1
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Ma YX, Pu ZF, Liu JZ, Li CH, Li RS, Ling J, Cao Q. A pH-regulated fluorescence covalent organic framework for quantitative water content detection in methanol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124140. [PMID: 38479229 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed and synthesized a two-dimensional fluorescent covalent organic framework (TAPB-DMTP-COF) for the precise determination of H2O content in methanol. The COF was synthesized using two typical monomers by grinding method, which significantly reduced the synthesis time. By adjusting the pH value of the COF suspension to 4.0, the portion of the COF material structure is disrupted, thereby mitigating π-π stacking and resolving the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect. Consequently, the non-fluorescent TAPB-DMTP-COF exhibited blue-purple fluorescence emission in methanol. At the same time, it is observed that in the presence of H2O, there is a red shift in the maximum fluorescence emission peak of TAPB-DMTP-COF, which correlates with the H2O content within a specific range. Notably, this redshift demonstrates a linear relationship with H2O content from 4% to 80% in methanol. Our work presents novel insights for efficient analysis and detection of H2O content in methanol and could be used for H2O detection in other organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-Fen Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rong Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qiue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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2
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Fu GE, Yang H, Zhao W, Samorì P, Zhang T. 2D Conjugated Polymer Thin Films for Organic Electronics: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311541. [PMID: 38551322 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated polymers (2DCPs) possess extended in-plane π-conjugated lattice and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which results in enhanced electronic performance and potentially unique band structures. These properties, along with predesignability, well-defined channels, easy postmodification, and order structure attract extensive attention from material science to organic electronics. In this review, the recent advance in the interfacial synthesis and conductivity tuning strategies of 2DCP thin films, as well as their application in organic electronics is summarized. Furthermore, it is shown that, by combining topology structure design and targeted conductivity adjustment, researchers have fabricated 2DCP thin films with predesigned active groups, highly ordered structures, and enhanced conductivity. These films exhibit great potential for various thin-film organic electronics, such as organic transistors, memristors, electrochromism, chemiresistors, and photodetectors. Finally, the future research directions and perspectives of 2DCPs are discussed in terms of the interfacial synthetic design and structure engineering for the fabrication of fully conjugated 2DCP thin films, as well as the functional manipulation of conductivity to advance their applications in future organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-En Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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3
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Sajid H. Effect of interlayer slipping on the geometric, thermal and adsorption properties of 2D covalent organic frameworks: a comprehensive review based on computational modelling studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8577-8603. [PMID: 38421236 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers, consisting of 2D-planar sheets stacked together perpendicularly via noncovalent forces. Since their discovery, 2D-COFs have attracted extensive attention for optoelectronic and adsorption applications. Owing to the layer stacking nature of 2D COFs, various new slipped structures that are energetically favourable can be designed. These interlayer slipped structures are actively responsible for tuning (mostly enhancing) the optoelectronic properties, thermal properties, and mechanical strength of 2D COFs. This review summarizes the effect of interlayer slipping on the energetic stability, electronic behaviour and gas adsorption properties of 2D layered COFs, which is explained through computational modelling simulations. Since computational modelling offers a deep insight into electronic behaviour at the atomic scale, which is potentially impossible through experimental techniques, the introduction and role of computational techniques in such studies have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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4
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Zhao Y, Feng K, Yu Y. A Review on Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Interface Layers for Li and Zn Metal Anodes in Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308087. [PMID: 38063856 PMCID: PMC10870086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Li and Zn metals are considered promising negative electrode materials for the next generation of rechargeable metal batteries because of their non-toxicity and high theoretical capacity. However, the uneven deposition of metal ions (Li+ , Zn2+ ) and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites result in poor electrochemical stability, unsatisfactory cycle life, and rapid capacity decay of batteries assembled with Li and Zn electrodes. Owing to the unique internal directional channels and abundant redox active sites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they can be used to promote uniform deposition of metal ions during stripping/electroplating through interface modification strategies, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth. COFs provide a new perspective in addressing the challenges faced by the anodes of Li metal batteries and Zn ion batteries. This article discusses the stability and types of COFs, and summarizes some novel COF synthesis methods. Additionally, it reviews the latest progress and optimization methods of using COFs for metal anodes to improve battery performance. Finally, the main challenges faced in these areas are discussed. This review will inspire future research on metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhao
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Kaiyong Feng
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
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5
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Yan Q, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Crystalline, Porous Helicene Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316092. [PMID: 38029378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are a class of fascinating chiral helical molecules with rich chemistry developed continuously over the past 100 years. Their helical, conjugated, and twisted structures make them attractive for constructing molecular systems. However, studies over the past century are mainly focused on synthesizing helicenes with increased numbers of aromatic rings and complex heterostructures, while research on inorganic, organic, and polymeric helicene materials is still embryonic. Herein, we report the first examples of helicene covalent organic frameworks, i.e., [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1, by condensing [7]Helicene dialdehyde with trimethyl triazine via the C=C bond formation reaction under solvothermal conditions. The resultant [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 exhibits prominent X-ray diffraction peaks and assumes a highly ordered 2D lattice structure originated from the twisted configuration of [7]Helicene unit. The C=C linked [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 materials exhibited extended π conjugation and broadly tuned their absorption, emission, redox activity, photoconductivity, and light-emitting activity, demonstrating rich multifunctionalities and great potentials in developing various applications. This work opens a way to a new family of COFs as well as helicene materials, enabling the exploration of unprecedented π architectures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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6
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Shahzad U, Marwani HM, Saeed M, Asiri AM, Repon MR, Althomali RH, Rahman MM. Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent-Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300285. [PMID: 37986206 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new class of highly crystalline advanced permeable materials covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered a great deal of attention thanks to their remarkable properties, such as their large surface area, highly ordered pores and channels, and controllable crystalline structures. The lower physical stability and electrical conductivity, however, prevent them from being widely used in applications like photocatalytic activities and innovative energy storage and conversion devices. For this reason, many studies have focused on finding ways to improve upon these interesting materials while also minimizing their drawbacks. This review article begins with a brief introduction to the history and major milestones of COFs development before moving on to a comprehensive exploration of the various synthesis methods and recent successes and signposts of their potential applications in carbon dioxide (CO2 ) sequestration, supercapacitors (SCs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and hydrogen production (H2 -energy). In conclusion, the difficulties and potential of future developing with highly efficient COFs ideas for photocatalytic as well as electrochemical energy storage applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų 56, LT-51424, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos g. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Paz R, Viltres H, Gupta NK, Phung V, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR, Leyva C. Covalent organic frameworks as highly versatile materials for the removal and electrochemical sensing of organic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140145. [PMID: 37714485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of persistent organic compounds in water has become a worldwide issue due to its resistance to natural degradation, inducing its environmental resilience. Therefore, the accumulation in water bodies, soils, and humans produces toxic effects. Also, low levels of organic pollutants can lead to serious human health issues, such as cancer, chronic diseases, thyroid complications, immune system suppression, etc. Therefore, developing efficient and economically viable remediation strategies motivates researchers to delve into novel domains within material science. Moreover, finding approaches to detect pollutants in drinking water systems is vital for safeguarding water safety and security. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are valuable materials constructed through strong covalent interactions between blocked monomers. These materials have tremendous potential in removing and detecting persistent organic pollutants due to their high adsorption capacity, large surface area, tunable porosity, porous structure, and recyclability. This review discusses various synthesis routes for constructing non-functionalized and functionalized COFs and their application in the remediation and electrochemical sensing of persistent organic compounds from contaminated water sources. The development of COF-based materials has some major challenges that need to be addressed for their suitability in the industrial configuration. This review also aims to highlight the importance of COFs in the environmental remediation application with detailed scrutiny of their challenges and outcomes in the current research scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Paz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, LNAgua, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Herlys Viltres
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nishesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environmental Research, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Vivian Phung
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carolina Leyva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, LNAgua, 11500, CDMX, Mexico.
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8
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Shah R, Ali S, Raziq F, Ali S, Ismail PM, Shah S, Iqbal R, Wu X, He W, Zu X, Zada A, Adnan, Mabood F, Vinu A, Jhung SH, Yi J, Qiao L. Exploration of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks for energy-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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10
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Zhang X, Geng K, Jiang D, Scholes GD. Exciton Diffusion and Annihilation in an sp 2 Carbon-Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16423-16432. [PMID: 35998305 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To optimize the optical and optoelectronic functionalities of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), detailed properties of emissive and nonradiative pathways after photoexcitation need to be elucidated and linked to particular structural designs. Here, we use transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to study the colloidal suspension of the full sp2 carbon-conjugated sp2c-COF and characterize the spatial extent and diffusion dynamics of the emissive excitons generated by impulsive photoexcitation. The ∼3.5 Å stacking distance between 2D layers results in cofacial pyrene excitons that diffuse through the framework, while the state that dominates the emissive spectrum of the polycrystalline solid is assigned to an extended cofacial exciton whose 2D delocalization is promoted by C═C linkages. The subnanosecond kinetics of a photoinduced absorption (PIA) signal in the near-infrared, attributed to a charge-separated exciton, or polaron pair, reflects three-dimensional (3D) exciton diffusion as well as long-range exciton-exciton annihilation driven by resonance interactions. Within our experimental regime, doubling the excitation intensity results in a 10-fold increase in the estimated exciton diffusion length, from ∼3 to ∼30 nm, suggesting that higher lattice temperature may enhance exciton mobility in the COF colloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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11
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De Bolòs E, Martínez-Abadía M, Hernández-Culebras F, Haymaker A, Swain K, Strutyński K, Weare BL, Castells-Gil J, Padial NM, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Nannenga BL, Mateo-Alonso A. A Crystalline 1D Dynamic Covalent Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15443-15450. [PMID: 35993775 PMCID: PMC9446889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of crystalline one-dimensional polymers provides a fundamental understanding about the structure-property relationship in polymeric materials and allows the preparation of materials with enhanced thermal, mechanical, and conducting properties. However, the synthesis of crystalline one-dimensional polymers remains a challenge because polymers tend to adopt amorphous or semicrystalline phases. Herein, we report the synthesis of a crystalline one-dimensional polymer in solution by dynamic covalent chemistry. The structure of the polymer has been unambiguously confirmed by microcrystal electron diffraction that together with charge transport studies and theoretical calculations show how the π-stacked chains of the polymer generate optimal channels for charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet De Bolòs
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández-Culebras
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Alison Haymaker
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kyle Swain
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Benjamin L Weare
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Castells-Gil
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Natalia M Padial
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Brent L Nannenga
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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12
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Zhu Y, Weng W, Zhou T, Lin Z, Ding N, Maitarad P, Wang C, Guo J. Iodine-doped covalent organic frameworks with coaxially stacked cruciform anthracenes for high Hall mobility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6606-6609. [PMID: 35583227 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cruciform anthracene building blocks are designed to construct an electroactive two-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF). Upon doping with iodine, cationic radicals are produced on the COF to exhibit structure-enhanced charge transfer properties with a low activation energy (0.13 eV) and a high Hall mobility (10.5 cm2 V-1 s-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Weijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Phornphimon Maitarad
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
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13
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Vicent-Morales M, Esteve-Rochina M, Calbo J, Ortí E, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Mínguez Espallargas G. Semiconductor Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks Based on Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9074-9082. [PMID: 35575688 PMCID: PMC9136926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report
on the use of tetrathiavulvalene-tetrabenzoic
acid, H4TTFTB, to engender semiconductivity in porous hydrogen-bonded
organic frameworks (HOFs). By tuning the synthetic conditions, three
different polymorphs have been obtained, denoted MUV-20a, MUV-20b, and MUV-21, all of them presenting
open structures (22, 15, and 27%, respectively) and suitable TTF stacking
for efficient orbital overlap. Whereas MUV-21 collapses
during the activation process, MUV-20a and MUV-20b offer high stability evacuation, with a CO2 sorption
capacity of 1.91 and 1.71 mmol g–1, respectively,
at 10 °C and 6 bar. Interestingly, both MUV-20a and MUV-20b present a zwitterionic character with a positively
charged TTF core and a negatively charged carboxylate group. First-principles
calculations predict the emergence of remarkable charge transport
by means of a through-space hopping mechanism fostered by an efficient
TTF π–π stacking and the spontaneous formation
of persistent charge carriers in the form of radical TTF•+ units. Transport measurements confirm the efficient charge transport
in zwitterionic MUV-20a and MUV-20b with
no need for postsynthetic treatment (e.g., electrochemical oxidation
or doping), demonstrating the semiconductor nature of these HOFs with
record experimental conductivities of 6.07 × 10–7 (MUV-20a) and 1.35 × 10–6 S
cm–1 (MUV-20b).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vicent-Morales
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - María Esteve-Rochina
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
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14
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Ke SW, Wang Y, Su J, Liao K, Lv S, Song X, Ma T, Yuan S, Jin Z, Zuo JL. Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks with Nickel-Bis(dithiolene) Units as Guiding Layers for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8267-8277. [PMID: 35484687 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combining the chemistry of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can bring new opportunities for the design of advanced materials with enhanced tunability and functionality. Herein, we constructed two COFs based on Ni-bis(dithiolene) units and imine bonds, representing a bridge between traditional MOFs and COFs. The Ni-bis(dithiolene)tetrabenzaldehyde as the 4-connected linker was initially synthesized, which was further linked by 4-connected tetra(aminophenyl)pyrene (TAP) or 3-connected tris(aminophenyl)amine (TAA) linkers into two COFs, namely, Ni-TAP and Ni-TAA. Ni-TAP shows a two-dimensional sql network, while TAA is a twofold interpenetrated framework with an ffc topology. They both exhibit a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (324 and 689 m2 g-1 for Ni-TAP and Ni-TAA, respectively), a fairly good conductivity (1.57 × 10-6 and 9.75 × 10-5 S m-1 for Ni-TAP and Ni-TAA, respectively), and high chemical stability (a stable pH window of 1-14 for Ni-TAA). When applied in lithium metal batteries as an intermediate layer for guiding the uniform Li electrodeposition, Ni-TAP and Ni-TAA displayed impressive lithiophilicity and high Li-ion conductivity, enabling the achievement of smooth and dense Li deposition with a clear columnar morphology and stable Li plating/stripping behaviors with high Li utilization, which is anticipated to pave the way to upgrade Li metal anodes for application in high-energy-density battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yaoda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Kang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xinmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tianrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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15
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16
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Yang C, Wu J, Hu W. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks: From Synthetic Strategies to Advanced Optical-Electrical-Magnetic Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2102290. [PMID: 35052010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), an emerging class of organic crystalline polymers with highly oriented structures and permanent porosity, can adopt 2D or 3D architectures depending on the different topological diagrams of the monomers. Notably, 2D COFs have particularly gained much attention due to the extraordinary merits of their extended in-plane π-conjugation and topologically ordered columnar π-arrays. These properties together with high crystallinity, large surface area, and tunable porosity distinguish 2D COFs as an ideal candidate for the fabrication of functional materials. Herein, this review surveys the recent research advances in 2D COFs with special emphasis on the preparation of 2D COF powders, single crystals, and thin films, as well as their advanced optical, electrical, and magnetic functionalities. Some challenging issues and potential research outlook for 2D COFs are also provided for promoting their development in terms of structure, synthesis, and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyong Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yating Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chenhuai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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17
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Li R, Xing G, Li H, Li S, Chen L. A three-dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon based covalent organic framework doped with iodine for electrical conduction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Xing G, Zheng W, Gao L, Zhang T, Wu X, Fu S, Song X, Zhao Z, Osella S, Martínez-Abadía M, Wang HI, Cai J, Mateo-Alonso A, Chen L. Nonplanar Rhombus and Kagome 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Distorted Aromatics for Electrical Conduction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5042-5050. [PMID: 35189061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of promising 2D materials with high crystallinity and tunable structures. However, the low electrical conductivity impedes their applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Integrating large π-conjugated building blocks into 2D lattices to enhance efficient π-stacking and chemical doping is an effective way to improve the conductivity of 2D COFs. Herein, two nonplanar 2D COFs with kagome (DHP-COF) and rhombus (c-HBC-COF) lattices have been designed and synthesized from distorted aromatics with different π-conjugated structures (flexible and rigid structure, respectively). DHP-COF shows a highly distorted 2D lattice that hampers stacking, consequently limiting its charge carrier transport properties. Conversely, c-HBC-COF, with distorted although concave-convex self-complementary nodes, shows a less distorted 2D lattice that does not interfere with interlayer π-stacking. Employing time- and frequency-resolved terahertz spectroscopy, we unveil a high charge-carrier mobility up to 44 cm2 V-1 s-1, among the highest reported for 2D COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Gao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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19
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Hu W, Chen N, Chen D, Tong B. Conjugated Tetrathiafulvalene Carboxylates for Stable Organic Lithium Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Hu
- Fuzhou University - Yishan Campus: Fuzhou University Deparment of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Nanjie Chen
- Fuzhou University - Yishan Campus: Fuzhou University Department of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Fuzhou University - Yishan Campus: Fuzhou University Materials Science and Engineering 2 Xueyuan Road, ShangjieMinhou 350116 Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Bihai Tong
- Anhui University of Technology Department of Metallurgy Engineering CHINA
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20
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Zhang JL, Yao LY, Yang Y, Liang WB, Yuan R, Xiao DR. Conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks with Conductivity- and Pre-Reduction-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence for Ultrasensitive Biosensor Construction. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3685-3692. [PMID: 35156809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted widespread attention in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field owing to their high load capacity of ECL luminophores and porous structures, but their ECL performance is still limited by the intrinsic poor conductivity (generally <10-8 S m-1). To address this shortcoming, we used 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene (HATP) and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) to synthesize a conductive COF (HHTP-HATP-COF, conductivity = 3.11 × 10-4 S m-1). Compared with HATP, HHTP, and low-conductive HHTP-DABZ-COF, HHTP-HATP-COF exhibited superior ECL performance, not only because HHTP-HATP-COF possessed massive ECL luminophores but also because its conductive porous framework accelerated charge transport in the whole framework and improved the utilization ratio of ECL luminophores. More interestingly, the ECL intensity of the HHTP-HATP-COF/S2O82- system was further improved after pre-reduction electrolysis due to the accumulation of HHTP-HATP-COF cation radicals. The experimental results showed that the ECL intensity of the HHTP-HATP-COF/S2O82- system after pre-reduction was about 1.64-, 3.96-, 6.88-, and 8.09-fold higher than those of HHTP-HATP-COF/S2O82-, HHTP-DABZ-COF/S2O82-, HHTP/S2O82-, and HATP/S2O82- systems, respectively. Considering the superior ECL property of the HHTP-HATP-COF/S2O82- system after pre-reduction, it was used as a high-efficient ECL beacon together with an aptamer/protein proximity binding-induced three-dimensional bipedal DNA walker to construct an ultrasensitive biosensor for thrombin detection, which displayed broad linearity (100 aM to 1 nM) with a detection limit of 62.1 aM. Overall, the work offered effective ways to increase ECL performance by the enhancement of conductivity and by the pre-reduction, proposing new ideas to design high-efficiency COF-based ECL materials and endowing conductive COFs with ECL biosensor application for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Yao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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21
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22
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Bhandari P, Mondal B, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. Face‐Directed Tetrahedral Organic Cage Anchored Palladium Nanoparticles for Selective Homocoupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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23
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90‐Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham UK
| | - Belén Lerma‐Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Carlos Martí‐Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València Paterna 46980 València Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48009 Bilbao Spain
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24
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Yang Y, Börjesson K. Electroactive covalent organic frameworks: a new choice for organic electronics. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Chen D, Chen W, Zhang G, Li S, Chen W, Xing G, Chen L. N-Rich 2D Heptazine Covalent Organic Frameworks as Efficient Metal-Free Photocatalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolong Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Tang J, Su C, Shao Z. Covalent Organic Framework (COF)-Based Hybrids for Electrocatalysis: Recent Advances and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100945. [PMID: 34928017 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and environment purification has long been a research priority in the past 15 years. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a burgeoning family of organic materials internally connected by covalent bonds and have been explored as promising candidates in electrocatalysis. The reticular geometry of COFs can provide an excellent platform for precise incorporation of the active sites in the framework, and the fine-tuning hierarchical porous architectures can enable efficient accessibility of the active sites and mass transportation. Considerable advances are made in rational design and controllable fabrication of COF-based organic-inorganic hybrids, that containing organic frameworks and inorganic electroactive species to induce novel physicochemical properties, and take advantage of the synergistic effect for targeted electrocatalysis with the hybrid system. Branches of COF-based hybrids containing a diversity form of metals, metal compounds, as well as metal-free carbons have come to the fore as highly promising electrocatalysts. This review aims to provide a systematic and profound understanding of the design principles behind the COF-based hybrids for electrocatalysis applications. Particularly, the structure-activity relationship and the synergistic effects in the COF-based hybrid systems are discussed to shed some light on the future design of next-generation electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tang
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA6102, Australia
| | - Chao Su
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA6102, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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27
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Riaño A, Strutyński K, Liu M, Stoppiello CT, Lerma-Berlanga B, Saeki A, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Valenti G, Paolucci F, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. An Expanded 2D Fused Aromatic Network with 90-Ring Hexagons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113657. [PMID: 34748268 PMCID: PMC9300145 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional fused aromatic networks (2D FANs) have emerged as a highly versatile alternative to holey graphene. The synthesis of 2D FANs with increasingly larger lattice dimensions will enable new application perspectives. However, the synthesis of larger analogues is mostly limited by lack of appropriate monomers and methods. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterisation and properties of an expanded 2D FAN with 90-ring hexagons, which exceed the largest 2D FAN lattices reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Riaño
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Meng Liu
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Craig T Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.,Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Belén Lerma-Berlanga
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Carlos Martí-Gastaldo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Paterna, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
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Yang Y, Mallick S, Izquierdo-Ruiz F, Schäfer C, Xing X, Rahm M, Börjesson K. A Highly Conductive All-Carbon Linked 3D Covalent Organic Framework Film. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103152. [PMID: 34494364 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here an all-carbon linked 3D covalent organic framework (COF) is introduced by employing a templated surface reaction in a continuous flow (TSRCF). The presented method of synthesis provides spatial control over the reaction chemistry and allows for the creation of ultrasmooth COF films of desired thickness and significant crystallinity. The films show high electrical conductivity (≈3.4 S m-1 ) after being doped with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), setting a new record for 3D COF materials. The concurrence of 3D nanosized channels and high conductivity opens up for a number of hitherto unexplored applications for this class of materials, such as high surface area electrodes, electrochemical transistors, and for electronic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Suman Mallick
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Fernando Izquierdo-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Clara Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Xing Xing
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
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30
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Covalent organic frameworks for fluorescent sensing: Recent developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Bian G, Yin J, Zhu J. Recent Advances on Conductive 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006043. [PMID: 33624949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a burgeoning family of crystalline porous copolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) allow precise atomic insertion of organic components in the topology construction to form periodic networks and ordered nanopores. Their 2D networks bear great similarities to graphene analogs, and therefore are essential additions to the 2D family. Here, the electronic properties of conductive 2D-COFs are reviewed and their bonding strategies and structural characteristics are examined in detail. The controlling approaches toward the morphologies of conductive 2D-COFs are further explored, followed by a discussion of their applications in field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Finally, research challenges and forthcoming developments are projected. The resulting survey reveals that the extended porous 2D organic networks with conductive properties will provide great opportunities and essential innovations in various electronics and energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Bian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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32
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Unraveling the effect of defects, domain size, and chemical doping on photophysics and charge transport in covalent organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8373-8384. [PMID: 34221318 PMCID: PMC8221171 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the underlying physical mechanisms that govern charge transport in two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) will facilitate the development of novel COF-based devices for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. In this context, the low-energy mid-infrared absorption contains valuable information about the structure-property relationships and the extent of intra- and inter-framework "hole" polaron delocalization in doped and undoped polymeric materials. In this study, we provide a quantitative characterization of the intricate interplay between electronic defects, domain sizes, pore volumes, chemical dopants, and three dimensional anisotropic charge migration in 2D COFs. We compare our simulations with recent experiments on doped COF films and establish the correlations between polaron coherence, conductivity, and transport signatures. By obtaining the first quantitative agreement with the measured absorption spectra of iodine doped (aza)triangulene-based COF, we highlight the fundamental differences between the underlying microstructure, spectral signatures, and transport physics of polymers and COFs. Our findings provide conclusive evidence of why iodine doped COFs exhibit lower conductivity compared to doped polythiophenes. Finally, we propose new research directions to address existing limitations and improve charge transport in COFs for applications in functional molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA
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33
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Ren X, Liao G, Li Z, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wang B, Tan H, Shi L, Qi X, Zhang H. Two-dimensional MOF and COF nanosheets for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Molecular Platform for Designer Polymeric Architectures and Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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35
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Martínez-Abadía M, Strutyński K, Stoppiello CT, Lerma Berlanga B, Martí-Gastaldo C, Khlobystov AN, Saeki A, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Understanding charge transport in wavy 2D covalent organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6829-6833. [PMID: 33620062 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding charge transport in 2D covalent organic frameworks is crucial to increase their performance. Herein a new wavy 2D covalent organic framework has been designed, synthesized and studied to shine light on the structural factors that dominate charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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36
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Martínez‐Abadía M, Strutyński K, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Stoppiello CT, Khlobystov AN, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Saeki A, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. π‐Interpenetrated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Distorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez‐Abadía
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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37
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Martínez‐Abadía M, Strutyński K, Lerma‐Berlanga B, Stoppiello CT, Khlobystov AN, Martí‐Gastaldo C, Saeki A, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. π‐Interpenetrated 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Distorted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9941-9946. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez‐Abadía
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Craig T. Stoppiello
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- The Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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38
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Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie S, He T, Lu Z, Yang H, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:120-242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.
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39
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Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed from molecular building blocks using diverse linkage chemistries. The image illustrates electron transfer in a COF-based donor–acceptor system. Image by Nanosystems Initiative Munich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)
- University of Munich (LMU)
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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40
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Yusran Y, Fang Q, Valtchev V. Electroactive Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002038. [PMID: 32638452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with tailorable compositions, porosities, functionalities, and intrinsic chemical stability. The incorporation of electroactive moieties in the structure transforms COFs into electroactive materials with great potential for energy-related applications. Herein, the recent advances in the design and use of electroactive COFs as capacitors, batteries, conductors, fuel cells, water-splitting, and electrocatalysis are addressed. Their remarkable performance is discussed and compared with other porous materials; hence, perspectives in the development of electroactive COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusran Yusran
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266101, China
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Caen, 14000, France
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41
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42
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Martínez-Abadía M, Mateo-Alonso A. Structural Approaches to Control Interlayer Interactions in 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002366. [PMID: 32864762 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to design and synthesize monomers can affect fundamental aspects in 2D covalent organic frameworks, such as dimensionality, topology, and pore size. Besides this, the structure of the monomers can also affect interlayer interactions, which provide an additional means to influence crystallinity, layer arrangement, interlayer distances, and exfoliability. Herein, some of the effects that the structure of monomers can have on the interlayer interactions in 2D covalent organic frameworks and related materials are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez-Abadía
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, E-20018, Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian, E-20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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43
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Yorimitsu H, Yoshimura A, Misaki Y. Catalytic C–H Arylation of Tetrathiafulvalenes for the Synthesis of Functional Materials. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSulfur-containing functional π-conjugated cores play key roles in materials science, mostly due to their unique electrochemical and photophysical properties. Among these, the excellent electron donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) has occupied a central position since the emergence of organic electronics. Peripheral C–H modification of this highly useful sulfur-containing motif has resulted in the efficient creation of new molecules that expand the applications of TTFs. This Short Review begins with the development of the palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of TTF. Subsequently, it summarizes the applications of this efficient C–H transformation for the straightforward synthesis of useful TTF derivatives that are employed in a variety of research fields, demonstrating that the development of a new reaction can have a significant impact on chemical science.1 Introduction2 Development of the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C–H Arylation of TTF3 Synthesis of TTF-Based Tetrabenzoic Acid and Tetrapyridine for MOFs4 Synthesis of TTF-Based Tetrabenzaldehyde and Tetraaniline for COFs5 Tetraarylation of TTFAQ6 Synthesis of Multistage-Redox TTF Derivatives7 Miscellaneous Examples8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials
- Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors
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44
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Xu X, Wang S, Yue Y, Huang N. Semiconductive Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Sensitive Near-Infrared Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37427-37434. [PMID: 32538078 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A porphyrin-based two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) was developed by a C4 + C4 topological diagram. It was constructed by the condensation of zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and zinc 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-formylphenyl)porphyrin (TFPP) under typical solvothermal conditions, leading to the formation of a porphyrin-based TAPP-TFPP-COF with tetragonal micropores at a size of 1.8 nm. The resultant crystalline framework exhibited high crystallinity, excellent stability, and good porosity. Resulting from the specific π-unit stacking columnar structure and excellent organic semiconducting property of porphyrins, the TAPP-TFPP-COF shows many promising applications in optoelectronics. Notably, after doping with iodine, the conductivity of this TAPP-TFPP-COF can be greatly enhanced from 1.12 × 10-10 to 1.46 × 10-7 S cm-1. Furthermore, the nanometer-thick TAPP-TFPP-COF films were obtained using a liquid-air interface growth strategy. A spectroscopic detection device was constructed using COF thin films which displayed highly selective sensitivity toward the near infrared irradiation at 700 nm with an on-off ratio of up to 2.8 × 104. This value ranks as the highest among other COF-based and metal-organic-framework-based semiconducting materials under similar conditions. These results illustrated the enormous potential of 2D porphyrin COFs for future applications in optoelectronic devices and constituted an important step toward the development of new types of functional crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shizhao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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45
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Allendorf MD, Dong R, Feng X, Kaskel S, Matoga D, Stavila V. Electronic Devices Using Open Framework Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8581-8640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Allendorf
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dariusz Matoga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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46
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Souto M, Strutyński K, Melle‐Franco M, Rocha J. Electroactive Organic Building Blocks for the Chemical Design of Functional Porous Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) in Electronics. Chemistry 2020; 26:10912-10935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Souto
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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47
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Wang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tang L, Zeng G, Xu P, Chen M, Xiong T, Zhou C, Li X, Huang D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Tang J. Covalent organic framework photocatalysts: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4135-4165. [PMID: 32421139 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the light of increasing energy demand and environmental pollution, it is urgently required to find a clean and renewable energy source. In these years, photocatalysis that uses solar energy for either fuel production, such as hydrogen evolution and hydrocarbon production, or environmental pollutant degradation, has shown great potential to achieve this goal. Among the various photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are very attractive due to their excellent structural regularity, robust framework, inherent porosity and good activity. Thus, many studies have been carried out to investigate the photocatalytic performance of COFs and COF-based photocatalysts. In this critical review, the recent progress and advances of COF photocatalysts are thoroughly presented. Furthermore, diverse linkers between COF building blocks such as boron-containing connections and nitrogen-containing connections are summarised and compared. The morphologies of COFs and several commonly used strategies pertaining to photocatalytic activity are also discussed. Following this, the applications of COF-based photocatalysts are detailed including photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 conversion and degradation of environmental contaminants. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of COF and COF-based photocatalysts are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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Cai S, Sun B, Li X, Yan Y, Navarro A, Garzón-Ruiz A, Mao H, Chatterjee R, Yano J, Zhu C, Reimer JA, Zheng S, Fan J, Zhang W, Liu Y. Reversible Interlayer Sliding and Conductivity Changes in Adaptive Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19054-19061. [PMID: 32212629 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ordered interlayer stacking is intrinsic in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) and has strong implications on COF's optoelectronic properties. Reversible interlayer sliding, corresponding to shearing of 2D layers along their basal plane, is an appealing dynamic control of both structures and properties, yet it remains unexplored in the 2D COF field. Herein, we demonstrate that the reversible interlayer sliding can be realized in an imine-linked tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based COF TTF-DMTA. The solvent treatment induces crystalline phase changes between the proposed staircase-like sql net structure and a slightly slipped eclipsed sql net structure. The solvation-induced crystallinity changes correlate well with reversible spectroscopic and electrical conductivity changes as demonstrated in oriented COF thin films. In contrast, no reversible switching is observed in a related TTF-TA COF, which differs from TTF-DMTA in terms of the absence of methoxy groups on the phenylene linkers. This work represents the first 2D COF example of which eclipsed and staircase-like aggregated states are interchangeably accessed via interlayer sliding, an uncharted structural feature that may enable applications such as chemiresistive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songliang Cai
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bing Sun
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xinle Li
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yilun Yan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cronista Francisco Ballesteros Gómez, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shengrun Zheng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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49
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Efficient electron transmission in covalent organic framework nanosheets for highly active electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 31980641 PMCID: PMC6981265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added products is essential for clean energy research. Design of stable, selective, and powerful electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is highly desirable yet largely unmet. In this work, a series of metalloporphyrin-tetrathiafulvalene based covalent organic frameworks (M-TTCOFs) are designed. Tetrathiafulvalene, serving as electron donator or carrier, can construct an oriented electron transmission pathway with metalloporphyrin. Thus-obtained M-TTCOFs can serve as electrocatalysts with high FECO (91.3%, −0.7 V) and possess high cycling stability (>40 h). In addition, after exfoliation, the FECO value of Co-TTCOF nanosheets (~5 nm) is higher than 90% in a wide potential range from −0.6 to −0.9 V and the maximum FECO can reach up to almost 100% (99.7%, −0.8 V). The electrocatalytic CO2RR mechanisms are discussed and revealed by density functional theory calculations. This work paves a new way in exploring porous crystalline materials in electrocatalytic CO2RR. The study of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has drawn much attention. Here the authors show a series of tetrathiafulvalene based COFs designed and exfoliated into nanosheets which exhibit high electrocatalytic CO2RR performance.
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Geng K, He T, Liu R, Dalapati S, Tan KT, Li Z, Tao S, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8814-8933. [PMID: 31967791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1218] [Impact Index Per Article: 304.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant feature of COFs is that they are structurally predesignable, synthetically controllable, and functionally manageable. In principle, the topological design diagram offers geometric guidance for the structural tiling of extended porous polygons, and the polycondensation reactions provide synthetic ways to construct the predesigned primary and high-order structures. Progress over the past decade in the chemistry of these two aspects undoubtedly established the base of the COF field. By virtue of the availability of organic units and the diversity of topologies and linkages, COFs have emerged as a new field of organic materials that offer a powerful molecular platform for complex structural design and tailor-made functional development. Here we target a comprehensive review of the COF field, provide a historic overview of the chemistry of the COF field, survey the advances in the topology design and synthetic reactions, illustrate the structural features and diversities, scrutinize the development and potential of various functions through elucidating structure-function correlations based on interactions with photons, electrons, holes, spins, ions, and molecules, discuss the key fundamental and challenging issues that need to be addressed, and predict the future directions from chemistry, physics, and materials perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Field of Environment and Energy, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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