1
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Elter JK, Liščáková V, Moravec O, Vragović M, Filipová M, Štěpánek P, Šácha P, Hrubý M. Solid-Phase Synthesis as a Tool to Create Exactly Defined, Branched Polymer Vectors for Cell Membrane Targeting. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1050-1071. [PMID: 38370914 PMCID: PMC10867888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Modern drug formulations often require, besides the active drug molecule, auxiliaries to enhance their pharmacological properties. Tailor-made, biocompatible polymers covalently connected to the drug molecule can fulfill this function by increasing its solubility, reducing its toxicity, and guiding it to a specific target. If targeting membrane-bound proteins, localization of the drug close to the cell membrane and its target is beneficial to increase drug efficiency and residence time. In this study, we present the synthesis of highly defined, branched polymeric structures with membrane-binding properties. One to three hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(2-ethyloxazoline) side chains were connected via a peptoid backbone using a two-step iterative protocol for solid-phase peptoid synthesis. Additional groups, e.g., a hydrophobic anchor for membrane attachment, were introduced. Due to the nature of solid-phase synthesis, the number and order of the side chains and additional units can be precisely defined. The method proved to be versatile for the generation of multifunctional, branched polymeric structures of molecular weights up to approximately 7000 g mol-1. The behavior of all compounds towards biological membranes and cells was investigated using liposomes as cell membrane models, HEK293 and U251-MG cell lines, and red blood cells, thereby demonstrating their potential value as drug auxiliaries with cell membrane affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K. Elter
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Liščáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- First
Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
Kateřinská, 1660/32, 121 08, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Moravec
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vragović
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Filipová
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAS Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS Heyrovského
nám. 2, 162 06, Praha 6, Czech Republic
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2
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Matern J, Fernández Z, Bäumer N, Fernández G. Expanding the Scope of Metastable Species in Hydrogen Bonding‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203783. [PMID: 35362184 PMCID: PMC9321731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reveal unique hydrogen (H‐) bonding patterns and exploit them to control the kinetics, pathways and length of supramolecular polymers (SPs). New bisamide‐containing monomers were designed to elucidate the role of competing intra‐ vs. intermolecular H‐bonding interactions on the kinetics of supramolecular polymerization (SP). Remarkably, two polymerization‐inactive metastable states were discovered. Contrary to previous examples, the commonly assumed intramolecularly H‐bonded monomer does not evolve into intermolecularly H‐bonded SPs via ring opening, but rather forms a metastable dimer. In this dimer, all H‐bonding sites are saturated, either intra‐ or intermolecularly, hampering elongation. The dimers exhibit an advantageous preorganization, which upon opening of the intramolecular portion of the H‐bonding motif facilitates SP in a consecutive process. The retardation of spontaneous self‐assembly as a result of two metastable states enables length control in SP by seed‐mediated growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Zulema Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Matern J, Fernandez Z, Bäumer N, Fernandez G. Expanding the Scope of Metastable Species in Hydrogen Bonding‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Matern
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Zulema Fernandez
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Nils Bäumer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Gustavo Fernandez
- WWU Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Correnstraße, 4ß 48149 Münster GERMANY
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4
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Mushtaq I, Akhter Z, Farooq M, Jabeen F, Rehman AU, Rehman S, Ayub S, Mirza B, Siddiq M, Zaman F. A unique amphiphilic triblock copolymer, nontoxic to human blood and potential supramolecular drug delivery system for dexamethasone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21507. [PMID: 34728694 PMCID: PMC8563740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug delivery system (DDS) often causes toxicity, triggering undesired cellular injuries. Thus, developing supramolecules used as DDS with tunable self-assembly and nontoxic behavior is highly desired. To address this, we aimed to develop a tunable amphiphilic ABA-type triblock copolymer that is nontoxic to human blood cells but also capable of self-assembling, binding and releasing the clinically used drug dexamethasone. We synthesized an ABA-type amphiphilic triblock copolymer (P2L) by incorporating tetra(aniline) TANI as a hydrophobic and redox active segment along with monomethoxy end-capped polyethylene glycol (mPEG2k; Mw = 2000 g mol-1) as biocompatible, flexible and hydrophilic part. Cell cytotoxicity was measured in whole human blood in vitro and lung cancer cells. Polymer-drug interactions were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and computational analysis. Our synthesized copolymer P2L exhibited tuned self-assembly behavior with and without external stimuli and showed no toxicity in human blood samples. Computational analysis showed that P2L can encapsulate the clinically used drug dexamethasone and that drug uptake or release can also be triggered under oxidation or low pH conditions. In conclusion, copolymer P2L is nontoxic to human blood cells with the potential to carry and release anticancer/anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. These findings may open up further investigations into implantable drug delivery systems/devices with precise drug administration and controlled release at specific locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irrum Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farukh Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sadia Rehman
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Ayub
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siddiq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Bioclinicum J9:30, SE-171 74, Solna, Sweden.
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5
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From Oligo(Phenyleneethynylene) Monomers to Supramolecular Helices: The Role of Intermolecular Interactions in Aggregation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123530. [PMID: 34207858 PMCID: PMC8228480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular helices that arise from the self-assembly of small organic molecules via non-covalent interactions play an important role in the structure and properties of the corresponding materials. Here we study the supramolecular helical aggregation of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) monomers from a theoretical point of view, always guiding the studies with experimentally available data. In this way, by systematically increasing the number of monomer units, optimized n-mer geometries are obtained along with the corresponding absorption and circular dichroism spectra. For the geometry optimizations we use density functional theory together with the B3LYP-D3 functional and the 6–31G** basis set. For obtaining the spectra we resort to time-dependent density functional theory using the CAM-B3LYP functional and the 3–21G basis set. These combinations of density functional and basis set were selected after systematic convergence studies. The theoretical results are analyzed and compared to the experimentally available spectra, observing a good agreement.
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6
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Fernández Z, Fernández B, Quiñoá E, Freire F. The Competitive Aggregation Pathway of an Asymmetric Chiral Oligo(
p
‐phenyleneethynylene) Towards the Formation of Individual
P
and
M
Supramolecular Helical Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Berta Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Emilio Quiñoá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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7
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Fernández Z, Fernández B, Quiñoá E, Freire F. The Competitive Aggregation Pathway of an Asymmetric Chiral Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) Towards the Formation of Individual P and M Supramolecular Helical Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9919-9924. [PMID: 33600623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A complex aggregation pathway towards two diastereomeric P and M supramolecular helices arises from the aggregation of a short, chiral, and rigid oligo(phenyleneethynylene) [OPE, (S)-1]. Thus, while AggI aggregate is obtained when a DCM solution of (S)-1 is diluted with MCH at room temperature, AggII aggregate is generated only after a slow heating (353 K)/cooling (273 K) process. Interestingly, during AggI formation (mechanism 1), short P chain oligomers are produced, which have a great tendency to aggregate in plane, yielding brick-like nanostructures that halt the aggregation process. On the other hand, after a heating/cooling cycle, long M type columnar helical aggregates (AggII ) are obtained, formed by individual supramolecular polymer chains (mechanism 2) easily visualized by AFM. The two different P/M orientations obtained for AggI and AggII reveal the dynamic character of the system and its ability to create diastereomeric helical structures under the right conditions. Different experimental protocols were explored to prepare long M type columnar helical aggregates, which are not obtained by using the previous MCH/DCM 99/1 (v/v) solvent mixture. The generation of the desired M oriented supramolecular polymer is achieved when toluene is added to the solvent mixture in a 97/2/1 MCH/Tol/DCM (v/v/v) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Berta Fernández
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilio Quiñoá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Göppert NE, Dirauf M, Weber C, Schubert US. Block copolymers comprising degradable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) analogues via copper-free click chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00853f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis development of amphiphilic, degradable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) analogue block copolymers in a modular fashion utilizing the strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Göppert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Dirauf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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9
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Dünnebacke T, Kartha KK, Wiest JM, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Solvent-controlled E/ Z isomerization vs. [2 + 2] photocycloaddition mediated by supramolecular polymerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10405-10413. [PMID: 34094301 PMCID: PMC8162386 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Control over the photochemical outcome of photochromic molecules in solution represents a major challenge, as photoexcitation often leads to multiple competing photochemical and/or supramolecular pathways resulting in complex product mixtures. Herein, we demonstrate precise and efficient control over the photochemical behaviour of cyanostilbenes in solution using a straightforward solvent-controlled approach based on supramolecular polymerization. To this end, we designed a π-extended cyanostilbene bolaamphiphile that exhibits tuneable solvent-dependent photochemical behaviour. Photoirradiation of the system in a monomeric state (in organic solvents) exclusively leads to a highly reversible and efficient E/Z photoisomerization, whereas a nearly quantitative [2 + 2] photocycloaddition into a single cyclobutane (anti head-to-tail) occurs in aqueous solutions. These results can be rationalized by a highly regular and preorganized antiparallel J-type arrangement of the cyanostilbene units that is driven by aqueous supramolecular polymerization. The presented concept demonstrates a novel approach towards solvent-selective and environmentally friendly photochemical transformations, which is expected to broaden the scope of supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Dünnebacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kalathil K Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes M Wiest
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Rodrigo Q Albuquerque
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster Corrensstraße, 40 48149 Münster Germany
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10
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Nie J, Wang Z, Huang X, Lu G, Feng C. Uniform Continuous and Segmented Nanofibers Containing a π-Conjugated Oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) Core via “Living” Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly: Importance of Oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) Chain Length. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science & Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- School of Physical Science & Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Syamala PPN, Würthner F. Modulation of the Self-Assembly of π-Amphiphiles in Water from Enthalpy- to Entropy-Driven by Enwrapping Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 26:8426-8434. [PMID: 32364616 PMCID: PMC7384034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the connectivity of solubilizing oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains to the π-cores of amphiphilic naphthalene and perylene bisimide dyes, self-assembly in water occurs either upon heating or cooling. Herein, we show that this effect originates from differences in the enwrapping capability of the π-cores by the OEG chains. Rylene bisimides bearing phenyl substituents with three OEG chains attached directly to the hydrophobic π-cores are strongly sequestered by the OEG chains. These molecules self-assemble at elevated temperatures in an entropy-driven process according to temperature- and concentration-dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy and calorimetric dilution studies. In contrast, for rylene bisimides in which phenyl substituents with three OEG chains are attached via a methylene spacer, leading to much weaker sequestration, self-assembly originates upon cooling in an enthalpy-driven process. Our explanation for this controversial behavior is that the aggregation in the latter case is dictated by the release of "high energy water" from the hydrophobic π-surfaces as well as dispersion interactions between the π-scaffolds which drive the self-assembly in an enthalpically driven process. In contrast, for the former case we suggest that in addition to the conventional explanation of a dehydration of hydrogen-bonded water molecules from OEG units it is in particular the increase in conformational entropy of back-folded OEG side chains upon aggregation that provides the pronounced gain in entropy that drives the aggregation process. Thus, our studies revealed that a subtle change in the attachment of solubilizing substituents can switch the thermodynamic signature for the self-assembly of amphiphilic dyes in water from enthalpy- to entropy-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P N Syamala
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Kartha KK, Wendler F, Rudolph T, Biehl P, Fernández G, Schacher FH. pH-Responsive Side Chains as a Tool to Control Aqueous Self-Assembly Mechanisms. Chemistry 2020; 26:606-610. [PMID: 31713917 PMCID: PMC7003937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
pH-Tunable nanoscale morphology and self-assembly mechanism of a series of oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) (OPE)-based bolaamphiphiles featuring poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) side chains of different length and degree of hydrolysis are described. Protonation and deprotonation of the PEI chains by changing the pH alters the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the systems and, in turn, the strength of intermolecular interactions between the hydrophobic OPE moieties. Low pH values (3) lead to weak interaction between the OPEs and result in spherical nanoparticles, in which aggregation follows an isodesmic mechanism. In contrast, higher pH values (11) induce deprotonation of the polymer chains and lead to a stronger, cooperative aggregation into anisotropic nanostructures. Our results demonstrate that pH-responsive chains can be exploited as a tool to tune self-assembly mechanisms, which opens exciting possibilities to develop new stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Felix Wendler
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Tobias Rudolph
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - F. H. Schacher
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
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13
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Max JB, Mons PJ, Tom JC, Schacher FH. Double Hydrophilic Poly(ethylene oxide)‐
block
‐Poly(dehydroalanine) Block Copolymers: Comparison of Two Different Synthetic Routes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Lessingstraße 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Peter J. Mons
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Lessingstraße 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Lessingstraße 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Lessingstraße 8 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC) Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Philosophenweg 7 D‐07743 Jena Germany
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14
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Saez Talens V, Makurat DMM, Liu T, Dai W, Guibert C, Noteborn WEM, Voets IK, Kieltyka RE. Shape modulation of squaramide-based supramolecular polymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and self-assembly of a library of squaramide-based bolaamphiphiles with variable hydrophobic and hydrophilic domain sizes to understand their effect on the formation of supramolecular polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorio Saez Talens
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - D. M. M. Makurat
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Tingxian Liu
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Clément Guibert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
| | - Willem E. M. Noteborn
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven
| | - Roxanne E. Kieltyka
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
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15
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Lechner BD, Biehl P, Ebert H, Werner S, Meister A, Hause G, Bacia K, Tschierske C, Blume A. Controlling the Miscibility of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles in Lipid Membranes by Varying the Chemical Structure and Size of the Polyphile Polar Headgroup. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10861-10871. [PMID: 30407826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bolaamphiphiles are well-known naturally occurring structures that can increase the thermal and mechanical stability of the phospholipid membrane by incorporation in a transmembrane manner. Modifications of bolaamphiphiles to introduce particular structural elements such as a conjugated aromatic backbone and lateral side chains in the hydrophobic region lead to bolapolyphiles (BPs). We investigated the ability of BPs to form lyotropic phases in water. The BPs had an identical backbone and side chains, but different headgroup structures, leading to different abilities to act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. BPs with hydrophilic headgroups capable of acting as hydrogen bond donors as well as acceptors did not form lyotropic phases and were insoluble in water, independent of whether the polar groups were small or large. The extended lipophilic core structure and the multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the headgroups prevented the formation of well-hydrated lyotropic aggregates. A BP with two large hydrophilic headgroups of several ethylene oxide moieties terminated by methyl groups formed sheet- and vesicle-like aggregates in water. These headgroups act only as hydrogen bond acceptors and cannot form hydrogen bonds in the absence of water. The miscibility of BPs with vesicles of 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in water and the resulting aggregate structures were also investigated. For BPs with headgroups acting as donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds, macroscopic phase separation occurred in the mixed membranes, and two different membrane domains, a DPPC-rich one containing only little polyphile and a BP-rich one containing varying amounts of lipid, were formed. For headgroups without the ability to act as hydrogen bond donors, small BP aggregates were formed that were homogeneously distributed over the membrane. The lateral organization of BPs in lipid membranes can thus be controlled by the nature of the BP headgroup.
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16
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Lewe V, Preuss M, Woźnica EA, Spitzer D, Otter R, Besenius P. A clickable NHC-Au(i)-complex for the preparation of stimulus-responsive metallopeptide amphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9498-9501. [PMID: 30090888 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of an alkyne functionalised NHC-Au(i)-complex which is conjugated with amphiphilic oligopeptides using a copper(i) catalysed cycloaddition. The resulting Au(i)-metalloamphiphiles are shown to self-assemble into charge-regulated stimulus-responsive supramolecular polymers in water via a weakly cooperative polymerisation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lewe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Wang X, Liu C, Wang T, Jiang J. Air–water interfacial assembly of all-aromatic-substituted double-decker phthalocyanine forms aligned nanoparticles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, unexpected supramolecular assembly of [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules containing complex aromatic substituents was investigated. The air–water interfacial assembly of double-decker phthalocyanines containing sixteen phenol substituents (Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] and Y(Pc2)[Formula: see text] form aligned nanoparticles. Depending on the different surface pressure, the Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] self-assembled nanostructures can be regulated thoroughly. Although Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] and Y(Pc2)[Formula: see text] have only aromatic substituent groups, no H- or J-aggregation of [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems can be detected from the UV-vis spectra of the assemblies of these double-decker phthalocyanines. When the nanostructures of these assemblies were changed greatly, no corresponding changes of UV-vis spectra and FT-IR spectra could be detected. These unusual results can be understood from the balance between the hydrophilicity of aromatic substituents and the ether linkages of double-decker phthalocyanines and the surface pressure, and open new. approaches for supramolecular assembly of complex [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Chan MHY, Leung SYL, Yam VWW. Controlling Self-Assembly Mechanisms through Rational Molecular Design in Oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)-Containing Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(N-alkylbenzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine Amphiphiles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7637-7646. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Grzybowski BA, Fitzner K, Paczesny J, Granick S. From dynamic self-assembly to networked chemical systems. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5647-5678. [PMID: 28703815 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although dynamic self-assembly, DySA, is a relatively new area of research, the past decade has brought numerous demonstrations of how various types of components - on scales from (macro)molecular to macroscopic - can be arranged into ordered structures thriving in non-equilibrium, steady states. At the same time, none of these dynamic assemblies has so far proven practically relevant, prompting questions about the field's prospects and ultimate objectives. The main thesis of this Review is that formation of dynamic assemblies cannot be an end in itself - instead, we should think more ambitiously of using such assemblies as control elements (reconfigurable catalysts, nanomachines, etc.) of larger, networked systems directing sequences of chemical reactions or assembly tasks. Such networked systems would be inspired by biology but intended to operate in environments and conditions incompatible with living matter (e.g., in organic solvents, elevated temperatures, etc.). To realize this vision, we need to start considering not only the interactions mediating dynamic self-assembly of individual components, but also how components of different types could coexist and communicate within larger, multicomponent ensembles. Along these lines, the review starts with the discussion of the conceptual foundations of self-assembly in equilibrium and non-equilibrium regimes. It discusses key examples of interactions and phenomena that can provide the basis for various DySA modalities (e.g., those driven by light, magnetic fields, flows, etc.). It then focuses on the recent examples where organization of components in steady states is coupled to other processes taking place in the system (catalysis, formation of dynamic supramolecular materials, control of chirality, etc.). With these examples of functional DySA, we then look forward and consider conditions that must be fulfilled to allow components of multiple types to coexist, function, and communicate with one another within the networked DySA systems of the future. As the closing examples show, such systems are already appearing heralding new opportunities - and, to be sure, new challenges - for DySA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz A Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Wang WY, Ju XH, Zhao XF, Li XD, Li SP, Song FG. Novel morphologies of poly(allyamine hydrochloride)-methotrexate nanoassemblies for methotrexate delivery. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8130-8140. [PMID: 35542005 PMCID: PMC9078489 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-methotrexate (PAH-MTX) nanoassemblies with novel morphologies (i.e. nanostrips, nanorolls, nanosheets, and nanospheres) were achieved for the first time via supramolecular self-assembly directed by the synergistic action of various non-covalent interactions between PAH and MTX molecules in aqueous solution. Herein, MTX acted in a versatile manner as both a morphology-regulating agent and a small molecular hydrophobic anticancer drug. Moreover, different morphologies presented diverse drug release profiles, which may be caused by the distinctive interactions between PAH and MTX molecules. Synergistically non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding, favored easier matrix corrosion and more rapid drug release of non-spherical structures (i.e. nanostrips, nanorolls, and nanosheets) through the ligand exchange process. On the other hand, the highly sealed encapsulation mode for hydrophobic MTX molecules made the nanospheres exhibit slower and better controlled release. In addition, in vitro bioassay tests showed that nanostrips displayed the most obvious suppression on the viability of cancer cells among other morphologies, especially after a longer duration. The strategy of using small molecular anticancer drugs not as passively delivered cargoes but as effective molecular building blocks, opens up a new way to develop self-delivering drugs for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiao-Han Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiu-Fen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
| | - Shu-Ping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Material, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-83598678 +86-25-83598280
- Shandong Bingkun Tengtai Ceramics Technology Co. Ltd. Zibo 255321 China
| | - Fu-Gui Song
- Shandong Bingkun Tengtai Ceramics Technology Co. Ltd. Zibo 255321 China
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21
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Poppe S, Poppe M, Ebert H, Prehm M, Chen C, Liu F, Werner S, Bacia K, Tschierske C. Effects of Lateral and Terminal Chains of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Cores on Self-Assembly Behaviour. Part 1: Transition between Amphiphilic and Polyphilic Self-Assembly in the Bulk. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E471. [PMID: 30965775 PMCID: PMC6418615 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphilic self-assembly leads to compartmentalization of space and development of complex structures in soft matter on different length scales, reaching from the morphologies of block copolymers to the liquid crystalline (LC) phases of small molecules. Whereas block copolymers are known to form membranes and interact with phospholipid bilayers, liquid crystals have been less investigated in this respect. Here, series of bolapolyphilic X-shaped molecules were synthesized and investigated with respect to the effect of molecular structural parameters on the formation of LC phases (part 1), and on domain formation in phospholipid bilayer membranes (part 2). The investigated bolapolyphiles are based on a rod-like π-conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) core with two glycerol groups being either directly attached or separated by additional ethylene oxide (EO) units to both ends. The X-shape is provided by two lateral alkyl chains attached at opposite sides of the OPE core, being either linear, branched, or semiperfluorinated. In this report, the focus is on the transition from polyphilic (triphilic or tetraphilic) to binary amphiphilic self-assembly. Polyphilic self-assembly, i.e., segregation of all three or four incorporated units into separate nano-compartments, leads to the formation of hexagonal columnar LC phases, representing triangular honeycombs. A continuous transition from the well-defined triangular honeycomb structures to simple hexagonal columnar phases, dominated by the arrangement of polar columns on a hexagonal lattice in a mixed continuum formed by the lipophilic chains and the OPE rods, i.e., to amphiphilic self-assembly, was observed by reducing the length and volume of the lateral alkyl chains. A similar transition was found upon increasing the length of the EO units involved in the polar groups. If the lateral alkyl chains are enlarged or replaced by semiperfluorinated chains, then the segregation of lateral chains and rod-like cores is retained, even for enlarged polar groups, i.e., the transition from polyphilic to amphiphilic self-assembly is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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22
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Glassner M, Vergaelen M, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2-oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan Belgium
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan Belgium
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23
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Huang L, Lei Z, Huang T, Zhou Y, Bai Y. "Installation art"-like hierarchical self-assembly of giant polymeric elliptical platelets. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2145-2149. [PMID: 28127609 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09379e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the aqueous self-assembly of giant elliptical platelets over 20 μm in axial length, from a novel polyamide. Both the self-assembly pathway and mechanism were studied using morphology and X-ray characterizations. The polymer first self-organizes into small quadrangular frustum pyramid platelets, and then these small platelets can be further installed into giant elliptical platelets through an "installation art"-like hierarchical self-assembly process driven by crystallization. The as-prepared regular giant platelets can further aggregate together into multi-horned or flower-like superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Zuotao Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
| | - Tong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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24
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Besenius P. Controlling supramolecular polymerization through multicomponent self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 Mainz 55128 Germany
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25
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Mondal T, Sarkar J, Ghosh S. Fluorescent PEGulated Oligourethane Nanoparticles for Long-Term Cellular Tracing. Chemistry 2016; 22:10930-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Mondal
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Polymer Science Unit; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Polymer Science Unit; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Polymer Science Unit; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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26
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Aguiló E, Gavara R, Baucells C, Guitart M, Lima JC, Llorca J, Rodríguez L. Tuning supramolecular aurophilic structures: the effect of counterion, positive charge and solvent. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7328-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of different cationic gold(i) complexes gave rise to the formation of unexpected supramolecular assemblies in water going from rod-like structures to vesicles and square-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aguiló
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Raquel Gavara
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Clara Baucells
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Marta Guitart
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- CQFB
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- Monte de Caparica
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques i Centre de Recerca en NanoEnginyeria
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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27
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Rest C, Kandanelli R, Fernández G. Strategies to create hierarchical self-assembled structures via cooperative non-covalent interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2543-72. [PMID: 25735967 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative phenomena are common processes involved in the hierarchical self-assembly of multiple systems in nature, such as the tobacco mosaic virus and a cell's cytoskeleton. Motivated by the high degree of order exhibited by these systems, a great deal of effort has been devoted in the past two decades to design hierarchical supramolecular polymers by combining different classes of cooperative interactions. In this review, we have classified the field of supramolecular polymers depending on the cooperative non-covalent forces driving their formation, with particular emphasis on recent examples from literature. We believe that this overview would help scientists in the field to design novel self-assembled systems with improved complexity and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rest
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Appel R, Fuchs J, Tyrrell SM, Korevaar PA, Stuart MCA, Voets IK, Schönhoff M, Besenius P. Steric Constraints Induced Frustrated Growth of Supramolecular Nanorods in Water. Chemistry 2015; 21:19257-64. [PMID: 26555139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A unique example of supramolecular polymerisation in water based on monomers with nanomolar affinities, which yield rod-like materials with extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability, yet of finite length, is reported. A small library of charge-neutral dendritic peptide amphiphiles was prepared, with a branched nonaphenylalanine-based core that was conjugated to hydrophilic dendrons of variable steric demand. Below a critical size of the dendron, the monomers assemble into nanorod-like polymers, whereas for larger dendritic side chains frustrated growth into near isotropic particles is observed. The supramolecular morphologies observed by electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and diffusion NMR spectroscopy studies are in agreement with the mechanistic insights obtained from fitting polymerisation profiles: non-cooperative isodesmic growth leads to degrees of polymerisation that match the experimentally determined nanorod contour lengths of close to 70 nm. The reported designs for aqueous self-assembly into well-defined anisotropic particles has promising potential for biomedical applications and the development of functional supramolecular biomaterials, with emerging evidence that anisotropic shapes in carrier design outperform conventional isotropic materials for targeted imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Appel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and CeNTech, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany).,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz (Germany)
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Sara M Tyrrell
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (The Netherlands)
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and, Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology (The Netherlands).,Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 28/30, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and CeNTech, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany). .,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz (Germany).
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Werner S, Ebert H, Lechner BD, Lange F, Achilles A, Bärenwald R, Poppe S, Blume A, Saalwächter K, Tschierske C, Bacia K. Dendritic domains with hexagonal symmetry formed by x-shaped bolapolyphiles in lipid membranes. Chemistry 2015; 21:8840-50. [PMID: 25940233 PMCID: PMC4517157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of bolapolyphile (BP) molecules are shown to integrate into phospholipid bilayers and self-assemble into unique sixfold symmetric domains of snowflake-like dendritic shapes. The BPs comprise three philicities: a lipophilic, rigid, π-π stacking core; two flexible lipophilic side chains; and two hydrophilic, hydrogen-bonding head groups. Confocal microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, XRD, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy confirm BP-rich domains with transmembrane-oriented BPs and three to four lipid molecules per BP. Both species remain well organized even above the main 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine transition. The BP molecules only dissolve in the fluid membrane above 70 °C. Structural variations of the BP demonstrate that head-group hydrogen bonding is a prerequisite for domain formation. Independent of the head group, the BPs reduce membrane corrugation. In conclusion, the BPs form nanofilaments by π stacking of aromatic cores, which reduce membrane corrugation and possibly fuse into a hexagonal network in the dendritic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
- ZIK HALOmem, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Bob-Dan Lechner
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Frank Lange
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
| | - Anja Achilles
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
| | - Ruth Bärenwald
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
| | - Silvio Poppe
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Alfred Blume
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany) E-mail:
- ZIK HALOmem, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany)
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Novartis Chemistry Lectureship 2014/2015: R. Sarpong, A. Doyle, M. S. Sigman, F. Glorius, D. Trauner und K. R. Liedl / Karl-Heinz-Beckurts-Preis: A. Marx / Preis der Polymer Networks Group für Nachwuchswissenschaftler: D. Díaz Díaz, J. Groll, F. H. Schach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Novartis Chemistry Lectureship 2014-2015: R. Sarpong, A. Doyle, M. S. Sigman, F. Glorius, D. Trauner, and K. R. Liedl / Karl Heinz Beckurts Prize: A. Marx / Polymer Networks Group Young Investigator Award: D. Díaz Díaz, J. Groll, F. H. Schacher, and S. Se. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hong EYH, Wong HL, Yam VWW. From Spherical to Leaf-Like Morphologies: Tunable Supramolecular Assembly of Alkynylgold(I) Complexes through Variations of the Alkyl Chain Length. Chemistry 2015; 21:5732-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yang L, Fan G, Ren X, Zhao L, Wang J, Chen Z. Aqueous self-assembly of a charged BODIPY amphiphile via nucleation–growth mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9167-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic boron-dipyrromethene dye forms fluorescent vesicular aggregates in water through a highly cooperative self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xiangkui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- School of Material Science & Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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