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Wang Y, Zhao X, Li Z, Wang W, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Ren Y, Xu X, Hu X. Decidual natural killer cells dysfunction is caused by IDO downregulation in dMDSCs with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Commun Biol 2024; 7:669. [PMID: 38822095 PMCID: PMC11143278 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance by expressing some immune-suppressive molecules, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection can break the immune microenvironment of maternal-fetal interface, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether T. gondii affects IDO expression in dMDSCs and the molecular mechanism of its effect are still unclear. Here we show, the mRNA level of IDO is increased but the protein level decreased in infected dMDSCs. Mechanistically, the upregulation of transcriptional levels of IDO in dMDSCs is regulated through STAT3/p52-RelB pathway and the decrease of IDO expression is due to its degradation caused by increased SOCS3 after T. gondii infection. In vivo, the adverse pregnancy outcomes of IDO-/- infected mice are more severe than those of wide-type infected mice and obviously improved after exogenous kynurenine treatment. Also, the reduction of IDO in dMDSCs induced by T. gondii infection results in the downregulation of TGF-β and IL-10 expression in dNK cells regulated through Kyn/AhR/SP1 signal pathway, eventually leading to the dysfunction of dNK cells and contributing the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism in adverse pregnancy outcome induced by T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Yantai Affiliated hospital of Binzhou Medial University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhidan Li
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xianbing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yushan Ren
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, PR China.
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2
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Hou JJ, Ma AH, Qin YH. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1279172. [PMID: 37942478 PMCID: PMC10628454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1279172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease that affects more than 3.5 million people, with rising prevalence. It deeply affects patients' daily life, increasing the burden on patients, families, and society. Presently, the etiology of IBD remains incompletely clarified, while emerging evidence has demonstrated that altered gut microbiota and decreased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity are closely associated with IBD. Furthermore, microbial metabolites are capable of AHR activation as AHR ligands, while the AHR, in turn, affects the microbiota through various pathways. In light of the complex connection among gut microbiota, the AHR, and IBD, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we describe the role of gut microbiota and AHR activation in IBD and discussed the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the AHR in the context of IBD. Taken as a whole, we propose new therapeutic strategies targeting the AHR-microbiota axis for IBD, even for other related diseases caused by AHR-microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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3
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Holme JA, Valen H, Brinchmann BC, Vist GE, Grimsrud TK, Becher R, Holme AM, Øvrevik J, Alexander J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may explain the paradoxical effects of cigarette use on preeclampsia (PE). Toxicology 2022; 473:153206. [PMID: 35550401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and use of snus (smokeless tobacco) are associated with adverse effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Nicotine is considered a key toxicant involved in effects caused by both smoking and snus, while pyrolysis products including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke represents the constituents most unequally divided between these two groups of tobacco products. The aim of this review was: i) to compare the impact, in terms of relative effect estimates, of cigarette smoking and use of Swedish snus on pregnancy outcomes using similar non-tobacco user controls, and ii) to examine whether exposure to PAHs from smoking could explain possible differences in impact on pregnancy outcomes. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to October 2021 and identified studies reporting risks for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with snus use and with smoking relative to pregnant women with no use of tobacco. Both snus use and smoking were associated with increased risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, and oral cleft malformation, with comparable point estimates. These effects were likely due to comparable nicotine exposure. We also found striking differences. While both smoking and snus increased the risk of having small for gestational age (SGA) infants, risk from maternal smoking was markedly higher as was the reduction in birthweight. In contrast, the risk of preeclampsia (PE) was markedly lower in smokers than in controls, while snus use was associated with a slightly increased risk. We suggest that PAHs acting via AhR may explain the stronger effects of tobacco smoking on SGA and also to the apparent protective effect of cigarette smoking on PE. Possible mechanisms involved include: i) disrupted endocrine control of fetal development as well as placental development and function, and ii) stress adaption and immune suppression in placenta and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Håkon Valen
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn E Vist
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom K Grimsrud
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rune Becher
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ane M Holme
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Climate and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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4
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Current Limitations and Perspectives of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T-Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246157. [PMID: 34944782 PMCID: PMC8699597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most frequent type of acute leukemia in adults. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has been the only potentially curative treatment for the majority of patients. The ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy directed against the CD19 antigen to induce durable remissions in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has provided optimism that this novel treatment paradigm can be extrapolated to AML. In this review, we provide an overview of candidate target antigens for CAR-T-cells in AML, an update on recent progress in preclinical and clinical development of investigational CAR-T-cell products, and discuss challenges for the clinical implementation of CAR-T-cell therapy in AML. Abstract Adoptive transfer of gene-engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells has emerged as a powerful immunotherapy for combating hematologic cancers. Several target antigens that are prevalently expressed on AML cells have undergone evaluation in preclinical CAR-T-cell testing. Attributes of an ‘ideal’ target antigen for CAR-T-cell therapy in AML include high-level expression on leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells (LSCs), and absence on healthy tissues, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In contrast to other blood cancer types, where CAR-T therapies are being similarly studied, only a rather small number of AML patients has received CAR-T-cell treatment in clinical trials, resulting in limited clinical experience for this therapeutic approach in AML. For curative AML treatment, abrogation of bulk blasts and LSCs is mandatory with the need for hematopoietic recovery after CAR-T administration. Herein, we provide a critical review of the current pipeline of candidate target antigens and corresponding CAR-T-cell products in AML, assess challenges for clinical translation and implementation in routine clinical practice, as well as perspectives for overcoming them.
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Meenakshi Sundaram R, Kadapakkam Nandabalan S, Rupert S, Srinivasan P, Sankar P, Patra B, Verma RS, Vennila R, Sathyanesan J, Rajagopal S. Differential immunomodulation of human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from various sources in an inflammation mimetic milieu. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:110-123. [PMID: 34740526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are very advantageous in the field of regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory properties. However, reports show that these properties vary from source to source. Hence, understanding the source-dependent specificity of MSCs and their immunomodulatory abilities will enable optimal use of MSCs in cell-based therapies. Here, we studied human MSCs from three different sources, adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and Wharton's jelly (WJ), with respect to phenotypic responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells (hPBMCs/MNCs) and the concurrent changes in cytokine expression in MSCs, under mitogen-stimulated co-culture conditions. We used cytometric analysis to study the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs on MNCs and cytokine profiling of MSCs using a customized PCR array and solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results reveal differential modulation of immune cells as well as MSCs upon activation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin, independently and in co-culture. Notably, we observed source-specific MSC-cytokine signatures under stimulated conditions. Our results show that AT-MSCs up-regulate VEGF, BM-MSCs up-regulate PTGS-2 and WJ-MSCs increase expression of IDO considerably compared with controls. This remarkable modulation in source-specific cytokine expression was also validated at a functional level by quantitative protein expression studies. In our hands, even though MSCs from AT, BM and WJ sources exhibit characteristic immunomodulatory properties, our results highlight that MSCs sourced from different tissues may exhibit unique cytokine signatures and thus may be suitable for specific regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Secunda Rupert
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Pavithra Sankar
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rama Shankar Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rosy Vennila
- Government Medical College Hospital, Karur, India
| | | | - Surendran Rajagopal
- Hepato-Pancreato Biliary Centre for Surgery and Transplantation, MIOT International Hospital, Chennai, India.
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6
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Silvano A, Seravalli V, Strambi N, Cecchi M, Tartarotti E, Parenti A, Di Tommaso M. Tryptophan metabolism and immune regulation in the human placenta. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103361. [PMID: 34365162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta represents the maternal-fetal vascular interface. It is capable of supplying the bioenergetic needs of the developing conceptus. It is composed of different cell types that engage in highly varied functions, ranging from attachment, invasion and vascular remodeling to cell fusion, hormone production, and nutrient transport. A deep knowledge of the immunological mechanisms responsible for maintaining an active tolerance towards an allogeneic fetus and the anti-inflammatory properties of the placenta can be useful to clarify the pathogenesis of adverse events in pregnancy. While the systemic mechanisms of this immunological regulation in pregnancy have been well studied, the metabolic processes involved in the placental immune response are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important information concerning the immune regulation in pregnancy, focusing on the role of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism performed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Seravalli
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Strambi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tartarotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
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7
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Marinić M, Mika K, Chigurupati S, Lynch VJ. Evolutionary transcriptomics implicates HAND2 in the origins of implantation and regulation of gestation length. eLife 2021; 10:61257. [PMID: 33522483 PMCID: PMC7943190 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins and evolutionary histories of cell types, tissues, and organs contribute to the ways in which their dysfunction produces disease. In mammals, the nature, development and evolution of maternal-fetal interactions likely influence diseases of pregnancy. Here we show genes that evolved expression at the maternal-fetal interface in Eutherian mammals play essential roles in the evolution of pregnancy and are associated with immunological disorders and preterm birth. Among these genes is HAND2, a transcription factor that suppresses estrogen signaling, a Eutherian innovation allowing blastocyst implantation. We found dynamic HAND2 expression in the decidua throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, gradually decreasing to a low at term. HAND2 regulates a distinct set of genes in endometrial stromal fibroblasts including IL15, a cytokine also exhibiting dynamic expression throughout the menstrual cycle and gestation, promoting migration of natural killer cells and extravillous cytotrophoblasts. We demonstrate that HAND2 promoter loops to an enhancer containing SNPs implicated in birth weight and gestation length regulation. Collectively, these data connect HAND2 expression at the maternal-fetal interface with evolution of implantation and gestational regulation, and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Marinić
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Katelyn Mika
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
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8
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Kou Z, Dai W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Its roles in physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114428. [PMID: 33515530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was initially discovered as a cellular protein involved in mediating the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. Extensive research in the past two decades has identified several families of physiological ligands and uncovered important functions of AHR in normal development and homeostasis. Deficiency in AHR expression disrupts major signaling systems and transcriptional programs, which appear to be responsible for the development of numerous developmental abnormalities including cardiac hypertrophy and epidermal hyperplasia. This mini review primarily summarizes recent advances in our understanding of AHR functions in normal physiology with an emphasis on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, integumentary, nervous, and immunomodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Kou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, NY 10010, United States.
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9
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Hollingshead N, Wu X, Kenerson H, Chen A, Strickland I, Horton H, Yeung R, Crispe IN. Functional responses of resident human T cells in intact liver tissue. Cell Immunol 2020; 360:104275. [PMID: 33421676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver contains a rich mix of T cells, including activated T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. When antigens are presented in this milieu the default result is functional tolerance. T cell tolerance in the liver could be constitutive, or it could be adaptive, in which case liver cells would become unresponsive after encountering antigen in the liver context. To test this model, we evaluated the potential of human liver T cells to respond to T cell receptor ligation in liver tissue slice cultures. These T cells contained an actively motile subset of CD4+ T cells marked by CCR7 and CD62L, and fully functional subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that synthesized effector cytokines but subsequently assumed an exhausted phenotype. These data favor the model that human liver T cells are not constitutively tolerant but undergo adaptive tolerance after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hollingshead
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Heidi Kenerson
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antony Chen
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Helen Horton
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Raymond Yeung
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ian N Crispe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Sun M, Ma N, He T, Johnston LJ, Ma X. Tryptophan (Trp) modulates gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1760-1768. [PMID: 30924357 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1598334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis is an orchestrated dynamic equilibrium state composed of the coexistence and interactions among the nutrients, microbial flora, and immune system. The intestinal balance disorder can trigger a series of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, such as kynurenine and indole, generated under a series of endogenous enzymes or microbial metabolism, have been reported enable to bind and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), this series of process is termed the Trp-AhR pathway. The activated Trp-AhR pathway can induce the expression of downstream cytokines such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), thereby regulating the intestinal homeostasis. This review highlights the advance of Trp-AhR pathway in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and provides some insights for the clinical strategies that expect to effectively prevent and treat gut diseases via intervening the Trp-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meige Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- Swine Nutrition and Production, West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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A comprehensive characterisation of large-scale expanded human bone marrow and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30885254 PMCID: PMC6421680 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manufacture of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for clinical use needs to be cost effective, safe and scaled up. Current methods of expansion on tissue culture plastic are labour-intensive and involve several 'open' procedures. We have used the closed Quantum® hollow fibre bioreactor to expand four cultures each of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and, for the first time, umbilical cords (UCs) and assessed extensive characterisation profiles for each, compared to parallel cultures grown on tissue culture plastic. METHODS Bone marrow aspirate was directly loaded into the Quantum®, and cells were harvested and characterised at passage (P) 0. Bone marrow cells were re-seeded into the Quantum®, harvested and further characterised at P1. UC-MSCs were isolated enzymatically and cultured once on tissue culture plastic, before loading cells into the Quantum®, harvesting and characterising at P1. Quantum®-derived cultures were phenotyped in terms of immunoprofile, tri-lineage differentiation, response to inflammatory stimulus and telomere length, as were parallel cultures expanded on tissue culture plastic. RESULTS Bone marrow cell harvests from the Quantum® were 23.1 ± 16.2 × 106 in 14 ± 2 days (P0) and 131 ± 84 × 106 BM-MSCs in 13 ± 1 days (P1), whereas UC-MSC harvests from the Quantum® were 168 ± 52 × 106 UC-MSCs after 7 ± 2 days (P1). Quantum®- and tissue culture plastic-expanded cultures at P1 adhered to criteria for MSCs in terms of cell surface markers, multipotency and plastic adherence, whereas the integrins, CD29, CD49c and CD51/61, were found to be elevated on Quantum®-expanded BM-MSCs. Rapid culture expansion in the Quantum® did not cause shortened telomeres when compared to cultures on tissue culture plastic. Immunomodulatory gene expression was variable between donors but showed that all MSCs upregulated indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate that the Quantum® can be used to expand large numbers of MSCs from bone marrow and umbilical cord tissues for next-generation large-scale manufacturing, without impacting on many of the properties that are characteristic of MSCs or potentially therapeutic. Using the Quantum®, we can obtain multiple MSC doses from a single manufacturing run to treat many patients. Together, our findings support the development of cheaper cell-based treatments.
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12
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Expression, Localization, and Activity of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Human Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123762. [PMID: 30486367 PMCID: PMC6321474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is an organ between the blood of the mother and the fetus, which is essential for fetal development. It also plays a role as a selective barrier against environmental pollutants that may bypass epithelial barriers and reach the placenta, with implications for the outcome of pregnancy. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the most important environmental-sensor transcription factors and mediates the metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotics. Nevertheless, the identification of dietary and endogenous ligands of AhR suggest that it may also fulfil physiological functions with which pollutants may interfere. Placental AhR expression and activity is largely unknown. We established the cartography of AhR expression at transcript and protein levels, its cellular distribution, and its transcriptional activity toward the expression of its main target genes. We studied the profile of AhR expression and activity during different pregnancy periods, during trophoblasts differentiation in vitro, and in a trophoblast cell line. Using diverse methods, such as cell fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy, we found a constitutive nuclear localization of AhR in every placental model, in the absence of any voluntarily-added exogenous activator. Our data suggest an intrinsic activation of AhR due to the presence of endogenous placental ligands.
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13
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Mergola L, Orabona C, Albini E, Vasapollo G, Scorrano S, Del Sole R. Urinary l
-kynurenine quantification and selective extraction through a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction device. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3204-3212. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mergola
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; Lecce Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vasapollo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; Lecce Italy
| | - Sonia Scorrano
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; Lecce Italy
| | - Roberta Del Sole
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; Lecce Italy
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14
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Roomruangwong C, Kanchanatawan B, Carvalho AF, Sirivichayakul S, Duleu S, Geffard M, Maes M. Body image dissatisfaction in pregnant and non-pregnant females is strongly predicted by immune activation and mucosa-derived activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:200-209. [PMID: 27427239 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1213881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to delineate the associations between body image dissatisfaction in pregnant women and immune-inflammatory biomarkers, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), zinc and IgA/IgM responses to tryptophan and tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). METHODS We assessed 49 pregnant and 24 non-pregnant females and assessed Body Image Satisfaction (BIS) scores at the end of term (T1), and 2-4 days (T2) and 4-6 weeks (T3) after delivery. Subjects were divided in those with a lowered BIS score (≤ 3) versus those with a higher score. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that a lowered T1 BIS score was predicted by CRP levels and IgA responses to tryptophan (negative) and TRYCATs (positive), perinatal depression, body mass index (BMI) and age. The sum of quinolinic acid, kynurenine, 3-OH-kynurenine and 3-OH-anthranilic acid (reflecting brain quinolinic acid contents) was the single best predictor. In addition, a large part of the variance in the T1, T2 and T3 BIS scores was explained by IgA responses to tryptophan and TRYCATs, especially quinolinic acid. CONCLUSIONS Body image dissatisfaction is strongly associated with inflammation and mucosa-derived IDO activation independently from depression, pregnancy, BMI and age. IgA responses to peripheral TRYCATs, which determine brain quinolinic acid concentrations, also predict body image dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Michel Geffard
- e GEMAC , Saint Jean d'Illac , France.,f IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , CE , Brazil.,g Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , State University of Londrina , Londrina , Brazil.,h Revitalis , Waalre , The Netherlands.,i Department of Psychiatry , Medical University of Plovdiv , Plovdiv , Bulgaria
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15
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Ozen M, Novak C, Burd I. Placenta immune infiltrates and perinatal outcomes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12850. [PMID: 29577494 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state of immunotolerance and loss of this immunotolerance may lead to fetal rejection, pregnancy complications, and neonatal complications. Immunobiology of pregnancy is complex and involves unique immune cell populations specific to pregnancy, changes in mucosal immune cells and peripheral immune system, and reciprocal adaptations between the mother and the fetus. The mechanisms required for sustaining a healthy feto-placental barrier and a healthy pregnancy such as activation of regulatory immune responses with a predominance of regulatory T cells lead to immune evasion and propagation of cancer. It is intriguing to note that the immune pathways which are effective in limiting or eliminating cancer form the very basis for loss of feto-maternal tolerance. In this article, we aim to compare and contrast immunobiology of healthy and pathological pregnancies mirroring with cancer immunobiology with a focus on immune checkpoint receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Novak
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Wu H, Gong J, Liu Y. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase regulation of immune response (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4867-4873. [PMID: 29393500 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Hechuan, Chongqing 401520, P.R. China
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17
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Bai M, Liu H, Xu K, Oso AO, Wu X, Liu G, Tossou MCB, Al-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Xi Q, Yin Y. A review of the immunomodulatory role of dietary tryptophan in livestock and poultry. Amino Acids 2016; 49:67-74. [PMID: 27778165 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses in animals. The products of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and melatonin, may improve immunity in an organism and induce anti-inflammatory responses. The immune tolerance processes mediated by tryptophan metabolites are not well understood. Recent studies have reported that the enzymes that break down tryptophan through the kynurenine metabolic pathway are found in numerous cell types, including immunocytes. Moreover, some tryptophan metabolites have been shown to play a role in the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, elevation of immunoglobulin levels in the blood, and promotion of antigen-presenting organization in tissues. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of tryptophan and metabolites in immune functions in livestock and poultry. It also highlights the areas in which our understanding of the role(s) of tryptophan is incomplete and suggests possible future research that might prove of benefit to livestock and poultry producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Abimbola Oladele Oso
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Myrlene Carine B Tossou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qianyun Xi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinlong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China. .,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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18
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Gargaro M, Pirro M, Romani R, Zelante T, Fallarino F. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Pathways in Immune Regulation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2270-6. [PMID: 26751261 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The idea of possible involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in transplant tolerance can be traced back >30 years, when very low doses of dioxin-the most potent AhR ligand-were found to markedly reduce the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in response to alloantigen challenge in vivo. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by dioxins and other environmental pollutants. We now know that AhR can bind a broad variety of activating ligands that are disparate in nature, including endogenous molecules and those formed in the gut from food and bacterial products. Consequently, in addition to its classical role as a toxicological signal mediator, AhR is emerging as a transcription factor involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in various immune cell types, including lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Allograft rejection is mostly a T cell-mediated alloimmune response initiated by the recognition of alloantigens presented by donor and recipient APCs to recipient CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Based on those findings, AhR may function as a critical sensor of outside and inside environments, leading to changes in the immune system that may have relevance in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Pirro
- Department of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - T Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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19
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Palatnik A, Xin H, Su EJ. Dichotomous effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation on human fetoplacental endothelial cell function. Placenta 2016; 44:61-8. [PMID: 27452439 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance and fetal growth restriction (FGR). While studies have demonstrated varying effects of nicotine on blood flow, the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), abundant toxins in cigarette smoke that cross the placenta, has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that exposure of human fetoplacental endothelial cells (ECs) to the PAH benzo[a]yrene (BaP) would result in up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) and preferential production of vasoconstrictive prostanoids via activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway. METHODS ECs were isolated, cultured, and treated with vehicle or BaP. ECs were subjected to real-time PCR, western blotting, enzyme immunoassays, wound scratch assays, tube formation assays, and RNA interference against AHR. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons testing when appropriate, or the Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS BaP induced PTGS2 expression (p < 0.05) and production of the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (p = 0.001) in fetoplacental ECs without affecting thromboxane. These effects were ablated by PTGS2 inhibition (p < 0.01) and RNA interference of AHR (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, despite the induction of prostacyclin, EC migration (p = 0.007) and tube formation (p = 0.003) were inhibited by BaP. AHR inhibition, however, rescued tube formation (p = 0.008). DISCUSSION BaP-mediated AHR activation results in induction of PTGS2 expression and enhanced production of prostacyclin metabolite. Despite an increase in this vasodilatory and pro-angiogenic prostanoid, BaP exposure also impairs EC migration and angiogenesis through AHR. This suggests that PAH may adversely affect the fetoplacental vasculature through its regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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20
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Obayashi Y, Ozaki Y, Goto S, Obayashi S, Suzumori N, Ohyama F, Tone S, Sugiura-Ogasawara M. Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase in Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:69-77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Obayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ozaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Shinobu Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiro Suzumori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Fumio Ohyama
- Department of Biochemistry; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Okayama Japan
| | - Shigenobu Tone
- Department of Biochemistry; Kawasaki Medical School; Kurashiki Okayama Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugiura-Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Nagoya City University; Nagoya Aichi Japan
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21
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Hoeppli RE, Wu D, Cook L, Levings MK. The environment of regulatory T cell biology: cytokines, metabolites, and the microbiome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:61. [PMID: 25741338 PMCID: PMC4332351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are suppressive T cells that have an essential role in maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance. Their development, either in the thymus, periphery, or experimentally in vitro, and stability and function all depend on the right mix of environmental stimuli. This review focuses on the effects of cytokines, metabolites, and the microbiome on both human and mouse Treg biology. The role of cytokines secreted by innate and adaptive immune cells in directing Treg development and shaping their function is well established. New and emerging data suggest that metabolites, such as retinoic acid, and microbial products, such as short-chain fatty acids, also have a critical role in guiding the functional specialization of Tregs. Overall, the complex interaction between distinct environmental stimuli results in unique, and in some cases tissue-specific, tolerogenic environments. Understanding the conditions that favor Treg induction, accumulation, and function is critical to defining the pathophysiology of many immune-mediated diseases and to developing new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy E Hoeppli
- Department of Surgery, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Surgery, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Surgery, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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22
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Li Y, Wang K, Zou QY, Zhou C, Magness RR, Zheng J. A possible role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in spontaneous preterm birth. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:494-7. [PMID: 25697115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. To date, the etiology of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) remains unclear; however, intrauterine bacterial infection-induced inflammation is considered to be one of the major triggers. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Upon activation, AhR signaling mediates many biological processes. AhR is abundantly expressed in human placentas, primarily in trophoblasts, and several fetal organs and tissues. The activation of AhR signaling can modulate inflammatory responses via promoting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the placenta and fetal membranes. These cytokines could enhance expression and/or activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in human trophoblasts and amniotic epithelia, which in turn stimulate synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PGs; e.g., PGE2 and PGF2α). Given the discovery of a number of natural and endogenous AhR ligands in human, we hypothesize that in a subset of patients with high AhR expression in placentas and fetal membranes, repeated exposure to these AhR ligands hyperactivates AhR, inducing hyperactivation of the cytokines/COX2/PGs pathway, resulting in myometrial contractions, ultimately leading to sPTB. We further hypothesize that hyperactivation of this AhR pathway can induce sPTB either directly or in synergy with the bacterial infection. Proof of this hypothesis may provide a novel mechanism underlying sPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Ronald R Magness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China.
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23
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Pallotta MT, Fallarino F, Matino D, Macchiarulo A, Orabona C. AhR-Mediated, Non-Genomic Modulation of IDO1 Function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:497. [PMID: 25360135 PMCID: PMC4197771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary process has conferred a dual – enzymatic and signaling – function on the ancestral metabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which has long been known for converting the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) into neuroactive and immunoactive catabolites (kynurenines). In addition to TRP catabolic activity, phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, present in the IDO1 protein, act as docking sites for different molecular partners, which activate positive (transcriptional) or negative (post-translational) modulation of IDO1 protein. The ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) contributes to Ido1 transcription, and it can be operated by both exogenous and endogenous ligands, including l-kynurenine itself, the first byproduct of TRP catabolism. Ligand-bound AhR is also a component of a ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for regulatory proteolysis of different target proteins. Because IDO1 half-life is controlled by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, we here discuss the possibility that AhR, in addition to enhancing Ido1 transcription, contributes to IDO1 regulation by a non-genomic mechanism affecting the protein’s half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
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24
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Koldehoff M, Elmaagacli AH. Thoughts on feto-maternal tolerance: is there a lesson to be learned from allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation? Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:766-7. [PMID: 23554022 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koldehoff
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation; West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen; Germany
| | - Ahmet H. Elmaagacli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation; West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen; Germany
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