1
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Zacharias H, Begum A, Han J, Bartholome TA, Marder TB, Martin CD. Synthesis of phenanthrylboroles and formal nitrene insertion to access azaborapyrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39072482 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02863e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Extended conjugation has been introduced into boroles but only on the 2,3- or 4,5-positions of the central BC4 core. In this work we synthesize phenanthrylboroles that also have conjugation on the 3,4-positions and demonstrate their insertion reactivity with azides to furnish B,N-analogues of pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harie Zacharias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | - Ayesha Begum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | - Jianhua Han
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tyler A Bartholome
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
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2
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Zhu L, Feng Z, Kinjo R. Crystalline Radical Anion of a Diboratriazole and Its Conversion to a Neutral Radical Driven by a Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39033410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of diboratriazole 1 with potassium graphite (KC8) generates the radical anion 1•-•K+, which undergoes a salt (KCl) elimination reaction upon addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) to afford the neutral diboratriazole radical 3. An X-ray diffraction analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and computational studies revealed that an unpaired electron in radical species 1•-•K+ and 3 is delocalized over the π-system of the B2N3 and carbene rings. Reversible oxidation of 3 gives rise to a diboratriazole cation 4 featuring a 6π aromatic character. Moreover, treating 1•-•K+ with a half equivalent of a bis(NHC) produces a biradical species 5, in which there is little interaction between two radical moieties separated by the bis(NHC) linker, suggesting the dis-biradical property. 5 undergoes stepwise and reversible two-electron oxidation, establishing three formal oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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3
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Czernetzki C, Kunz T, Huynh S, Lamprecht A, Sprenger J, Finze M, Arrowsmith M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis and Reactivity of Tricoordinate Organoberyllium Azides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401279. [PMID: 38470074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A series of terminal mono- and disubstituted beryllium azides of the form [(CAAC)Be(N3)R] (R=CAACH, Dur; CAACH/CAAC=1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-yl/idene, Dur=2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl) and [L2Be(N3)2] (L=CAACNH=1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-imine, IiPrMe=1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene), respectively, were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis and photolysis products of these first examples of tricoordinate azidoberyllium complexes evidence extensive ligand scrambling and the formal insertion of nitrenes into the CAAC-Be bond, generating cyclic alkyl(amino)imine (CAAI) ligands. Furthermore, the reaction with a small N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) leads to unexpected CAAC-NHC ligand exchange, while the reaction with pentaphenylborole yields the first γ-azide adduct of a borole, long postulated to be the first step in the synthesis of 1,2-azaborinines from boroles and azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Czernetzki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Kunz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Huynh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sprenger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Xu X, Zhu YK, Dai CM, Xu J, Jian J. Synthesis and characterization of azaborepin radicals in solid neon through boron-mediated C-N bond cleavage of pyridine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11048-11055. [PMID: 38528841 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of pyridine is a complex topic due to its unique electronic structure. The reactions of atomic boron with pyridine molecules in solid neon have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared absorption spectroscopy. Three products (marked as A, B, and C) were observed and characterized through 10B, D and 15N isotopic substitution pyridine regents as well as quantum chemical calculations. In the reaction, the ground-state boron atom can attack the lone pair electrons of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine molecule, resulting in the formation of a 1-boropyridinyl radical (A). Alternatively, addition to the aromatic π-system of pyridine can occur in a [1,4] type, leading to the formation of a B[η2(1,4)-C5H5N] complex (B). Under UV-visible light (280 < λ < 580 nm) irradiation, these two compounds can further undergo photo-isomerization to form BN-embedded seven-membered azaborepin compounds (C). The observation of species A, B, and the subsequent photo-isomerization to species C is consistent with theoretical predictions, indicating that these reactions are kinetically favorable. This research provides valuable insights into the future design and synthesis of corresponding BN heterocyclic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China.
| | - Yi-Kang Zhu
- Xiaoshan Campus, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Dai
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China.
| | - Jiaping Xu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China.
| | - Jiwen Jian
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China.
- Xiaoshan Campus, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311231, China
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5
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Bischof T, Wieprecht N, Fuchs S, Endres L, Krummenacher I, Michel M, Mihm C, Braunschweig H, Finze M. Unlocking Heteroaromatic Ring Systems through Chalcogen Insertion into Boroles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21329-21335. [PMID: 38048693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the reactivity of various annulated borole derivatives toward chalcogen (O, S, and Se) insertion. Among a series of 9-borafluorenes with different boron substituents (Ph, Br, or o-carboranyl) and a mixed thiophene-benzene-fused derivative, only the 9-o-carboranyl-substituted 9-borafluorene yielded the complete set of chalcogen-containing heteroarenes, including the first 1,2-selenaborinine derivative. To evaluate the aromaticity of this heterocyclic analogue of phenanthrene, nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values were computed and compared to those of its lighter group 16 congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bischof
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nele Wieprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Endres
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius Mihm
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Heilmann A, Saddington AM, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Aluminium and Gallium Silylimides as Nitride Sources. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302512. [PMID: 37604785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Terminal aluminium and gallium imides of the type K[(NON)M(NR)], bearing heteroatom substituents at R, have been synthesised via reactions of anionic aluminium(I) and gallium(I) reagents with silyl and boryl azides (NON=4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropyl-anilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethyl-xanthene). These systems vary significantly in their lability in solution: the N(Sii Pr3 ) and N(Boryl) complexes are very labile, on account of the high basicity at nitrogen. Phenylsilylimido derivatives provide greater stabilization through the π-acceptor capabilities of the SiR3 group. K[(NON)AlN(Sit BuPh2 )] offers a workable compromise between stability and solubility, and has been completely characterized by spectroscopic, analytical and crystallographic methods. The silylimide species examined feature minimal π-bonding between the imide ligand and aluminium/gallium, with the HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals effectively comprising orthogonal lone pairs centred at N. Reactivity-wise, both aluminium and gallium silylimides can act as viable sources of nitride, [N]3- , with systems derived from either metal reacting with CO to afford cyanide complexes. By contrast, only the gallium system K[(NON)Ga{N(SiPh3 )}] is capable of effecting a similar transformation with N2 O to yield azide, N3 - , via formal oxide/nitride metathesis. The aluminium systems instead generate RN3 via transfer of the imide fragment [RN]2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Artemis M Saddington
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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7
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Zhu L, Kinjo R. Crystalline 2π Aromatic Azadiboriridinylium: A BN Analogue of Cyclopropenylium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312949. [PMID: 37828652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
N-Substitution of a thermally unstable diboratriazole 1 with a trimethylsilyl group affords a remarkably stable diboratriazole derivative 2. Ring contraction of 2 with an N-heterocyclic carbene accompanied by the release of N2 as well as 1,4-hydrogen shift affords a carbene-stabilized azadiboriridine 3. Abstraction of the H-B3mem hydride in 3 with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate leads to the isolation of a hitherto unknown azadiboriridinylium 4, the first BN analogue of cyclopropenylium cation. X-ray diffraction analysis and computational studies confirmed the delocalization of π electrons over the B2 N three-membered ring, indicating the 2π aromatic feature. Compound 4 undergoes ring expansion reactions with azobenzene and pyridazine to furnish triazadiborolidinylium species 5 and 6, the latter of which possesses a cationic B2 N3 ring with a pronounced 6π aromatic property. Moreover, the reaction of 4 with a diazo compound produces a cationic B2 N3 C pentafulvene derivative 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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8
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Zhu L, Kinjo R. Reactions of main group compounds with azides forming organic nitrogen-containing species. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5563-5606. [PMID: 37519098 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of phenyl azide by Grieß in 1864, a variety of organic azides (R-N3) have been developed and extensively studied. The amenability of azides to a number of reactions has expanded their utility as building blocks not only in organic synthesis but also in bioorthogonal chemistry and materials science. Over the decades, it has been demonstrated that the reactions of main group compounds with azides lead to diverse N-containing main group molecules. In view of the pronounced progress in this area, this review summarizes the reactions of main group compounds with azides, emphatically introducing their reaction patterns and mechanisms. The reactions of forming inorganic nitrogen species are not included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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9
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Lindl F, Lamprecht A, Arrowsmith M, Khitro E, Rempel A, Dietz M, Wellnitz T, Bélanger-Chabot G, Stoy A, Paprocki V, Prieschl D, Lenczyk C, Ramler J, Lichtenberg C, Braunschweig H. Aromatic 1,2-Azaborinin-1-yls as Electron-Withdrawing Anionic Nitrogen Ligands for Main Group Elements. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203345. [PMID: 36412126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 2-aryl-3,4,5,6-tetraphenyl-1,2-azaborinines 1-EMe3 and 2-EMe3 (E=Si, Sn; aryl=Ph (1), Mes (=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2)) were synthesized by ring-expansion of borole precursors with N3 EMe3 -derived nitrenes. Desilylative hydrolysis of 1- and 2-SiMe3 yielded the corresponding N-protonated azaborinines, which were deprotonated with nBuLi or MN(SiMe3 )2 (M=Na, K) to the corresponding group 1 salts, 1-M and 2-M. While the lithium salts crystallized as monomeric Lewis base adducts, the potassium salts formed coordination polymers or oligomers via intramolecular K⋅⋅⋅aryl π interactions. The reaction of 1-M or 2-M with CO2 yielded N-carboxylate salts, which were derivatized by salt metathesis to methyl and silyl esters. Salt metathesis of 1-M or 2-M with methyl triflate, [Cp*BeCl] (Cp*=C5 Me5 ), BBr2 Ar (Ar=Ph, Mes, 2-thienyl), ECl3 (E=B, Al, Ga) and PX3 (X=Cl, Br) afforded the respective group 2, 13 and 15 1,2-azaborinin-2-yl complexes. Salt metathesis of 1-K with BBr3 resulted not only in N-borylation but also Ph-Br exchange between the endocyclic and exocyclic boron atoms. Solution 11 B NMR data suggest that the 1,2-azaborinin-2-yl ligand is similarly electron-withdrawing to a bromide. In the solid state the endocyclic bond length alternation and the twisting of the C4 BN ring increase with the sterics of the substituents at the boron and nitrogen atoms, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the downfield shift of the endocyclic 11 B NMR resonances is linearly correlated to both the degree of twisting of the C4 BN ring and the tilt angle of the N-substituent. Calculations indicate that the 1,2-azaborinin-1-yl ligand has no sizeable π-donor ability and that the aromaticity of the ring can be subtly tuned by the electronics of the N-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lindl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lamprecht
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Khitro
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Paprocki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Chemistry Department - FB 15, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Li Y, Shen YH, Esper AM, Tidwell JR, Veige AS, Martin CD. Probing borafluorene B-C bond insertion with gold acetylide and azide. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:668-674. [PMID: 36537567 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Ph3PAuN3 with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene resulted in complexation of the azide to boron while a gold acetylide reacted with 9-Ph-9-borafluorene to insert the acetylide carbon to access a six-membered boracycle with an exocyclic double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Li
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Shen
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alec M Esper
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John R Tidwell
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | - Adam S Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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11
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Zhang Y, Li W, Jiang R, Zhang L, Li Y, Xu X, Liu X. Synthetic Doping of Acenaphthylene through BN/CC Isosterism and a Direct Comparison with BN-Acenaphthene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12986-12996. [PMID: 36149831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Boron/nitrogen-doped acenaphthylenes, a new class of BN-doped cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were synthesized via indole-directed C-H borylation. The reference molecule BN-acenaphthene was also synthesized in a similar manner. Both BN-acenaphthylene and BN-acenaphthene were unequivocally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The aromaticities of each ring in BN-acenaphthylenes were quantified by experimental and theoretical methods. Moreover, doping the BN unit into acenaphthylene can increase the LUMO level and decrease the HOMO level, resulting in wider HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. Furthermore, regioselective bromination of BN-acenaphthylene (B-Mes) afforded monobrominated BN-acenaphthylene in good yield. Subsequently, cross-coupling of brominated BN-acenaphthylene gave a series of BN-acenaphthylene derivatives. In addition, the photophysical properties of these BN-acenaphthylene derivatives can be fine-tuned by the substituents on the BN-acenaphthylene scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhu L, Kinjo R. An Inorganic Huisgen Reaction between a 1,2‐Diboraallene and an Azide to Access a Diboratriazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207631. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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13
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Zhu L, Kinjo R. An Inorganic Huisgen Reaction between a 1,2‐Diboraallene and an Azide to Access a Diboratriazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- Nanyang Technological University Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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14
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Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Borylated Alkenes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Double Bond. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective formation of tetrasubstituted alkenes remains one of the key goals of modern organic synthesis. In addition to other methods, the stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes can be achieved by means of cross-coupling reactions of electrophilic and nucleophilic alkene templates. The use of electrophilic templates for the stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes has previously been described. Therefore, the present review summarizes the procedures available for the stereoselective preparation of tetrasubstituted alkenes using stable and isolable nucleophilic templates.
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15
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Akram MO, Tidwell JR, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD, Molino A, Martin CD. Accessing Boron-Doped Pentaphene Analogues from 12-Boradibenzofluorene. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9595-9604. [PMID: 35696381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borole-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their attractive photophysical properties and potential utility in electronic devices. In this work, a borole-doped PAH, 12-boradibenzofluorene, is synthesized and formal intermolecular nitrene and oxygen atom insertion reactions were employed to access 1,2-azaborine- and 1,2-oxaborine-containing analogues of the carbonaceous PAH pentaphene. Iodosobenzene is established as a versatile reagent for oxygen atom insertion reactions into a variety of borole species to access 1,2-oxaborine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjur O Akram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - John R Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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16
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Fuchs S, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Haley L, Baštovanović M, Fest M, Radacki K, Helten H, Braunschweig H. Diboramacrocycles: reversible borole dimerisation-dissociation systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2932-2938. [PMID: 35382462 PMCID: PMC8905844 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06908j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that the outcome of the tin–boron exchange reaction of a mixed thiophene-benzo-fused stannole with aryldibromoboranes is associated with the steric bulk of the aryl substituent of the borane reagent, leading to either boroles or large diboracycles as products. NMR spectroscopic studies indicate that the two products can reversibly interconvert in solution, and mechanistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal boroles to be intermediates in the formation of the diboracyclic products. The addition of Lewis bases to the diboracycles leads to the corresponding borole adducts, demonstrating that they react as “masked” boroles. Additionally, the reaction of the title compounds with a series of organic azides affords complex heteropropellanes, formally 2 : 1 borole-azide adducts, that deviate from the usual BN aromatic compounds formed via nitrogen atom insertion into the boroles. Diboramacrocycles are a new form of borole dimers, participating in various addition reactions as “masked” boroles. The reaction of a less crowded diboramacrocycle with organic azides affords unprecedented complex heteropropellanes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Laura Haley
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marta Baštovanović
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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17
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Xu J, Xu X, Li D, Jian J. Spectroscopic Characterization of Two Boron Heterocyclic Radicals in the Solid Neon Matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7961-7968. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel boron heterocyclic radicals, 3,4,5-trihydroborinine radical and 1-methyl-2-dihydro-1H-borole radical, were observed in the reaction of boron atom with cyclopentene. These radicals were trapped in solid neon and identified by...
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18
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Lindl FD, Fantuzzi F, Mailänder L, Hörl C, Bélanger-Chabot G, Braunschweig H. Azidoborolate anions and azidoborole adducts: isolable forms of an unstable borole azide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4735-4738. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Boroles are well known to undergo ring expansion reactions with organic azides to yield 1,2-azaborinines. A synthon featuring both azide and borole moieties within the same molecule, 1-azido-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylborole, was found...
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19
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Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of a highly reactive cationic borole. Halide abstraction with Li{Al[OC(CF3 )3 ]4 } from the NHC-chloroborole adduct yields the first stable NHC-supported 1-(Me NHC)-2,5-(SiMe3 )2 -3,4-(Ph*)2 -borole cation. Electronically, it features both a five-membered cyclic conjugated 4 π-electron system and a cationic charge and thus resembles the yet elusive cyclopentadienyl cation. The borole cation was characterized crystallographically, spectroscopically (NMR, UV/Vis), by cyclovoltammetry, microanalysis and mass-spectrometry and its electronic structure was probed computationally. The cation reacts with tolane and reversibly binds carbon monoxide. Direct comparison with the structurally related, yet neutral, 1-mesityl borole reveals strong Lewis acidity, reduced HOMO-LUMO gaps, and increased anti-aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammannstr. 437077GöttingenGermany
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20
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Thiess T, Bélanger‐Chabot G, Fantuzzi F, Michel M, Ernst M, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Diborane(4) Azides: Surprisingly Stable Sources of Transient Iminoboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15480-15486. [PMID: 32270577 PMCID: PMC7497274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the first examples of isolable electron-precise diboranes(4) that bear azide moieties: the acyclic 1,2-diazido-1,2-bis(dimethylamino)diborane(4) and the cyclic 1,4-diaryl-2,3-diazido-1,4-diaza-2,3-diborinines (aryl=mesityl, 2,6-xylyl, 4-tolyl). The reported examples are not only stable enough to be observed and isolated (putative transient diborane(4) azides previously reported by our group spontaneously decompose even below room temperature), but some of them are even robust enough to undergo controlled pyrolysis without explosive decomposition at temperatures well above 100 °C. In two cases, the controlled pyrolysis allows the isolation of complex diazaboretidines, which are the apparent dimerization products of endocyclic boryl-iminoboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Guillaume Bélanger‐Chabot
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Département de ChimieUniversité Laval1045 Avenue de la MédecineQuébecG1V 0A6Canada
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Moritz Ernst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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21
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Thiess T, Bélanger‐Chabot G, Fantuzzi F, Michel M, Ernst M, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Diboran(4)azide als stabile Quelle für kurzlebige Iminoborane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Thiess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Guillaume Bélanger‐Chabot
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Département de Chimie Université Laval 1045 Avenue de la Médecine Québec G1V 0A6 Kanada
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Moritz Ernst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor als Schlüsselelement Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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22
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Prieschl D, Arrowsmith M, Dietz M, Rempel A, Müller M, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes by γ-nitrogen insertion of azides into activated B-B single bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5681-5684. [PMID: 32319468 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The γ-nitrogen insertion of arylazides into the B-B bond of electron-rich cyclic μ-hydridodiboranes stabilised by one N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand leads to the expansion of the central C3B2 ring, yielding unsymmetrical polyheterocyclic 1,1-diboryltriazenes. The 2-benzyl-bridged analogues undergo further NHC ring expansion and thermally induced loss of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and the Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Drescher R, Lin S, Hofmann A, Lenczyk C, Kachel S, Krummenacher I, Lin Z, Braunschweig H. Ring expansion of alumoles with organic azides: selective formation of six-membered aluminum-nitrogen heterocycles. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5559-5564. [PMID: 32874499 PMCID: PMC7444475 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyclopentadienyl-substituted alumole is shown to undergo ring expansions with a series of organic azides, affording 1,2-azaaluminabenzenes either with or without an azo group.
Aside from simple Lewis acid–base chemistry, the reaction chemistry of aluminacyclopentadienes, which are commonly referred to as aluminoles or simply alumoles, remains relatively underdeveloped. To date, few attempts to extend their inherent insertion and cycloaddition reactivity to the construction of stable aluminum-containing heterocycles have been reported. Herein, we demonstrate the selective ring expansion of a cyclopentadienyl-substituted alumole with a series of organic azides to form unsaturated six-membered AlN heterocycles. Depending on the substituent on the azide, the reaction proceeds either with or without loss of dinitrogen, leading to incorporation of only the “NR” unit of the azide or the entire azo substituent into the periphery of the heterocycle. A deeper understanding of these ring expansion reactions is reached through computational studies, illustrating deviations in the mechanism as a function of the organic azide employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Drescher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Stephanie Kachel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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24
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Prieschl D, Bélanger-Chabot G, Guo X, Dietz M, Müller M, Krummenacher I, Lin Z, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of Complex Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycles Comprising Borylated Triazenes and Tetrazenes Under Mild Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1065-1076. [PMID: 31830413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of organic azides with diaryl(dihalo)diboranes(4) were explored, resulting in the observation of a number of surprising reactivity patterns. The reaction of phenyl azide with 1,2-diaryl-1,2-dihalodiboranes(4) resulted in the formation of five-membered rings comprising diboryl-triazenes with retention of the boron-boron bond, while the reaction of the peculiar 1,1-di(9-anthryl)-2,2-difluorodiborane(4) with phenyl azide yielded a six-membered ring bearing a diboryl-triazene, whereby the B-B bond was ruptured by the insertion of an arylnitrene-like reactive intermediate. Both types of heterocycles feature unprecedented connectivity patterns and are very rare examples of boryl triazenes beyond the more common 1,2,3-triazolatoboranes. They are also the product of a unique type of aryl migration from a boron center to the phenyl azide γ-nitrogen center. Lastly, the substitution of 1,2-diaryl-1,2-dihalodiboranes(4) with azide groups, using trimethylsilyl azide as the transfer reagent, yielded boryl-tetrazaboroles and diboryldiazadiboretidines (as side-products), invoking the intermediacy of the first N-boryl-substituted iminoboranes, which are BN isosteres of monoborylated alkynes. The synthetic results are complemented with mechanistic proposals derived from quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Guillaume Bélanger-Chabot
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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25
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Heitkemper T, Naß L, Sindlinger CP. 2,5-Bis-trimethylsilyl substituted boroles. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2706-2714. [PMID: 32049092 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript includes a comprehensive study of the synthesis and spectroscopic features of 2,5-disilyl boroles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard Naß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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26
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Su X, Baker JJ, Martin CD. Dimeric boroles: effective sources of monomeric boroles for heterocycle synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 11:126-131. [PMID: 32110363 PMCID: PMC7012074 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimeric boroles as thermal sources of monomers.
Monomeric boroles have been gaining attention as reagents for the synthesis of heterocycles due to their ability to insert atoms into the BC4 ring in a single step. Although unique boron frameworks can be accessed via this methodology, the products feature aryl substitution on the carbon centers as steric bulk is required to preclude borole dimerization. This work demonstrates that insertion chemistry is possible with Diels–Alder dimeric boroles and that such reactivity is not exclusive to monomeric boroles with bulky groups. With 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylborole dimer, the formal 1,1-insertion of a nitrene and sulfur generate the six-membered aromatic 1,2-azaborine and 1,2-thiaborine, respectively. The isolation of the 1,2-thiaborine enabled the synthesis of an η6-chromium complex. Benzophenone and diphenylketene readily insert a CO unit to generate BOC5 seven-membered rings confirming dimeric boroles can serve as monomeric synthons in 1,2-insertion reactions. An epoxide did not furnish the anticipated eight-membered BOC6 ring, instead provided a bicyclic system with a BOC3 ring. The insertion chemistry was demonstrated with two other borole dimers featuring different substitution with diphenylketene as a substrate. This work elevates borole insertion chemistry to a new level to access products that do not require bulky substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
| | - J J Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place #97348 , Waco , TX 76798 , USA .
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27
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Heitkemper T, Sindlinger CP. Electronic Push-Pull Modulation by Peripheral Substituents in Pentaaryl Boroles. Chemistry 2019; 25:6628-6637. [PMID: 30861220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Establishing access to a bulky tetraaryl dilithiobutadiene (Ph*C)4 Li2 (Ph*=3,5-tBu2 (C6 H3 )) allowed for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles with incorporated main-group elements. Along with an amino borole, a set of substituted pentaaryl boroles (Ph*C)4 BAr has been synthesized. The examination of their absorption spectra and computational studies by means of DFT granted insight into the influence of peripheral substituents on the electronic features of the parent pentaphenyl borole (PhC)4 BPh. Introduction of the more electron-rich Ph* residue at the carbon atoms increases the HOMO energy, redshifting the visible π/π*-absorption bands compared with the parent pentaphenyl borole. The influence on the frontier orbitals of three different boron-bound aryls with electronically modulating substituents in the remote 3,5-positions Ar=3,5-R2 -C6 H3 (R=Me, H, CF3 ) was studied. The substituents were found to increase (+I effect, Me) or decrease (-I effect, CF3 ) the LUMO energy, thus directly affecting the visible absorption spectra. This represents the first study on HOMO-LUMO-gap adjustments by a combined push-pull approach of a substituted pentaphenylborole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Meier M, Ji L, Nitsch J, Krummenacher I, Deißenberger A, Auerhammer D, Schäfer M, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Preparation and Characterization of a π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor System Containing the Strongly Electron-Accepting Tetraphenylborolyl Unit. Chemistry 2019; 25:4707-4712. [PMID: 30786077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel thiophene-bridged donor-acceptor system was synthesized with a carbazole as donor and a borole as acceptor unit. The borole group was successfully installed via the tin-boron exchange reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylstannole with 9-(5-(dibromoboryl)thiophen-2-yl)carbazole. The effect of the borole on the optoelectronic properties of the donor-acceptor system was explored by spectroscopic (UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (TD-DFT) methods as well as by modifying its structure. The corresponding donor-acceptor compound bearing the widely employed dimesitylboryl acceptor group was also synthesized for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Auerhammer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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29
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Laperriere LE, Yruegas S, Martin CD. Investigating the reactivity of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with N H, O H, P H, and S H bonds. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Baker JJ, Al Furaiji KHM, Liyanage OT, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL, Martin CD. Diverse Reactivity of Dienes with Pentaphenylborole and 1-Phenyl-2,3,4,5-Tetramethylborole Dimer. Chemistry 2019; 25:1581-1587. [PMID: 30457687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of a monomeric borole and a dimeric borole with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene were investigated. The monomeric borole reacted at ambient temperature whereas heat was required to crack the dimer to form the monomer and induce reactivity. 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene reacts to give diverse products resulting from a cycloaddition process with the B-C moiety of the boroles acting as a dienophile, followed by rearrangements to furnish bicyclic species. For 1,3-cyclohexadiene, a [4+2] process is observed in which 1,3-cyclohexadiene serves as the dienophile and the boroles as the diene partner. The experimental results are corroborated with mechanistic theoretical calculations that indicate boroles can serve as either a diene or dienophile in cycloaddition reactions with dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Khadilah H M Al Furaiji
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - O Tara Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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31
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Lindl F, Lin S, Krummenacher I, Lenczyk C, Stoy A, Müller M, Lin Z, Braunschweig H. 1,2,3-Diazaborinin: ein BN-Analogon des Pyridins durch Borol-Ringerweiterung mit einem organischen Azid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lindl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Departement Chemie; Universität für Wissenschaft und Technologie Hongkong; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hongkong China
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Departement Chemie; Universität für Wissenschaft und Technologie Hongkong; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hongkong China
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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32
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Abstract
Most of the chemical and biological processes involving the fixation and transformation of small molecules have long been exclusive for metal complexes. Meanwhile, the last decades have seen a significant advance in main group chemistry that mimics transition-metal complexes, among which various boron-containing systems have been successful in mediating the small molecule activation. In this review, we focus on boron-containing heterocycles enabling the activation of σ- and π-bonds in small molecules, in conjunction with the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Su
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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33
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Yuvaraj K, Jones C. Synthesis and reactivity of boryl substituted silaimines. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11961-11965. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two bulky N-boryl substituted silaimines have been prepared and their reactivity toward a number of small molecule substrates examined (e.g. see picture, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry
- PO Box 23
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry
- PO Box 23
- Monash University
- Australia
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34
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Keck C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Bettinger HF. Photo electron transfer induced desilylation of N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminodibenzoborole to aminodibenzoborole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7470-7473. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03415c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced desilylation proceeds by single electron transfer and yields the first example of an unsubstituted aminoborole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Keck
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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35
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Bartholome TA, Bluer KR, Martin CD. Successive carbene insertion into 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6319-6322. [PMID: 30942222 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with trimethylsilyldiazomethane in a 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 stoichiometry furnished the corresponding BC5 and BC6 heterocycles via the formal insertion of one and two carbene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Bartholome
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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36
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Lindl F, Lin S, Krummenacher I, Lenczyk C, Stoy A, Müller M, Lin Z, Braunschweig H. 1,2,3-Diazaborinine: A BN Analogue of Pyridine Obtained by Ring Expansion of a Borole with an Organic Azide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:338-342. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lindl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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37
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Bluer KR, Laperriere LE, Pujol A, Yruegas S, Adiraju VAK, Martin CD. Coordination and Ring Expansion of 1,2-Dipolar Molecules with 9-Phenyl-9-borafluorene. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R. Bluer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Leif E. Laperriere
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Alba Pujol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Sam Yruegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Venkata A. K. Adiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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38
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang JX, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Lin Z. DFT Studies on the Reactions of Boroles with Alkynes. Chemistry 2018; 24:9612-9621. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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39
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Adiraju VAK, Martin CD. C-H addition reactivity of 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine with pentaphenylborole. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10324-10331. [PMID: 28737800 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02321a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of pentaphenylborole with pyridines with a pendent aryl group in the 2-position, specifically 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2'-bipyridine, readily afforded adducts. Upon thermolysis, the adducts converted to ortho C-H addition products with the two substituents introduced onto the diene on the boracyclic carbon atoms adjacent to boron in a syn fashion. Photolysis of the syn 2-phenypyridine product led to isomerization to the anti conformer which did not readily occur for the 2,2'-bipyridine complex. Such C-H bond reactivity is uncommon for main group elements and provides insight into methodologies to access boron frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A K Adiraju
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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40
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Giustra ZX, Liu SY. The State of the Art in Azaborine Chemistry: New Synthetic Methods and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1184-1194. [PMID: 29314835 PMCID: PMC6190836 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Boron-nitrogen heteroarenes hold great promise for practical application in many areas of chemistry. Enduring interest in realizing this potential has in turn driven perennial innovation with respect to these compounds' synthesis. This Perspective discusses in detail the most recent advances in methods pertaining to the preparation of BN-isosteres of benzene, naphthalene, and their derivatives. Additional focus is placed on the progress enabled by these syntheses toward functional utility of such BN-heterocycles in biochemistry and pharmacology, materials science, and transition-metal-based catalysis. The prospects for future research efforts in these and related fields are also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary X. Giustra
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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41
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Yruegas S, Martinez JJ, Martin CD. Intermolecular insertion reactions of azides into 9-borafluorenes to generate 9,10-B,N-phenanthrenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6808-6811. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of 9-borafluorenes with organic azides result in either the insertion of the α-nitrogen and elimination of N2 or the insertion of the γ-nitrogen to generate the corresponding phenanthrene analogues with boron and nitrogen in the 9- and 10-positions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Yruegas
- Baylor University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Waco
- USA
| | | | - Caleb D. Martin
- Baylor University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Waco
- USA
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42
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Bélanger-Chabot G, Braunschweig H, Roy DK. Recent Developments in Azaborinine Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bélanger-Chabot
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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43
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Adiraju VAK, Martin CD. Isomer Dependence on the Reactivity of Diazenes with Pentaphenylborole. Chemistry 2017; 23:11437-11444. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata A. K. Adiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97348 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Baylor University; One Bear Place #97348 Waco TX 76798 USA
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44
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Marder TB, Lin Z. DFT studies on reactions of boroles with carbon monoxide. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7019-7027. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to study systematically the influence of borole substituents on the reaction of boroles with carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- P. R. China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- Am Hubland
- Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Clear Water Bay
- P. R. China
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