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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Benzannulated Double Aza[9]helicenes: Synthesis, Structures, and (Chir)optical Properties. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400134. [PMID: 38421377 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A benzannulated double aza[9]helicene 1 was successfully synthesized via a one-pot oxidative fusion reaction. 1 was derivatized to N-alkylated double aza[9]helicene 1-Et and 1-Bu, whose structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 1-Et and 1-Bu exhibited red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra compared to single aza[9]helicene. The double aza[9]helicenes were expected to have two different conformers. Consistent with solid-state structure, the chiral-isomer was estimated to be more stable by 16 kcal/mol relative to meso-isomer. Indeed, enantiomers of 1-Et and 1-Bu were optically resolved by HPLC and showed mirror-imaged CD and CPL spectra with the CPL brightness up to 19.2 M-1cm-1 for 1-Bu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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4
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Appiarius Y, Míguez-Lago S, Puylaert P, Wolf N, Kumar S, Molkenthin M, Miguel D, Neudecker T, Juríček M, Campaña AG, Staubitz A. Boosting quantum yields and circularly polarized luminescence of penta- and hexahelicenes by doping with two BN-groups. Chem Sci 2024; 15:466-476. [PMID: 38179512 PMCID: PMC10762774 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of boron-nitrogen (BN) units into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an isoelectronic replacement of two carbon atoms can significantly improve their optical properties, while the geometries are mostly retained. We report the first non-π-extended penta- and hexahelicenes comprising two aromatic 1,2-azaborinine rings. Comparing them with their all-carbon analogs regarding structural, spectral and (chir)optical properties allowed us to quantify the impact of the heteroatoms. In particular, BN-hexahelicene BN[6] exhibited a crystal structure congruent with its analog CC[6], but displayed a fivefold higher fluorescence quantum yield (φfl = 0.17) and an outstanding luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum| = 1.33 × 10-2). Such an unusual magnification of both properties at the same time makes BN-helicenes suitable candidates as circularly polarized luminescence emitters for applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Appiarius
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sandra Míguez-Lago
- University of Granada, Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Pim Puylaert
- University of Bremen, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Noah Wolf
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Sourabh Kumar
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Martin Molkenthin
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Delia Miguel
- University of Granada, Department of Physical Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Tim Neudecker
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Michal Juríček
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- University of Granada, Department of Organic Chemistry, Unidad de Excelencia de Química 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Anne Staubitz
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes 28359 Bremen Germany
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Mallick S, Kollimalaian K, Chetti P, Parthasarathy V. Chasing Turns and Twists: Unraveling the One-Step Synthesis, Intricate Pathways, and Structural Revelations of N-Aryl Aza-quasi[8]circulenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302876. [PMID: 37747146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-step synthesis of N-Aryl aza-quasi[8]circulenes is reported starting from bis(biaryl)carbazoles. The intermediacy of N-aryl aza[7]helicene is investigated, and the Scholl oxidative cyclization route is invoked here to overcome the large strain during the formation of N-aryl aza-quasi[8]circulenes from N-aryl aza[7]helicene. Notably, this transformation occurs without the need for directing groups and proceeds from a more helical to a less helical pathway. Both the N-aryl aza[7]helicene and N-aryl aza-quasi[8]circulene are confirmed by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. The enantiomers of N-aryl aza[7]helicene are separated by chiral HPLC and analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy to investigate their chiroptical properties. However, N-aryl aza-quasi[8]circulene racemizes rapidly. The radical cations generated from aza-quasi[8]circulene through chemical oxidation exhibit broad absorption in the near-IR region and air stability up to 24 h. Optical and electrochemical studies with aza[7]helicene and aza-quasi[8]circulene derivatives highlight their potential in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalidass Kollimalaian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, 136 119, Haryana, India
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6
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Matsuo Y, Maeda C, Tsutsui Y, Tanaka T, Seki S. Synthesis of Closed-Heterohelicenes Interconvertible between Their Monomeric and Dimeric Forms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314968. [PMID: 37883214 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative fusion reaction of cyclic heteroaromatic pentads consisting of pyrrole and thiophene gave closed-heterohelicene monomers and dimers depending on the oxidation conditions. Specifically, oxidation with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) gave closed-[7]helicene dimers connected at the β-position of one of the pyrrole units with remarkably elongated C-C bonds of about 1.60 Å. Although this bond was intact against thermal and physical activations, homolytic bond dissociation took place in DMSO upon irradiation with UV light to give the corresponding monomers. Thus, interconversion between the closed-helicene monomer and dimer was achieved. The optically pure dimer was photo-dissociated into the monomers associated with a turn-on of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Fu W, Pelliccioli V, von Geyso M, Redero P, Böhmer C, Simon M, Golz C, Alcarazo M. Enantioselective Au-Catalyzed Synthesis of Thia[5]- and Thia[6]helicenes and Their Transformation into Bowl-shaped Pleiadenes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211279. [PMID: 36747350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of helically shaped benzo[b]chryseno[4,3-d]thiophenes, naphtho[1,2-b]phenanthro[4,3-d]thiophenes, and chryseno[3,4-b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophenes is synthesized via a highly enantioselective Au-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation reaction. The inversion barriers of the structures obtained are determined both theoretically and experimentally, and their chiroptical properties are reported. Preliminary studies on the post-synthetic functionalization of these thiahelicenes and their transformation into azahelicenes are also presented. In addition, a straightforward one-step protocol is developed, which wraps the initially obtained chryseno[3,4-b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophenes into bowl-shaped pleiadene derivatives without erosion of the enantiopurity. The number of structurally related products that are obtained with high enantioselectivity enables the establishment of comprehensive correlations between the structure and conformational stability or (chir)optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Pelliccioli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moritz von Geyso
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Redero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Böhmer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Sako M, Kondo M, Sasai H, Takizawa S. Electrochemical synthesis of heterodehydro[7]helicenes. Commun Chem 2022; 5:166. [PMID: 36697698 PMCID: PMC9814689 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicenes are some of the most attractive chiroptical materials with unique helical chirality. However, to our knowledge, there are no prior reports on their direct construction by asymmetric methods. In this work, sequential synthesis of aza-oxa-dehydro[7]helicenes via the electrochemical oxidative hetero-coupling of 3-hydoxycarbazoles and 2-naphthols followed by dehydrative cyclization and intramolecular C-C bond formation has been realized. In addition, an efficient enantioselective synthesis through chiral vanadium-catalyzed hetero-coupling and electrochemical oxidative transformations afforded heterodehydro[7]helicene without any racemization. The obtained dehydro[7]helicenes showed intense blue-colored circularly polarized luminescence (|glum| ≈ 2.5 × 10-3 at 433 nm). Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the racemization barrier of heterodehydro[7]helicenes indicated significant chiral stability with ΔG‡> 140 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan ,grid.33003.330000 0000 9889 5690Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Makoto Sako
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaru Kondo
- grid.410773.60000 0000 9949 0476Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Naka-narusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047 Japan
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Kosar N, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Arshad M, Mahmood T. Shedding light on static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of thia[7&8]circulenes, toward their NLO applications. J Mol Model 2022; 28:395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang X, Rauch F, Niedens J, da Silva RB, Friedrich A, Nowak-Król A, Garden SJ, Marder TB. Electrophilic C–H Borylation of Aza[5]helicenes Leading to Bowl-Shaped Quasi-[7]Circulenes with Switchable Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22316-22324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Niedens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ramon B. da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold-in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116789. [PMID: 34995398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene has been synthesized as the largest fully conjugated hetero[n]circulene via a fold-in oxidative fusion reaction of an ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic pyrrole pentamer. This circulene takes a saddle-distorted structure with bond lengths of the central ten-membered-ring in the range of 1.455-1.493 Å. Relatively broad absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed, which reflects its flexible structure, in accordance with the low-temperature NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. The energy barrier for saddle-to-saddle interconversion was estimated to be quite small (≈3 kcal mol-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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13
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Tanaka T. Synthesis of Novel Heteronanographenes via Fold-in Approach. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Freese T, Jones PG, Werz DB. An Iterative Approach to Unsaturated and Partially Saturated [7]Helicenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1367-1371. [PMID: 35138114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple, iterative strategy for the synthesis of [7]helicenes starting from substituted 1,4-xylene building blocks. In the first step, we take advantage of the deprotonatable methyl groups to achieve ethano-bridged dimers. These are oxidatively coupled (without using metal-containing catalysts or light) using a hypervalent iodine reagent. Both steps are repeated to obtain the respective σ/π-helicenes. The degree of saturation can be controlled thermally during the oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyll Freese
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold‐in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Kise
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Chemistry Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho 606-8502 Kyoto JAPAN
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17
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Tanaka T, Kise K. Non-Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules Including Heterole Units. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Baudillon M, Cauchy T, Vanthuyne N, Avarvari N, Pop F. Configurationally stable dithia[7]helicene and dithia-quasi[8]circulene fused dithiolones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemically stable dithia[7]helicene and dithia-quasi[8]circulene decorated with 1,3-dithiol-2-one motifs were synthesized by simple and double oxidative dehydrocyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Baudillon
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Flavia Pop
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, F-49000 Angers, France
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19
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Maeda C, Nomoto S, Akiyama K, Tanaka T, Ema T. Facile Synthesis of Azahelicenes and Diaza[8]circulenes through the Intramolecular Scholl Reaction. Chemistry 2021; 27:15699-15705. [PMID: 34449114 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbazole-based aza[7]helicenes and hetero[9]helicenes were successfully obtained via the intramolecular Scholl reaction of 3,6-bis(biphenyl-2-yl)carbazole congeners, while the reaction of 3,6-bis(naphthylphenyl)-appended carbazole gave a triple helicene via an unexpected simultaneous double aryl rearrangement. DFT calculations suggested that the rearrangement proceeded via an arenium cation intermediate. In addition, the reaction of methoxy-appended substrate gave an azahepta[8]circulene via the concurrent C-C bond formation. These helical dyes showed circularly polarized luminescence. The azahepta[8]circulene was further transformed into deeply saddle-distorted dibenzodiaza[8]circulenes as the first example of its solution-based synthesis and unambiguous structural determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Maeda
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koki Akiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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20
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Hanada K, Nogami J, Miyamoto K, Hayase N, Nagashima Y, Tanaka Y, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Single and Double Azahelicene-Like Molecules. Chemistry 2021; 27:9313-9319. [PMID: 33904626 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of aza[6] and [7]helicene-like molecules have been achieved by the cationic rhodium(I)/axially chiral biaryl bisphosphine complex-catalyzed intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of cyanodiynes. This protocol was successfully applied to the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of an S-shaped double aza[6]helicene-like molecule with a high ee value of 89 %. Although no epimerization and racemization were observed in the double carbo[6]helicene-like molecule at 80 °C, epimerization and racemization of the double aza[6]helicene-like molecule proceeded at 80 °C. This double aza[6]helicene-like molecule showed good fluorescent quantum yields and chiroptical responses under both neutral and acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Hanada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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21
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Taniguchi T, Nishii Y, Mori T, Nakayama KI, Miura M. Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties of Indolo- and Pyridopyrrolo-Carbazole-Based C 2 -Symmetric Azahelicenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7356-7361. [PMID: 33778999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 11,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl or 6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-substituted 11,12-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]carbazole with an oxidizing system of Pd(II)/Ag(I) induced effective double dehydrogenative cyclization to afford the corresponding π-extended azahelicenes. The optical resolutions were readily achieved by a preparative chiral HPLC. It was found that the pyridopyrrolo-carbazole-based azahelicene that contains four nitrogen atoms exhibits ca. 6 times larger dissymmetry factors both in circularly dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), |gCD | and |gCPL | values being 1.1×10-2 and 4.4×10-3 , respectively, as compared with the parent indolocarbazole-based azahelicene. Theoretical calculations at the RI-CC2 level were employed to rationalize the observed enhanced chiroptical responses. The (chir)optical properties of the former helicene was further tuned by a protonation leading to remarkable red-shift with a considerable enhancement of the |gCPL | value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Morimoto Y, Chen F, Matsuo Y, Kise K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Improved Synthesis of ortho-Phenylene-bridged Cyclic Tetrapyrroles and Oxidative Fusion Reactions Toward Substituted Tetraaza[8]circulenes. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:648-655. [PMID: 33428328 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hetero[8]circulenes have emerged as novel functionalized heteronanographenes that show various promising functions such as bright fluorescence, charge transporting, and redox reactivities. One of the effective synthetic strategy is the fold-in type oxidative fusion reaction of ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic tetrapyrroles, whose construction, however, is not well-sophisticated in terms of reproducibility and possibility for versatile derivatization. In this paper, a "reverse" coupling strategy has been developed, which enabled synthesis of opp-type low symmetric analogues of cyclic tetrapyrroles. Oxidative fusion reaction conditions to afford tetraaza[8]circulenes have also been reinvestigated and improved. Substituent effects of cyclic tetrapyrroles and tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes are studied for solid-state structures and packing structures, redox potentials, and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Zhu G, Zhang G. Access to benzo-fused aza[7]helicene via unexpected indolization of alkyne-amine. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient base-mediated indolization of alkyne-amine for the synthesis of quinolone-fused indole was developed and further applied to synthesize di- and triaza[7]helicenes bearing two and three pentagons, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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24
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Li QQ, Ochiai K, Lee CA, Ito S. Synthesis of π-Extended Imidazoles by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Polycyclic Aromatic Azomethine Ylides with Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6132-6137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kotaro Ochiai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cherie-Anne Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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25
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Tanaka T. Synthesis and Properties of Tetraaza[8]circulene and its Analogs. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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26
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Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Highly Stable Radical Cations of N,N'-Diarylated Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene. Chemistry 2020; 26:8144-8152. [PMID: 32342540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Diarylated tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were synthesized in good yields by a reaction sequence involving oxidation of tetrabenzodiazadithia[8]circulene 5-Oct and SN Ar reaction with aniline derivatives. The obtained aza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were easily oxidized to give their radical cations 3 a+ and 3 b+ , which are highly stable under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis of radical cation 3 a+ showed a face-to-face dimer arrangement with an interplanar separation of 3.320 Å. The spin density of 3 a+ was calculated to be delocalized over the whole circulene π-systems with spin-spin exchange integral (J=-144 cm-1 ) in the dimeric part. These radical cations displayed far red-shifted absorption bands reaching to 2000 nm. Thus this study has proved the hetero[8]circulene scaffold to be a new entry of promising electronics and spin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Lousen B, Pedersen SK, Bols P, Hansen KH, Pedersen MR, Hammerich O, Bondarchuk S, Minaev B, Baryshnikov GV, Ågren H, Pittelkow M. Compressing a Non‐Planar Aromatic Heterocyclic [7]Helicene to a Planar Hetero[8]Circulene. Chemistry 2020; 26:4935-4940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Lousen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Pernille Bols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kasper H. Hansen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Michelle R. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Sergey Bondarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials ScienceBohdan Khmelnytsky National University 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
| | - Boris Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials ScienceBohdan Khmelnytsky National University 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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28
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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29
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Ogawa K, Tanaka S, Shimura K. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of butadiyne-linked linear and cyclic carbazole oligomers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9657-9662. [PMID: 35497230 PMCID: PMC9050127 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar macrocycles exhibite blue emission whereas flexible ones emit near white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Ogawa
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
| | - Shohei Tanaka
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
| | - Kyosuke Shimura
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research
- University of Yamanashi
- Yamanashi 400-8511
- Japan
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30
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Matsuo Y, Chen F, Kise K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Facile synthesis of fluorescent hetero[8]circulene analogues with tunable solubilities and optical properties. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11006-11012. [PMID: 32110354 PMCID: PMC7012041 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hetero[8]circulenes are an interesting class of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules having rigid and planar structures, which are promising in light of their potential applications for OLEDs, OFETs and so forth. Although their synthetic methods have been developed in some specific cases, a facile synthetic protocol of novel hetero[8]circulenes with tunable properties is highly desirable. We herein report the unexpected formation of methoxy-substituted quasi-aza[8]circulene and its conversion into unprecedented triazaoxa[8]circulene. The structures and optical properties were comparatively studied. Remarkably, triazaoxa[8]circulene is highly soluble in THF, acetone and DMSO mainly because of effective hydrogen-bonding of the NH moieties to these solvents. Their highly soluble nature in various solvents enabled us to study the solvent effects of these molecules. In particular, triazaoxa[8]circulene displays a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.72 in DMSO. Furthermore, enantiomeric separation of highly distorted quasi-aza[8]circulene was successfully achieved by chiral HPLC. Thus, these novel hetero[8]circulene derivatives are practically useful fluorescent nanographene-like molecules with intriguing optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
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31
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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32
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Dhbaibi K, Favereau L, Crassous J. Enantioenriched Helicenes and Helicenoids Containing Main-Group Elements (B, Si, N, P). Chem Rev 2019; 119:8846-8953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kais Dhbaibi
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR6226, CNRS, Université Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Faculty of Science of Gabès, University of Gabés, Zrig, 6072 Gabès Tunisia
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR6226, CNRS, Université Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR6226, CNRS, Université Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
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33
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Sugiura S, Matsuda W, Zhang W, Seki S, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Ion-Pairing Assemblies Comprising Anion Complexes of π-Extended Anion-Responsive Molecules. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8886-8898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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Sadowski B, Stewart DJ, Phillips AT, Grusenmeyer TA, Haley JE, Cooper TM, Gryko DT. From Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones to Quinazolinoindolizinoindolizinoquinazolines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:284-290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - David J. Stewart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Alexis T. Phillips
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
- Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Tod A. Grusenmeyer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Joy E. Haley
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Thomas M. Cooper
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Liu S, Huang C, Zhang J, Tian S, Li C, Fu N, Wang L, Zhao B, Huang W. Synthesis of Sulfur-Hybridized Pyracylene and the Unexpected Phenyl Shift Mediated Rearrangement of Scholl Reaction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Chengting Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Nina Fu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors; Institute of Advanced Materials; National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications; 9 Wenyuan Road 210023 Nanjing China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE); Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU); 710072 Xi'an China
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