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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Bouteraa MT, Jemli S, Ben Hsouna A, Hassairi A. Development of a marker-free engineered durum wheat overexpressing Lobularia maritima GASA1 with improved drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108775. [PMID: 38810521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Due to their fixed lifestyle, plants must adapt to abiotic or biotic stresses by orchestrating various responses, including protective and growth control measures. Growth arrest is provoked upon abiotic stress and can impair plant production. Members of the plant-specific GASA (gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis) gene family play crucial roles in phytohormone responses, abiotic and biotic stresses, and plant growth. Here, we recognized and examined the LmGASA1 gene from the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima and developed marker-free engineered durum wheat plants overexpressing the gene. The LmGASA1 transcript profile revealed that it's induced by stressful events as well as by phytohormones including GA3, MeJA, and ABA, suggesting that the LmGASA1 gene may contribute to these stress and hormone signal transduction pathways. Transient expression of GFP-LmGASA1 fusion in onion epidermal cells indicated that LmGASA1 is localized to the cell membrane. Further analysis showed that overexpression of LmGASA1 in durum wheat plants enhanced tolerance to drought stress compared with that in non-transgenic (NT) plants, imposing no yield penalty and enabling seed production even following drought stress at the vegetative stage. Altogether, our data indicate that LmGASA1 regulates both the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant enzymatic system and the activation of at least six stress-related genes that function as positive regulators of drought stress tolerance. LmGASA1 appears to be a novel gene useful for further functional analysis and potential engineering for drought stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax -Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax -Tunisia
| | - Sonia Jemli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymes Engineering, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax -Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax -Tunisia; Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ''1177'', 3018, Sfax -Tunisia; Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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He J, Ghosh P, Nitsche C. Biocompatible strategies for peptide macrocyclisation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2300-2322. [PMID: 38362412 PMCID: PMC10866349 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides are increasingly important drug candidates, offering numerous advantages over conventional small molecules. However, they face significant challenges related to stability, cellular uptake and overall bioavailability. While individual modifications may not address all these challenges, macrocyclisation stands out as a single modification capable of enhancing affinity, selectivity, proteolytic stability and membrane permeability. The recent successes of in situ peptide modifications during screening in combination with genetically encoded peptide libraries have increased the demand for peptide macrocyclisation reactions that can occur under biocompatible conditions. In this perspective, we aim to distinguish biocompatible conditions from those well-known examples that are fully bioorthogonal. We introduce key strategies for biocompatible peptide macrocyclisation and contextualise them within contemporary screening methods, providing an overview of available transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming He
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
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Nahirñak V, Almasia NI, Lia VV, Hopp HE, Vazquez Rovere C. Unveiling the defensive role of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III of Snakin/GASA peptides in potatoes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:47. [PMID: 38302779 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The first in-depth characterization of a subfamily III Snakin/GASA member was performed providing experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and unveiling a role of potato Snakin-3 in defense Snakin/GASA proteins share 12 cysteines in conserved positions in the C-terminal region. Most of them were involved in different aspects of plant growth and development, while a small number of these peptides were reported to have antimicrobial activity or participate in abiotic stress tolerance. In potato, 18 Snakin/GASA genes were identified and classified into three groups based on phylogenetic analysis. Snakin-1 and Snakin-2 are members of subfamilies I and II, respectively, and were reported to be implicated not only in defense against pathogens but also in plant development. In this work, we present the first in-depth characterization of Snakin-3, a member of the subfamily III within the Snakin/GASA gene family of potato. Transient co-expression of Snakin-3 fused to the green fluorescent protein and organelle markers revealed that it is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, expression analyses via pSnakin-3::GUS transgenic plants showed GUS staining mainly in roots and vascular tissues of the stem. Moreover, GUS expression levels were increased after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci or Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and also after auxin treatment mainly in roots and stems. To gain further insights into the function of Snakin-3 in planta, potato overexpressing lines were challenged against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum showing enhanced tolerance to this bacterial pathogen. In sum, here we report the first functional characterization of a Snakin/GASA gene from subfamily III in Solanaceae. Our findings provide experimental evidence on promoter activity and subcellular localization and reveal a role of potato Snakin-3 in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Verónica Viviana Lia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
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4
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Bouteraa MT, Ben Romdhane W, Baazaoui N, Alfaifi MY, Chouaibi Y, Ben Akacha B, Ben Hsouna A, Kačániová M, Ćavar Zeljković S, Garzoli S, Ben Saad R. GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2045. [PMID: 37653962 PMCID: PMC10223810 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is a class of functional cysteine-rich proteins characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal-conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine (Cys) residues. GASA proteins are widely distributed among plant species, and the majority of them are involved in the signal transmission of plant hormones, the regulation of plant development and growth, and the responses to different environmental constraints. To date, their action mechanisms are not completely elucidated. This review reports an overview of the diversity, structure, and subcellular localization of GASA proteins, their involvement in hormone crosstalk and redox regulation during development, and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Knowledge of this complex regulation can be a contribution to promoting multiple abiotic stress tolerance with potential agricultural applications through the engineering of genes encoding GASA proteins and the production of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte UR13ES47, University of Carthage, BP W, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra Chouaibi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bouthaina Ben Akacha
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Mahdia 5100, Tunisia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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Humanizing plant-derived snakins and their encrypted antimicrobial peptides. Biochimie 2022; 199:92-111. [PMID: 35472564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to safety restrictions, plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) need optimization to be consumed beyond preservatives. Herein, 175 GASA-domain-containing snakins were analyzed. Factors including charge, hydrophobicity, helicity, hydrophobic moment (μH), folding enthalpy, folding heat capacity, folding free energy, therapeutic index, allergenicity, and bitterness were considered. The most optimal snakins for oral consumption as preservatives were from Cajanus cajan, Cucumis melo, Durio zibethinus, Glycine soja, Herrania umbratica, and Ziziphus jujuba. Virtual digestion of snakins predicted ACE1 and DPPIV inhibitory as dominant effects upon oral use with antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. To be applied as a therapeutic in parenteral administration, snakins were browsed for short 20-mer encrypted fragments that were non-toxic or with eliminated toxicity using directed mutagenesis yet retaining the AMP property. The most promising 20-mer AMPs were Mr-SNK2-1a in Morella rubra with BBB permeation, Na-SNK2-2a(C18W), and Na-SNK2-2b(C16F) from Nicotiana attenuata. These AMPs were cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), with a charge of +6, a μH of about 0.40, and a Boman-index higher than 2.48 Kcalmol-1. Na-SNK2-2a(C18W) had putative activity against gram-negative bacteria with MIC lower than 25 μgml-1, and Na-SNK2-2b(C16F) was a potential anti-HIV with an IC50 of 3.04 μM. Other 20-mer AMPs, such as Cc-SNK1-2a from Cajanus cajan displayed an anti-HCV property with an IC50 of 13.91 μM. While Si-SNK2-3a(C17P) from Sesamum indicum was a cationic anti-angiogenic CPP targeting the acidic microenvironment of tumors, Cme-SNK2-1a(C11F) from Cucumis melo was an immunomodulator CPP applicable as a vaccine adjuvant. Because of combined mechanisms, investigating cysteine-rich peptides can nominate effective biotherapeutics.
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6
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Engelberg Y, Ragonis-Bachar P, Landau M. Rare by Natural Selection: Disulfide-Bonded Supramolecular Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:926-936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhaq Engelberg
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Peleg Ragonis-Bachar
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg 22607, Germany
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7
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Li L, Lyu C, Chen J, Lu Y, Yang S, Ni S, Zheng S, Yu L, Wang X, Wang Q, Lu L. Snakin-2 interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 to inhibit sprout growth in potato tubers. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab060. [PMID: 35043182 PMCID: PMC8972991 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potato tuber is the main nutrient supply and reproductive organ; however, tuber sprouting can reduce its commercial value. Snakin-2 (StSN2) was first reported as an antimicrobial peptide that positively regulates potato disease resistance. Our recent study suggested StSN2 overexpression inhibited sprout growth, while the sprouting process was accelerated in StSN2 RNAi lines. Cytoplasmic glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (StGAPC1) was identified as a candidate protein that interacts with StSN2 by coimmunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry (CoIP/MS) experiments. Here, we report that the expression levels of StSN2 and StGAPC1 decreased during sprouting compared with dormancy. Coexpression of StSN2 and StGAPC1 in bud eyes and apical buds was verified by immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin sections. In addition, interaction of StSN2 and StGAPC1 was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and split luciferase complementation assays. Overexpression of StGAPC1 depressed sprout growth, which is similar to the function of StSN2, and StSN2- and StGAPC1-overexpressing lines showed decreased glucose, fructose and galactose content. The interaction of StSN2 and StGAPC1 enhanced StGAPC1 activity and decreased its oxidative modification to inhibit sprout growth. Our results suggest that StSN2 plays a regulatory role in tuber sprout growth through interaction with StGAPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Lyu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Su Ni
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunlin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liping Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liming Lu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
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8
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Moyer TB, Brechbill AM, Hicks LM. Mass Spectrometric Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Medicinal Seeds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237304. [PMID: 34885884 PMCID: PMC8659199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants contain a variety of bioactive natural products including cysteine-rich (Cys-rich) antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Cys-rich AMPs are often crosslinked by multiple disulfide bonds which increase their resistance to chemical and enzymatic degradation. However, this class of molecules is relatively underexplored. Herein, in silico analysis predicted 80–100 Cys-rich AMPs per species from three edible traditional medicinal plants: Linum usitatissimum (flax), Trifolium pratense (red clover), and Sesamum indicum (sesame). Bottom-up proteomic analysis of seed peptide extracts revealed direct evidence for the translation of 3–10 Cys-rich AMPs per species, including lipid transfer proteins, defensins, α-hairpinins, and snakins. Negative activity revealed by antibacterial screening highlights the importance of employing a multi-pronged approach for AMP discovery. Further, this study demonstrates that flax, red clover, and sesame are promising sources for further AMP discovery and characterization.
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Shwaiki LN, Arendt EK, Lynch KM. Plant compounds for the potential reduction of food waste - a focus on antimicrobial peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4242-4265. [PMID: 33480260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A large portion of global food waste is caused by microbial spoilage. The modern approach to preserve food is to apply different hurdles for microbial pathogens to overcome. These vary from thermal processes and chemical additives, to the application of irradiation and modified atmosphere packaging. Even though such preservative techniques exist, loss of food to spoilage still prevails. Plant compounds and peptides represent an untapped source of potential novel natural food preservatives. Of these, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are very promising for exploitation. AMPs are a significant component of a plant's innate defense system. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential application of these AMPs; however, more studies, particularly in the area of food preservation are warranted. This review examines the literature on the application of AMPs and other plant compounds for the purpose of reducing food losses and waste (including crop protection). A focus is placed on the plant defensins, their natural extraction and synthetic production, and their safety and application in food preservation. In addition, current challenges and impediments to their full exploitation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila N Shwaiki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran M Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Study on the Inhibitory Activity of a Synthetic Defensin Derived from Barley Endosperm against Common Food Spoilage Yeast. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010165. [PMID: 33396521 PMCID: PMC7794838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the food industry, food spoilage is a real issue that can lead to a significant amount of waste. Although current preservation techniques are being applied to reduce the occurrence of spoilage microorganisms, the problem persists. Food spoilage yeast are part of this dilemma, with common spoilers such as Zygosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces and Saccharomyces frequently encountered. Antimicrobial peptides derived from plants have risen in popularity due to their ability to reduce spoilage. This study examines the potential application of a synthetic defensin peptide derived from barley endosperm. Its inhibitory effect against common spoilage yeasts, its mechanisms of action (membrane permeabilisation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species), and its stability in different conditions were characterised. The safety of the peptide was evaluated through a haemolysis and cytotoxicity assay, and no adverse effects were found. Both assays were performed to understand the effect of the peptide if it were to be consumed. Its ability to be degraded by a digestive enzyme was also examined for its safety. Finally, the peptide was successfully applied to different beverages and maintained the same inhibitory effects in apple juice as was observed in the antiyeast assays, providing further support for its application in food preservation.
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11
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Study on the characterisation and application of synthetic peptide Snakin-1 derived from potato tubers – Action against food spoilage yeast. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Su T, Han M, Cao D, Xu M. Molecular and Biological Properties of Snakins: The Foremost Cysteine-Rich Plant Host Defense Peptides. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040220. [PMID: 33053707 PMCID: PMC7711543 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are regarded as one of the most prevalent barriers elaborated by plants to combat various infective agents. Among the multiple classes of HDPs, the Snakin class attracts special concern, as they carry 12 cysteine residues, being the foremost cysteine-rich peptides of the plant HDPs. Also, their cysteines are present at very highly conserved positions and arranged in an extremely similar way among different members. Like other plant HDPs, Snakins have been shown to exhibit strong antifungal and antibacterial activity against a wide range of plant pathogens. Moreover, they display diversified biological activities in many aspects of plant growth and the development process. This review is devoted to present the general characters of the Snakin class of plant HDPs, as well as the individual features of different Snakin family members. Specifically, the sequence properties, spatial structures, distributions, expression patterns and biological activities of Snakins are described. In addition, further detailed classification of the Snakin family members, along with their possible mode of action and potential applications in the field of agronomy and pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-1589-598-9551
| | - Dan Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.S.); (D.C.); (M.X.)
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13
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Almasia NI, Nahirñak V, Hopp HE, Vazquez-Rovere C. Potato Snakin-1: an antimicrobial player of the trade-off between host defense and development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:839-849. [PMID: 32529484 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN1) from potato is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide with high evolutionary conservation. It has 63 amino acid residues, 12 of which are cysteines capable of forming six disulfide bonds. SN1 localizes in the plasma membrane, and it is present mainly in tissues associated with active growth and cell division. SN1 is active in vitro against bacteria, fungus, yeasts, and even animal/human pathogens. It was demonstrated that it also confers in vivo protection against commercially relevant pathogens in overexpressing potato, wheat, and lettuce plants. Although researchers have demonstrated SN1 can disrupt the membranes of E. coli, its integral antimicrobial mechanism remains unknown. It is likely that broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is a combined outcome of membrane disruption and inhibition of intracellular functions. Besides, in potato, partial SN1 silencing affects cell division, leaf metabolism, and cell wall composition, thus revealing additional roles in growth and development. Its silencing also affects reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS scavenger levels. This finding indicates its participation in redox balance. Moreover, SN1 alters hormone levels, suggesting its involvement in the complex hormonal crosstalk. Altogether, SN1 has the potential to integrate development and defense signals directly and/or indirectly by modulating protein activity, modifying hormone balance and/or participating in redox regulation. Evidence supports a paramount role to SN1 in the mechanism underlying growth and immunity balance. Furthermore, SN1 may be a promising candidate in preservation, and pharmaceutical or agricultural biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - H Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez-Rovere
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, Hurlingham, Argentina
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14
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Istomina EA, Slezina MP, Kovtun AS, Odintsova TI. In Silico Identification of Gene Families Encoding Cysteine-Rich Peptides in Solanum lycopersicum L. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420050063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Proteomic characterization and antifungal activity of potato tuber proteins isolated from starch production waste under different temperature regimes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10551-10560. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Rodríguez-Decuadro S, Barraco-Vega M, Dans PD, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM, Cecchetto G. Antimicrobial and structural insights of a new snakin-like peptide isolated from Peltophorum dubium (Fabaceae). Amino Acids 2018; 50:1245-1259. [PMID: 29948342 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Snakins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found, so far, exclusively in plants, and known to be important in the defense against a wide range of pathogens. Like other plant AMPs, they contain several positively charged amino acids, and an even number of cysteine residues forming disulfide bridges which are considered important for their usual function. Despite its importance, studies on snakin tertiary structure and mode of action are still scarce. In this study, a new snakin-like gene was isolated from the native plant Peltophorum dubium, and its expression was verified in seedlings and adult leaves. The deduced peptide (PdSN1) shows 84% sequence identity with potato snakin-1 mature peptide, with the 12 cysteines characteristic from this peptide family at the GASA domain. The mature PdSN1 coding sequence was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant peptide inhibits the growth of important plant and human pathogens, like the economically relevant potato pathogen Streptomyces scabies and the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Finally, homology and ab initio modeling techniques coupled to extensive molecular dynamics simulations were used to gain insight on the 3D structure of PdSN1, which exhibited a helix-turn-helix motif conserved in both native and recombinant peptides. We found this motif to be strongly coded in the sequence of PdSN1, as it is stable under different patterns of disulfide bonds connectivity, and even when the 12 cysteines are considered in their reduced form, explaining the previous experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Decuadro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 780, 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Barraco-Vega
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo D Dans
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50.670-420, Brazil
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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17
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In silico optimization of a guava antimicrobial peptide enables combinatorial exploration for peptide design. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1490. [PMID: 29662055 PMCID: PMC5902452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are extensively used in traditional medicine, and several plant antimicrobial peptides have been described as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. However, after more than four decades of research no plant antimicrobial peptide is currently used for treating bacterial infections, due to their length, post-translational modifications or high dose requirement for a therapeutic effect . Here we report the design of antimicrobial peptides derived from a guava glycine-rich peptide using a genetic algorithm. This approach yields guavanin peptides, arginine-rich α-helical peptides that possess an unusual hydrophobic counterpart mainly composed of tyrosine residues. Guavanin 2 is characterized as a prototype peptide in terms of structure and activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicates that the peptide adopts an α-helical structure in hydrophobic environments. Guavanin 2 is bactericidal at low concentrations, causing membrane disruption and triggering hyperpolarization. This computational approach for the exploration of natural products could be used to design effective peptide antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are considered promising alternatives to antibiotics. Here the authors developed a computational algorithm that starts with peptides naturally occurring in plants and optimizes this starting material to yield new variants which are highly distinct from the parent peptide.
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18
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The Road from Host-Defense Peptides to a New Generation of Antimicrobial Drugs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020311. [PMID: 29389911 PMCID: PMC6017364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-defense peptides, also called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), whose protective action has been used by animals for millions of years, fulfill many requirements of the pharmaceutical industry, such as: (1) broad spectrum of activity; (2) unlike classic antibiotics, they induce very little resistance; (3) they act synergically with conventional antibiotics; (4) they neutralize endotoxins and are active in animal models. However, it is considered that many natural peptides are not suitable for drug development due to stability and biodisponibility problems, or high production costs. This review describes the efforts to overcome these problems and develop new antimicrobial drugs from these peptides or inspired by them. The discovery process of natural AMPs is discussed, as well as the development of synthetic analogs with improved pharmacological properties. The production of these compounds at acceptable costs, using different chemical and biotechnological methods, is also commented. Once these challenges are overcome, a new generation of versatile, potent and long-lasting antimicrobial drugs is expected.
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19
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Almasia NI, Molinari MP, Maroniche GA, Nahirñak V, Barrios Barón MP, Taboga OA, Vazquez Rovere C. Successful production of the potato antimicrobial peptide Snakin-1 in baculovirus-infected insect cells and development of specific antibodies. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:75. [PMID: 29121909 PMCID: PMC5679188 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snakin-1 (StSN1) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial cysteine-rich peptide isolated from Solanum tuberosum. Its biotechnological potential has been already recognized since it exhibits in vivo antifungal and antibacterial activity. Most attempts to produce StSN1, or homologous peptides, in a soluble native state using bacterial, yeast or synthetic expression systems have presented production bottlenecks such as insolubility, misfolding or low yields. Results In this work, we successfully expressed a recombinant StSN1 (rSN1) in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells by optimizing several of the parameters for its expression in the baculovirus expression system. The recombinant peptide lacking its putative signal peptide was soluble and was present in the nuclear fraction of infected Sf9 cells. An optimized purification procedure allowed the production of rSN1 that was used for immunization of mice, which gave rise to polyclonal antibodies that detect the native protein in tissue extracts of both agroinfiltrated plants and stable transgenic lines. Our results demonstrated that this system circumvents all the difficulties associated with recombinant antimicrobial peptides expression in other heterologous systems. Conclusions The present study is the first report of a successful protocol to produce a soluble Snakin/GASA peptide in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Our work demonstrates that the nuclear localization of rSN1 in insect cells can be exploited for its large-scale production and subsequent generation of specific anti-rSN1 antibodies. We suggest the use of the baculovirus system for high-level expression of Snakin/GASA peptides, for biological assays, structural and functional analysis and antibody production, as an important step to both elucidate their accurate physiological role and to deepen the study of their biotechnological uses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-017-0401-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Inés Almasia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Paula Molinari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Andrés Maroniche
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), km73,5 route 226, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Nahirñak
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Barrios Barón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Alberto Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vazquez Rovere
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Repetto y De Los Reseros s/n, CP 1686, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.,LABINTEX-INTA, Agropolis Fondation, Montpellier, France
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20
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Investigation of Antimicrobial Peptide Genes Associated with Fungus and Insect Resistance in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091938. [PMID: 28914754 PMCID: PMC5618587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small defense proteins present in various organisms. Major groups of AMPs include beta-barrelin, hevein, knottin, lipid transfer protein (LTP), thionin, defensin, snakin, and cyclotide. Most plant AMPs involve host plant resistance to pathogens such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, whereas a few plant AMPs from the cyclotide family carry insecticidal functions. In this research, a genome-wide investigation on antimicrobial peptide genes in maize genome was conducted. AMPs previously identified from various plant species were used as query sequences for maize genome data mining. Thirty-nine new maize AMPs were identified in addition to seven known maize AMPs. Protein sequence analysis revealed 10 distinguishable maize AMP groups. Analysis of mRNA expression of maize AMP genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed different expression patterns in a panel of 10 maize inbred lines. Five maize AMP genes were found significantly associated with insect or fungus resistance. Identification of maize antimicrobial peptide genes will facilitate the breeding of host plant resistance and improve maize production.
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21
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Yan B, Ye L, Xu W, Liu L. Recent advances in racemic protein crystallography. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4953-4965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Trapalis M, Li SF, Parish RW. The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a cell wall protein strongly expressed in developing anthers and seeds. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 260:71-79. [PMID: 28554477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a GAST1-like (Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated) protein. Reporter gene analysis identified consistent expression in anthers and seeds. In anthers expression was developmentally regulated, first appearing at stage 7 of anther development and reaching a maximum at stage 11. Strongest expression was in the tapetum and developing microspores. GASA10 expression also occurred throughout the seed and in root vasculature. GASA10 was shown to be transported to the cell wall. Using GASA1 and GASA6 as positive controls, gibberellic acid was found not to induce GASA10 expression in Arabidopsis suspension cells. Overexpression of GASA10 (35S promoter-driven) resulted in a reduction in silique elongation. GASA10 shares structural similarities to the antimicrobial peptide snakin1, however, purified GASA10 failed to influence the growth of a variety of bacterial and fungal species tested. We propose cell wall associated GASA proteins are involved in regulating the hydroxyl radical levels at specific sites in the cell wall to facilitate wall growth (regulating cell wall elongation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Trapalis
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Song Feng Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Roger W Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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23
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Kuddus MR, Yamano M, Rumi F, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Aizawa T. Enhanced expression of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide snakin-1 in Escherichia coli using an aggregation-prone protein coexpression system. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1520-1528. [PMID: 28556600 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN-1) is a cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptide and the first purified member of the snakin family. SN-1 shows potent activity against a wide range of microorganisms, and thus has great biotechnological potential as an antimicrobial agent. Here, we produced recombinant SN-1 in Escherichia coli by a previously developed coexpression method using an aggregation-prone partner protein. Our goal was to increase the productivity of SN-1 via the enhanced formation of insoluble inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. The yield of SN-1 by the coexpression method was better than that by direct expression in E. coli cells. After refolding and purification, we obtained several milligrams of functionally active SN-1, the identity of which was verified by MALDI-TOF MS and NMR studies. The purified recombinant SN-1 showed effective antimicrobial activity against test organisms. Our studies indicate that the coexpression method using an aggregation-prone partner protein can serve as a suitable expression system for the efficient production of functionally active SN-1. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1520-1528, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Kuddus
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Megumi Yamano
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Farhana Rumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Inst. for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Porto W, Pires A, Franco O. Computational tools for exploring sequence databases as a resource for antimicrobial peptides. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:337-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Zhang S, Wang X. One new kind of phytohormonal signaling integrator: Up-and-coming GASA family genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1226453. [PMID: 27574012 PMCID: PMC5351724 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1226453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GASA proteins are characterized by an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved GASA domain with 12 invariant cysteine residues. Despite being widely distributed among plant species, their functions are not completely elucidated and little is known about their mechanism of action. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the molecular structure, protein subcellular localization and phytohormones responses of this up-and-coming family of peptides. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of GASA proteins in plant growth and development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and their participation in phytohormonal signaling integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- CONTACT Xiaojing Wang
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26
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Herbel V, Sieber-Frank J, Wink M. The antimicrobial peptide snakin-2 is upregulated in the defense response of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) as part of the jasmonate-dependent signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:1-6. [PMID: 27888675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all living organisms and play an important role in innate immunity because they are readily available and non-specific against invading pathogenic microorganisms. Snakin-2 (SN2) from tomato is a short, cationic peptide that forms lethal pores in biomembranes of microbes. In plant cells, SN2 is produced as a prepeptide with a signal sequence for ER targeting and an acidic region to decrease toxicity in the producing organism. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in tomato plants demonstrated that SN2 is constitutively expressed, mostly in leaves and flowers. After fungal infection, wounding, or external application of phytohormones (such as methyl jasmonate, MeJa) operating in the JA-dependent defense response, a systemic reaction with an elevated expression of the SN2 gene is triggered in all parts of tomato plants. Abiotic stress factors like extreme temperatures or dehydration do not affect SN2 expression. Upon wounding, the expression of SN2 and LoxD are strongly enhanced in tomato fruits. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the protein level of bioactive SN2 is also increased upon application of methyl jasmonate in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Herbel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Sieber-Frank
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Tsuda S, Mochizuki M, Nishio H, Yoshiya T. Combination of Thiol-Additive-Free Native Chemical Ligation/Desulfurization and Intentional Replacement of Alanine with Cysteine. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2133-2136. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Saito asagi Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | | | - Hideki Nishio
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Saito asagi Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc.; Saito asagi Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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28
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Albert A, Eksteen JJ, Isaksson J, Sengee M, Hansen T, Vasskog T. General Approach To Determine Disulfide Connectivity in Cysteine-Rich Peptides by Sequential Alkylation on Solid Phase and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9539-9546. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Isaksson
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Terkel Hansen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Norut Northern Research Institute, 9294 Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Abstract
In recent years, the increase of invasive fungal infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance stressed the need for new antifungal drugs. Peptides have shown to be good candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents through high-throughput screening, and subsequent optimization according to a rational approach. This review presents a brief overview on antifungal natural peptides of different sources (animals, plants, micro-organisms), peptide fragments derived by proteolytic cleavage of precursor physiological proteins (cryptides), synthetic unnatural peptides and peptide derivatives. Antifungal peptides are schematically reported based on their structure, antifungal spectrum and reported effects. Natural or synthetic peptides and their modified derivatives may represent the basis for new compounds active against fungal infections.
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30
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Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
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Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
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32
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Kuddus MR, Rumi F, Tsutsumi M, Takahashi R, Yamano M, Kamiya M, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Aizawa T. Expression, purification and characterization of the recombinant cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide snakin-1 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 122:15-22. [PMID: 26854372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Snakin-1 (SN-1) is a small cysteine-rich plant antimicrobial peptide with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity which was isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum). Here, we carried out the expression of a recombinant SN-1 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, along with its purification and characterization. A DNA fragment encoding the mature SN-1 was cloned into pPIC9 vector and introduced into P. pastoris. A large amount of pure recombinant SN-1 (approximately 40 mg/1L culture) was obtained from a fed-batch fermentation culture after purification with a cation exchange column followed by RP-HPLC. The identity of the recombinant SN-1 was verified by MALDI-TOF MS, CD and (1)H NMR experiments. All these data strongly indicated that the recombinant SN-1 peptide had a folding with six disulfide bonds that was identical to the native SN-1. Our findings showed that SN-1 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms and produced very weak hemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes. The mechanism of its antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli was investigated by both outer membrane permeability assay and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization assay. These assays demonstrated that SN-1 is a membrane-active antimicrobial peptide which can disrupt both outer and cytoplasmic membrane integrity. This is the first report on the recombinant expression and purification of a fully active SN-1 in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ruhul Kuddus
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Rumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rika Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamano
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kamiya
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
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33
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Recombinant Production of Snakin-2 (an Antimicrobial Peptide from Tomato) in E. coli and Analysis of Its Bioactivity. Molecules 2015; 20:14889-901. [PMID: 26287145 PMCID: PMC6332222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a diverse group of biologically active molecules that are part of the innate immune systems of a variety of organisms. Their primary function consists of protecting the host organism against invading microorganisms, including pathogens. AMPs show a broad spectrum of secondary structures, which are essential for antimicrobial activity. In this study, we produced snakin-2 (SN2), a 66-amino-acid-(aa)-long AMP from Solanum lycopersicum as a recombinant protein in E. coli. This AMP belongs to the GASA/GAST protein family and possesses a highly conserved 60-aa-long domain with six disulfide bonds in the C-terminus of the peptide. Because of the toxicity of SN2 against its producing E. coli strain, the AMP was attached to an N-terminal fusion protein (thioredoxin A), which was removed after affinity chromatography purification. The total yield of recombinant SN2 was approximately 1 mg/L. The membrane-active SN2 showed a bactericidal and fungicidal bioactivity, which can be explained by perforation of biomembranes of bacteria and fungi.
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Tsuda S, Yoshiya T, Mochizuki M, Nishiuchi Y. Synthesis of Cysteine-Rich Peptides by Native Chemical Ligation without Use of Exogenous Thiols. Org Lett 2015; 17:1806-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Tsuda
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshiya
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- Peptide Institute, Inc., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Vriens K, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Antifungal plant defensins: mechanisms of action and production. Molecules 2014; 19:12280-303. [PMID: 25153857 PMCID: PMC6271847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins are small, cysteine-rich peptides that possess biological activity towards a broad range of organisms. Their activity is primarily directed against fungi, but bactericidal and insecticidal actions have also been reported. The mode of action of various antifungal plant defensins has been studied extensively during the last decades and several of their fungal targets have been identified to date. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of well-characterized antifungal plant defensins, including RsAFP2, MsDef1, MtDef4, NaD1 and Psd1, and points out the variety by which antifungal plant defensins affect microbial cell viability. Furthermore, this review summarizes production routes for plant defensins, either via heterologous expression or chemical synthesis. As plant defensins are generally considered non-toxic for plant and mammalian cells, they are regarded as attractive candidates for further development into novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Vriens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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