1
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Lu S, Telu S, Siméon FG, Cai L, Pike VW. Gas Phase Transformations in Carbon-11 Chemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1167. [PMID: 38256240 PMCID: PMC10816134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-lived positron-emitter carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min; β+, 99.8%) is prominent for labeling tracers for use in biomedical research with positron emission tomography (PET). Carbon-11 is produced for this purpose with a cyclotron, nowadays almost exclusively by the 14N(p,α)11C nuclear reaction, either on nitrogen containing a low concentration of oxygen (0.1-0.5%) or hydrogen (~5%) to produce [11C]carbon dioxide or [11C]methane, respectively. These primary radioactive products can be produced in high yields and with high molar activities. However, only [11C]carbon dioxide has some utility for directly labeling PET tracers. Primary products are required to be converted rapidly and efficiently into secondary labeling synthons to provide versatile radiochemistry for labeling diverse tracer chemotypes at molecular positions of choice. This review surveys known gas phase transformations of carbon-11 and summarizes the important roles that many of these transformations now play for producing a broad range of labeling synthons in carbon-11 chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA; (S.L.); (S.T.); (F.G.S.); (L.C.)
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2
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Gao Y, Xia B. Microdroplet accelerated reaction for high-efficiency carbon disulfide conversion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10773-10776. [PMID: 37593766 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon disulfide (CS2) negatively impacts male sexual function and sperm quality. We propose an efficient method to convert CS2 into dithiocarbamic acid using electrospray ionization, achieving up to 96.7% conversion. Protonated CS2 intermediates (SCSH+) contribute to capturing CO2 in amine reactions. Moreover, the reaction efficiently converts CS2 from ethanol solution using microbubble bursting. This study lays the groundwork for accurate CS2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.
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3
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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4
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Pees A, Chassé M, Lindberg A, Vasdev N. Recent Developments in Carbon-11 Chemistry and Applications for First-In-Human PET Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:931. [PMID: 36770596 PMCID: PMC9920299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that makes use of radiolabelled molecules for in vivo evaluation. Carbon-11 is a frequently used radionuclide for the labelling of small molecule PET tracers and can be incorporated into organic molecules without changing their physicochemical properties. While the short half-life of carbon-11 (11C; t½ = 20.4 min) offers other advantages for imaging including multiple PET scans in the same subject on the same day, its use is limited to facilities that have an on-site cyclotron, and the radiochemical transformations are consequently more restrictive. Many researchers have embraced this challenge by discovering novel carbon-11 radiolabelling methodologies to broaden the synthetic versatility of this radionuclide. This review presents new carbon-11 building blocks and radiochemical transformations as well as PET tracers that have advanced to first-in-human studies over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Melissa Chassé
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anton Lindberg
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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5
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Okamura T, Tsukamoto S, Okada M, Kikuchi T, Aizawa R, Wakizaka H, Nengaki N, Ogawa M, Ishii H, Zhang MR. 11C-Labeled Radiotracer for Noninvasive and Quantitative Assessment of the Thiocyanate Efflux System in the Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1654-1662. [PMID: 35951365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) alters the potency of certain agonists for the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, and dysfunctions in AMPA receptor signaling are considered to underlie a number of neurological diseases. While humans may be exposed to SCN- from the environment, including food sources, a carrier-mediated system transports SCN- from the brain into the blood and is an important regulator of SCN- distribution in the central nervous system. The assessment of this SCN- efflux system in the brain would thus be useful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of SCN- and for elucidating the relationship between the efflux system and brain diseases. However, the currently available technique for studying SCN- efflux is severely limited by its invasiveness. Here, we describe the development of a SCN- protracer, 9-pentyl-6-[11C]thiocyanatopurine ([11C]1), to overcome this limitation. [11C]1 was synthesized by the reaction of the iodo-precursor and [11C]SCN- or the reaction of the disulfide precursor with [11C]NH4CN. The protracer [11C]1 entered the brain after intravenous injection into mice and was rapidly metabolized to [11C]SCN-, which was then eliminated from the brain. The efflux of [11C]SCN- was dose-dependently inhibited by perchlorate, a monovalent anion, and the highest dose caused an 82% reduction in the efflux rate. Our findings demonstrate that [11C]1 can be used for the noninvasive and quantitative assessment of the SCN- efflux system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Okamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Maki Okada
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Aizawa
- Laboratory of Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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6
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Cesarec S, Edgar F, Lai T, Plisson C, White AJP, Miller PW. Synthesis of carbon-11 radiolabelled transition metal complexes using 11C-dithiocarbamates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5004-5008. [PMID: 35293415 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel radiolabelling method exploiting 11C-dithiocarbamate ligands has been used to generate 11C-labelled Au(I), Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes in high radiochemical yields (71-99%). Labelled complexes were prepared in a rapid one-pot procedure via the substitution reaction of 11C-dithiocarbamate ligands with appropriate transition metal chloride precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cesarec
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK.
| | - Fraser Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK. .,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Titan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK.
| | - Christophe Plisson
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK.
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 OBZ, UK.
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7
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PET Radiochemistry. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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8
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Ishii H, Yamasaki T, Yui J, Zhang Y, Hanyu M, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Tsuji AB, Terashima Y, Matsushima K, Zhang MR. Radiosynthesis of [thiocarbonyl- 11C]disulfiram and its first PET study in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126998. [PMID: 32014383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Thiocarbonyl-11C]disulfiram ([11C]DSF) was synthesized via iodine oxidation of [11C]diethylcarbamodithioic acid ([11C]DETC), which was prepared from [11C]carbon disulfide and diethylamine. The decay-corrected isolated radiochemical yield (RCY) of [11C]DSF was greatly affected by the addition of unlabeled carbon disulfide. In the presence of carbon disulfide, the RCY was increased up to 22% with low molar activity (Am, 0.27 GBq/μmol). On the other hand, [11C]DSF was obtained in 0.4% RCY with a high Am value (95 GBq/μmol) in the absence of carbon disulfide. The radiochemical purity of [11C]DSF was always >98%. The first PET study on [11C]DSF was performed in mice. A high uptake of radioactivity was observed in the liver, kidneys, and gallbladder. The uptake level and distribution pattern in mice were not significantly affected by the Am value of the [11C]DSF sample used. In vivo metabolite analysis showed the rapid decomposition of [11C]DSF in mouse plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Joji Yui
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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9
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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11
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Xie Y, Lu C, Zhao B, Wang Q, Yao Y. Cycloaddition of Aziridine with CO2/CS2 Catalyzed by Amidato Divalent Lanthanide Complexes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1951-1958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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13
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Peng HY, Dong ZB. Transition-Metal-Free C(sp3
)-S Coupling in Water: Synthesis of Benzyl Dithiocarbamates Using Thiuram Disulfides as an Organosulfur Source. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Peng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430205 Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430205 Wuhan China
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Butenandtstrasse 5-13 81377 München Germany
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14
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Haywood T, Cesarec S, Kealey S, Plisson C, Miller PW. Ammonium [ 11C]thiocyanate: revised preparation and reactivity studies of a versatile nucleophile for carbon-11 radiolabelling. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1311-1314. [PMID: 30151085 PMCID: PMC6096773 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the preparation of ammonium [11C]thiocyanate via the reaction of [11C]CS2 with ammonia. The [11C]SCN- ion is demonstrated as a potent nucleophile that can be used to readily generate a range of 11C-labelled thiocyanate molecules in high conversions. Furthermore, novel 11C-labelled thiazolone molecules can be easily prepared from the intermediate α-thiocyanatophenones via an acid mediated cyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Haywood
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , SW7 2AZ , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)2875942847
| | - Sara Cesarec
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , SW7 2AZ , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)2875942847
| | - Steven Kealey
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , SW7 2AZ , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)2875942847
| | - Christophe Plisson
- Imanova Limited , Imperial College London , Hammersmith Hospital , Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road , London , W12 0NN , UK
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , SW7 2AZ , London , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)2875942847
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15
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Del Vecchio A, Destro G, Taran F, Audisio D. Recent developments in heterocycle labeling with carbon isotopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:988-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Gianluca Destro
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
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16
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Boscutti G, Huiban M, Passchier J. Use of carbon-11 labelled tool compounds in support of drug development. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 25:3-10. [PMID: 29233265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is facing key challenges to improve return on R&D investment. Positron emission tomography (PET), by itself or in combination with complementary technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provides a unique opportunity to confirm a candidate's ability to meet the so-called 'three pillars' of drug development. Positive confirmation provides confidence for go/no-go decision making at an early stage of the development process and enables informed clinical progression. Whereas fluorine-18 has probably gained wider use in the community, there are benefits to using carbon-11 given the greater flexibility the use of this isotope permits in adaptive clinical study design. This review explores the scope of available carbon-11 chemistries and provides clinical examples to highlight its value in PET studies in support of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Boscutti
- Imanova Ltd., Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mickael Huiban
- Imanova Ltd., Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jan Passchier
- Imanova Ltd., Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Dahl K, Halldin C, Schou M. New methodologies for the preparation of carbon-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Clin Transl Imaging 2017; 5:275-289. [PMID: 28596949 PMCID: PMC5437136 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This short review aims to cover the more recent and promising developments of carbon-11 (11C) labeling radiochemistry and its utility in the production of novel radiopharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on methods that have the greatest potential to be translated for clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS A survey of the literature was undertaken to identify articles focusing on methodological development in 11C chemistry and their use within novel radiopharmaceutical preparation. However, since 11C-labeling chemistry is such a narrow field of research, no systematic literature search was therefore feasible. The survey was further restricted to a specific timeframe (2000-2016) and articles in English. RESULTS From the literature, it is clear that the majority of 11C-labeled radiopharmaceuticals prepared for clinical PET studies have been radiolabeled using the standard heteroatom methylation reaction. However, a number of methodologies have been developed in recent years, both from a technical and chemical point of view. Amongst these, two protocols may have the greatest potential to be widely adapted for the preparation of 11C-radiopharmaceuticals in a clinical setting. First, a novel method for the direct formation of 11C-labeled carbonyl groups, where organic bases are utilized as [11C]carbon dioxide-fixation agents. The second method of clinical importance is a low-pressure 11C-carbonylation technique that utilizes solvable xenon gas to effectively transfer and react [11C]carbon monoxide in a sealed reaction vessel. Both methods appear to be general and provide simple paths to 11C-labeled products. CONCLUSION Radiochemistry is the foundation of PET imaging which relies on the administration of a radiopharmaceutical. The demand for new radiopharmaceuticals for clinical PET imaging is increasing, and 11C-radiopharmaceuticals are especially important within clinical research and drug development. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the most noteworthy 11C-labeling methods with clinical relevance to the field of PET radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Placzek MS, Hooker JM, Gee AD, Dollé F, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. (11)C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds made easily for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4708-26. [PMID: 27276357 PMCID: PMC5000859 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 ((11)C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11)C]methyl triflate (generated from [(11)C]carbon dioxide or [(11)C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted (11)C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [(11)C]Carbon dioxide itself, [(11)C]carbon monoxide, [(11)C]cyanide, and [(11)C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable (11)C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of (11)C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. (11)C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA and McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA - Institut d'imagerie biomédicale, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Luo B, Cui Q, Luo H, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. N-
Benzyldithiocarbamate Salts as Sulfur Sources to Access Tricyclic Thioheterocycles Mediated by Copper Species. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; 651 Dongfeng East Road Guangzhou 510060 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; 651 Dongfeng East Road Guangzhou 510060 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Luo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; 280 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; 651 Dongfeng East Road Guangzhou 510060 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; 651 Dongfeng East Road Guangzhou 510060 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 132 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; 651 Dongfeng East Road Guangzhou 510060 People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; 132 Waihuan East Road Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
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Mossine AV, Brooks AF, Jackson IM, Quesada CA, Sherman P, Cole EL, Donnelly DJ, Scott PJH, Shao X. Synthesis of Diverse (11)C-Labeled PET Radiotracers via Direct Incorporation of [(11)C]CO2. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1382-9. [PMID: 27043721 PMCID: PMC5637095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers of interest to our functional neuroimaging and translational oncology programs have been prepared through new developments in [(11)C]CO2 fixation chemistry. [(11)C]QZ (glutaminyl cyclase) was prepared via a tandem trapping of [(11)C]CO2/intramolecular cyclization; [(11)C]tideglusib (glycogen synthase kinase-3) was synthesized through a tandem trapping of [(11)C]CO2 followed by an intermolecular cycloaddition between a [(11)C]isocyanate and an isothiocyanate to form the 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione core; [(11)C]ibrutinib (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) was synthesized through a HATU peptide coupling of an amino precursor with [(11)C]acrylic acid (generated from [(11)C]CO2 fixation with vinylmagnesium bromide). All radiochemical syntheses are fully automated on commercial radiochemical synthesis modules and provide radiotracers in 1-5% radiochemical yield (noncorrected, based upon [(11)C]CO2). All three radiotracers have advanced to rodent imaging studies and preliminary PET imaging results are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Mossine
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isaac M. Jackson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Phillip Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin L. Cole
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David J. Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xia Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Haywood T, Kealey S, Sánchez-Cabezas S, Hall JJ, Allott L, Smith G, Plisson C, Miller PW. Carbon-11 radiolabelling of organosulfur compounds: (11) C synthesis of the progesterone receptor agonist tanaproget. Chemistry 2015; 21:9034-8. [PMID: 25965348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein a new (11) C radiolabelling strategy for the fast and efficient synthesis of thioureas and related derivatives using the novel synthon, (11) CS2 , is reported. This approach has enabled the facile labelling of a potent progesterone receptor (PR) agonist, [(11) C]Tanaproget, by the intramolecular reaction of the acyclic aminohydroxyl precursor with (11) CS2 , which has potential applications as a positron emission tomography radioligand for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Haywood
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Steven Kealey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | | | - James J Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Louis Allott
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP (UK)
| | - Graham Smith
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP (UK)
| | - Christophe Plisson
- Imanova Limited, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (UK).
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Kealey S, Gee A, Miller PW. Transition metal mediated [11C]carbonylation reactions: recent advances and applications. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:195-201. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kealey
- Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London; De Crespigny Park London SE5 8AF UK
| | - Antony Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomechanical Engineering, The Rayne Institute; King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
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Parada-Aliste J, Megia-Fernandez A, De la Torre-Gonzalez D, Hernandez-Mateo F, Santoyo-Gonzalez F. Synthesis ofS- andN-Functionalized Dithiocarbamates from Cyclic Sulfates. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guntreddi T, Allam BK, Singh KN. Utilization of carbon disulfide as a powerful building block for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazoles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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