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Sadhu C, Mitra AK. Synthetic, biological and optoelectronic properties of phenoxazine and its derivatives: a state of the art review. Mol Divers 2024; 28:965-1007. [PMID: 36757655 PMCID: PMC9909160 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenoxazines have sparked a lot of interest owing to their numerous applications in material science, organic light-emitting diodes, photoredox catalyst, dye-sensitized solar cells and chemotherapy. Among other things, they have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, anti-alzheimer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties. Actinomycin D, which contains a phenoxazine moiety, functions both as an antibiotic and anticancer agent. Several research groups have worked on various structural modifications over the years in order to develop new phenoxazines with improved properties. Both phenothiazines and phenoxazines have gained prominence in medicine as pharmacological lead structures from their traditional uses as dyes and pigments. Organoelectronics and material sciences have recently found these compounds and their derivatives to be quite useful. Due to this, organic synthesis has been used in an unprecedented amount of exploratory alteration of the parent structures in an effort to create novel derivatives with enhanced biological and material capabilities. As a result, it is critical to conduct more frequent reviews of the work done in this area. Various stages of the synthetic transformation of phenoxazine scaffolds have been depicted in this article. This article aims to provide a state of the art review for the better understanding of the phenoxazine derivatives highlighting the progress and prospects of the same in medicinal and material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrita Sadhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rani Rashmoni Green University, Tarakeswar, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Amrit Krishna Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Singur, Singur, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712409, India.
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2
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Elgemeie GH, Jones PG. An unexpected tautomer: synthesis and crystal structure of N-[6-amino-4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)-1,2-di-hydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl-idene]benzenesulfonamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:120-124. [PMID: 38333139 PMCID: PMC10848973 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023011076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The title compound, C10H11N5O2S2, consists of an unexpected tautomer with a protonated nitro-gen atom in the triazine ring and a formal exocyclic double bond C=N to the sulfonamide moiety. The ring angles at the unsubstituted nitro-gen atoms are narrow, at 115.57 (12) and 115.19 (12)°, respectively, whereas the angle at the carbon atom between these N atoms is very wide, 127.97 (13)°. The inter-planar angle between the two rings is 79.56 (5)°. The mol-ecules are linked by three classical hydrogen bonds, forming a ribbon structure. There are also unusual linkages involving three short contacts (< 3 Å) from a sulfonamide oxygen atom to the C-NH-C part of a triazine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A. Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Hahn V. Potential of the enzyme laccase for the synthesis and derivatization of antimicrobial compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:107. [PMID: 36854853 PMCID: PMC9974771 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Laccases [E.C. 1.10.3.2, benzenediol:dioxygen oxidoreductase] can oxidize phenolic substances, e.g. di- and polyphenols, hydroxylated biaryls, aminophenols or aryldiamines. This large substrate spectrum is the basis for various reaction possibilities, which include depolymerization and polymerization reactions, but also the coupling of different substance classes. To catalyze these reactions, laccases demand only atmospheric oxygen and no depletive cofactors. The utilization of mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions such as room temperature, atmospheric pressure, and the avoidance of organic solvents makes the laccase-mediated reaction a valuable tool in green chemistry for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as antimicrobial substances. In particular, the production of novel antibiotics becomes vital due to the evolution of antibiotic resistances amongst bacteria and fungi. Therefore, laccase-mediated homo- and heteromolecular coupling reactions result in derivatized or newly synthesized antibiotics. The coupling or derivatization of biologically active compounds or its basic structures may allow the development of novel pharmaceuticals, as well as the improvement of efficacy or tolerability of an already applied drug. Furthermore, by the laccase-mediated coupling of two different active substances a synergistic effect may be possible. However, the coupling of compounds that have no described efficacy can lead to biologically active substances by means of laccase. The review summarizes laccase-mediated reactions for the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds valuable for medical purposes. In particular, reactions with two different reaction partners were shown in detail. In addition, studies with in vitro and in vivo experimental data for the confirmation of the antibacterial and/or antifungal efficacy of the products, synthesized with laccase, were of special interest. Analyses of the structure-activity relationship confirm the great potential of the novel compounds. These substances may represent not only a value for pharmaceutical and chemical industry, but also for other industries due to a possible functionalization of surfaces such as wood or textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hahn
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany. .,Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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4
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Sun LJ, Yuan H, Xu JK, Luo J, Lang JJ, Wen GB, Tan X, Lin YW. Phenoxazinone Synthase-like Activity of Rationally Designed Heme Enzymes Based on Myoglobin. Biochemistry 2023; 62:369-377. [PMID: 34665595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of functional metalloenzymes is attractive for the biosynthesis of biologically important compounds, such as phenoxazinones and phenazines catalyzed by native phenoxazinone synthase (PHS). To design functional heme enzymes, we used myoglobin (Mb) as a model protein and introduced an artificial CXXC motif into the heme distal pocket by F46C and L49C mutations, which forms a de novo disulfide bond, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure. We further introduced a catalytic Tyr43 into the heme distal pocket and found that the F43Y/F46C/L49C Mb triple mutant and the previously designed F43Y/F46S Mb exhibit PHS-like activity (80-98% yields in 5-15 min), with the catalytic efficiency exceeding those of natural metalloenzymes, including o-aminophenol oxidase, laccase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase. Moreover, we showed that the oxidative coupling product of 1,6-disulfonic-2,7-diaminophenazine is a potential pH indicator, with the orange-magenta color change at pH 4-5 (pKa = 4.40). Therefore, this study indicates that functional heme enzymes can be rationally designed by structural modifications of Mb, exhibiting the functionality of the native PHS for green biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Sun
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia-Kun Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangshi Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,Lab of Protein Structure and Function, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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5
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Collaboration between 3d-4f metal centers of heterodimetallic Ni(II)-Gd(III) complex in catecholase activity and interaction with FS-DNA & BSA. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Dong Y, Fu R, Chen J, Zhang K, Ji M, Wang M, Jiang H, Ye W, Hu J, Li Y, Jin J, Chen X, Xu H. Discovery of Benzocyclic Sulfone Derivatives as Potent CXCR2 Antagonists for Cancer Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16626-16640. [PMID: 34676759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) signaling pathway is essentially implicated in the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the tumor microenvironment and leads to MDSC-mediated immune suppression. Therefore, CXCR2 has recently emerged as a promising drug target for cancer immunotherapy. In this paper, benzocyclic sulfone derivatives were designed as potent CXCR2 antagonists. Structure-activity relationship studies resulted in two lead compounds 9b and 11h, which demonstrated double-digit nanomolar potencies against CXCR2 and significantly inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch in an in vivo setting. More importantly, 9b and 11h dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth through oral administration in the Pan02 mouse model. Further cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that 9b and 11h could reduce the infiltration of neutrophils and MDSCs and enhance the infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes into the Pan02 tumor tissues, shedding light on their mechanisms of action in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Sousa AC, Martins LO, Robalo MP. Laccases: Versatile Biocatalysts for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Cores. Molecules 2021; 26:3719. [PMID: 34207073 PMCID: PMC8234338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases that have shown a great potential in various biotechnological and green chemistry processes mainly due to their high relative non-specific oxidation of phenols, arylamines and some inorganic metals, and their high redox potentials that can span from 500 to 800 mV vs. SHE. Other advantages of laccases include the use of readily available oxygen as a second substrate, the formation of water as a side-product and no requirement for cofactors. Importantly, addition of low-molecular-weight redox mediators that act as electron shuttles, promoting the oxidation of complex bulky substrates and/or of higher redox potential than the enzymes themselves, can further expand their substrate scope, in the so-called laccase-mediated systems (LMS). Laccase bioprocesses can be designed for efficiency at both acidic and basic conditions since it is known that fungal and bacterial laccases exhibit distinct optimal pH values for the similar phenolic and aromatic amines. This review covers studies on the synthesis of five- and six-membered ring heterocyclic cores, such as benzimidazoles, benzofurans, benzothiazoles, quinazoline and quinazolinone, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenoxazinone and phenothiazine derivatives. The enzymes used and the reaction protocols are briefly outlined, and the mechanistic pathways described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Duan W, Li W, Tang Q, Zhao Y, Guo X, Yang G. Laccase‐Mimicking Syntheses of Phenoxazinones by Aerobic Oxidative Homo‐ and Hetero‐Dimerizations of Aminophenols. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Duan
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Qingxuan Tang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- Henan Experimental Middle School Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Shi 450001 China
| | - Xianji Guo
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry. Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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9
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Sousa AC, Santos I, Piedade MFMM, Martins LO, Robalo MP. Synthesis of Substituted 4‐Arylamino‐1,2‐naphthoquinones in One‐Pot Reactions Using CotA‐Laccase as Biocatalyst. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Sousa
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Iolanda Santos
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. F. M. M. Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa Campo Grande 1649-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lígia O. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa Av. da República 2780-150 Oeiras Portugal
| | - M. Paula Robalo
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de LisboaInstituto Politécnico de Lisboa Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1 1959-007 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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10
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Hahn V, Mikolasch A, Weitemeyer J, Petters S, Davids T, Lalk M, Lackmann JW, Schauer F. Ring-Closure Mechanisms Mediated by Laccase to Synthesize Phenothiazines, Phenoxazines, and Phenazines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14324-14339. [PMID: 32596570 PMCID: PMC7315418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The green and environmentally friendly synthesis of highly valuable organic substances is one possibility for the utilization of laccases (EC 1.10.3.2). As reactants for the herein described syntheses, different o-substituted arylamines or arylthiols and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives were used. In this way, the formation of phenothiazines, phenoxazines, and phenazines was achieved in aqueous solution mediated by the laccase of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus in the presence of oxygen. Two types of phenothiazines (3-hydroxy- and 3-oxo-phenothiazines) formed in one reaction assay were described for the first time. The cyclization reactions yielded C-N, C-S, or C-O bonds. The syntheses were investigated with regard to the substitution pattern of the reaction partners. Differences in C-S and C-N bond formations without cyclization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hahn
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annett Mikolasch
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josephine Weitemeyer
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Petters
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timo Davids
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institut
für Biochemie, Universität
Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frieder Schauer
- Institut
für Mikrobiologie, Universität
Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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11
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Zheng L, Lin Y, Wang D, Chen J, Yang K, Zheng B, Bai W, Jian R, Xu Y. Facile one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in natural polymeric urushiol for marine antifouling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13936-13943. [PMID: 35498472 PMCID: PMC9051603 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle-based coatings have been regarded as promising candidates for marine antifouling. However, current toxic fabrication methods also lead to environment risks. Nanoparticle agglomeration, poor compatibility with polymer, and rapid release of Ag+ result in short-term efficacy. In this study, a facile one-pot synthesis method of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) encapsulated in polymeric urushiol (PUL) was developed. AgNPs were synthesized in situ by natural urushiol, serving as a reductant, dispersant and surfactant. Simultaneously, silver nitrate catalyzed the polymerization of urushiol into PUL. This in situ reduction method made AgNPs uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The binding between the AgNPs and the PUL resulted in the stable release of Ag+. Results showed the antibacterial rate of a 0.1% AgNPs coating is 100% in laboratory experiments. This environment-friendly coating showed good microbial inhibition performance with long-term (120 days) marine antifouling efficacy. This study shows the potential of preparing an eco-friendly coating with long-term marine antifouling ability. PUL/AgNPs was developed by a one-step reaction, PUL/AgNPs coatings showed excellent antifouling performance in antimicrobial experiments and marine field tests.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Yucai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Rongkun Jian
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
| | - Yanlian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
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12
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Mogharabi-Manzari M, Ghahremani MH, Sedaghat T, Shayan F, Faramarzi MA. A Laccase Heterogeneous Magnetic Fibrous Silica-Based Biocatalyst for Green and One-Pot Cascade Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mogharabi-Manzari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy, and Biotechnology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 14155-6451 1417614411 Tehran Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 1417614411 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 1417614411 Tehran Iran
| | - Tabassom Sedaghat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy, and Biotechnology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 14155-6451 1417614411 Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy, and Biotechnology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 14155-6451 1417614411 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Faculty of Pharmacy, and Biotechnology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 14155-6451 1417614411 Tehran Iran
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13
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Shruti, Dwivedi J, Kishore D, Sain S. Recent advancement in the synthesis of phenoxazine derivatives and their analogues. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1448090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shalu Sain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterizations of a dinuclear copper(II) complex with an (N,S,O) donor ligand: Catecholase and phenoxazinone synthase activities. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Ćirić-Marjanović G, Milojević-Rakić M, Janošević-Ležaić A, Luginbühl S, Walde P. Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2016; 71:199-242. [PMID: 28775395 PMCID: PMC5495875 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green" chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojević-Rakić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Janošević-Ležaić
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Jia H, Gao Z, Ma Y, Zhong C, Wang C, Zhou H, Wei P. Preparation and characterization of a highly stable phenoxazinone synthase nanogel. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:34. [PMID: 27239225 PMCID: PMC4884384 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) is a laccase-like multicopper oxidase originating from Streptomyces with great industrial application potential. In this paper, we prepared the PHS nanogel retaining 82 % of its initial activity by aqueous in situ polymerization at pH 9.3. RESULTS The average diameter of the PHS nanogel was 50.8 nm based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Fluorescence analysis indicated the impressive preservation of the enzyme molecular structure upon modification. The PHS nanogel exhibited the most activity at pH 4.0-4.5 and 50 °C while the corresponding values were pH 4.5 and 40 °C for the native PHS. The K m and V max of the PHS nanogel were found to be 0.052 mM and 0.018 mM/min, whereas those of the native PHS were 0.077 mM and 0.021 mM/min, respectively. In addition, the PHS nanogel possessed higher thermal and storage stability and solvent tolerance compared with the native one. The half-life of the PHS nanogel was 1.71 h and multiplied around ninefold compared to 0.19 h for the native one. CONCLUSION In summary, the PHS nanogel could be a promising biocatalyst in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Chunming Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Hua Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
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17
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Catechol oxidase and phenoxazinone synthase: Biomimetic functional models and mechanistic studies. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dey SK, Mukherjee A. Investigation of 3d-transition metal acetates in the oxidation of substituted dioxolene and phenols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lachowicz JI, Nurchi VM, Crisponi G, Pelaez MDGJ, Rescigno A, Stefanowicz P, Cal M, Szewczuk Z. Metal coordination and tyrosinase inhibition studies with Kojic-βAla-Kojic. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:36-43. [PMID: 26239546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kojic acid is a natural antifungal and antibacterial agent that has been extensively studied for its tyrosinase inhibitory and metal coordination properties. Tyrosinase is a metalloenzyme with two copper ions in the active site. It is widely accepted that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of kojic acid is related to its ability to coordinate metals. Over the past five years, we have used kojic acid to synthesize new and efficient bis-kojic acid chelators of iron and aluminium. In parallel, we investigated whether the de novo designed ligands could interfere with proper tyrosinase functioning. The present study combines our experience with inhibition and coordination studies of the new ligand: Kojic-βAla-Kojic. Research aimed at the assembly of a new potent tyrosinase inhibitor was based on the well-known crystal structure of the enzyme. Two questions were whether two kojic acids could act better than one and to what extent the length and kind of linker could ameliorate metal coordination, and inhibitory activity. Our results show that Kojic-βAla-Kojic has high affinity for Fe(III), Al(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) and strong tyrosinase inhibitory effect and it can be proposed for use in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Valeria Marina Nurchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Guido Crisponi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Cal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
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Washington C, Maxwell J, Stevenson J, Malone G, Lowe EW, Zhang Q, Wang G, McIntyre NR. Mechanistic studies of the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidative cyclocondensation of 2-aminophenol to 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:24-34. [PMID: 25982123 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) catalyzes the monophenolase and diphenolase reaction associated with vertebrate pigmentation and fruit/vegetable browning. Tyrosinase is an oxygen-dependent, dicopper enzyme that has three states: Emet, Eoxy, and Edeoxy. The diphenolase activity can be carried out by both the met and the oxy states of the enzyme while neither mono- nor diphenolase activity results from the deoxy state. In this study, the oxidative cyclocondensation of 2-aminophenol (OAP) to the corresponding 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one (APX) by mushroom tyrosinase was investigated. Using a combination of various steady- and pre-steady state methodologies, we have investigated the kinetic and chemical mechanism of this reaction. The kcat for OAP is 75 ± 2s(-1), K(OAP)M = 1.8 ± 0.2mM, K(O2)M =25 ± 4 μM with substrates binding in a steady-state preferred fashion. Stopped flow and global analysis support a model where OAP preferentially binds to the oxy form over the met (k7 ≫ k1). For the met form, His269 and His61 are the proposed bases, while the oxy form uses the copper-peroxide and His61 for the sequential deprotonation of anilinic and phenolic hydrogens. Solvent KIEs show proton transfer to be increasingly rate limiting for kcat/K(OAP)M as [O2] → 0 μM (1.38 ± 0.06) decreasing to 0.83 ± 0.03 as [O2] → ∞ reflecting a partially rate limiting μ-OH bond cleavage (E met) and formation (E oxy) following protonation in the transition state. The coupling and cyclization reactions of o-quinone imine and OAP pass through a phenyliminocyclohexadione intermediate to APX, forming at a rate of 6.91 ± 0.03 μM(-1)s(-1) and 2.59E-2 ± 5.31E-4s(-1). Differences in reactivity attributed to the anilinic moiety of OAP with o-diphenols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Washington
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Jamere Maxwell
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Joenathan Stevenson
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Gregory Malone
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Edward W Lowe
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Neil R McIntyre
- Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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Suljić S, Pietruszka J, Worgull D. Asymmetric Bio- and Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction - Laccase and Secondary Amine-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Pezzella C, Guarino L, Piscitelli A. How to enjoy laccases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:923-40. [PMID: 25577278 PMCID: PMC11113763 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the scientific literature published in the last 10 years reveals a constant growth of laccase applicative research in several industrial fields followed by the publication of a great number of patents. The Green Chemistry journal devoted the cover of its September 2014 issue to a laccase as greener alternative for chemical oxidation. This indicates that laccase "never-ending story" has found a new promising trend within the constant search for efficient (bio)catalysts able to meet the 12 green chemistry principles. A survey of ancient and cutting-edge uses of laccase in different industrial sectors is offered in this review with the aim both to underline their potential and to provide inspiration for new ones. Applications in textile and food fields have been deeply described, as well as examples concerning polymer synthesis and laccase-catalysed grafting. Recent applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pezzella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy,
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Suljić S, Pietruszka J. Synthesis of 3-Arylated 3,4-Dihydrocoumarins: Combining Continuous Flow Hydrogenation with Laccase-Catalysed Oxidation. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Jia H, Zhong C, Huang F, Wang C, Jia L, Zhou H, Wei P. The Preparation and Characterization of a Laccase Nanogel and Its Application in Naphthoquinone Synthesis. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bruyneel F, Dive G, Marchand-Brynaert J. Non-symmetrically substituted phenoxazinones from laccase-mediated oxidative cross-coupling of aminophenols: an experimental and theoretical insight. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1834-46. [PMID: 22257991 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cross-coupling reactions of substituted o-aminophenols were catalyzed by a commercial laccase to produce non-symmetrically substituted phenoxazinones for the first time. Identification by (1)H-, (13)C- and (31)P-NMR, and by HPLC-PDA and HPLC-MS/MS of exclusively two kinds of substituted phenoxazinones out of four potential heterocyclic frameworks was confirmed by a DFT study. The redox-properties of the substrates, their relative rates of conversion and the rigid docking of selected substrates led to a revisited mechanistic pathway for phenoxazinones biosynthesis. Our suggestions concern both the first formal two-electron oxidation by laccase and the first intermolecular 1,4-conjugated addition which secures the observed regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bruyneel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Rescigno A, Bruyneel F, Padiglia A, Sollai F, Salis A, Marchand-Brynaert J, Sanjust E. Structure–activity relationships of various amino-hydroxy-benzenesulfonic acids and sulfonamides as tyrosinase substrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:799-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamaguchi H, Miyazaki M, Asanomi Y, Maeda H. Poly-lysine supported cross-linked enzyme aggregates with efficient enzymatic activity and high operational stability. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Bruyneel F, D'Auria L, Payen O, Courtoy PJ, Marchand-Brynaert J. Live-Cell Imaging with Water-Soluble Aminophenoxazinone Dyes Synthesised through Laccase Biocatalysis. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1451-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Thansandote P, Chong E, Feldmann KO, Lautens M. Palladium-Catalyzed Domino C−C/C−N Coupling Using a Norbornene Template: Synthesis of Substituted Benzomorpholines, Phenoxazines, and Dihydrodibenzoxazepines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3495-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100408p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praew Thansandote
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Eugene Chong
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Kai-Oliver Feldmann
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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