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Mayer SA, Thomas B, Heuer M, Brune JC, Eras V, Schuster K, Knoedler L, Schaefer RL, Thiele W, Sleeman JP, Dimmler A, Heimel P, Kneser U, Bigdeli AK, Falkner F. In Vivo Engineering and Transplantation of Axially Vascularized and Epithelialized Flaps in Rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38623816 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The arteriovenous loop (AVL) model allows the in vivo engineering of axially vascularized flaps, the so-called AVL flaps. Although AVL flaps can be transplanted microsurgically to cover tissue defects, they lack an epithelial layer on the surface. Therefore, the objective of this study was to engineer axially vascularized AVL flaps with an accompanying epithelial layer for local defect reconstruction. In this study, AVLs were established in 20 male Lewis rats. Minimally invasive injection of keratinocytes onto the surface of the AVL flaps was performed on postoperative day (POD) 21. AVL flaps were explanted from 12 rats on POD 24 or POD 30, then the epithelium formed by the keratinocytes on the surface of the flaps was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. In six other rats, the AVL flap was locally transposed to cover a critical defect in the rats' leg on POD 30 and explanted for analysis on POD 40. In two control rats, sodium chloride was applied instead of keratinocytes. These control flaps were also transplanted on POD 30 and explanted on POD 40. Our results revealed that 3 days after keratinocyte application, a loose single-layered epithelium was observed histologically on the AVL flaps surface, whereas after 9 days, a multilayered and structured epithelium had grown. The epithelium on the transplanted AVL flaps showed its physiological differentiation when being exposed to an air-liquid interface. Histologically, a layered epithelium identical to the rats' regular skin was formed. In the sodium chloride control group, no epithelium had been grown. This study clearly demonstrates that axially vascularized AVL flaps can be processed in the subcutaneous chamber by minimally invasive injection of keratinocytes. Thus, AVL flaps with an intact epithelial layer were engineered and could be successfully transplanted for local defect coverage in a small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Andreas Mayer
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Heuer
- German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan C Brune
- German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Eras
- German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kilian Schuster
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Luisa Schaefer
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Department of Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Institute of Pathology, Vincentius Kliniken Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology the Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir K Bigdeli
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Falkner
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Sarkar MK, Uppala R, Zeng C, Billi AC, Tsoi LC, Kidder A, Xing X, Perez White BE, Shao S, Plazyo O, Sirobhushanam S, Xing E, Jiang Y, Gallagher KA, Voorhees JJ, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. Keratinocytes sense and eliminate CRISPR DNA through STING/IFN-κ activation and APOBEC3G induction. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e159393. [PMID: 36928117 PMCID: PMC10145927 DOI: 10.1172/jci159393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has been proposed as a treatment for genetically inherited skin disorders. Here we report that CRISPR transfection activates STING-dependent antiviral responses in keratinocytes, resulting in heightened endogenous interferon (IFN) responses through induction of IFN-κ, leading to decreased plasmid stability secondary to induction of the cytidine deaminase gene APOBEC3G. Notably, CRISPR-generated KO keratinocytes had permanent suppression of IFN-κ and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, secondary to hypermethylation of the IFNK promoter region by the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B. JAK inhibition via baricitinib prior to CRISPR transfection increased transfection efficiency, prevented IFNK promoter hypermethylation, and restored normal IFN-κ activity and ISG responses. This work shows that CRISPR-mediated gene correction alters antiviral responses in keratinocytes, has implications for future gene therapies for inherited skin diseases using CRISPR technology, and suggests pharmacologic JAK inhibition as a tool for facilitating and attenuating inadvertent selection effects in CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, and
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shannxi, China
| | | | - Sirisha Sirobhushanam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Yanyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, and
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine A. Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | | | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, and
- Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Salik D, El Kaderi Y, Hans C, Lefort A, Libert F, Smits G. Comparative study of keratinocyte primary culture methods from pediatric skin biopsies for
RNA
‐sequencing. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1741-1747. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Salik
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint‐Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Y. El Kaderi
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint‐Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - C. Hans
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
| | - A. Lefort
- I.R.I.B.H.M, Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - F. Libert
- I.R.I.B.H.M, Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), Campus Erasme Université Libre de Bruxelles 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
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4
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Puranik N, Yadav D, Chauhan PS, Kwak M, Jin JO. Exploring the Role of Gene Therapy for Neurological Disorders. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:11-22. [PMID: 32940177 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220999200917114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the frontier fields of medical breakthroughs that poses as an effective solution to previously incurable diseases. The delivery of the corrective genetic material or a therapeutic gene into the cell restores the missing gene function and cures a plethora of diseases, incurable by the conventional medical approaches. This discovery holds the potential to treat many neurodegenerative disorders such as muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), among others. Gene therapy proves as a humane, cost-effective alternative to the exhaustive often arduous and timely impossible process of finding matched donors and extensive surgery. It also overcomes the shortcoming of conventional methods to cross the blood-brain barrier. However, the use of gene therapy is only possible after procuring the in-depth knowledge of the immuno-pathogenesis and molecular mechanism of the disease. The process of gene therapy can be broadly categorized into three main steps: elucidating the target gene, culling the appropriate vector, and determining the best mode of transfer; each step mandating pervasive research. This review aims to dissertate and summarize the role, various vectors and methods of delivery employed in gene therapy with special emphasis on therapy directed at the central nervous system (CNS) associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Science Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641046, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Pallavi Singh Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474005, India
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
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5
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Hu Y, Guo J, Yin L, Tu J, Yin Z. Tacrolimus Inhibits TNF-α/IL-17A-Produced pro-Inflammatory Effect on Human Keratinocytes by Regulating IκBζ. Inflammation 2019; 43:692-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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miR-200c Modulates the Pathogenesis of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2352079. [PMID: 31346357 PMCID: PMC6620860 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2352079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients, especially in almost all head and neck cancer patients. It presents as severe pain and ulceration. The development of RIOM is composed of five stages: initiation, primary damage response, signal amplification, ulceration, and healing. However, the key regulators involved in the RIOM pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we reveal a novel role of miR-200c, a member of the miR-200 family, in modulating RIOM pathogenesis. Using a mouse model mimicking RIOM, we found that the miR-200 family numbers (miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, and miR-200c) except miR-429 were significantly induced during the RIOM formation. Besides, in RIOM mice, miR-200c expression level was also increased dramatically in the normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) after irradiation. Knockdown of miR-200c expression with miR-200c-3p-shRNA significantly reduced senescence phenotype and enhanced cell proliferation in NHKs after irradiation. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and p47 enzyme involved in ROS production was increased after irradiation but both were markedly reduced in NHKs by miR-200c inhibition. Knockdown of miR-200c expression in NHKs increased DNA double-strand break repair after irradiation compared with control NHKs. Furthermore, miR-200c inhibition repressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1α) via inhibiting NF-κB and Smad2 activation in NHKs exposed to IR. Additionally, miR-200c inhibition promoted NHK migration and increased the expression of molecules that regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition, including Snail, Vimentin, Zeb1, and Bmi-1. These results not only identify the key role of miR-200c in the pathogenesis of RIOM but also provide a novel therapeutic target to treat RIOM.
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7
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Shirkavand A, Farivar S, Mohajerani E, Ataie-Fashtami L, Ghazimoradi MH. Non-invasive Reflectance Spectroscopy for Normal and Cancerous Skin Cells Refractive Index Determination: An In Vitro Study. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:742-750. [PMID: 31094015 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Optical reflectance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique for optical characterization of biological samples. Any alteration in a cell from normal or carcinogenic causes will change its refractive index. The aim of this study is to develop a computerized program for extraction of a refractive index of normal and cancerous skin cell lines, including melanoma, fibroblast, and adipose cells, using visible near-infrared reflectance spectra and the Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations. MATERIALS AND METHOD A fiber optic reflectance spectrometer in visible near-infrared wavelength was used for spectrum acquisition in an in vitro study. Human skin cell lines for melanoma (A375), fibroblast, and adipose sample were cultured for optical spectroscopy. Following data acquisition, an analytical MATLAB code was developed to run the K-K relations. The program was validated for three biological samples using an Abbe refractometer. RESULTS The validation error (below 5%) and determination of changes in the refractive index of melanoma, normal fibroblasts, and adipose skin cells was carried out at wavelengths of 450-950 nm. The refractive index of melanoma was 1.59270 ± 0.0550 at 450 nm, the minimum amount of 1.27790 ± 0.0550 to 1.321 ± 0.0550 at 620 nm, and rose sharply to 1.44321 ± 0.0550 at 935 nm. The respective results for fibroblast and adipose tissue cells were 1.33282 ± 0.0134 and 1.28345 ± 0.0163 at 450 nm with an increasing trend to 1.30494 ± 0.0135 and 1.26716 ± 0.0163 at 935 nm. CONCLUSION Refractive index characteristics show potential for cancer screening and diagnosis. The results show that optical spectroscopy is a promising, non-invasive tool for assessment of the refractive index of living biological cells in in vitro settings. Tracking changes in the refractive index allows screening of normal and abnormal cells for probable alterations in a non-invasive label-free method. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Shirkavand
- POMP Lab, Photonics Department, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Genetics, Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Ezeddin Mohajerani
- POMP Lab, Photonics Department, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Leila Ataie-Fashtami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ghazimoradi
- Genetics, Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
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8
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Savoia P, Raina G, Camillo L, Farruggio S, Mary D, Veronese F, Graziola F, Zavattaro E, Tiberio R, Grossini E. Anti-oxidative effects of 17 β-estradiol and genistein in human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:62-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Fard M, Akhavan-Tavakoli M, Khanjani S, Zare S, Edalatkhah H, Arasteh S, Mehrabani D, Zarnani AH, Kazemnejad S, Shirazi R. Bilayer Amniotic Membrane/Nano-fibrous Fibroin Scaffold Promotes Differentiation Capability of Menstrual Blood Stem Cells into Keratinocyte-Like Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:100-110. [PMID: 29247317 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin provides a dynamic barrier separating and protecting human body from the exterior world, and then immediate repair and rebuilding of the epidermal barrier is crucial after wound and injury. Wound healing without scars and complete regeneration of skin tissue still remain as a clinical challenge. The demand to engineer scaffolds that actively promote regeneration of damaged areas of the skin has been increased. In this study, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been induced to differentiate into keratinocytes-like cells in the presence of human foreskin-derived keratinocytes on a bilayer scaffold based on amniotic membrane and silk fibroin. Based on the findings, newly differentiated keratinocytes from MenSCs successfully expressed the keratinocytes specific markers at both mRNA and protein levels judged by real-time PCR and immunostaining techniques, respectively. We could show that the differentiated cells over bilayer composite scaffolds express the keratinocytes specific markers at higher levels when compared with those cultured in conventional 2D culture system. Based on these findings, bilayer amniotic membrane/nano-fibrous fibroin scaffold represents an efficient natural construct with broad applicability to generate keratinocytes from MenSCs for stem cell-based skin wounds healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Akhavan-Tavakoli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Edalatkhah
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Arasteh
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, P.O. Box: 1177-19615, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Fenini G, Grossi S, Contassot E, Biedermann T, Reichmann E, French LE, Beer HD. Genome Editing of Human Primary Keratinocytes by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals an Essential Role of the NLRP1 Inflammasome in UVB Sensing. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2644-2652. [PMID: 30096351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
By forming a protective barrier, epidermal keratinocytes represent the first line of defense against environmental insults. UVB radiation of the sun is a major challenge for the skin and can induce inflammation, aging, and eventually skin cancer. UVB induces an immune response in human keratinocytes resulting in activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines proIL-1β and -18. This is mediated by an assembly of protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the mechanisms underlying sensing of UVB by keratinocytes, and particularly the types of inflammasomes required for cytokine secretion, are a matter of debate. To address these questions, we established a protocol that allows the generation of CRISPR/Cas9-targeted human primary keratinocytes. Our experiments showed an essential role of the NLRP1 rather than the NLRP3 inflammasome in UVB sensing and subsequent IL-1β and -18 secretion by keratinocytes. Moreover, NLRP1 but not NLRP3 was required for inflammasome activation in response to nigericin, a potassium ionophore and well-established NLRP3 activator in immune cells. Because the CRISPR/Cas9-targeted cells retained their full differentiation capacity, genome editing of human primary keratinocytes might be useful for numerous research and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Grossi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Contassot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Biedermann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Reichmann
- Tissue Biology Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Krishnamoorthy M, Li D, Sharili AS, Gulin-Sarfraz T, Rosenholm JM, Gautrot JE. Solution Conformation of Polymer Brushes Determines Their Interactions with DNA and Transfection Efficiency. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4121-4132. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amir S. Sharili
- Barts
and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Gulin-Sarfraz
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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12
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Akhavan-Tavakoli M, Fard M, Khanjani S, Zare S, Edalatkhah H, Mehrabani D, Zarnani AH, Shirazi R, Kazemnejad S. In vitro differentiation of menstrual blood stem cells into keratinocytes: A potential approach for management of wound healing. Biologicals 2017; 48:66-73. [PMID: 28579353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin wounds caused by insults should be treated immediately to restore the functions and integrity. Recent studies suggest that stem cells-based therapies may be applicable in wound healing. Newly defined menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) show high rate of cell proliferation and trans-differentiation potency to various cell types. However, MenSCs potential to generate keratinocyte for future therapeutic use of skin lesions has been remained to investigate. We cultivated MenSCs in the presence of isolated foreskin derived-keratinocytes using an indirect co-culture system and evaluated efficiency of this protocol to generate keratinocytes using immunofluorescent staining and Real Time PCR technique. Our results showed that differentiated keratinocytes express epidermal/keratinocytes lineage specific markers such as K14, p63, and involucrin at both mRNA and protein levels. Immunofluorescent staining showed the expression of involucrin and K14 in differentiated cells in contrast to undifferentiated cells. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of K14 (11.1 folds, p = 0.001), p63 (10.23 folds, p = 0.001), and involucrin (2.94 folds, p = 0.001) were higher in differentiated MenSCs compared to non-cocultured cells. Therefore, we firstly presented evidence about differentiation capability of MenSCs into epidermal/keratinocytes lineage. Considering the advantages of MenSCs such as great accessibility, these stem cells are promising for stem cells-based therapies of skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akhavan-Tavakoli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Maryam Fard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Sayeh Khanjani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sona Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Haleh Edalatkhah
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Gottipamula S, Saraswat SK, Sridhar KN. Comparative study of isolation, expansion and characterization of epithelial cells. Cytotherapy 2016; 19:263-271. [PMID: 27894881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The human epithelial cells (EPCs) have been identified as the essential element for the regeneration of skin construct for burns, wounds and various tissue engineer-based products. METHODS In this study, the isolation, expansion and characterization of EPCs from various sources such as juvenile foreskin (JSK), buccal mucosa (BM), penile skin (PS) and urothelium (UR) in serum-free and xeno-free EpiLife media were evaluated. RESULTS The growth kinetics study revealed that EPCs from JSK and BM had notably higher growth rates compared with the others. Overall, the EPCs from all sources retained basic morphological characteristics and the functional characteristics such as Pan Cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). In addition, the cryopreservation stability of EPCs was accessed for post-thaw viability and found to be greater than 80% at 1 year of storage, but demonstrated reduced cell recovery (51%) at the second year in fetal bovine serum-free cryopreservation media. CONCLUSIONS Our result suggests that the EPCs from four cell sources can be grown in feeder-free, serum-free and xeno-free systems using commercially available EpiLife medium without losing epithelial cell characteristics even after passage 4. However, its suitability for clinical application must be accessed by preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Gottipamula
- Shankara Research Centre, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Research for Tissue Engineering Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumit K Saraswat
- Shankara Research Centre, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Research for Tissue Engineering Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - K N Sridhar
- Shankara Research Centre, Rangadore Memorial Hospital, Sri Research for Tissue Engineering Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India.
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