1
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Abstract
We disclose herein electro-oxidative synthesis as the general protocol for procuring phenazines under mild reaction conditions. Using aerial oxygen as an oxidant, inexpensive electrolyte, and electrodes, a diverse range of phenazines have been accessed in good yields via the ring contraction of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepines. In addition, the syntheses of phenazines and diamino phenazines via direct electro-oxidation of dihydrophenazines and electro-dimerization of o-phenylenediamines, respectively, have also been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
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2
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Górski K, Ostojić T, Banasiewicz M, Ouellette ET, Grisanti L, Gryko DT. Conversion of Ketones into Blue-Emitting Electron-Deficient Benzofurans. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203464. [PMID: 36696516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel heavy metal-free and safe synthetic methodology enabling one-step conversion of ketones into corresponding 4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzofurans (F4 BFs) has been developed. The presented approach has numerous advantageous qualities, including utilization of readily available substrates, broad scope, scalability, and good reaction yields. Importantly, some of the benzofurans prepared by this method were heretofore inaccessible by any other known transformation. Importantly, furo[2,3-b]pyrazines and heretofore unexplored difuro[2,3-c:3',2'-e]pyridazine can be prepared using this strategy. Spectroscopic studies reveal that for simple systems, absorption and fluorescence maxima fall within the UV spectral range, while π-electron system expansion red-shifts both spectra. Moreover, the good fluorescence quantum yields observed in solution, up to 96 %, are also maintained in the solid state. Experimental results are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The presented methodology, combined with the spectroscopic characteristics, suggest the possibility of using F4 BFs in the optoelectronic industry (i. e., organic light emitting devices (OLED), organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV)) as inexpensive and readily available emissive or semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tea Ostojić
- Division of Theoretical Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luca Grisanti
- Division of Theoretical Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Dreher M, Dombrowski PM, Tripp MW, Münster N, Koert U, Witte G. Shape control in 2D molecular nanosheets by tuning anisotropic intermolecular interactions and assembly kinetics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1554. [PMID: 36944658 PMCID: PMC10030871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since molecular materials often decompose upon exposure to radiation, lithographic patterning techniques established for inorganic materials are usually not applicable for the fabrication of organic nanostructures. Instead, molecular self-organisation must be utilised to achieve bottom-up growth of desired structures. Here, we demonstrate control over the mesoscopic shape of 2D molecular nanosheets without affecting their nanoscopic molecular packing motif, using molecules that do not form lateral covalent bonds. We show that anisotropic attractive Coulomb forces between partially fluorinated pentacenes lead to the growth of distinctly elongated nanosheets and that the direction of elongation differs between nanosheets that were grown and ones that were fabricated by partial desorption of a complete molecular monolayer. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that lateral intermolecular interactions alone are sufficient to rationalise the different kinetics of structure formation during nanosheet growth and desorption, without inclusion of interactions between the molecules and the supporting MoS2 substrate. By comparison of the behaviour of differently fluorinated molecules, experimentally and computationally, we can identify properties of molecules with regard to interactions and molecular packing motifs that are required for an effective utilisation of the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Dreher
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Niels Münster
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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4
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Maier S, Heckershoff R, Hippchen N, Brödner K, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Hashmi ASK, Bunz UHF. Substituted Cyclopentannulated Tetraazapentacenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201842. [PMID: 35983676 PMCID: PMC9826220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brominated pentannulated dihydrotetraazapentacenes were prepared by gold- or palladium-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of TIPS-ethynylated dihydrotetraazaacenes (TIPS = triisopropylsilyl). Post-functionalization was demonstrated by Sonogashira alkynylation and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation. Calculations predict these species to act as n-type semiconductors, which was verified for two derivates through characterization in organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kerstin Brödner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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5
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Funabiki K, Yamada K, Arisawa Y, Watanabe A, Agou T, Kubota Y, Inuzuka T, Miwa Y, Udagawa T, Kutsumizu S. Design, Regioselective Synthesis, and Photophysical Properties of Perfluoronaphthalene-Based Donor-Acceptor-Donor Fluorescent Dyes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11751-11765. [PMID: 36001449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-step route to a series of perfluoronaphthalene-based donor (D)-acceptor (A)-D fluorescent dyes with various electron-donating groups was developed. The perfluoronaphthalene moiety in the D-A-D dyes served as a good electron-accepting aromatic ring with excellent intramolecular charge transfer properties, as determined by density functional theory calculations and measurements of the fluorescence properties in solution, in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films, and in crystal form. Notably, replacing the naphthalene ring with perfluoronaphthalene in the D-A-D dyes carrying the phenothiazine moiety not only stabilized the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels but also reduced the energy band gap to change the emission color from blue to yellow. Among the four synthesized perfluoronaphthalene D-A-D dyes, those bearing diphenylamino groups afforded the best fluorescence quantum yields in Et2O solution (0.60) and in PMMA film (0.65) because the propeller structure of the diphenylamino group that acts as a donor substituent effectively suppresses radiation-free deactivation. In contrast, in the crystalline state, the carbazoyl-bearing D-A-D dye provided the best fluorescence quantum yield (0.35) because the radiation-free inactivation was suppressed by π-πF stacking at the donor site, which was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuta Arisawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Arina Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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6
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Zeplichal M, Gies J, Bernd J, Winslaws DK, Chang T, Chen YS, Strauss SH, Boltalina OV, Terfort A. Fluorinated Azaacenes: Efficient Syntheses, Structures, and Electrochemical Properties. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Hofmann PE, Meinecke J, Harms K, Koert U. Synthesis and Functionalization of C6/C7 Substituted Pyrido[3,2‐
d
]pyrimidines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E. Hofmann
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg
| | - Jannick Meinecke
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg
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8
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Bischof D, Tripp MW, Hofmann PE, Ip CH, Ivlev SI, Gerhard M, Koert U, Witte G. Regioselective Fluorination of Acenes: Tailoring of Molecular Electronic Levels and Solid State Properties. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103653. [PMID: 34874080 PMCID: PMC9305256 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optoelectronic properties of molecular solids are important for organic electronic devices and are largely determined by the adopted molecular packing motifs. In this study, we analyzed such structure‐property relationships for the partially regioselective fluorinated tetracenes 1,2,12‐trifluorotetracene, 1,2,10,12‐tetrafluorotetracene and 1,2,9,10,11‐pentafluorotetracene that were further compared with tetracene and perfluoro‐tetracene. Quantum chemical DFT calculations in combination with optical absorption spectroscopy data show that the frontier orbital energies are lowered with the degree of fluorination, while their optical gap is barely affected. However, the crystal structure changes from a herringbone packing motif of tetracene towards a planar stacking motif of the fluorinated tetracene derivatives, which is accompanied by the formation of excimers and leads to strongly red‐shifted photoluminescence with larger lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bischof
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Physik, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Matthias W Tripp
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Philipp E Hofmann
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Chun-Ho Ip
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Physik, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, GERMANY
| | - Gregor Witte
- Philipps-Universitat Marburg Fachbereich 13 Physik, Physik, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, GERMANY
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9
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Kotwica K, Wielgus I, Proń A. Azaacenes Based Electroactive Materials: Preparation, Structure, Electrochemistry, Spectroscopy and Applications-A Critical Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185155. [PMID: 34576378 PMCID: PMC8472324 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This short critical review is devoted to the synthesis and functionalization of various types of azaacenes, organic semiconducting compounds which can be considered as promising materials for the fabrication of n-channel or ambipolar field effect transistors (FETs), components of active layers in light emitting diodes (LEDs), components of organic memory devices and others. Emphasis is put on the diversity of azaacenes preparation methods and the possibility of tuning their redox and spectroscopic properties by changing the C/N ratio, modifying the nitrogen atoms distribution mode, functionalization with electroaccepting or electrodonating groups and changing their molecular shape. Processability, structural features and degradation pathways of these compounds are also discussed. A unique feature of this review concerns the listed redox potentials of all discussed compounds which were normalized vs. Fc/Fc+. This required, in frequent cases, recalculation of the originally reported data in which these potentials were determined against different types of reference electrodes. The same applied to all reported electron affinities (EAs). EA values calculated using different methods were recalculated by applying the method of Sworakowski and co-workers (Org. Electron. 2016, 33, 300-310) to yield, for the first time, a set of normalized data, which could be directly compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kotwica
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland; (I.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Proń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland; (I.W.); (A.P.)
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10
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Zeiser C, Moretti L, Geiger T, Kalix L, Valencia AM, Maiuri M, Cocchi C, Bettinger HF, Cerullo G, Broch K. Permanent Dipole Moments Enhance Electronic Coupling and Singlet Fission in Pentacene. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7453-7458. [PMID: 34339199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF), the photophysical process in which one singlet exciton is transformed into two triplets, depends inter alia on the coupling of electronic states. Here, we use fluorination and the resulting changes in partial charge distribution across the chromophore backbone as a particularly powerful tool to control this parameter in pentacene. We find that the introduction of a permanent dipole moment leads to an enhanced coupling of Frenkel exciton and charge transfer states and to an increased SF rate which we probed using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. These findings are contrasted with H-aggregate formation and a significantly reduced triplet-pair state lifetime in a fluorinated pentacene for which the different partial charge distribution leads to a negligible dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Geiger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kalix
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana M Valencia
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Tripp MW, Bischof D, Dreher M, Witte G, Koert U. Synthesis and Molecular Properties of Partially Fluorinated DNTTs**. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Tripp
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Daniel Bischof
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Dreher
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Department of Physics Philipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Department of Chemistry Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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12
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Tripp MW, Koert U. Synthesis of 6,13-difluoropentacene. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2136-2140. [PMID: 32952730 PMCID: PMC7476596 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
6,13-Difluoropentacene was synthesized from 1,4-difluorobenzene. Friedel-Crafts annulation of the latter with phthalic anhydride and subsequent reduction of the anthraquinone gave 1,4-difluoroanthracene. After ortho-lithiation and reaction with phthalic anhydride a carboxylic acid was obtained whose Friedel-Crafts acylation and subsequent reductive removal of the oxygen-functionalities resulted in the formation of the target compound. The HOMO-LUMO gap of 6,13-difluoropentacene was determined via UV-vis spectroscopy and compared to other fluorinated pentacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Tripp
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35034 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35034 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Hofmann PE, Tripp MW, Bischof D, Grell Y, Schiller ALC, Breuer T, Ivlev SI, Witte G, Koert U. Unilaterally Fluorinated Acenes: Synthesis and Solid-State Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16501-16505. [PMID: 32510761 PMCID: PMC7540388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of organic electronics is closely related to the availability of molecular materials with specific electronic properties. Here, we introduce a novel synthetic route enabling a unilateral functionalization of acenes along their long side, which is demonstrated by the synthesis of 1,2,10,11,12,14-hexafluoropentacene (1) and the related 1,2,9,10,11-pentafluorotetracene (2). Quantum chemical DFT calculations in combination with optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data indicate that the single-molecule properties of 1 are a connecting link between the organic semiconductor model systems pentacene (PEN) and perfluoropentacene (PFP). In contrast, the crystal structure analysis reveals a different packing motif than for the parent molecules. This can be related to distinct F⋅⋅⋅H interactions identified in the corresponding Hirshfeld surface analysis and also affects solid-state properties such as the exciton binding energy and the sublimation enthalpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E. Hofmann
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Matthias W. Tripp
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Daniel Bischof
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität MarburgRenthof 735032MarburgGermany
| | - Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Anna L. C. Schiller
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität MarburgRenthof 735032MarburgGermany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität MarburgRenthof 735032MarburgGermany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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14
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Hofmann PE, Tripp MW, Bischof D, Grell Y, Schiller ALC, Breuer T, Ivlev SI, Witte G, Koert U. Unilateral fluorierte Acene: Synthese und Festkörpereigenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E. Hofmann
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Matthias W. Tripp
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Bischof
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Anna L. C. Schiller
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich PhysikPhilipps-Universität Marburg Renthof 7 35032 Marburg Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Deutschland
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15
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Agou T, Kohara M, Tamura Y, Yamada K, Shiitsuka K, Hosoya T, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Hayashi Y, Moronuki Y, Ishii A, Tanaka Y, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Yamada S, Konno T, Fukumoto H, Kubota T. Helicenes Fused with Hexafluorocyclopentene (HFCP): Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Masaki Kohara
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yuuki Tamura
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamada
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kazuki Shiitsuka
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takaaki Hosoya
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Yusuke Moronuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishii
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Saitama University; 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku 338-8570 Saitama Saitama Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR); Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR); Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa 351-0198 Wako Saitama Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033 Tokyo Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM); Shinshu University; 3-15-1 Tokida 386-8567 Ueda Nagano Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Sakyo-ku 606-8585 Kyoto Kyoto Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Sakyo-ku 606-8585 Kyoto Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukumoto
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science; Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Ibaraki University; 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa 316-8511 Hitachi Ibaraki Japan
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16
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Agou T, Suzuki S, Kanno Y, Hosoya T, Fukumoto H, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Suda Y, Furukawa S, Saito M, Kubota T. Synthesis and properties of perfluoroalkylated TIPS-pentacenes. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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18
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Ji L, Hahn S, Biegger P, Reiss H, Han J, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Moos M, Freudenberg J, Lambert C, Dreuw A, Marder TB, Bunz UHF. Mono- and Dianion of a Bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene Derivative. Chemistry 2019; 25:9840-9845. [PMID: 31155772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A bis(benzobuta)tetraazapentacene derivative was reduced to its radical anion and its dianion, using potassium [18]crown-6 anthracenide in THF. Both reduced species were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy of the isolated species and by spectroelectrochemistry. Two distinct single-crystal structures of the dianion and an EPR spectrum of the radical anion were obtained. Contrary to other azaacenes, the lowest energy absorption in the UV/Vis spectrum of the dianion is redshifted in comparison to that of the neutral compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phillip Biegger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Reiss
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen and Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Kataoka S, Fukumoto H, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T, Nishimura K, Agou T, Kubota T. Effective synthesis of fluorine-containing phenanthrene bearing hydroxyl group using Mallory reaction and its application for fluorinated polyesters. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Hashimoto S, Kayahara E, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Yamago S. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Polyfluorinated Cycloparaphenylenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5973-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigma Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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21
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Ito S, Koshino K, Mikami K. CF 3 -Inspired Synthesis of Air-Tolerant 9-Phosphaanthracenes that Feature Fluorescence and Crystalline Polymorphs. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:830-837. [PMID: 29377570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
9-Phosphaanthracene (dibenzo[b,e]phosphorin, acridophosphine) has attracted interest as one of the heavier acenes. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient synthetic process that provides air-tolerant 1,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9-phosphaanthracenes. The sterically encumbered and electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl (CF3 ) groups are quite advantageous not only to stabilize the intrinsically unstable heavier unsaturated phosphorus atom but also to facilitate construction of the phosphinine skeleton based on a putative increase in aromaticity. The isolated 9-phosphaanthracenes allowed characterization of their fluorescence functionality and planar heteroanthracene frameworks. The crystal structures of 9-phosphaanthracenes are remarkably dependent on the aryl substituents at the 10 position; anthryl-substituted 9-phosphaanthracene showed unique polymorphs that induced different-colored crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kota Koshino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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22
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Yamada S, Kinoshita K, Iwama S, Yamazaki T, Kubota T, Yajima T, Yamamoto K, Tahara S. Synthesis of perfluoroalkylated pentacenes and evaluation of their fundamental physical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2522-2535. [PMID: 28256673 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical pentacenes carrying two perfluoroalkyl (Rf) chains, at the 6 and 13 positions, were synthesized from easily available pentacene-6,13-quinone via facile three or four step reactions. After extensive evaluation, it was clearly found that the control of both the electron density of the aromatic rings on the pentacene core and molecular alignment in the crystalline state nicely affected their physical properties. Thus, we successfully prove in this article that (1) their anti-oxidation ability was significantly enhanced due to a decrease in the HOMO and LUMO energy and (2) a distinct difference in charge-transporting properties was observed between the symmetrical and unsymmetrical pentacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Shota Iwama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa 4-12-1, Hitachi 316-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamamoto
- Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8775, Japan
| | - Shinya Tahara
- Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., Hazawa-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8775, Japan
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23
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Yamada S, Yamazaki T. Regioselective Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl-substituted Condensed Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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24
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Abstract
Combining Hirshfeld surface analysis with single molecule electrostatic property calculations allows rationalizing crystalline packing motifs of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Klues
- Fachbereich Physik
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - G. Witte
- Fachbereich Physik
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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25
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Wagner F, Harms K, Koert U. Synthesis of Methylene-Bridged Bisnaphthalenes as Building Blocks for Push-Pull Substituted Pentacenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Wagner
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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26
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Rinn A, Breuer T, Wiegand J, Beck M, Hübner J, Döring RC, Oestreich M, Heimbrodt W, Witte G, Chatterjee S. Interfacial Molecular Packing Determines Exciton Dynamics in Molecular Heterostructures: The Case of Pentacene-Perfluoropentacene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42020-42028. [PMID: 29135216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The great majority of electronic and optoelectronic devices depend on interfaces between p-type and n-type semiconductors. Finding matching donor-acceptor systems in molecular semiconductors remains a challenging endeavor because structurally compatible molecules may not necessarily be suitable with respect to their optical and electronic properties, and the large exciton binding energy in these materials may favor bound electron-hole pairs rather than free carriers or charge transfer at an interface. Regardless, interfacial charge-transfer exciton states are commonly considered as an intermediate step to achieve exciton dissociation. The formation efficiency and decay dynamics of such states will strongly depend on the molecular makeup of the interface, especially the relative alignment of donor and acceptor molecules. Structurally well-defined pentacene-perfluoropentacene heterostructures of different molecular orientations are virtually ideal model systems to study the interrelation between molecular packing motifs at the interface and their electronic properties. Comparing the emission dynamics of the heterosystems and the corresponding unitary films enables accurate assignment of every observable emission signal in the heterosystems. These heterosystems feature two characteristic interface-specific luminescence channels at around 1.4 and 1.5 eV that are not observed in the unitary samples. Their emission strength strongly depends on the molecular alignment of the respective donor and acceptor molecules, emphasizing the importance of structural control for device construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Rinn
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Wiegand
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Beck
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Hübner
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robin C Döring
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Oestreich
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover , Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfram Heimbrodt
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sangam Chatterjee
- Faculty of Physics & Materials Sciences Centre, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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27
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Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Müller M, Beglaryan SS, Koser S, Hahn S, Tverskoy O, Rominger F, Bunz UHF. Dicyano-Substituted Diazaacenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:7066-7073. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Stella S. Beglaryan
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Silke Koser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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29
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Breuer T, Karthäuser A, Klemm H, Genuzio F, Peschel G, Fuhrich A, Schmidt T, Witte G. Exceptional Dewetting of Organic Semiconductor Films: The Case of Dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) at Dielectric Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:8384-8392. [PMID: 28218510 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel organic semiconductor dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) has gained considerable interest because its large charge carrier mobility and distinct chemical robustness enable the fabrication of organic field effect transistors with remarkable long-term stability under ambient conditions. Structural aspects of DNTT films and their control, however, remain so far largely unexplored. Interestingly, the crystalline structure of DNTT is rather similar to that of the prototypical pentacene, for which the molecular orientation in crystalline thin films can be controlled by means of interface-mediated growth. Combining atomic force microscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, photoelectron emission microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we compare substrate-mediated control of molecular orientation, morphology, and wetting behavior of DNTT films on the prototypical substrates SiO2 and graphene as well as technologically relevant dielectric surfaces (SiO2 and metal oxides that were pretreated with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)). We found an immediate three-dimensional growth on graphene substrates, while an interfacial wetting layer is formed on the other substrates. Rather surprisingly, we observe distinct temporal changes of DNTT thin films on SiO2 and the SAM-treated dielectric substrates, which exhibit a pronounced dewetting and island formation on time scales of minutes to hours, even under ambient conditions, leading to a breakup of the initially closed wetting layer. These findings are unexpected in view of the reported long-time stability of DNTT-based devices. Therefore, their future consideration is expected to enable the further improvement of such applications, especially since these structural modifications are equivalently observed also on the SAM-treated dielectric surfaces, which are commonly used in device processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Karthäuser
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Klemm
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Genuzio
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gina Peschel
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Fuhrich
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Abteilung Chemische Physik, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg , 35032 Marburg, Germany
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30
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Lehnherr D, Adam M, Murray AH, McDonald R, Hampel F, Tykwinski RR. Synthesis, physical properties, and chemistry of donor–acceptor-substituted pentacenes. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentacenes bearing electron-donating and (or) -withdrawing groups, namely methoxy-, dialkylamino-, and nitroaryl moieties, are synthesized to afford polarized pentacenes. The optical, electrochemical, and chemical properties of these derivatives are explored. The cycloaddition reaction of selected derivatives with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) is explored, and the experimental results are rationalized on the basis calculations using density functional theory (DFT). X-ray crystallographic data provides insight into the molecular structure and intermolecular interactions present in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthias Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian H. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestr. 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Abstract
The outstanding performance of pentacene-based molecules in molecular electronics, as well as the predicted enhanced semiconducting properties of extended acenes, have stimulated the development of new synthetic methods and functionalization strategies for the preparation of stable and soluble acenes larger than tetracene with the aim of obtaining improved functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel43007TarragonaSpain
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32
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Wang W, Wang L, Dai G, Deng W, Zhang X, Jie J, Zhang X. Controlled Growth of Large-Area Aligned Single-Crystalline Organic Nanoribbon Arrays for Transistors and Light-Emitting Diodes Driving. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2017; 9:52. [PMID: 30393747 PMCID: PMC6199044 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-017-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on organic micro-/nanocrystals have been widely reported with charge carrier mobility exceeding 1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1, demonstrating great potential for high-performance, low-cost organic electronic applications. However, fabrication of large-area organic micro-/nanocrystal arrays with consistent crystal growth direction has posed a significant technical challenge. Here, we describe a solution-processed dip-coating technique to grow large-area, aligned 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl) anthracene (BPEA) and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-PEN) single-crystalline nanoribbon arrays. The method is scalable to a 5 × 10 cm2 wafer substrate, with around 60% of the wafer surface covered by aligned crystals. The quality of crystals can be easily controlled by tuning the dip-coating speed. Furthermore, OFETs based on well-aligned BPEA and TIPS-PEN single-crystalline nanoribbons were constructed. By optimizing channel lengths and using appropriate metallic electrodes, the BPEA and TIPS-PEN-based OFETs showed hole mobility exceeding 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average mobility 1.2 cm2 V-1 s-1) and 3.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average mobility 2.0 cm2 V-1 s-1), respectively. They both have a high on/off ratio (I on/I off) > 109. The performance can well satisfy the requirements for light-emitting diodes driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaole Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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33
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Granger DB, Mei Y, Thorley KJ, Parkin SR, Jurchescu OD, Anthony JE. Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Derivatives of 1,4-bis(trialkylsilylethynyl)benzo[2,3-b:5,6-b′]diindolizines. Org Lett 2016; 18:6050-6053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin B. Granger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Chemistry-Physics Building, 505
Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yaochuan Mei
- Department
of Physics, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Chemistry-Physics Building, 505
Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Chemistry-Physics Building, 505
Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Oana D. Jurchescu
- Department
of Physics, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Road, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Chemistry-Physics Building, 505
Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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34
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Biegger P, Schaffroth M, Tverskoy O, Rominger F, Bunz UHF. A Stable Bis(benzocyclobutadiene)-Annelated Tetraazapentacene Derivative. Chemistry 2016; 22:15896-15901. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Biegger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuel Schaffroth
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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35
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Pal B, Lin BC, Dela Cerna MVC, Hsu CP, Lin CH. Face-to-Face Packing of 2,3,9,10-Tetrasubstituted Pentacene Derivatives Revealed through a Solid State [4 + 4] Thermal Cycloaddition and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6223-34. [PMID: 27362625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2,3,9,10-Substituted pentacene tetraesters and pentacene diester-dinitriles were synthesized. These pentacene derivatives underwent an unusual solid state [4 + 4] thermal dimerization with good efficiency and complete stereoselectivity. This observation indicates this series of pentacene derivatives adopt π-π stacking geometry with large mutual overlap in solid state. This notion was confirmed by molecualr dynamic simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Pal
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Academia Road, Section 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chao Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Academia Road, Section 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Academia Road, Section 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsiu Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Academia Road, Section 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Bunz UHF, Engelhart JU. The Palladium Way to N-Heteroacenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:4680-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jens U. Engelhart
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Chemistry; MIT; 77 Massachusetts Av. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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37
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Breuer T, Klues M, Liesfeld P, Viertel A, Conrad M, Hecht S, Witte G. Self-assembly of partially fluorinated hexabenzocoronene derivatives in the solid state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:33344-33350. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06126e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We provide a detailed understanding on a successful route to control the molecular packing motif within novel fluorinated hexabenzocoronenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich Physik
- Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Michael Klues
- Fachbereich Physik
- Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Pauline Liesfeld
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Andreas Viertel
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik
- Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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38
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Meyenburg I, Breuer T, Karthäuser A, Chatterjee S, Witte G, Heimbrodt W. Temperature-resolved optical spectroscopy of pentacene polymorphs: variation of herringbone angles in single-crystals and interface-controlled thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3825-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interrelation between the Davydov splitted singlet-exciton and the temperature dependent herringbone angle in crystalline pentacene films is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Meyenburg
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Andrea Karthäuser
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Sangam Chatterjee
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Wolfram Heimbrodt
- Philipps-University Marburg
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center
- D-35032 Marburg
- Germany
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39
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Wagner F, Harms K, Koert U. Hauser–Heck: Efficient Synthesis of γ-Aryl-β-ketoesters en Route to Substituted Naphthalenes. Org Lett 2015; 17:5670-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Wagner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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