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Wu Y, Dong L, Tang S, Liu X, Han Y, Zhang S, Liu K, Feng W. An Innovative Azobenzene-Based Photothermal Fabric with Excellent Heat Release Performance for Wearable Thermal Management Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404310. [PMID: 39252649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Azobenzene (azo)-based photothermal energy storage systems have garnered great interest for their potential in solar energy conversion and storage but suffer from limitations including rely on solvents and specific wavelengths for charging process, short storage lifetime, low heat release temperature during discharging, strong rigidity and poor wearability. To address these issues, an azo-based fabric composed of tetra-ortho-fluorinated photo-liquefiable azobenzene monomer and polyacrylonitrile fabric template is fabricated using electrospinning. This fabric excels in efficient photo-charging (green light) and discharging (blue light) under visible light range, solvent-free operation, long-term energy storage (706 days), and good capacity of releasing high-temperature heat (80-95 °C) at room temperature and cold environments. In addition, the fabric maintains high flexibility without evident loss of energy-storage performance upon 1500 bending cycles, 18-h washing or 6-h soaking. The generated heat from charged fabric is facilitated by the Z-to-E isomerization energy, phase transition latent heat, and the photothermal effect of 420 nm light irradiation. Meanwhile, the temperature of heat release can be personalized for thermal management by adjusting the light intensity. It is applicable for room-temperature thermal therapy and can provide heat to the body in cold environments, that presenting a promising candidate for wearable personal thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China
- Division of Environment and Resources, College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Liqi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Division of Environment and Resources, College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Songge Zhang
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Environment and Resources, College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Y, Sheng L, Xu B, Shi J, Chen Z. Study on Thermophysical Properties and Phase Change Regulation Mechanism of Optically-Controlled Phase Change Materials: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Molecular Dynamics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404184. [PMID: 39128134 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Optically-controlled phase change materials, which are prepared by introducing molecular photoswitches into traditional phase change materials (PCMs), can convert and store solar energy into photochemical enthalpy and phase change enthalpy. However, the thermophysical properties of optically controlled PCMs, which are crucial in the practical, are rarely paid attention to. 4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl decanoate (Azo-A-10) is experimentally prepared as an optically-controlled PCMs, whose energy storage density is 210.0 kJ·kg-1, and the trans single crystal structure is obtained. The density, phase transition temperature, thermal conductivity, and other parameters in trans state are measured experimentally. Furthermore, a microscopic model of Azo-A-10 is established, and the thermophysical properties are analyzed based on molecular dynamics. The results show that the microstructure parameter (order parameters) and thermophysical properties (density, radial distribution function, self-diffusion coefficient, phase change temperature, and thermal conductivity) of partially or completely isomerized Azo-A-10, which are challenging to observe in experiments, can be predicted by molecular dynamics simulation. The optically-controlled phase change mechanism can be clarified according to the differences in microstructure. The optically-controlled switchability of thermophysical properties of an optically-controlled PCM is analyzed. This study provides ideas for the improvement, development, and application of optically-controlled PCMs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Lisha Sheng
- College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Juan Shi
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhenqian Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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3
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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 PMCID: PMC11304318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
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4
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Zhang ZY, Dong D, Bösking T, Dang T, Liu C, Sun W, Xie M, Hecht S, Li T. Solar Azo-Switches for Effective E→Z Photoisomerization by Sunlight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404528. [PMID: 38722260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural photoactive systems have evolved to harness broad-spectrum light from solar radiation for critical functions such as light perception and photosynthetic energy conversion. Molecular photoswitches, which undergo structural changes upon light absorption, are artificial photoactive tools widely used for developing photoresponsive systems and converting light energy. However, photoswitches generally need to be activated by light of specific narrow wavelength ranges for effective photoconversion, which limits their ability to directly work under sunlight and to efficiently harvest solar energy. Here, focusing on azo-switches-the most extensively studied photoswitches, we demonstrate effective solar E→Z photoisomerization with photoconversions exceeding 80 % under unfiltered sunlight. These sunlight-driven azo-switches are developed by rendering the absorption of E isomers overwhelmingly stronger than that of Z isomers across a broad ultraviolet to visible spectrum. This unusual type of spectral profile is realized by a simple yet highly adjustable molecular design strategy, enabling the fine-tuning of spectral window that extends light absorption beyond 600 nm. Notably, back-photoconversion can be achieved without impairing the forward solar isomerization, resulting in unique light-reversible solar switches. Such exceptional solar chemistry of photoswitches provides unprecedented opportunities for developing sustainable light-driven systems and efficient solar energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongfang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tom Bösking
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tongtong Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunhao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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5
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Dang T, Zhang ZY, Li T. Visible-Light-Activated Heteroaryl Azoswitches: Toward a More Colorful Future. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19609-19620. [PMID: 38991225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Azobenzenes (Ph-N═N-Ph) are known as the most widely studied molecular photoswitches, and the recent rise of azoheteroarenes (Het-N═N-Ph or Het-N═N-Het) offers great opportunities to advance this already mature field. A common limitation is that azo-switches generally require harmful UV light for activation, which hinders their application across various fields. Despite great efforts in developing visible-light azobenzenes over the past few decades, the potential of visible-light heteroaryl azoswitches remains largely unexplored. This Perspective summarizes the state-of-the-art advancements in visible-light heteroaryl azoswitches, covering molecular design strategies, the structure-property relationship, and potential applications. We highlight the distinctive advantages of azoheteroarenes over azobenzenes in the research and development of visible-light switches. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in this emerging field and propose potential solutions to address crucial issues such as spectral red-shift and thermal half-life. Through this Perspective paper, we aim to provide inspiration for further exploration in this field, in anticipation of the growing prosperity and bright future of visible-light azoheteroarene photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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6
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Li H, Shangguan Z, Li T, Zhang ZY, Ji D, Hu W. Arylazopyrazole-modulated stable dual-mode phototransistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado2329. [PMID: 38838139 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
High-performance organic devices with dynamic and stable modulation are essential for building devices adaptable to the environment. However, the existing reported devices incorporating light-activated units exhibit either limited device stability or subpar optoelectronic properties. Here, we synthesize a new optically tunable polymer dielectric functionalized with photochromic arylazopyrazole units with a cis-isomer half-life of as long as 90 days. On this basis, stable dual-mode organic transistors that can be reversibly modulated are successfully fabricated. The trans-state devices exhibit high carrier mobility reaching 7.4 square centimeters per volt per second and excellent optical figures of merit, whereas the cis-state devices demonstrate stable but starkly different optoelectronic performance. Furthermore, optical image sensors are prepared with regulatable nonvolatile memories from 36 hours (cis state) to 108 hours (trans state). The achievement of dynamic light modulation shows remarkable prospects for the intelligent application of organic optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huchao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
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7
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Gallardo-Rosas D, Guevara-Vela JM, Rocha-Rinza T, Toscano RA, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC. Structure and isomerization behavior relationships of new push-pull azo-pyrrole photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4123-4134. [PMID: 38700442 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00417e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A family of stilbenyl-azopyrroles compounds 2a-d and 3a-d was efficiently obtained via a Mizoroki-Heck C-C-type coupling reaction between 2-(4'-iodophenyl-azo)-N-methyl pyrrole (1a) and different vinyl precursors. The influence of the π-conjugated backbone and the effect of the pyrrole moiety were correlated with their optical properties. Studies via UV-Visible spectrophotometry revealed that the inclusion of EWG or EDG favors a red-shift of the main absorption band in these azo compounds compared with their non-substituted analogues. Furthermore, there is a clear influence between the half-life of the Z isomer formed by irradiation with white light and the push-pull behavior of the molecules. In several cases, the stilbenyl-azopyrroles led to the formation of J-type aggregates in binary MeOH : H2O solvents, which are of interest for water compatible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gallardo-Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J M Guevara-Vela
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Rocha-Rinza
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - R A Toscano
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - J G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - M C Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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8
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Wu J, Kreimendahl L, Tao S, Anhalt O, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable imines: aryliminopyrazoles quantitatively convert to long-lived Z-isomers with visible light. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3872-3878. [PMID: 38487238 PMCID: PMC10935669 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05841g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylimines offer promise in dynamic-covalent materials due to their recyclability and ease of synthesis. However, their light-triggered E/Z isomerism has received little attention. This is attributed to challenges that include low thermal stability of their metastable state (<60 s at 20 °C), incomplete photoswitching (<50% to the metastable state), and the need for UV light (≤365 nm). We overcome these limitations with a novel class of imine photoswitch, the aryliminopyrazoles (AIPs). These AIPs can be switched using visible light (470 nm), attain photostationary states with over 95% of the Z-isomer, exhibit great resistance to fatigue, and have thermal half-lives up to 19.2 hours at room temperature. Additionally, they display T-type and negative photochromism under visible light irradiation-a useful property. The photochromic properties, quantitative assembly and accessibility of precursors set these photoswitches apart from their azo-based analogues. These findings open avenues for next-generation photoresponsive dynamic-covalent materials driven solely by these new photochromic linkages and further exploration of photocontrolled dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lasse Kreimendahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Suyuan Tao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Olga Anhalt
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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9
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Griffiths K, Greenfield JL, Halcovitch NR, Fuchter MJ, Griffin JM. Systematic Investigation into the Photoswitching and Thermal Properties of Arylazopyrazole-based MOF Host-Guest Complexes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:7044-7052. [PMID: 37808902 PMCID: PMC10557064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of arylazopyrazole-loaded metal-organic frameworks were synthesized with the general formula Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO)(AAP)x (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane; AAP = arylazopyrazole guest). The empty framework adopts a large pore tetragonal structure. Upon occlusion of the E-AAP guests, the frameworks contract to form narrow pore tetragonal structures. The extent of framework contraction is dependent on guest shapes and pendant groups and ranges between 1.5 and 5.8%. When irradiated with 365 nm light, the framework expands due to the photoisomerization of E-AAP to Z-AAP. The proportion of Z-isomer at the photostationary state varies between 19 and 57% for the AAP guests studied and appears to be limited by the framework which inhibits further isomerization once fully expanded. Interestingly, confinement within the framework significantly extends the thermal half-life of the Z-AAP isomers to a maximum of approximately 56 years. This finding provides scope for the design of photoresponsive host-guest complexes with high stability of the metastable isomer for long-duration information or energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Griffiths
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität, Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | | | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - John M. Griffin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
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10
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Sun W, Shangguan Z, Zhang X, Dang T, Zhang ZY, Li T. Solar Efficiency of Azo-Photoswitches for Energy Conversion: A Comprehensive Assessment. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300582. [PMID: 37278140 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches can absorb solar photons and store them as chemical energy by photoisomerization, which is regarded as a promising strategy for photochemical solar energy storage. Although many efforts have been devoted to photoswitch discovery, the solar efficiency, a critical fundamental parameter assessing the solar energy conversion ability, has attracted little attention and remains to be studied comprehensively. Here we provide a systematic evaluation of the solar efficiency of typical azo-switches including azobenzenes and azopyrazoles, and gain a comprehensive understanding on its decisive factors. All the efficiencies are found below 1.0 %, far from the proposed limits for molecular solar thermal energy storage systems. Azopyrazoles exhibit remarkably higher solar efficiencies (0.59-0.94 %) than azobenzenes (0.11-0.43 %), benefiting from largely improved quantum yield and photoisomerization yield. Light filters can be used to improve the isomerization yield but inevitably narrow the usable range of solar spectrum, and these two contradictory effects ultimately reduce solar efficiencies. We envision this conflict could be resolved through developing azo-switches that afford high isomerization yields by absorbing wide-spectrum solar energy. We hope this work could promote more efforts to improve the solar efficiency of photoswitches, which is highly relevant to the prospect for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Dang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
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11
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Koibuchi R, Omasa K, Yoshikawa I, Houjou H. Photoinduced Crystal-to-Liquid Transition of Acylhydrazone-Based Photoswitching Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8320-8326. [PMID: 37695691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A photoinduced crystal-to-liquid transition (PCLT) behavior of new acylhydrazone derivatives (NCs) is reported. The photoswitching of the NCs was identified as a negative photochromism with a high E-to-Z conversion yield (>98%). A kinetic analysis shows a half-life of almost one month. Owing to these high photoswitching performances, we successfully isolated both E- and Z-forms, evaluated their crystal structures, and observed distinct thermal behaviors. The Z-form melts at a lower temperature than the E-form by several tens of degrees. The PCLT occurs at even lower temperatures. UV irradiation induces the E-to-Z conversion in the crystalline state, thereby inducing a eutectic melting. In addition to the PCLT, we observed a photomechanical behavior of the crystals, which suggests that the presented acylhydrazones can be new members of the photoresponsive crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Koibuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153- 8505, Japan
| | - Koichiro Omasa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153- 8505, Japan
| | - Isao Yoshikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153- 8505, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Houjou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153- 8505, Japan
- Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113- 0033, Japan
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12
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Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Design rules for optimization of photophysical and kinetic properties of azoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7351-7357. [PMID: 37646103 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Azoarenes are an important class of molecular photoswitches that often undergo E → Z isomerization with ultraviolet light and have short Z-isomer lifetimes. Azobenzene has been a widely studied photoswitch for decades but can be poorly suited for photopharmacological applications due to its UV-light absorption and short-lived Z-isomer half-life (t1/2). Recently, diazo photoswitches with one or more thiophene rings in place of a phenyl ring have emerged as promising candidates, as they exhibit a stable photostationary state (98% E → Z conversion) and E-isomer absorption (λmax) in the visible light range (405 nm). In this work, we performed density functional theory calculations [PBE0-D3BJ/6-31+G(d,p)] on 26 hemi-azothiophenes, substituted with one phenyl ring and one thiophene ring on the diazo bond. We calculated the E-isomer absorption (λmax) and Z-isomer t1/2 for a set of 26 hemi-azothiophenes. We compared their properties to thiophene-based photoswitches that have been studied previously. We separated the 26 proposed photoswitches into four quadrants based on their λmax and t1/2 relative to past generations of hemi-azothiophene photoswitches. We note 8 hemi-azothiophenes with redshifted λmax and longer t1/2 than previous systems. Our top candidate has λmax and a t1/2 approaching 360 nm and 279 years, respectively. The results here present a pathway towards leveraging and optimizing two properties of photoswitches previously thought to be inversely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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13
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Min F, Zhang ZY, Qu Z, Gao J, Shi X, Long H, Li Y, Chen S, Dong D, Yi Y, Jiang L, Yang J, Li T, Qiao Y, Song Y. Humidity-Controlled Molecular Assembly and Photoisomerization Behavior with a Bubble-Assisted Patterning Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301362. [PMID: 37170715 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of molecular assembly is of great significance in the application of functional molecules. This work has systematically investigated the humidity effect in bubble-assisted molecular assembly. This work finds humidity is critical in the evolution of the soft confined space, leading to the formation of microscale liquid confined space under high humidity, and nanoscale liquid confined space under low humidity. It is also revealed that the differences in surface wettability and adhesion play the key role. Consequently, a flat pattern with thermodynamically favorable ordered structure and a sharp pattern with dynamically favorable disordered structure are achieved, which show different solid-state photoisomerization behaviors and photoresponsiveness. Interestingly, conductivity of sharp pattern with disordered structure is higher than that of flat pattern with layered ordered structure due to electronic transport mechanism of different spatial dimensions. This work opens a new way for manipulating the molecular self-assembly to control the morphology and function of molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Min
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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14
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Stolarek M, Pycior A, Bonarek P, Opydo M, Kolaczkowska E, Kamiński K, Mogielnicki A, Szczubiałka K. Biological Properties of Heparins Modified with an Arylazopyrazole-Based Photoswitch. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1778-1789. [PMID: 36657057 PMCID: PMC9923745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin (Enox) were substituted with a photoswitch (PS) showing quantitative trans-cis and cis-trans photoisomerizations. Long half-life of the cis photoisomer enabled comparison of the properties of heparins substituted with both PS photoisomers. Hydrodynamic diameter, Dh, of UFH-PS decreased upon trans-cis photoisomerization, the change being more pronounced for UFH-PS with a higher degree of substitution (DS), while Dh of Enox-PS did not significantly change. The anticoagulative properties of substituted heparins were significantly attenuated compared to non-substituted compounds. The interaction of UFH-PS with HSA, lysozyme, and protamine was studied with ITC. Under serum-free conditions, UFH-PS-trans with a high DS stimulated proliferation of murine fibroblasts, while UFH-PS-cis decreased the viability of these cells. Under serum conditions, both UFH-PS-cis and UFH-PS-trans decreased cell viability, the reduction for UFH-PS-cis being higher than that for UFH-PS-trans. Neither Enox-PS-trans nor Enox-PS-cis influenced the viability at concentrations prolonging aPTT, while at higher concentrations their cytotoxicity did not differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stolarek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pycior
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Bonarek
- Faculty
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Opydo
- Laboratory
of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research,
Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory
of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research,
Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University
of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland,
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15
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Imato K, Sasaki A, Ishii A, Hino T, Kaneda N, Ohira K, Imae I, Ooyama Y. Sterically Hindered Stiff-Stilbene Photoswitch Offers Large Motions, 90% Two-Way Photoisomerization, and High Thermal Stability. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15762-15770. [PMID: 36378160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches have been widely used as molecular machines in various fields due to the small structures and simple motions generated in reversible isomerization. However, common photoswitches, as represented by azobenzene (AB), cannot combine both large motions and high thermal stability, which are critically important for some practical applications in addition to high photoisomerization yields. Here, we focus on a promising photoswitch, stiff stilbene (SS), and its derivative, sterically hindered SS (HSS). The detailed investigation of their performance with a comparison to AB demonstrated that HSS is an outstanding photoswitch offering larger motions than AB and SS, ca. 90% photoisomerization in both E-to-Z and Z-to-E directions, and significantly high thermal stability with a half-life of ca. 1000 years at room temperature. The superior performance of HSS promises its use in various applications, even where previous photoswitches have troubles and are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Imato
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ayane Sasaki
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Taichi Hino
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Naoki Kaneda
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohira
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imae
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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16
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Gonzalez A, Odaybat M, Le M, Greenfield JL, White AJP, Li X, Fuchter MJ, Han GGD. Photocontrolled Energy Storage in Azobispyrazoles with Exceptionally Large Light Penetration Depths. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19430-19436. [PMID: 36222796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Azobispyrazole, 4pzMe-5pzH, derivatives with small terminal substituents (Me, Et, i-Pr, and n-Pr) are reported to undergo facile reversible photoswitching in condensed phases at room temperature, exhibiting unprecedentedly large effective light penetration depths (1400 μm of UV at 365 nm and 1400 μm of visible light at 530 nm). These small photoswitches exhibit crystal-to-liquid phase transitions upon UV irradiation, which increases the overall energy storage density of this material beyond 300 J/g that is similar to the specific energy of commercial Na-ion batteries. The impact of heteroarene design, the presence of ortho methyl substituents, and the terminal functional groups is explored for both condensed-phase switching and energy storage. The design principles elucidated in this work will help to develop a wide variety of molecular solar thermal energy storage materials that operate in condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Magdalena Odaybat
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - My Le
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Jake L Greenfield
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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17
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Shangguan Z, Sun W, Zhang ZY, Fang D, Wang Z, Wu S, Deng C, Huang X, He Y, Wang R, Li T, Moth-Poulsen K, Li T. A rechargeable molecular solar thermal system below 0 °C. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6950-6958. [PMID: 35774182 PMCID: PMC9200126 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An optimal temperature is crucial for a broad range of applications, from chemical transformations, electronics, and human comfort, to energy production and our whole planet. Photochemical molecular thermal energy storage systems coupled with phase change behavior (MOST-PCMs) offer unique opportunities to capture energy and regulate temperature. Here, we demonstrate how a series of visible-light-responsive azopyrazoles couple MOST and PCMs to provide energy capture and release below 0 °C. The system is charged by blue light at -1 °C, and discharges energy in the form of heat under green light irradiation. High energy density (0.25 MJ kg-1) is realized through co-harvesting visible-light energy and thermal energy from the environment through phase transitions. Coatings on glass with photo-controlled transparency are prepared as a demonstration of thermal regulation. The temperature difference between the coatings and the ice cold surroundings is up to 22.7 °C during the discharging process. This study illustrates molecular design principles that pave the way for MOST-PCMs that can store natural sunlight energy and ambient heat over a wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wenjin Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Dong Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Si Wu
- Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chao Deng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325027 Zhejiang China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tingxian Li
- Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research & Advanced Studies, ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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18
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Xu X, Wang G. Molecular Solar Thermal Systems towards Phase Change and Visible Light Photon Energy Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107473. [PMID: 35132792 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems have attracted tremendous attention for solar energy conversion and storage, which can generate high-energy metastable isomers upon capturing photon energy, and release the stored energy as heat on demand during back conversion. However, the pristine molecular photoswitches are limited by low storage energy density and UV light photon energy storage. Recently, numerous pioneering works have been focused on the development of MOST systems towards phase change (PC) and visible light photon energy storage to increase their properties. On the one hand, the strategy of simultaneously capturing isomerization enthalpy and PC energy between solid and liquid can not only offer high latent heat, but also promote the development of sustainable energy systems. On the other hand, the efficient photon energy storage in the visible light range opens a tremendously fascinating avenue to fabricate MOST systems powered under natural sunlight. Here, the recent advances of MOST systems towards PC and visible light photon energy storage are systematically summarized, the most promising advantages and current challenges are analyzed, and emerging strategies and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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19
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Bhunia S, Dolai A, Bera S, Samanta S. Near-Complete Bidirectional Photoisomerization of para-Dialkylamino-Substituted Arylazopyrazoles under Violet and Green or Red Lights. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4449-4454. [PMID: 35201776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
para-Dimethylamine- and para-pyrrolidine-substituted arylazopyrazoles display very high to near-quantitative or quantitative bidirectional isomerization under violet and green or red lights in both polar (DMSO and DMSO/aqueous buffer, pH 7.5) and nonpolar solvents. These switches confer a reasonable thermal stability to their cis-states (t1/2 ≈ 4-7 h in DMSO and DMSO/buffer) and also show a high level of resistance to photobleaching and an impressive stability to reduction by glutathione. Using DFT calculations, attempts have been made to decipher the photophysical properties and thermal stabilities of the cis isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Dolai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satyajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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20
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Adrion DM, Lopez SA. Cross-conjugation controls the stabilities and photophysical properties of heteroazoarene photoswitches. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5989-5998. [PMID: 35014651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azoarene photoswitches are versatile molecules that interconvert from their E-isomer to their Z-isomer with light. Azobenzene is a prototypical photoswitch but its derivatives can be poorly suited for in vivo applications such as photopharmacology due to undesired photochemical reactions promoted by ultraviolet light and the relatively short half-life (t1/2) of the Z-isomer (2 days). Experimental and computational studies suggest that these properties (λmax of the E isomer and t1/2 of the Z-isomer) are inversely related. We identified isomeric azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans from a high-throughput screening study of 1540 azoarenes as photoswitch candidates with improved λmax and t1/2 values relative to azobenzene. We used density functional theory to predict the activation free energies and vertical excitation energies of the E- and Z-isomers of 2,2- and 3,3-substituted azobisthiophenes and azobisfurans. The half-lives depend on whether the heterocycles are π-conjugated or cross-conjugated with the diazo π-bond. The 2,2-substituted azoarenes both have t1/2 values on the scale of 1 hour, while the 3,3-analogues have computed half-lives of 40 and 230 years (thiophene and furan, respectively). The 2,2-substituted heteroazoarenes have significantly higher λmax absorptions than their 3,3-substituted analogues: 76 nm for azofuran and 77 nm for azothiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Adrion
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.
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21
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Santos GSD, Westphal E. Photoisomerizable azobenzene star-shaped liquid crystals: bypassing the absence of hydrogen bonding. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective molecular tailoring results in star-shaped azo compounds that self-assemble with hexagonal columnar packing and show fast and reversible photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sérgio dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduard Westphal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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22
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Solid-state photoswitching in arylazopyrazole-embedded polydimethylsiloxane composite thin films. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Ahmad AA, Al-Bataineh QM, Al-Nawafleh DM, Telfah AD. Photoisomerization Kinetics of Photoswitchable Thin Films Based on Nanostructure/Molecular Layers of AlN-AO7. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:831-842. [PMID: 34614230 DOI: 10.1111/php.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoisomerization kinetics of photoswitchable thin films based on nanostructure/molecular layers of AlN-AO7 have been studied, investigated and reported. The trans → cis isomerization process occurs by UV-light irradiation. The cis-isomer could be turned back to the trans-isomer by either thermal or optical relaxation. The kinetics and time-evolution of the photoisomerization and reverse isomerization mechanism of AlN-AO7 thin films are investigated by UV-Vis absorbance spectra using relevant models. All phases of AlN-AO7 thin film, initial trans-, cis-, optical trans-, thermal trans-phases, were investigated using UV-Vis absorbance spectra, FTIR spectra, XRD and SEM. Transforming AlN-AO7 thin film from the initial trans-phase into cis-phase leads to curvature in the AO7 leaves and increases in the strain inside the structure. Going back to the trans-phase by either optical or thermal relaxation leads to vanishing the curvature and decreasing the structure's strain. Finally, the energy storage capacity was calculated using DSC and was found to be 36.38 J g-1 , simultaneously realizing the multisource solar energy storage and environmental heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Qais M Al-Bataineh
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dima M Al-Nawafleh
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad D Telfah
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research (HMCSR), the Jordan University, Amman, Jordan
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24
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Fang D, Zhang ZY, Shangguan Z, He Y, Yu C, Li T. (Hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles: "Clicked" Photoswitches for Versatile Functionalization and Electronic Decoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14502-14510. [PMID: 34476949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-responsive chemical systems often relies on the rational design and suitable incorporation of molecular photoswitches such as azobenzenes. Linking a photoswitch core with another π-conjugated molecular entity may give rise to intramolecular electronic coupling, which can dramatically impair the photoswitch function. Decoupling strategies have been developed based on additionally inserting a linker that can disrupt the through-bond electronic communication. Here we show that 1,2,3-triazole-a commonly used decoupling spacer-can be directly merged into the azoswitch core to construct a class of "self-decoupling" azoswitches called (hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles. Such azotriazole photoswitches are easily accessed and modularly functionalized by click chemistry. Their photoswitch property can be optimized by rational design of the substituent groups or heteroaryl rings, allowing (near-)quantitative E⇆Z photoisomerization yields and tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from days to years. Combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the electronic structure of the photoswitch core is not substantially affected by various substituents attached to the 1,2,3-triazole unit, benefiting from its cross-conjugated nature. The combination of clickable synthesis, tunable photoswitch property, and self-decoupling ability makes (hetero)arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles intriguing molecular tools in developing photoresponsive systems with desired performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Pfaff P, Anderl F, Fink M, Balkenhohl M, Carreira EM. Azoacetylenes for the Synthesis of Arylazotriazole Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14495-14501. [PMID: 34478268 PMCID: PMC8447256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a modular approach toward novel arylazotriazole photoswitches and their photophysical characterization. Addition of lithiated TIPS-acetylene to aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts gives a wide range of azoacetylenes, constituting an underexplored class of stable intermediates. In situ desilylation transiently leads to terminal arylazoacetylenes that undergo copper-catalyzed cycloadditions (CuAAC) with a diverse collection of organoazides. These include complex molecules derived from natural products or drugs, such as colchicine, taxol, tamiflu, and arachidonic acid. The arylazotriazoles display near-quantitative photoisomerization and long thermal Z-half-lives. Using the method, we introduce for the first time the design and synthesis of a diacetylene platform. It permits implementation of consecutive and diversity-oriented approaches linking two different conjugants to independently addressable acetylenes within a common photoswitchable azotriazole. This is showcased in the synthesis of several photoswitchable conjugates, with potential applications as photoPROTACs and biotin conjugates.
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26
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang Z, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near‐) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half‐Lives from Hours to Years**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao‐Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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27
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang ZY, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16539-16546. [PMID: 33852166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have been widely used. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatic rings has emerged as a strategy to expand molecular diversity and access improved photoswitching properties. Many mono-heteroaryl azo molecules with unique structures and/or properties have been developed, but the potential of bis-heteroaryl architectures is far from fully exploited. We report a family of azobispyrazoles, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversion and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from hours to years. The two five-membered rings remarkably weaken the intramolecular steric hindrance, providing new possibilities for engineering the geometric and electronic structure of azo photoswitches. Azobispyrazoles generally exhibit twisted Z-isomers that facilitate complete Z→E photoisomerization, and their thermal stability can be broadly adjusted regardless of the twisted shape, overcoming the conflict between photoconversion (favored by the twisted shape) and Z-isomer stability (favored by the orthogonal shape) encountered by mono-heteroaryl azo switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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28
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Tuck JR, Tombari RJ, Yardeny N, Olson DE. A Modular Approach to Arylazo-1,2,3-triazole Photoswitches. Org Lett 2021; 23:4305-4310. [PMID: 34019429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoheteroarenes make up an emerging class of photoswitchable compounds with unique photophysical properties and advantages over traditional azobenzenes. Therefore, methods for synthesizing azoheteroarenes are highly desirable. Here, we utilize azide-alkyne click chemistry to access arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles, a previously unexplored class of azoheteroarenes that exhibit high thermal stabilities and near-quantitative bidirectional photoconversion. Controlling the catalyst or 1,3-dipole grants access to both regioisomeric arylazotriazoles and arylazoisoxazoles, highlighting the versatility of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Tuck
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Robert J Tombari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah Yardeny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95618, United States
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29
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Xu X, Wu B, Zhang P, Xing Y, Shi K, Fang W, Yu H, Wang G. Arylazopyrazole-Based Dendrimer Solar Thermal Fuels: Stable Visible Light Storage and Controllable Heat Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22655-22663. [PMID: 33970599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solar thermal fuels offer a closed cycle and a renewable energy storage strategy by harvesting photon energy within the chemical conformations of molecules and retrieving energy by an induced release of heat. However, the majority of reports are limited to the ultraviolet light storage, which potentially interferes with the surrounding environment and reduces the material lifetime. Here, we present a novel arylazopyrazole (AAP)-containing dendrimer that not only addresses the hindrance of visible light storage for solar thermal fuels but also exhibits outstanding performances of abundant energy conversion and stable storage, which are attributed to the substantial absorbance in visible wavelengths of para-thiomethyl-substituted AAP groups and the stability of cis isomers, respectively. The energy density of the dendrimer fuel after efficiently harvesting blue light (405 nm) is as high as 0.14 MJ kg-1 (67 kJ mol-1), and the storage half-life of the fabricated dendrimer film can reach up to 12.9 days. Moreover, the heat release of the dendrimer film can be triggered by different stimuli (light and heat). The dendrimer film displays a 6.5 °C temperature difference between trans isomers and cis isomers during green light irradiation. Our work provides a fascinating avenue to fabricate visible light storage solar thermal fuels and unlocks the possibility of developing natural sunlight storage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youmei Xing
- Hangzhou Greenda Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Hangzhou Greenda Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Weihua Fang
- Hangzhou Greenda Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering and Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Nagai Y, Ishiba K, Yamamoto R, Yamada T, Morikawa M, Kimizuka N. Light‐Triggered, Non‐Centrosymmetric Self‐Assembly of Aqueous Arylazopyrazoles at the Air–Water Interface and Switching of Second‐Harmonic Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Keita Ishiba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masa‐aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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31
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Al-Bataineh QM, Ahmad AA, Alsaad AM, Qattan IA, Aljarrah IA, Telfah AD. Effect of Iodine Filler on Photoisomerization Kinetics of Photo-Switchable Thin Films Based on PEO-BDK-MR. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050841. [PMID: 33803395 PMCID: PMC7967190 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the effect of an iodine filler on photoisomerization kinetics of photo-switchable PEO-BDK-MR thin films. The kinetics of photoisomerization and time progression of PEO-BDK-MR/I2 nanocomposite thin films are investigated using UV-Vis, FTIR spectroscopies, and modified mathematical models developed using new analytical methods. Incorporating iodine filler into the PEO-BDK-MR polymeric matrix enhances the isomerization energy barrier and considerably increases the processing time. Our outcomes propose that enhanced photoisomerized and time processed (PEO-BDK-MR)/I2 thin films could be potential candidates for a variety of applications involving molecular solar thermal energy storage media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais M. Al-Bataineh
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (Q.M.A.-B.); (A.A.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - A. A. Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (Q.M.A.-B.); (A.A.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - A. M. Alsaad
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (Q.M.A.-B.); (A.A.A.); (I.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - I. A. Qattan
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ihsan A. Aljarrah
- Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (Q.M.A.-B.); (A.A.A.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad D. Telfah
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany;
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research (HMCSR), The Jordan University, Amman 11942, Jordan
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32
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Nagai Y, Ishiba K, Yamamoto R, Yamada T, Morikawa M, Kimizuka N. Light‐Triggered, Non‐Centrosymmetric Self‐Assembly of Aqueous Arylazopyrazoles at the Air–Water Interface and Switching of Second‐Harmonic Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6333-6338. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nagai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Keita Ishiba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Teppei Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masa‐aki Morikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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33
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Vela S, Scheidegger A, Fabregat R, Corminboeuf C. Tuning the Thermal Stability and Photoisomerization of Azoheteroarenes through Macrocycle Strain*. Chemistry 2021; 27:419-426. [PMID: 32991023 PMCID: PMC7839710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzene and its derivatives are one of the most widespread molecular scaffolds used in a range of modern applications, as well as in fundamental research. After photoexcitation, azo-based photoswitches revert back to the most stable isomer on a timescale ( t 1 / 2 ) that determines the range of potential applications. Attempts to bring t 1 / 2 to extreme values prompted the development of azobenzene and azoheteroarene derivatives that either rebalance the E- and Z-isomer stabilities, or exploit unconventional thermal isomerization mechanisms. In the former case, one successful strategy has been the creation of macrocycle strain, which tends to impact the E/Z stability asymmetrically, and thus significantly modifyt 1 / 2 . On the bright side, bridged derivatives have shown an improved optical switching owing to the higher quantum yields and absence of degradation. However, in most (if not all) cases, bridged derivatives display a reversed thermal stability (more stable Z-isomer), and smaller t 1 / 2 than the acyclic counterparts, which restricts their potential interest to applications requiring a fast forward and backwards switch. In this paper, the impact of alkyl bridges on the thermal stability of phenyl-azoheteroarenes is investigated by using computational methods, and it is revealed that it is indeed possible to combine such improved photoswitching characteristics while preserving the regular thermal stability (more stable E-isomer), and increased t 1 / 2 values under the appropriate connectivity and bridge length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringLaboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alan Scheidegger
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringLaboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Raimon Fabregat
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringLaboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringLaboratory for Computational Molecular DesignÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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34
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Heindl AH, Wegner HA. Rational Design of Azothiophenes-Substitution Effects on the Switching Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:13730-13737. [PMID: 32330338 PMCID: PMC7702042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted azothiophenes was prepared and investigated toward their isomerization behavior. Compared to azobenzene (AB), the presented compounds showed red-shifted absorption and almost quantitative photoisomerization to their (Z) states. Furthermore, it was found that electron-withdrawing substitution on the phenyl moiety increases, while electron-donating substitution decreases the thermal half-lives of the (Z)-isomers due to higher or lower stabilization by a lone pair-π interaction. Additionally, computational analysis of the isomerization revealed that a pure singlet state transition state is unlikely in azothiophenes. A pathway via intersystem crossing to a triplet energy surface of lower energy than the singlet surface provided a better fit with experimental data of the (Z)→(E) isomerization. The insights gained in this study provide the necessary guidelines to design effective thiophenylazo-photoswitches for applications in photopharmacology, material sciences, or solar energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Material Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Center for Material Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1635392GiessenGermany
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35
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Ludwanowski S, Ari M, Parison K, Kalthoum S, Straub P, Pompe N, Weber S, Walter M, Walther A. pH Tuning of Water-Soluble Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches. Chemistry 2020; 26:13203-13212. [PMID: 32427368 PMCID: PMC7693175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arylazopyrazoles are an emerging class of photoswitches with redshifted switching wavelength, high photostationary states, long thermal half-lives and facile synthetic access. Understanding pathways for a simple modulation of the thermal half-lives, while keeping other parameters of interest constant, is an important aspect for out-of-equilibrium systems design and applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the thermal half-life of a water-soluble PEG-tethered arylazo-bis(o-methylated)pyrazole (AAP) can be tuned by more than five orders of magnitude using simple pH adjustment, which is beyond the tunability of azobenzenes. The mechanism of thermal relaxation is investigated by thorough spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the concepts of a tunable half-life are transferred from the molecular scale to the material scale. Based on the photochromic characteristics of E- and Z-AAP, transient information storage is showcased in form of light-written patterns inside films cast from different pH, which in turn leads to different times of storage. With respect to prospective precisely tunable materials and time-programmed out-of-equilibrium systems, an externally tunable half-life is likely advantageous over changing the entire system by the replacement of the photoswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ludwanowski
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Meral Ari
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Karsten Parison
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Somar Kalthoum
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Paula Straub
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Nils Pompe
- Institute for Physical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute for Physical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Michael Walter
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, Freiburg Center for, Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, Freiburg Center for, Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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36
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Zhang ZY, He Y, Wang Z, Xu J, Xie M, Tao P, Ji D, Moth-Poulsen K, Li T. Photochemical Phase Transitions Enable Coharvesting of Photon Energy and Ambient Heat for Energetic Molecular Solar Thermal Batteries That Upgrade Thermal Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12256-12264. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jiale Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Gerkman MA, Gibson RSL, Calbo J, Shi Y, Fuchter MJ, Han GGD. Arylazopyrazoles for Long-Term Thermal Energy Storage and Optically Triggered Heat Release below 0 °C. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8688-8695. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A. Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Rosina S. L. Gibson
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46890 Paterna, Spain
| | - Yuran Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Grace G. D. Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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38
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Kennedy ADW, Sandler I, Andréasson J, Ho J, Beves JE. Visible‐Light Photoswitching by Azobenzazoles. Chemistry 2020; 26:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isolde Sandler
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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