1
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Kiyokawa K, Kawanaka K, Minakata S. Amino-λ 3 -iodane-Enabled Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319048. [PMID: 38272833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the use of amino-λ3 -iodanes in the electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids and boronates. Iodine(III) reagents with transferable amino groups, including one with an NH2 group, were synthesized and used in the amination, allowing the synthesis of a wide range of primary and secondary (hetero)arylamines. Mechanistic studies by DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an electrophilic amination process from a tetravalent borate complex with a B-N dative bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Liu Q, Lin T, Wang YE, Liang W, Cao L, Sheng X, Xiong D, Mao J. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of α-Bromo Sulfoxide. Org Lett 2023; 25:9153-9157. [PMID: 38096429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl iodides with α-bromo sulfoxide to access a diverse array of aryl benzyl sulfoxides has been discovered. These reactions occurred under mild conditions with excellent functional group tolerance so that optically enriched sulfoxides could be coupled with aryl iodides, generating corresponding sulfoxides with excellent stereochemical integrity. Furthermore, the scalability of this transformation was demonstrated. Initial mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction undergoes a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Wenbiao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Liuying Cao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xutao Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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3
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Demidov N, Grebogi M, Bourne C, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Stasch A. A Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of a Sterically Demanding Aniline from Aryllithium Using Trimethylsilyl Azide, Conversion to β-Diketimines and Synthesis of a β-Diketiminate Magnesium Hydride Complex. Molecules 2023; 28:7569. [PMID: 38005290 PMCID: PMC10673297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the one-pot synthesis of sterically demanding aniline derivatives from aryllithium species utilising trimethylsilyl azide to introduce amine functionalities and conversions to new examples of a common N,N'-chelating ligand system. The reaction of TripLi (Trip = 2,4,6-iPr3-C6H2) with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the silyltriazene TripN2N(SiMe3)2 in situ, which readily reacts with methanol under dinitrogen elimination to the aniline TripNH2 in good yield. The reaction pathways and by-products of the system have been studied. The extension of this reaction to a much more sterically demanding terphenyl system suggested that TerLi (Ter = 2,6-Trip2-C6H3) slowly reacted with trimethylsilyl azide to form a silyl(terphenyl)triazenide lithium complex in situ, predominantly underwent nitrogen loss to TerN(SiMe3)Li in parallel, which afforded TerN(SiMe3)H after workup, and can be deprotected under acidic conditions to form the aniline TerNH2. TripNH2 was furthermore converted to the sterically demanding β-diketimines RTripnacnacH (=HC{RCN(Trip)}2H), with R = Me, Et and iPr, in one-pot procedures from the corresponding 1,3-diketones. The bulkiest proligand was employed to synthesise the magnesium hydride complex [{(iPrTripnacnac)MgH}2], which shows a distorted dimeric structure caused by the substituents of the sterically demanding ligand moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (N.D.); (M.G.); (C.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.B.C.)
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4
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Avigdori I, Singh K, Fridman N, Gandelman M. Nitrenium ions as new versatile reagents for electrophilic amination. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12034-12040. [PMID: 37969608 PMCID: PMC10631241 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the utilization of N-heterocyclic nitrenium ions - easily prepared, bench-stable and non-oxidating nitrogen sources for the efficient electrophilic amination of aliphatic and aromatic organometallic nucleophiles, towards the facile and general preparation of primary amines. To this end, a plethora of abundant organolithium and organomagnesium reagents were combined with nitrenium salts to generate a variety of previously unexplored N-alkyl and N-aryl triazanes. Through the simple hydrogenolysis of these relatively stable triazanes, we have prepared a diverse scope of primary amines, including linear and branched aliphatic as well as (hetero)aromatic amines possessing various stereo-electronic substituents. Furthermore, we present the facile synthesis of valuable 15N-labelled primary amines from easily prepared 15N-labelled nitrenium salts, as well as a one-pot approach to biologically relevant primary amines. Finally, a recyclable variant of the nitrenium precursor was prepared and a simple recovery protocol was developed to improve the atom-economy of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Avigdori
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
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5
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Behnke NE, Kwon YD, Davenport MT, Ess DH, Kürti L. Directing-Group-Free Arene C(sp 2)-H Amination Using Bulky Aminium Radicals and DFT Analysis of Regioselectivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11847-11854. [PMID: 37506352 PMCID: PMC10802973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxylamine-derived electrophilic aminating reagent produces a transient and bulky aminium radical intermediate upon in situ activation by either TMSOTf or TFA and a subsequent electron transfer from an iron(II) catalyst. Density functional theory calculations were used to examine the regioselectivity of arene C-H amination reactions on diversely substituted arenes. The calculations suggest a simple charge-controlled regioselectivity model that enables prediction of the major C(sp2)-H amination product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael T. Davenport
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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6
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Electrophilic amination of diarylcadmium reagents: the effect of aminating reagent’s structure. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Dong X, Shang M, Chen S, Zhang T, Jalani HB, Lu H. Carbonyl-Assisted Iridium-Catalyzed C-H Amination Using 2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl Azide. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13990-14004. [PMID: 36190135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbonyl-directed, mono C-H amination of arenes has been achieved using [Cp*Ir(III)Cl2]2 as the catalyst and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) azide as an aminating reagent. The amination proceeds smoothly with a variety of arylcarbonyl compounds, including alkyl and vinyl arylketones, secondary and tertiary aryl amides, and acetyl indoles. The resulting ortho-TrocNH arylcarbonyl compounds are easily transformed to the corresponding free arylamines, aryl carbamates, or aryl ureas. Taking advantage of the electrophilic nature of both Troc and carbonyl groups in ortho-TrocNH arylcarbonyl compounds, the subsequent cyclization with dinucleophilic reagents has also been demonstrated. This provides an efficient strategy for the construction of aryl-fused N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunqing Dong
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhou Shang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hitesh B Jalani
- Smart BioPharm, 310-Pilotplant, Incheon Techno-Park, 12-Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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8
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Ni SF, Huang G, Chen Y, Wright JS, Li M, Dang L. Recent advances in γ-C(sp3)–H bond activation of amides, aliphatic amines, sulfanilamides and amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Hui C, Antonchick AP. Iodonitrene: a direct metal-free electrophilic aminating reagent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodonitrene is a new type of reactive electrophilic aminating reagent that opens up opportunities for new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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10
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Wang DJ, Targos K, Wickens ZK. Electrochemical Synthesis of Allylic Amines from Terminal Alkenes and Secondary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21503-21510. [PMID: 34914394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Allylic amines are valuable synthetic targets en route to diverse biologically active amine products. Current allylic C-H amination strategies remain limited with respect to the viable N-substituents. Herein, we disclose a new electrochemical process to prepare aliphatic allylic amines by coupling two abundant starting materials: secondary amines and unactivated alkenes. This oxidative transformation proceeds via electrochemical generation of an electrophilic adduct between thianthrene and the alkene substrates. Treatment of these adducts with aliphatic amine nucleophiles and base provides allylic amine products in high yield. This synthetic strategy is also amenable to functionalization of feedstock gaseous alkenes at 1 atm. In the case of 1-butene, high Z-selective crotylation is observed. This strategy, however, is not limited to the synthesis of simple building blocks; complex biologically active molecules are suitable as both alkene and amine coupling partners. Preliminary mechanistic studies implicate vinylthianthrenium salts as key reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Korkmaz A, Duran S. High yielding electrophilic amination with lower order and higher order organocuprates: Application of acetone O-(4-Chlorophenylsulfonyl)oxime in the construction of the C−N bond at room temperature. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1924787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Korkmaz
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Serdar Duran
- Department of Chemistry, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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12
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Zheng W, Chen X, Chen F, He Z, Zeng Q. Syntheses and Transformations of Sulfoximines. CHEM REC 2020; 21:396-416. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Xianlie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Qingle Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection College of Materials Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Chengdu University of Technology 1 Dongsan Road, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
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13
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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14
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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15
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Cheng Q, Chen J, Lin S, Ritter T. Allylic Amination of Alkenes with Iminothianthrenes to Afford Alkyl Allylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17287-17293. [PMID: 33001638 PMCID: PMC7584367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Allylic C-H amination is currently accomplished with (sulfon)amides or carbamates. Here we show the first allylic amination that can directly afford alkyl allylamines, enabled by the reactivity of thianthrene-based nitrogen sources that can be prepared from primary amines in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Junting Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Songyun Lin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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16
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Li G, Nykaza TV, Cooper JC, Ramirez A, Luzung MR, Radosevich AT. An Improved P III/P V═O-Catalyzed Reductive C-N Coupling of Nitroaromatics and Boronic Acids by Mechanistic Differentiation of Rate- and Product-Determining Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6786-6799. [PMID: 32178514 PMCID: PMC7146866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Experimental,
spectroscopic, and computational studies are reported
that provide an evidence-based mechanistic description of an intermolecular
reductive C–N coupling of nitroarenes and arylboronic acids
catalyzed by a redox-active main-group catalyst (1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane P-oxide, i.e., 1·[O]). The central observations
include the following: (1) catalytic reduction of 1·[O]
to PIII phosphetane 1 is kinetically fast
under conditions of catalysis; (2) phosphetane 1 represents
the catalytic resting state as observed by 31P NMR spectroscopy;
(3) there are no long-lived nitroarene partial-reduction intermediates
observable by 15N NMR spectroscopy; (4) the reaction is
sensitive to solvent dielectric, performing best in moderately polar
solvents (viz. cyclopentylmethyl ether); and (5) the reaction is largely
insensitive with respect to common hydrosilane reductants. On the
basis of the foregoing studies, new modified catalytic conditions
are described that expand the reaction scope and provide for mild
temperatures (T ≥ 60 °C), low catalyst
loadings (≥2 mol%), and innocuous terminal reductants (polymethylhydrosiloxane).
DFT calculations define a two-stage deoxygenation sequence for the
reductive C–N coupling. The initial deoxygenation involves
a rate-determining step that consists of a (3+1) cheletropic addition
between the nitroarene substrate and phosphetane 1; energy
decomposition techniques highlight the biphilic character of the phosphetane
in this step. Although kinetically invisible, the second deoxygenation
stage is implicated as the critical C–N product-forming event,
in which a postulated oxazaphosphirane intermediate is diverted from
arylnitrene dissociation toward heterolytic ring opening with the
arylboronic acid; the resulting dipolar intermediate evolves by antiperiplanar
1,2-migration of the organoboron residue to nitrogen, resulting in
displacement of 1·[O] and formation of the target
C–N coupling product upon in situ hydrolysis.
The method thus described constitutes a mechanistically well-defined
and operationally robust main-group complement to the current workhorse
transition-metal-based methods for catalytic intermolecular C–N
coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trevor V Nykaza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael R Luzung
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Elliott Q, Dos Passos Gomes G, Evoniuk CJ, Alabugin IV. Testing the limits of radical-anionic CH-amination: a 10-million-fold decrease in basicity opens a new path to hydroxyisoindolines via a mixed C-N/C-O-forming cascade. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6539-6555. [PMID: 34094120 PMCID: PMC8159354 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An intramolecular C(sp3)-H amidation proceeds in the presence of t-BuOK, molecular oxygen, and DMF. This transformation is initiated by the deprotonation of an acidic N-H bond and selective radical activation of a benzylic C-H bond towards hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Cyclization of this radical-anion intermediate en route to a two-centered/three-electron (2c,3e) C-N bond removes electron density from nitrogen. As this electronegative element resists such an "oxidation", making nitrogen more electron rich is key to overcoming this problem. This work dramatically expands the range of N-anions that can participate in this process by using amides instead of anilines. The resulting 107-fold decrease in the N-component basicity (and nucleophilicity) doubles the activation barrier for C-N bond formation and makes this process nearly thermoneutral. Remarkably, this reaction also converts a weak reductant into a much stronger reductant. Such "reductant upconversion" allows mild oxidants like molecular oxygen to complete the first part of the cascade. In contrast, the second stage of NH/CH activation forms a highly stabilized radical-anion intermediate incapable of undergoing electron transfer to oxygen. Because the oxidation is unfavored, an alternative reaction path opens via coupling between the radical anion intermediate and either superoxide or hydroperoxide radical. The hydroperoxide intermediate transforms into the final hydroxyisoindoline products under basic conditions. The use of TEMPO as an additive was found to activate less reactive amides. The combination of experimental and computational data outlines a conceptually new mechanism for conversion of unprotected amides into hydroxyisoindolines proceeding as a sequence of C-H amidation and C-H oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Elliott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Christopher J Evoniuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
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18
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Graßl S, Singer J, Knochel P. Iron-Mediated Electrophilic Amination of Organozinc Halides using Organic Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:335-338. [PMID: 31599056 PMCID: PMC6972526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of alkyl‐, aryl‐ and heteroarylzinc halides were aminated with highly functionalized alkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic azides. The reaction proceeds smoothly at 50 °C within 1 h in the presence of FeCl3 (0.5 equiv) to furnish the corresponding secondary amines in good yields. This method was extended to peptidic azides and provided the arylated substrates with full retention of configuration. To demonstrate the utility of this reaction, we prepared two amine derivatives of pharmaceutical relevance using this iron‐mediated electrophilic amination as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Graßl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Singer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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19
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Graßl S, Singer J, Knochel P. Eisenvermittelte elektrophile Aminierung von Organozink‐Halogeniden mit organischen Aziden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Graßl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Johannes Singer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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20
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Roscales S, Csáky AG. Transition‐Metal‐Free Three‐Component Synthesis of Tertiary Aryl Amines from Nitro Compounds, Boronic Acids, and Trialkyl Phosphites. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Instituto PluridisciplinarUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Aurelio G. Csáky
- Instituto PluridisciplinarUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1 28040 Madrid Spain
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21
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Kahya D, Eroğlu F. Electrophilic amination of Cu(I) catalyzed phenylmagnesium bromide with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)hydroxylamine in THF:N-donor solvent. Control of C–N and C–O chemoselectivity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Banjo S, Nakasuji E, Meguro T, Sato T, Chida N. Copper‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Amidation of Organotrifluoroborates with Use of
N
‐Methoxyamides. Chemistry 2019; 25:7941-7947. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shona Banjo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Eiko Nakasuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Meguro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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23
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Munnuri S, Anugu RR, Falck JR. Cu(II)-Mediated N-H and N-Alkyl Aryl Amination and Olefin Aziridination. Org Lett 2019; 21:1926-1929. [PMID: 30821980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cu(II)-mediated direct NH2 and NH alkyl aryl aminations and olefin aziridinations are described. These room-temperature, one-pot, environmentally friendly procedures replace costly Rh2 catalysts and, in some instances, display important differences with comparable Rh2- and Fe-supported reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailu Munnuri
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - Raghunath Reddy Anugu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
| | - John R Falck
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390-9038 , United States
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24
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Zhang J, Shan C, Zhang T, Song J, Liu T, Lan Y. Computational advances aiding mechanistic understanding of silver-catalyzed carbene/nitrene/silylene transfer reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Kuhl N, Raval S, Cohen RD. Synthesis of Cyanamides via a One-Pot Oxidation–Cyanation of Primary and Secondary Amines. Org Lett 2019; 21:1268-1272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kuhl
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Saurin Raval
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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26
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Hernández-Ruiz R, Virumbrales C, Pedrosa MR, Sanz R. Reductive Molybdenum-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Boronic Acids with Nitro Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cintia Virumbrales
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - María R. Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
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27
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Suárez-Pantiga S, Hernández-Ruiz R, Virumbrales C, Pedrosa MR, Sanz R. Reductive Molybdenum-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Boronic Acids with Nitro Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2129-2133. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cintia Virumbrales
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - María R. Pedrosa
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Department of Chemistry; Universidad de Burgos; Pza Misael s/n 09001 Burgos Spain
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28
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Zhang T, Hu X, Dong X, Li G, Lu H. Iridium-Catalyzed Unreactive C(sp 3)-H Amination with 2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl Azide. Org Lett 2018; 20:6260-6264. [PMID: 30232895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An additive-assisted iridium-catalyzed directed C(sp3)-H amination with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl azide as an amino source is reported. Both carboxylate anions and the corresponding cations in the additives are crucial to achieve satisfactory efficiency. Sodium acetate or n-pentanoic acid can promote the amination of various primary C(sp3)-H bonds adjacent to secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons in ketoximes or N-aromatic heterocycles, respectively, providing a practical route to versatile β-amino ketoxime and N-heteroaryl ethanamine derivatives. The amination products can be treated as isocyanate analogues and can be converted to other useful amino functionalities. An iridacyclic compound was isolated and identified as a plausible intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Xunqing Dong
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
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29
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Edelstein EK, Grote AC, Palkowitz MD, Morken JP. A Protocol for Direct Stereospecific Amination of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alkylboronic Esters. Synlett 2018; 29:1749-1752. [PMID: 30631220 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct, stereospecific amination of alkylboronic and borinic esters can be conducted by treatment of the organoboron compound with methoxyamine and potassium tert-butoxide. In addition to being stereospecific, this process also enables the direct amination of tertiary boronic esters in an efficient fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Edelstein
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Andrea C Grote
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | | | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
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30
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Rauser M, Ascheberg C, Niggemann M. Direct Reductive N-Functionalization of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds. Chemistry 2018; 24:3970-3974. [PMID: 29378085 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first general protocol for the direct reductive N-functionalization of aliphatic nitro compounds is presented. The nitro group is partially reduced to a nitrenoid, with a mild and readily available combination of B2 pin2 and zinc organyls. Thereby, the formation of an unstable nitroso intermediate is avoided, which has so far severely limited reductive transformations of aliphatic nitro compounds. The reaction is concluded by an electrophilic amination of zinc organyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ascheberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52072, Aachen, Germany
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31
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Fukami Y, Wada T, Meguro T, Chida N, Sato T. Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination using N-methoxyamines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:5486-9. [PMID: 26548700 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of a triarylboroxin using an N-methoxyamine to give quick access to a variety of anilines was reported. The reaction was especially useful for syntheses of functionalized anilines when combined with our previously reported nucleophilic addition to N-methoxyamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Fukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Meguro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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32
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Simaan M, Marek I. Asymmetric Catalytic Preparation of Polysubstituted Cyclopropanol and Cyclopropylamine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1543-1546. [PMID: 29320599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric carbometalation of cyclopropenes followed by either an electrophilic oxidation or amination reaction provides a unique approach to the formation of diastereomerically pure and enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanol and cyclopropylamine derivatives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Simaan
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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33
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Simaan M, Marek I. Asymmetric Catalytic Preparation of Polysubstituted Cyclopropanol and Cyclopropylamine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Simaan
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Schulich Faculty of Chemistry; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 3200009 Israel
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34
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Complementary Strategies for Directed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization: A Comparison of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Carbene/Nitrene Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:62-101. [PMID: 29206316 PMCID: PMC5853126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds streamlines chemical synthesis by allowing the use of simple molecules and providing novel synthetic disconnections. Intensive recent efforts in the development of new reactions based on C-H functionalization have led to its wider adoption across a range of research areas. This Review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of three main approaches: transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer, and transition-metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene transfer, for the directed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds. For each strategy, the scope, the reactivity of different C-H bonds, the position of the reacting C-H bonds relative to the directing group, and stereochemical outcomes are illustrated with examples in the literature. The aim of this Review is to provide guidance for the use of C-H functionalization reactions and inspire future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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35
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Sabir S, Kumar G, Jat JL. O-Substituted hydroxyl amine reagents: an overview of recent synthetic advances. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3314-3327. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reagents derived from oxygen-substituted hydroxylamine facilitate stereo- and regioselective C–N, N–N, O–N, and S–N bond-formation reactions and intra-molecular cyclizations without any expensive metal catalysts. These remarkable transformations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekh Sabir
- Department of Chemistry
- Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (a Central University)
- Vidya Vihar
- Lucknow 226025
- India
| | | | - Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry
- Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (a Central University)
- Vidya Vihar
- Lucknow 226025
- India
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36
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Luo X, Wang S, Xi C. Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroamination of styrenes with hydroxylamines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient Cp2TiCl2-catalyzed one-pot two-step hydroamination procedure that allows the direct formation of tertiary amines from styrenes and an electrophilic nitrogen source has been reported with high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Sheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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37
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Komplementäre Strategien für die dirigierte C(sp3)-H-Funktionalisierung: ein Vergleich von übergangsmetallkatalysierter Aktivierung, Wasserstoffatomtransfer und Carben- oder Nitrentransfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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38
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39
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Rauser M, Ascheberg C, Niggemann M. Electrophilic Amination with Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11570-11574. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Ascheberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52072 Aachen Germany
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40
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Starkov P, Moore JT, Duquette DC, Stoltz BM, Marek I. Enantioselective Construction of Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation of Fully Substituted Amide Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28625056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a divergent and modular protocol for the preparation of acyclic molecular frameworks containing newly created quaternary carbon stereocenters. Central to this approach is a sequence composed of a (1) regioselective and -retentive preparation of allyloxycarbonyl-trapped fully substituted stereodefined amide enolates and of a (2) enantioselective palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation reaction using a novel bisphosphine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Starkov
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jared T Moore
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas C Duquette
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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41
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Daşkapan T, Çiçek S. High yielding electrophilic amination method for arylcopper reagents. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1295082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Daşkapan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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42
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Gouré E, Senthilnathan D, Coin G, Albrieux F, Avenier F, Dubourdeaux P, Lebrun C, Maldivi P, Latour JM. Redox Self-Adaptation of a Nitrene Transfer Catalyst to the Substrate Needs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4305-4309. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gouré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Dhurairajan Senthilnathan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
- Center for Computational Chemistry, CRD; PRIST University Vallam; Thanjavur Tamilnadu India
| | - Guillaume Coin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Frédéric Avenier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
- LCBB, ICMMO (UMR 8182); Univ. Paris Sud; Université Paris Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | | | - Colette Lebrun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
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43
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Gouré E, Senthilnathan D, Coin G, Albrieux F, Avenier F, Dubourdeaux P, Lebrun C, Maldivi P, Latour JM. Redox Self-Adaptation of a Nitrene Transfer Catalyst to the Substrate Needs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gouré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Dhurairajan Senthilnathan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
- Center for Computational Chemistry, CRD; PRIST University Vallam; Thanjavur Tamilnadu India
| | - Guillaume Coin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Frédéric Avenier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
- LCBB, ICMMO (UMR 8182); Univ. Paris Sud; Université Paris Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | | | - Colette Lebrun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5819, CEA; SyMMES; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5249, CEA; LCBM/pmb; 38000 Grenoble France
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44
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Zhou Z, Ma Z, Behnke NE, Gao H, Kürti L. Non-Deprotonative Primary and Secondary Amination of (Hetero)Arylmetals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:115-118. [PMID: 28004917 PMCID: PMC5348115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we disclose a novel method for the facile transfer of primary (-NH2) and secondary amino groups (-NHR) to heteroaryl- as well as arylcuprates at low temperature without the need for precious metal catalysts, ligands, excess reagents, protecting and/or directing groups. This one-pot transformation allows unprecedented functional group tolerance and it is well-suited for the amination of electron-rich, electron-deficient as well as structurally complex (hetero)arylmetals. In some of the cases, only catalytic amounts of a copper(I) salt is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hongyin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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45
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Abstract
Arylmetals are highly valuable carbon nucleophiles that are readily and inexpensively prepared from aryl halides or arenes and widely used on both laboratory and industrial scales to react directly with a wide range of electrophiles. Although C-C bond formation has been a staple of organic synthesis, the direct transfer of primary amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups to arylmetals in a scalable and environmentally friendly fashion remains a formidable synthetic challenge because of the absence of suitable heteroatom-transfer reagents. Here, we demonstrate the use of bench-stable N-H and N-alkyl oxaziridines derived from readily available terpenoid scaffolds as efficient multifunctional reagents for the direct primary amination and hydroxylation of structurally diverse aryl- and heteroarylmetals. This practical and scalable method provides one-step synthetic access to primary anilines and phenols at low temperature and avoids the use of transition-metal catalysts, ligands and additives, nitrogen-protecting groups, excess reagents and harsh workup conditions.
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46
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Yang L, Li H, Zhang H, Lu H. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H Amination in Water. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Yang
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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47
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Fisher DJ, Shaum JB, Mills CL, Read de Alaniz J. Synthesis of Hindered Anilines: Three-Component Coupling of Arylboronic Acids, tert-Butyl Nitrite, and Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2016; 18:5074-5077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James B. Shaum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - C. Landon Mills
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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48
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Paudyal MP, Adebesin AM, Burt SR, Ess DH, Ma Z, Kürti L, Falck JR. Dirhodium-catalyzed C-H arene amination using hydroxylamines. Science 2016; 353:1144-7. [PMID: 27609890 PMCID: PMC5040325 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Primary and N-alkyl arylamine motifs are key functional groups in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials, as well as in bioactive natural products. However, there is a dearth of generally applicable methods for the direct replacement of aryl hydrogens with NH2/NH(alkyl) moieties. Here, we present a mild dirhodium-catalyzed C-H amination for conversion of structurally diverse monocyclic and fused aromatics to the corresponding primary and N-alkyl arylamines using NH2/NH(alkyl)-O-(sulfonyl)hydroxylamines as aminating agents; the relatively weak RSO2O-N bond functions as an internal oxidant. The methodology is operationally simple, scalable, and fast at or below ambient temperature, furnishing arylamines in moderate-to-good yields and with good regioselectivity. It can be readily extended to the synthesis of fused N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh P Paudyal
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adeniyi Michael Adebesin
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Scott R Burt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - John R Falck
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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49
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Liu C, Meng G, Liu Y, Liu R, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Acylsaccharins: Stable Electrophilic Amide-Based Acyl Transfer Reagents in Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling via N-C Cleavage. Org Lett 2016; 18:4194-7. [PMID: 27513821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient catalytic methods for N-C bond cleavage in amides remains an important synthetic challenge. The first Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of N-acylsaccharins with boronic acids by selective N-C bond activation is reported. The reaction enables preparation of a variety of functionalized diaryl and alkyl-aryl ketones with broad functional group tolerance and in good to excellent yields. Of general interest, N-acylsaccharins serve as new, highly reactive, bench-stable, economical, amide-based, electrophilic acyl transfer reagents via acyl-metal intermediates. Mechanistic studies strongly support the amide N-C(O) bond twist as the enabling feature of N-acylsaccharins in the N-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University , 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University , 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University , F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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50
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Lang SB, Cartwright KC, Welter RS, Locascio TM, Tunge JA. Photocatalytic Aminodecarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2016; 2016:3331-3334. [PMID: 28936118 PMCID: PMC5604885 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aminodecarboxylation of unactivated alkyl carboxylic acids has been accomplished utilizing an organic photocatalyst. This operationally simple reaction utilizes readily available carboxylic acids to chemoselectively generate reactive alkyl intermediates that are not accessible via conventional two-electron pathways. The organic radical intermediates are efficiently trapped with electrophilic diazo compounds to provide aminated alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Lang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045, (USA)
| | - Kaitie C Cartwright
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045, (USA)
| | - Richard S Welter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045, (USA)
| | - Theresa M Locascio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045, (USA)
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2010 Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence KS 66045, (USA)
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