools have an important role to play in our quest to understand the complexities of lipid metabolism. Here we discuss new chemical tools to study lipids, their distribution and metabolism with increased spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Simon
- NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva
| | - Suihan Feng
- NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva; Current Address : Center for Microbes, Health and Development (CMDH), Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva;,
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41
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Bryan AM, You JK, Li G, Kim J, Singh A, Morstein J, Trauner D, Pereira de Sá N, Normile TG, Farnoud AM, London E, Del Poeta M. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101411. [PMID: 34793834 PMCID: PMC8661020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle M Bryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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42
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Nin-Hill A, Mueller NPF, Molteni C, Rovira C, Alfonso-Prieto M. Photopharmacology of Ion Channels through the Light of the Computational Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12072. [PMID: 34769504 PMCID: PMC8584574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical control and investigation of neuronal activity can be achieved and carried out with photoswitchable ligands. Such compounds are designed in a modular fashion, combining a known ligand of the target protein and a photochromic group, as well as an additional electrophilic group for tethered ligands. Such a design strategy can be optimized by including structural data. In addition to experimental structures, computational methods (such as homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques) can provide structural insights to guide photoswitch design and to understand the observed light-regulated effects. This review discusses the application of such structure-based computational methods to photoswitchable ligands targeting voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels. Structural mapping may help identify residues near the ligand binding pocket amenable for mutagenesis and covalent attachment. Modeling of the target protein in a complex with the photoswitchable ligand can shed light on the different activities of the two photoswitch isomers and the effect of site-directed mutations on photoswitch binding, as well as ion channel subtype selectivity. The examples presented here show how the integration of computational modeling with experimental data can greatly facilitate photoswitchable ligand design and optimization. Recent advances in structural biology, both experimental and computational, are expected to further strengthen this rational photopharmacology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Nin-Hill
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-H.); (C.R.)
| | - Nicolas Pierre Friedrich Mueller
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carla Molteni
- Physics Department, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.N.-H.); (C.R.)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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43
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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44
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Tei R, Morstein J, Shemet A, Trauner D, Baskin JM. Optical Control of Phosphatidic Acid Signaling. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1205-1215. [PMID: 34345670 PMCID: PMC8323247 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acids (PAs) are glycerophospholipids that regulate key cell signaling pathways governing cell growth and proliferation, including the mTOR and Hippo pathways. Their acyl chains vary in tail length and degree of saturation, leading to marked differences in the signaling functions of different PA species. For example, in mTOR signaling, saturated forms of PA are inhibitory, whereas unsaturated forms are activating. To enable rapid control over PA signaling, we describe here the development of photoswitchable analogues of PA, termed AzoPA and dAzoPA, that contain azobenzene groups in one or both lipid tails, respectively. These photolipids enable optical control of their tail structure and can be reversibly switched between a straight trans form and a relatively bent cis form. We found that cis-dAzoPA selectively activates mTOR signaling, mimicking the bioactivity of unsaturated forms of PA. Further, in the context of Hippo signaling, whose growth-suppressing activity is blocked by PA, we found that the cis forms of both AzoPA and dAzoPA selectively inhibit this pathway. Collectively, these photoswitchable PA analogues enable optical control of mTOR and Hippo signaling, and we envision future applications of these probes to dissect the pleiotropic effects of physiological and pathological PA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika Tei
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and
Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and
Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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45
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Willems S, Morstein J, Hinnah K, Trauner D, Merk D. A Photohormone for Light-Dependent Control of PPARα in Live Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10393-10402. [PMID: 34213899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photopharmacology enables the optical control of several biochemical processes using small-molecule photoswitches that exhibit different bioactivities in their cis- and trans-conformations. Such tool compounds allow for high spatiotemporal control of biological signaling, and the approach also holds promise for the development of drug molecules that can be locally activated to reduce target-mediated adverse effects. Herein, we present the expansion of the photopharmacological arsenal to two new members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, PPARα and PPARδ. We have developed a set of highly potent PPARα and PPARδ targeting photohormones derived from the weak pan-PPAR agonist GL479 that can be deactivated by light. The photohormone 6 selectively activated PPARα in its trans-conformation with high selectivity over the related PPAR subtypes and was used in live cells to switch PPARα activity on and off in a light- and time-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Konstantin Hinnah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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46
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Doroudgar M, Morstein J, Becker-Baldus J, Trauner D, Glaubitz C. How Photoswitchable Lipids Affect the Order and Dynamics of Lipid Bilayers and Embedded Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9515-9528. [PMID: 34133158 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altering the properties of phospholipid membranes by light is an attractive option for the noninvasive manipulation of membrane proteins and cellular functions. Lipids with an azobenzene group within their acyl chains such as AzoPC are suitable tools for manipulating lipid order and dynamics through a light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization. However, the action of these photoswitchable lipids at the atomic level is still poorly understood. Here, liposomes containing AzoPC, POPE, and POPG have been characterized by solid-state NMR through chemical shift and dipolar CH order parameter measurements. Upon UV-light illumination, an efficient trans-to-cis conversion can be achieved resulting in a localized reduction of the CH order parameter within the bulk lipid acyl chains. This effect is even more pronounced in liposomes containing the integral membrane protein E. coli diacylglycerol kinase. The protein responds to the light-induced trans-to-cis isomerization by a site-specific increase in the molecular dynamics as observed by altered cross peak intensities in NCA spectra. This study represents a proof-of-concept demonstration for the use of photoswitchable lipids to modulate membrane properties by light for inducing dynamic changes within an embedded membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudreza Doroudgar
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Johanna Becker-Baldus
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Clemens Glaubitz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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47
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Farley S, Laguerre A, Schultz C. Caged lipids for subcellular manipulation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 65:42-48. [PMID: 34119744 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present recently developed strategies to manipulate lipid levels in live cells by light. We focus on photoremovable protecting groups that lead to subcellular restricted localization and activation and discuss alternative techniques. We emphasize the development of organelle targeting of caged lipids and discuss recent advances in chromatic orthogonality of caging groups for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scotland Farley
- Dept. Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aurélien Laguerre
- Dept. Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Dept. Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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48
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Chander N, Morstein J, Bolten JS, Shemet A, Cullis PR, Trauner D, Witzigmann D. Optimized Photoactivatable Lipid Nanoparticles Enable Red Light Triggered Drug Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2008198. [PMID: 33880882 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202008198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of small molecule drugs in long-circulating lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can reduce toxic side effects and enhance accumulation at tumor sites. A fundamental problem, however, is the slow release of encapsulated drugs from these liposomal systems at the disease site resulting in limited therapeutic benefit. Methods to trigger release at specific sites are highly warranted. Here, it is demonstrated that incorporation of ultraviolet (UV-A) or red-light photoswitchable-phosphatidylcholine analogs (AzoPC and redAzoPC) in conventional LNPs generates photoactivatable LNPs (paLNPs) having comparable structural integrity, drug loading capacity, and size distribution to the parent DSPC-cholesterol liposomes. It is shown that 65-70% drug release (doxorubicin) can be induced from these systems by irradiation with pulsed light based on trans-to-cis azobenzene isomerization. In vitro it is confirmed that paLNPs are non-toxic in the dark but convey cytotoxicity upon irradiation in a human cancer cell line. In vivo studies in zebrafish embryos demonstrate prolonged blood circulation and extravasation of paLNPs comparable to clinically approved formulations, with enhanced drug release following irradiation with pulsed light. Conclusively, paLNPs closely mimic the properties of clinically approved LNPs with the added benefit of light-induced drug release making them promising candidates for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chander
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Jan S Bolten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Shemet
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Room 5451, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 712, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Room 5451, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Morstein J, Kol M, Novak AJE, Feng S, Khayyo S, Hinnah K, Li-Purcell N, Pan G, Williams BM, Riezman H, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Holthuis JCM, Trauner D. Short Photoswitchable Ceramides Enable Optical Control of Apoptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:452-456. [PMID: 33586946 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report short ceramide analogs that can be activated with light and further functionalized using azide-alkyne click chemistry. These molecules, termed scaCers, exhibit increased cell permeability compared to their long-chain analogs as demonstrated using mass spectrometry and imaging. Notably, scaCers enable optical control of apoptosis, which is not observed with long-chain variants. Additionally, they function as photoswitchable substrates for sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), exhibiting inverted light-dependence compared to their extended analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexander J. E. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Suihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shadi Khayyo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Konstantin Hinnah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Nasi Li-Purcell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Grace Pan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | | | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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Von Bank H, Hurtado-Thiele M, Oshimura N, Simcox J. Mitochondrial Lipid Signaling and Adaptive Thermogenesis. Metabolites 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33671745 PMCID: PMC7926967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis is an energy demanding process by which endotherms produce heat to maintain their body temperature in response to cold exposure. Mitochondria in the brown and beige adipocytes play a key role in thermogenesis, as the site for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which allows for the diffusion of protons through the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce heat. To support this energy demanding process, the mitochondria in brown and beige adipocytes increase oxidation of glucose, amino acids, and lipids. This review article explores the various mitochondria-produced and processed lipids that regulate thermogenesis including cardiolipins, free fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. These lipids play a number of roles in thermogenic adipose tissue including structural support of UCP1, transcriptional regulation, fuel source, and activation of cell signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (H.V.B.); (M.H.-T.); (N.O.)
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