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Georges T, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Electrostatic Surface Potentials and Chalcogen-Bonding Motifs of Substituted 2,1,3-Benzoselenadiazoles Probed via 77Se Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402254. [PMID: 38958873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonds (ChB) are moderately strong, directional, and specific non-covalent interactions that have garnered substantial interest over the last decades. Specifically, the presence of two σ-holes offers great potential for crystal engineering, catalysis, biochemistry, and molecular sensing. However, ChB applications are currently hampered by a lack of methods to characterize and control chalcogen bonds. Here, we report on the influence of various substituents (halogens, cyano, and methyl groups) on the observed self-complementary ChB networks of 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazoles. From molecular electrostatic potential calculations, we show that the electrostatic surface potentials (ESP) of the σ-holes on selenium are largely influenced by the electron-withdrawing character of these substituents. Structural analyses via X-ray diffraction reveal a variety of ChB geometries and binding modes that are rationalized via the computed ESP maps, although the structure of 5,6-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole also demonstrates the influence of steric interactions. 77Se solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, in particular the analysis of the selenium chemical shift tensors, is found to be an effective probe able to characterize both structural and electrostatic features of these self-complementary ChB systems. We find a positive correlation between the value of the ESP maxima at the σ-holes and the experimentally measured 77Se isotropic chemical shift, while the skew of the chemical shift tensor is established as a metric which is reflective of the ChB binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Georges
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Singh A, Torres-Huerta A, Meyer F, Valkenier H. Anion transporters based on halogen, chalcogen, and pnictogen bonds: towards biological applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04644g. [PMID: 39268212 PMCID: PMC11385378 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Motivated by their potential biological applications, anion receptors are increasingly explored as transmembrane transporters for anions. The vast majority of the reported anion transporters rely on hydrogen bonding to interact with the anions. However, in recent decades, halogen, chalcogen, and pnictogen bonding, collectively referred to as sigma-hole interactions, have received increasing attention. Most research efforts on these interactions have focused on crystal engineering, anion sensing, and organocatalysis. In recent years, however, these sigma-hole interactions have also been explored more widely in synthetic anion transporters. This perspective shows why synthetic transporters are promising candidates for biological applications. We provide a comprehensive review of the compounds used to transport anions across membranes, with a particular focus on how the binding atoms and molecular design affect the anion transport activity and selectivity. Few cell studies have been reported for these transporters based on sigma-hole interactions and we highlight the critical need for further biological studies on the toxicity, stability, and deliverability of these compounds to explore their full potential in biological applications, such as the treatment of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Aaron Torres-Huerta
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Franck Meyer
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems Avenue F. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64 1050 Brussels Belgium
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3
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Beckmann JL, Tiessen N, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B, Mitzel NW. Polydentate chalcogen bonding: anion trapping with a water-stable host compound carrying Se-CF 3 functions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12234-12239. [PMID: 38979556 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Bidentate and tetradentate chalcogen bonding host systems with SeCF3 functions as σ-hole donors in close proximity at the alkyne functions of 1,8-diethynylanthracene and its syn-dimer were prepared in quantitative yield by tin-selenium exchange reactions of the corresponding trimethylstannyl precursors with ClSeCF3. The bidentate system shows chalcogen bonding interactions with THF, but does not bind halide ions. The tetradentate system cooperatively chelates chloride, bromide and iodide ions with its four CC-SeCF3 units by rotating the four σ-holes towards the halide ion. The structures of these halide ion adducts were determined by X-ray diffraction. The hydrobromide and -iodide salts of the ethyl derivative of Schwesinger's phosphazene superbase served as halide salts with very weakly coordinating cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louis Beckmann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Natalia Tiessen
- Inorganic Chemistry ACII, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Inorganic Chemistry ACII, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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4
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Akbaba S, Steinke T, Vogel L, Engelage E, Erdelyi M, Huber SM. Elucidating the Binding Mode of Sulfur- and Selenium-Based Cationic Chalcogen-Bond Donors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400608. [PMID: 38604947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
For a comparison of the interaction modes of various chalcogen-bond donors, 2-chalcogeno-imidazolium salts have been designed, synthesized, and studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction, solution NMR and DFT as well as for their ability to act as activators in an SN1-type substitution reaction. Their interaction modes in solution were elucidated based on NMR diffusion and chemical shift perturbation experiments, which were supported by DFT-calculations. Our finding is that going from lighter to the heavier chalcogens, hydrogen bonding plays a less, while chalcogen bonding an increasingly important role for the coordination of anions. Anion-π interactions also show importance, especially for the sulfur and selenium derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Akbaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas Vogel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Wang Z, Shi B, Zhao C, Zeng Y. Hypervalent Chalcogen Bonds Catalysis on the Intramolecular Aza-Michael Reaction of Aminochalcone: Catalytic Performance and Chalcogen Bond Properties. Chemistry 2024:e202401886. [PMID: 38857119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bond (ChB) catalysis, as a new type in the field of non-covalent bond catalysis, has become a hot research topic in the field of organocatalysis in recent years. In the present work, we investigated the catalytic performance of a series of hypervalent ChB catalysis based on the intramolecular Aza-Michael reaction of aminochalcone. The reaction includes the carbon-nitrogen bond coupling step (key step) and the proton transfer step. The catalytic performance of mono-dentate pentafluorophenyl chalcogen bond donor ChB1 was comparable to that of bis-dentate chalcogen bond donor ChB4, and stronger than that of mono-dentate chalcogen bond donors ChB2 and ChB3. The formation of the chalcogen bond between the catalyst and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the reactant, causing the charge rearrangement of the reactant and C(1) charge of the -C-Ph group to become more positive, thereby the ChB catalysis promoted the nucleophile reaction. The electron density of the chalcogen bond of the pre-complex, the most positive electrostatic potentials of the catalyst, and the NPA charge of the key atom are proportional to the Gibbs energy barrier of the C-N bond coupling process, which provides an idea to predict the catalytic activity of the ChB catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, P. R. China
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6
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Tay HM, Docker A, Taylor AJ, Beer PD. A Halogen Bonding [2]Rotaxane Shuttle for Chloride-Selective Optical Sensing. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400952. [PMID: 38536767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The first example of a [2]rotaxane shuttle capable of selective optical sensing of chloride anions over other halides is reported. The rotaxane was synthesised via a chloride ion template-directed cyclisation of an isophthalamide macrocycle around a multi-station axle containing peripheral naphthalene diimide (NDI) stations and a halogen bonding (XB) bis(iodotriazole) based station. Proton NMR studies indicate the macrocycle resides preferentially at the NDI stations in the free rotaxane, where it is stabilised by aromatic donor-acceptor charge transfer interactions between the axle NDI and macrocycle hydroquinone moieties. Addition of chloride ions in an aqueous-acetone solvent mixture induces macrocycle translocation to the XB anion binding station to facilitate the formation of convergent XB⋅⋅⋅Cl- and hydrogen bonding HB⋅⋅⋅Cl- interactions, which is accompanied by a reduction of the charge-transfer absorption band. Importantly, little to no optical response was induced by addition of bromide or iodide to the rotaxane, indicative of the size discriminative steric inaccessibility of the interlocked cavity to the larger halides, demonstrating the potential of using the mechanical bond effect as a potent strategy and tool in chloride-selective chemo-sensing applications in aqueous containing solvent environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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7
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Fellowes T, Sani MA, White JM. Fingerprints of Chalcogen Bonding Revealed Through 77Se-NMR. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400385. [PMID: 38506412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
77Se-NMR is used to characterise several chalcogen bonded complexes of derivatives of the organoselenium drug ebselen, exploring a range of electron demand. NMR titration experiments support the intuitive understanding that chalcogen bond donors bearing more electron withdrawing substituents give rise stronger chalcogen bonds. The chemical shift of the selenium nucleus is also shown to move upfield as it participates in a chalcogen bond. Solid-state NMR is used to explore chalcogen bonding in co-crystals. Due to the lack of molecular reorientation on the NMR timescale in the solid state, the shape of the chemical shift tensor can be determined using this technique. A range of co-crystals are shown to have extremely large chemical shift anisotropy, which suggests a strongly anisotropic electron density distribution around the selenium atom. A single crystal NMR experiment was conducted using one of the co-crystals, affording the absolute orientation of the chemical shift tensor within the crystal. This showed that the selenium nucleus is strongly shielded in the direction of the chalcogen bond (due to the approach of the lone pair of the Lewis base), and strongly deshielded in the perpendicular direction. The orientation of the deshielded axis is consistent with the presence of a second σ-hole which is not participating in a chalcogen bond, showing the profound effect of electron density anisotropy on the chemical shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fellowes
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marc A Sani
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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8
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Islam AS, Pramanik S, Mondal S, Ghosh R, Ghosh P. Selective recognition and extraction of iodide from pure water by a tripodal selenoimidazol(ium)-based chalcogen bonding receptor. iScience 2024; 27:108917. [PMID: 38327780 PMCID: PMC10847689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A selenium-based tripodal chalcogen bond (ChB) donor TPI-3Se is demonstrated for the recognition and extraction of I- from 100% water medium. NMR and ITC studies with the halides reveal that the ChB donor selectively binds with the large, weakly hydrated I-. Interestingly, I- crystallizes out selectively in the presence of other halides supporting the superiority of the selective recognition of I-. The X-ray structure of the ChB-iodide complex manifests both the μ1 and μ2 coordinated interactions, which is rare in the C-Se···I chalcogen bonding. Furthermore, to validate the selective I- binding potency of TPI-3Se in pure water, comparisons are made with its hydrogen and halogen bond donor analogs. The computational analysis also provides the mode of I- recognition by TPI-3Se. Importantly, this receptor is capable of extracting I- from pure water through selenium sigma-hole and I- interaction with a high degree of efficiency (∼70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu S.M. Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sahidul Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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9
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Aragoni MC, Podda E, Chaudhary S, Bhasin AKK, Bhasin KK, Coles SJ, Orton JB, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Pintus A, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Arca M. An Experimental and Theoretical Insight into I 2 /Br 2 Oxidation of Bis(pyridin-2-yl)Diselane and Ditellane. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300836. [PMID: 37843415 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity between bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselane o Py2 Se2 and ditellane o Py2 Te2 (L1 and L2, respectively; o Py=pyridyn-2-yl) and I2 /Br2 is discussed. Single-crystal structure analysis revealed that the reaction of L1 with I2 yielded [(HL1+ )(I- )⋅5/2I2 ]∞ (1) in which monoprotonated cations HL1+ template a self-assembled infinite pseudo-cubic polyiodide 3D-network, while the reaction with Br2 yielded the dibromide Ho PySeII Br2 (2). The oxidation of L2 with I2 and Br2 yielded the compounds Ho PyTeII I2 (3) and Ho PyTeIV Br4 (6), respectively, whose structures were elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-Raman spectroscopy measurements are consistent with a 3c-4e description of all the X-Ch-X three-body systems (Ch=Se, Te; X=Br, I) in compounds 2, 3, Ho PyTeII Br2 (5), and 6. The structural and spectroscopic observations are supported by extensive theoretical calculations carried out at the DFT level that were employed to study the electronic structure of the investigated compounds, the thermodynamic aspects of their formation, and the role of noncovalent σ-hole halogen and chalcogen bonds in the X⋅⋅⋅X, X⋅⋅⋅Ch and Ch⋅⋅⋅Ch interactions evidenced structurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aman K K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Sector 82 A, Mohali, Punjab-140306, India
| | - Kuldip K Bhasin
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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10
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Radiush EA, Wang H, Chulanova EA, Ponomareva YA, Li B, Wei QY, Salnikov GE, Petrakova SY, Semenov NA, Zibarev AV. Halide Complexes of 5,6-Dicyano-2,1,3-Benzoselenadiazole with 1 : 4 Stoichiometry: Cooperativity between Chalcogen and Hydrogen Bonding. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300523. [PMID: 37750466 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The [M4 -Hal]- (M=the title compound; Hal=Cl, Br, and I) complexes were isolated in the form of salts of [Et4 N]+ cation and characterized by XRD, NMR, UV-Vis, DFT, QTAIM, EDD, and EDA. Their stoichiometry is caused by a cooperative interplay of σ-hole-driven chalcogen (ChB) and hydrogen (HB) bondings. In the crystal, [M4 -Hal]- are connected by the π-hole-driven ChB; overall, each [Hal]- is six-coordinated. In the ChB, the electrostatic interaction dominates over orbital and dispersion interactions. In UV-Vis spectra of the M+[Hal]- solutions, ChB-typical and [Hal]- -dependent charge-transfer bands are present; they reflect orbital interactions and allow identification of the individual [Hal]- . However, the structural situation in the solutions is not entirely clear. Particularly, the UV-Vis spectra of the solutions are different from the solid-state spectra of the [Et4 N]+ [M4 -Hal]- ; very tentatively, species in the solutions are assigned [M-Hal]- . It is supposed that the formation of the [M4 -Hal]- proceeds during the crystallization of the [Et4 N]+ [M4 -Hal]- . Overall, M can be considered as a chromogenic receptor and prototype sensor of [Hal]- . The findings are also useful for crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Radiush
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Elena A Chulanova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Current address: Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yana A Ponomareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Research University - Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Bin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Yu Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Georgy E Salnikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Yu Petrakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Semenov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Zibarev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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11
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Qiu J, Bateman CN, Lu S, George GC, Li X, Gorden JD, Vasylevskyi S, Cozzolino AF. Solution Studies of a Water-Stable, Trivalent Antimony Pnictogen Bonding Anion Receptor with High Binding Affinities for CN -, OCN -, and OAc . Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37499143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The solution phase anion binding behavior of a water-stable bidentate pnictogen bond donor was studied. A modest change in the visible absorption spectrum allowed for the determination of the binding constants. High binding constants were observed with cyanide, cyanate, and acetate, and these were corroborated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The receptor could be recovered free from the anion following treatment with methyl triflate, confirming that it remains intact. The tight binding of cyanide and water stability were exploited to use this system as a supramolecular catalyst in a phase-transfer Strecker reaction, further demonstrating the utility of pnictogen bonding as a tool in noncovalent catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Curt N Bateman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gary C George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - John D Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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12
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Square Planar Pt(II) Ion as Electron Donor in Pnictogen Bonding Interactions. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that late transition metals with low coordination numbers (square planar or linear) can act as nucleophiles and participate in σ-hole interactions as electron donors. This is due to the existence, in this type of metal complexes, of a pair of electrons located at high energy d-orbitals (dz2 or dx2-y2), which are adequate for interacting with antibonding σ-orbitals [σ*(X–Y)] where Y is usually an electron withdrawing element and X an element of the p-block. This type of d[M]→σ*(X–Y) interaction has been reported for metals of groups 9–11 in oxidation states +1 and +2 (d8 and d10) as electron donors and σ-holes located in halogen and chalcogen atoms as electron acceptors. To our knowledge, it has not been described for σ-holes located in pnictogen atoms. In this manuscript, evidence for the existence of pnictogen bonding involving the square planar Pt(II) metal as the electron donor and Sb as the electron acceptor is provided by using an X-ray structure retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and theoretical calculations. In particular, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), the noncovalent interaction plot (NCIPlot) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) methods were used. Moreover, to further confirm the nature of the Sb···Pt(II) contact, a recently developed method was used where the electron density (ED) and electrostatic potential (ESP) distribution were compared along the Sb···Pt(II) bond path.
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13
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Selenoxides as Excellent Chalcogen Bond Donors: Effect of Metal Coordination. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248837. [PMID: 36557974 PMCID: PMC9785337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chalcogen bond has been recently defined by the IUPAC as the attractive noncovalent interaction between any element of group 16 acting as an electrophile and any atom (or group of atoms) acting as a nucleophile. Commonly used chalcogen bond donor molecules are divalent selenium and tellurium derivatives that exhibit two σ-holes. In fact, the presence of two σ-hole confers to the chalcogen bonding additional possibilities with respect to the halogen bond, the most abundant σ-hole interaction. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that selenoxides are good candidates to be used as σ-hole donor molecules. Such molecules have not been analyzed before as chalcogen bond donors, as far as our knowledge extends. The σ-hole opposite to the Se=O bond is adequate for establishing strong and directional ChBs, as demonstrated herein using the Cambridge structural database (CSD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the effect of the metal coordination of the selenoxide to transition metals on the strength of the ChB interaction has been analyzed theoretically. The existence of the ChBs has been further supported by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the noncovalent interaction plot (NCIPlot).
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14
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Andreo L, Gomila RM, Priola E, Giordana A, Pantaleone S, Diana E, Mahmoudi G, Frontera A. Anion···Anion [AuI 4] -···[AuI 2] - Complex Trapped in the Solid State by Tetramethylammonium Cations. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:6539-6544. [PMID: 36345385 PMCID: PMC9635596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A discrete π-hole···σ-hole dimer is synthesized and X-ray characterized. It presents a perfect thumbtack geometry where the σ-hole of the linear [AuI2]- anion points to the π-hole located above the central Au-atom of the [AuI4]- anion. Such discrete π-hole···σ-hole dimers are unprecedented in literature, since all mixed-valence gold(I/III) iodide compounds reported to date form infinite ···([AuI4]-···[AuI2]-) n ·· chains in the solid state. If an excess of iodine is used for the synthesis, triiodide [I3]- ions are partially incorporated into the [AuI2]- sites, forming infinite chains. The nature of the anion···anion interaction has been studied considering two possibilities: (i) a π-hole coinage bond or (ii) σ-hole halogen bond using high-level density functional theory calculations, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and the noncovalent interaction plot index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Andreo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Emanuele Priola
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordana
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Pantaleone
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eliano Diana
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ghodrat Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
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15
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Abstract
The chalcogen Y atom in the aromatic ring of thiophene and its derivatives YC4H4 (Y = S, Se, Te) can engage in a number of different interactions with another such unit within the homodimer. Quantum calculations show that the two rings can be oriented perpendicular to one another in a T-shaped dimer in which the Y atom accepts electron density from the π-system of the other unit in a Y···π chalcogen bond (ChB). This geometry best takes advantage of attractions between the electrostatic potentials surrounding the two monomers. There are two other geometries in which the two Y atoms engage in a ChB with one another. However, instead of a simple interaction between a σ-hole on one Y and the lone pair of its neighbor, the interaction is better described as a pair of symmetrically equivalent Y···Y interactions, in which charge is transferred in both directions simultaneously, thereby effectively doubling the strength of the bond. These geometries differ from what might be expected based simply on the juxtaposition of the electrostatic potentials of the two monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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16
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Jena S, Dutta J, Tulsiyan KD, Sahu AK, Choudhury SS, Biswal HS. Noncovalent interactions in proteins and nucleic acids: beyond hydrogen bonding and π-stacking. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4261-4286. [PMID: 35560317 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the noncovalent interactions (NCIs) among the residues of proteins and nucleic acids, and between drugs and proteins/nucleic acids, etc., has extraordinary relevance in biomolecular structure and function. It helps in interpreting the dynamics of complex biological systems and enzymatic activity, which is esential for new drug design and efficient drug delivery. NCIs like hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) and π-stacking have been researchers' delight for a long time. Prominent among the recently discovered NCIs are halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel, carbo-hydrogen, and spodium bonding, and n → π* interaction. These NCIs have caught the imaginations of various research groups in recent years while explaining several chemical and biological processes. At this stage, a holistic view of these new ideas and findings lying scattered can undoubtedly trigger our minds to explore more. The present review attempts to address NCIs beyond H-bonding and π-stacking, which are mainly n → σ*, n → π* and σ → σ* type interactions. Five of the seven NCIs mentioned earlier are linked to five non-inert end groups of the modern periodic table. Halogen (group-17) bonding is one of the oldest and most explored NCIs, which finds its relevance in biomolecules due to the phase correction and inhibitory properties of halogens. Chalcogen (group 16) bonding serves as a redox-active functional group of different active sites of enzymes and acts as a nucleophile in proteases and phosphates. Pnictogen (group 15), tetrel (group 14), triel (group 13) and spodium (group 12) bonding does exist in biomolecules. The n → π* interactions are linked to backbone carbonyl groups and protein side chains. Thus, they are crucial in determining the conformational stability of the secondary structures in proteins. In addition, a more recently discovered to and fro σ → σ* type interaction, namely carbo-hydrogen bonding, is also present in protein-ligand systems. This review summarizes these grand epiphanies routinely used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of biomolecules, their enzymatic activities, and their application in drug discovery. It also briefs about the future perspectives and challenges posed to the spectroscopists and theoreticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrakant Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Juhi Dutta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Kiran Devi Tulsiyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar Sahu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Shubhranshu Shekhar Choudhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Himansu S Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), PO- Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via-Jatni, District- Khurda, PIN - 752050, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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17
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Kumar V, Triglav M, Morin VM, Bryce DL. Predictability of Chalcogen-Bond-Driven Crystal Engineering: An X-ray Diffraction and Selenium-77 Solid-State NMR Investigation of Benzylic Selenocyanate Cocrystals. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:252-260. [PMID: 36855468 PMCID: PMC9954200 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of new chalcogen-bonded cocrystals featuring 1,2-bis(selenocyanatomethyl)benzene (DSN) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(selenocyanatomethyl)-benzene (TSN) as the donor moieties and a variety of Lewis bases such as onium halides, N-oxides, and pyridine-containing heterocycles as the acceptors. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrates that, in every case, the selenocyanates consistently interact with the acceptor molecules through strong and directional Se···X chalcogen-bonds (ChBs) (X = halides, oxygen, and nitrogen). 77Se solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to measure selenium chemical shift tensor magnitudes and to explore potential correlations between these tensor elements and the local ChB geometry. In every case, the isotropic 77Se chemical shift decreases, and the chemical shift tensor span increases upon cocrystallization of DSN with the various ChB acceptors. This work contributes to a growing body of knowledge concerning the predictability and robustness of chalcogen bonds in crystal engineering as well as the NMR response to the establishment of chalcogen bonds. In particular, among the systems studied here, highly linear chalcogen bonds are formed exclusively at the stronger σ-hole of each and every selenium atom regardless of the size, charge, or denticity of the electron donor moiety.
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18
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Navarro-García E, Galmés B, Esquivel JL, Velasco MD, Bastida A, Zapata F, Caballero A, Frontera A. Host-guest complexes vs. supramolecular polymers in chalcogen bonding receptors: an experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1325-1332. [PMID: 35018911 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a comparative study between two tripodal anion receptors based on selenophene as the binding motif. The receptors use benzene or perfluorobenzene as a spacer. The presence of the electron-withdrawing ring activates the selenium atom for anion recognition inducing the formation of self-assembled supramolecular structures in the presence of chloride or bromide anions, which are bonded by the cooperative action of hydrogen and chalcogen bonding interactions. DOSY NMR and DLS experiments provided evidence for the formation of the supramolecular structures only in the presence of a perfluorobenzene based anion receptor while the analogous benzene one shows the classical anion/receptor complex without the participation of the selenium atom. The energetic and geometric features of the complexes of both receptors with the Cl and Br anions have been studied in solution. These results combined with the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface plots allow us to rationalize the quite different behaviors of both receptors observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Esquivel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María D Velasco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabiola Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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19
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Paixão DB, Soares EGO, Salles HD, Silva CDG, Rampon DS, Schneider PH. Rongalite in PEG-400 as a general and reusable system for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the use of rongalite in PEG-400 as a general, efficient, and environmentally benign reductive system for the synthesis of a wide range of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes from elemental sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G. O. Soares
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena D. Salles
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caren D. G. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise (LAPOCA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19061, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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20
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Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Maris T, Wysokiński R, Scheiner S. Experimental and theoretical evidence of attractive interactions between dianions: [PdCl 4] 2-⋯[PdCl 4] 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13305-13308. [PMID: 34807208 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inspection of the arrangement of tetrachloridopalladate(II) centers in a crystalline solid places the Cl of one [PdCl4]2- directly above the Pd center of its neighbor. A survey of the CSD provides 22 more examples of such MX42-⋯MX42- complexes, with M being a Group 10 metal and X = Cl, Br, or I. Quantum calculations attribute this arrangement to a π-hole bond wherein Cl lone pairs of one unit transfer charge to vacant orbitals above the Pd center of its neighbor. The stabilizing effect of this bond must overcome the strong Coulombic repulsion between the two dianions, which is facilitated by a polarizable environment as would be present in a crystal, but much more so when the effects of the neighboring counterions are factored in. These conclusions are extended to other [MX4]2- homodimers, where M represents other members of Group 10, namely Ni and Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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21
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Scheiner S. Maximal occupation by bases of π-hole bands surrounding linear molecules. J Comput Chem 2021; 43:319-330. [PMID: 34859910 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Linear molecules such as CO2 contain a positive π-hole ring that surrounds C on the molecule's equator. Quantum calculations examine the question as to how many bases can simultaneously bind to this ring. Linear molecules examined are TO2 , where T = C, Si, Ge, Sn; bases are NCH and NH3 . CO2 engages in the weakest of the tetrel bonds, and can bind up to three NCH and two NH3 . Unlike σ-hole tetrel bonds, Si forms the strongest tetrel bonds, with interaction energies as high as 43 kcal/mol with NH3 . But like GeO2 , SiO2 can sustain only two bases in its equatorial ring. The π-hole ring of SnO2 can engage in up to four tetrel bonds with either NCH or NH3 , even though these bonds are weaker than those with GeO2 or SiO2 . As all of these complexes cast TO2 in the role of multiple electron acceptor, the resulting negative cooperativity makes each successive bond weaker than its predecessor as bases are added, as well as reducing the magnitude of the central molecule's π-hole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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22
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Frontera A, Bauza A. On the Importance of Pnictogen and Chalcogen Bonding Interactions in Supramolecular Catalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12550. [PMID: 34830432 PMCID: PMC8623369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, several examples of the application of pnictogen (Pn) (group 15) and chalcogen (Ch) bonding (group 16) interactions in organocatalytic processes are gathered, backed up with Molecular Electrostatic Potential surfaces of model systems. Despite the fact that the use of catalysts based on pnictogen and chalcogen bonding interactions is taking its first steps, it should be considered and used by the scientific community as a novel, promising tool in the field of organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Bauza
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain;
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23
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Abstract
The list of σ-hole bonds is long and growing, encompassing both H-bonds and its closely related halogen, chalcogen, etc., sisters. These bonds rely on the asymmetric distribution of electron density, whose depletion along the extension of a covalent bond leaves a positive region of electrostatic potential from which these bonds derive their name. However, the density distributions of other molecules contain analogous positive regions that lie out of the molecular plane known as π-holes, which are likewise capable of engaging in noncovalent bonds. Quantum calculations are applied to study such π-hole bonds that involve linear molecules, whose positive region is a circular belt surrounding the molecule, rather than the more restricted area of a σ-hole. These bonds are examined in terms of their most fundamental elements arising from the spatial dispositions of their relevant molecular orbitals and the π-holes in both the total electron density and the electrostatic potential to which they lead. Systems examined comprise tetrel, chalcogen, aerogen, and triel bonds, as well as those involving group II elements, with atoms drawn from various rows of the Periodic Table. The π-hole bonds established by linear molecules tend to be weaker than those of comparable planar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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24
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Abstract
Elements from groups 14–18 and periods 3–6 commonly behave as Lewis acids, which are involved in directional noncovalent interactions (NCI) with electron-rich species (lone pair donors), π systems (aromatic rings, triple and double bonds) as well as nonnucleophilic anions (BF4−, PF6−, ClO4−, etc.). Moreover, elements of groups 15 to 17 are also able to act as Lewis bases (from one to three available lone pairs, respectively), thus presenting a dual character. These emerging NCIs where the main group element behaves as Lewis base, belong to the σ–hole family of interactions. Particularly (i) tetrel bonding for elements belonging to group 14, (ii) pnictogen bonding for group 15, (iii) chalcogen bonding for group 16, (iv) halogen bonding for group 17, and (v) noble gas bondings for group 18. In general, σ–hole interactions exhibit different features when moving along the same group (offering larger and more positive σ–holes) or the same row (presenting a different number of available σ–holes and directionality) of the periodic table. This is illustrated in this review by using several examples retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), especially focused on σ–hole interactions, complemented with molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of model systems.
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25
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Weiss R, Aubert E, Pale P, Mamane V. Chalcogen‐Bonding Catalysis with Telluronium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Weiss
- LASYROC UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- CRM2 University of Lorraine, BP 70239 Boulevard des Aiguillettes 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Patrick Pale
- LASYROC UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Victor Mamane
- LASYROC UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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26
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Weiss R, Aubert E, Pale P, Mamane V. Chalcogen-Bonding Catalysis with Telluronium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19281-19286. [PMID: 34166563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonding results from non-covalent interactions occurring between electrodeficient chalcogen atoms and Lewis bases. Among the chalcogens, tellurium is the strongest Lewis acid, but Te-based compounds are scarcely used as organocatalysts. For the first time, telluronium cations demonstrated impressive catalytic properties at low loadings in three benchmark reactions: the Friedel-Crafts bromination of anisole, the bromolactonization of ω-unsaturated carboxylic acids and the aza-Diels-Alder between Danishefsky's diene and imines. The ability of telluronium cations to interact with a Lewis base through chalcogen bonding was demonstrated on the basis of multi-nuclear (17 O, 31 P, and 125 Te) NMR analysis and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Weiss
- LASYROC, UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Aubert
- CRM2, University of Lorraine, BP 70239, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- LASYROC, UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Victor Mamane
- LASYROC, UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Scheiner S. Dissection of the Origin of π-Holes and the Noncovalent Bonds in Which They Engage. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6514-6528. [PMID: 34310147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accompanying the rapidly growing list of σ-hole bonds has come the acknowledgment of parallel sorts of noncovalent bonds which owe their stability in large part to a deficiency of electron density in the area above the molecular plane, known as a π-hole. The origins of these π-holes are probed for a wide series of molecules, comprising halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, tetrel, aerogen, and spodium bonds. Much like in the case of their σ-hole counterparts, formation of the internal covalent π-bond in the Lewis acid molecule pulls density toward the bond midpoint and away from its extremities. This depletion of density above the central atom is amplified by an electron-withdrawing substituent. At the same time, the amplitude of the π*-orbital is enhanced in the region of the density-depleted π-hole, facilitating a better overlap with the nucleophile's lone pair orbital and a stabilizing n → π* charge transfer. The presence of lone pairs on the central atom acts to attenuate the π-hole and shift its position somewhat, resulting in an overall weakening of the π-hole bond. There is a tendency for π-hole bonds to include a higher fraction of induction energy than σ-bonds with proportionately smaller electrostatic and dispersion components, but this distinction is less a product of the σ- or π-character and more a function of the overall bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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Shi D, Cao J, Weng P, Yan X, Li Z, Jiang YB. Chalcogen bonding mediates the formation of supramolecular helices of azapeptides in crystals. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6397-6401. [PMID: 34251014 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01053k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore whether chalcogen bonding was able to drive the formation of supramolecular helices, alanine-based azapeptides containing a β-turn structure, with a thiophene group, respectively, incorporated in the N- or C-terminus, were employed as helical building blocks. While the former derivative formed a supramolecular M-helix via intermolecular SS chalcogen bonding in crystals, the latter formed P-helix via intermolecular SO chalcogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jinlian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Peimin Weng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Zhou B, Gabbaï FP. Lewis Acidic Telluronium Cations: Enhanced Chalcogen-Bond Donor Properties and Application to Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States of America
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States of America
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30
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Zhou B, Gabbaï FP. Anion Chelation via Double Chalcogen Bonding: The Case of a Bis-telluronium Dication and Its Application in Electrophilic Catalysis via Metal-Chloride Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8625-8630. [PMID: 34085823 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telluronium cations have long been known to engage their counteranions via secondary interactions. Yet, this property has rarely been exploited for anion binding. Motivated by such an application, we have now synthesized a bis-telluronium dication ([3]2+) that was obtained as a tetrafluoroborate salt by reaction of 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene-4,5-diboronic acid with phenoxatellurine difluoride and BF3·OEt2. As confirmed by the formation of Te-(μ-BF4)-Te bridges in the structure of [3][BF4]2, [3]2+ functions as a bidentate Lewis acid toward anions. [3][BF4]2 has also been converted into the more exposed [3][BArF24]2 ([BArF24]- = [B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4]-). The latter, which readily ionizes Ph3CCl, displays a chloride anion binding constant that exceeds that of a monofunctional model compound by almost 4 orders of magnitude. The unique properties of this new bis-telluronium dication are further highlighted by its ability to activate Ph3PAuCl and cis-(Ph3P)2PtCl2, leading to catalytic systems highly active in the cycloisomerization of propargylamide or enyne substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds through Sigma and Pi-Hole Located on the Same Molecule. Guiding Principles and Comparisons. Molecules 2021; 26:1740. [PMID: 33804617 PMCID: PMC8003638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, scientific interest in noncovalent interactions based on the presence of electron-depleted regions called σ-holes or π-holes has markedly accelerated. Their high directionality and strength, comparable to hydrogen bonds, has been documented in many fields of modern chemistry. The current review gathers and digests recent results concerning these bonds, with a focus on those systems where both σ and π-holes are present on the same molecule. The underlying principles guiding the bonding in both sorts of interactions are discussed, and the trends that emerge from recent work offer a guide as to how one might design systems that allow multiple noncovalent bonds to occur simultaneously, or that prefer one bond type over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA;
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Tiekink ERT. Zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional supramolecular architectures sustained by Se …O chalcogen bonding: A crystallographic survey. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213586. [PMID: 33100367 PMCID: PMC7568495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Cambridge Structural Database was evaluated for crystals containing Se…O chalcogen bonding interactions. These secondary bonding interactions are found to operate independently of complementary intermolecular interactions in about 13% of the structures they can potentially form. This number rises significantly when more specific interactions are considered, e.g. Se…O(carbonyl) interactions occur in 50% of cases where they can potentially form. In about 55% of cases, the supramolecular assemblies sustained by Se…O(oxygen) interactions are one-dimensional architectures, with the next most prominent being zero-dimensional assemblies, at 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, 5 Jalan Universiti, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
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Abstract
The heavier chalcogen atoms S, Se, and Te can each participate in a range of different noncovalent interactions. They can serve as both proton donor and acceptor in H-bonds. Each atom can also act as electron acceptor in a chalcogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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Huynh HT, Jeannin O, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Fourmigué M. Chalcogen bonding interactions in chelating, chiral bis(selenocyanates). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both anti (racemic mixture) and syn (meso) forms of a chiral, chelating chalcogen bond (ChB) donor interact with halides through short Se⋯X− directional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Tri Huynh
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | | | | | - Marc Fourmigué
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
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Basak T, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Chattopadhyay S. Differentiating intramolecular spodium bonds from coordination bonds in two polynuclear zinc( ii) Schiff base complexes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two new zinc(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Theoretical study is devoted to distinguish between conventional coordination bonds and spodium bonds between the zinc and oxygen centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Basak
- Department of Chemistry
- Inorganic Section
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Serveis Cientificotècnics
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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Haberhauer G, Gleiter R. The Nature of Strong Chalcogen Bonds Involving Chalcogen-Containing Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21236-21243. [PMID: 32776609 PMCID: PMC7693109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonds are σ hole interactions and have been used in recent years as an alternative to hydrogen bonds. In general, the electrostatic potential at the chalcogen atom and orbital delocalization effects are made responsible for the orientation of the chalcogen bond. Here, we were able to show by means of SAPT calculations that neither the induction (orbital delocalization effects) nor the electrostatic term is causing the spatial orientation of strong chalcogen bonds in tellurium-containing aromatics. Instead, steric interactions (Pauli repulsion) are responsible for the orientation. Against chemical intuition the dispersion energies of the examined tellurium-containing aromatics are far less important for the net attractive forces compared to the energies in the corresponding sulfur and selenium compounds. Our results underline the importance of often overlooked steric interactions (Pauli repulsion) in conformational control of σ hole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 745117EssenGermany
| | - Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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37
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Die Natur starker Chalkogenbindungen unter Beteiligung chalkogenhaltiger Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Scheiner S. Versatility of the Cyano Group in Intermolecular Interactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4495. [PMID: 33007991 PMCID: PMC7582283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cyano groups are added to an alkane, alkene, and alkyne group so as to construct a Lewis acid molecule with a positive region of electrostatic potential in the area adjoining these substituents. Although each individual cyano group produces only a weak π-hole, when two or more such groups are properly situated, they can pool their π-holes into one much more intense positive region that is located midway between them. A NH3 base is attracted to this site, where it forms a strong noncovalent bond to the Lewis acid, amounting to as much as 13.6 kcal/mol. The precise nature of the bonding varies a bit from one complex to the next but typically contains a tetrel bond to the C atoms of the cyano groups or the C atoms of the linkage connecting the C≡N substituents. The placement of the cyano groups on a cyclic system like cyclopropane or cyclobutane has a mild weakening effect upon the binding. Although F is comparable to C≡N in terms of electron-withdrawing power, the replacement of cyano by F substituents substantially weakens the binding with NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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Intramolecular Spodium Bonds in Zn(II) Complexes: Insights from Theory and Experiment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197091. [PMID: 32993027 PMCID: PMC7582961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new dinuclear zinc(II) complexes, [Zn2(µ1,3-OAc)(L1)2]I·MeOH (1) and [Zn2(µ1,3-OAc)(L2)(NCS)] (2), (where HL1 = 2-(((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)amino)methyl)-6-methoxy-phenol and H2L2 = 2,2′-[(1-Methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis(iminomethylene)]bis[6-ethoxyphenol]) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. Their X-ray solid state structures have been determined, revealing the existence of intramolecular Zn···O spodium bonds in both complexes due to the presence of methoxy (1) or ethoxy (2) substituents adjacent to the coordinated phenolic O-atom. These noncovalent interactions have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the quantum theory of “atoms-in-molecules” and the noncovalent interaction plot. Moreover, a search in the Cambridge structure database (CSD) has been conducted in order to investigate the prevalence of intramolecular spodium bonds in Zn complexes. To our knowledge this is the first investigation dealing with intramolecular spodium bonds.
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Mehrparvar S, Wölper C, Gleiter R, Haberhauer G. The Carbonyl⋅⋅⋅Tellurazole Chalcogen Bond as a Molecular Recognition Unit: From Model Studies to Supramolecular Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17154-17161. [PMID: 32533583 PMCID: PMC7540342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, chalcogen bonding, the noncovalent interaction involving chalcogen centers, has emerged as interesting alternative to the ubiquitous hydrogen bonding in many research areas. Here, we could show by means of high-level quantum chemical calculations that the carbonyl⋅⋅⋅tellurazole chalcogen bond is at least as strong as conventional hydrogen bonds. Using the carbonyl⋅⋅⋅tellurazole binding motif, we were able to design complex supramolecular networks in solid phase starting from tellurazole-substituted cyclic peptides. X-ray analyses reveal that the rigid structure of the cyclic peptides is caused by hydrogen bonds, whereas the supramolecular network is held together by chalcogen bonding. The type of the supramolecular network depends on peptide used; both linear wires and a honeycomb-like supramolecular organic framework (SOF) were observed. The unique structure of the SOF shows two channels filled with different types of solvent mixtures that are either locked or freely movable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mehrparvar
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745117EssenGermany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745117EssenGermany
| | - Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 745117EssenGermany
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tanii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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42
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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Mehrparvar S, Wölper C, Gleiter R, Haberhauer G. Die Carbonyl⋅⋅⋅Tellurazol‐Chalkogenbindung als molekulare Erkennungseinheit: Von Modellstudien zu supramolekularen organischen Gerüstverbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mehrparvar
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 D-45117 Essen Deutschland
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 D-45117 Essen Deutschland
| | - Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 D-69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 D-45117 Essen Deutschland
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Galmés B, Adrover J, Terraneo G, Frontera A, Resnati G. Radicalradical chalcogen bonds: CSD analysis and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12757-12765. [PMID: 32463046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports a combination of crystallographic analysis (Cambridge Structural Database) and theoretical DFT calculations in chalcogen bonding interactions involving radicals in both the Ch bond (ChB) donor and acceptor. As a radical ChB acceptor (nucleophile) we have used benzodithiazolyl radical (BDTA) and as Ch bond donors (electrophile) we have used dithiadiazolyl and diselenadiazolyl radicals of the general formula p-X-C6F4-CNChChN (Ch = S, and Se). We have evaluated how the para substituent (X) affects the interaction energy, spin density and charge/spin transfer from the electron rich BDTA radical to the electron poor dichalcogenadiazolyl ring. The ability of the latter rings to form ChBs in the solid state has been examined by a comprehensive search in the CSD; several cases are used to exemplify the preferred geometric features of the complexes and they are compared with the theory. The molecular surface electrostatic potentials calculated for these ChB donors allow for a very precise rationalization of the self-assembly motifs most frequently adopted in the crystalline state and of their relative robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Jaume Adrover
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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