1
|
Lyu P, Ding Z, Doi M, Man X. A Unified Model for Non-Fickian Diffusion and Anomalous Swelling of Glassy Polymer Gels. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:483-488. [PMID: 38592729 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A sheet of glassy polymers placed in a solvent shows swelling behaviors quite different from that of soft polymers (rubbers and gels). (1) Non-Fickian diffusion (called case II diffusion): As solvent permeates into the sample, a sharp front is created between the swollen part and the glassy part, and it moves toward the center at constant speed. (2) Nonmonotonous swelling: The thickness of the sample first increases and then decreases toward the equilibrium value. Here we propose a theory to explain such anomalous behavior by extending the previous theory for swelling of soft gels. We regard the material as a continuum mixture of a glassy polymer network and solvent. We assume that the polymer network is a viscoelastic gel of glassy polymers, and its relaxation time depends strongly on solvent concentration. We show that this theory explains the above two characteristics of glassy polymers in a simple and unified framework. The theory predicts how the permeation speed of the solvent and the characteristic times of the swelling process depend on material parameters and experimental conditions, which can be checked experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peihan Lyu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ding
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Masao Doi
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xingkun Man
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Nie J, Bai W, Hu S, Wang X, Zhang L, Liu L. Diffusivities and Atomic Mobilities in BCC Ti-Fe-Cr Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1927. [PMID: 38673284 PMCID: PMC11051987 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this research, the diffusion behaviors within the Ti-Fe-Cr ternary system were examined at the temperatures of 1273 K and 1373 K through the diffusion couple technique. This study led to the determination of both ternary inter-diffusion and impurity diffusion coefficients in the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase for the Ti-Fe-Cr alloy, utilizing the Whittle-Green and Hall methods. The statistics show that the average diffusion coefficients D˜FeFeTi and D˜CrCrTi measured at 1273 K were 1.34 × 10-12 and 3.66 × 10-13, respectively. At 1373 K, the average values of D˜FeFeTi and D˜CrCrTi were 4.89 × 10-12 and 1.43 × 10-12. By adopting the CALPHAD method, a self-consistent database for atomic mobility in the bcc phase of the Ti-Fe-Cr system was established. This database underwent refinement by comparing the newly acquired diffusion coefficients with data from the existing literature. Diffusion simulations for the diffusion couples were performed, drawing on the established database. The error between the simulated diffusion coefficient and the experimental measurement data is within 15%, and the simulated data of the component distance distribution and diffusion path are in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulations generated results that aligned well with the observed experimental diffusion characteristics, thereby affirming the reliability and accuracy of the database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; (Y.H.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; (Y.H.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Weimin Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; (Y.H.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Songsong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; (Y.H.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; (Y.H.); (J.N.); (S.H.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hornsby TK, Kashkooli FM, Jakhmola A, Kolios MC, Tavakkoli JJ. Kinetic modelling of ultrasound-triggered chemotherapeutic drug release from the surface of gold nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21301. [PMID: 38042841 PMCID: PMC10693567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound can be used to trigger the on-demand release of chemotherapeutic drugs from gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In the previous work, our group achieved doxorubicin (DOX) release from the surface of GNPS under low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure. However, the specific release kinetics of ultrasound-triggered DOX release from GNPs is not known. Here, we present a release kinetics study of DOX from GNPs under ultrasound exposure for the first time. A novel dialysis membrane setup was designed to quantify DOX release from LIPUS-activated GNPs at 37.0 °C and 43.4 °C (hyperthermia temperature range). Contributions of thermal and non-thermal mechanisms of LIPUS-triggered DOX release were also quantified. Non-thermal mechanisms accounted for 40 ± 7% and 34 ± 5% of DOX release for 37.0 °C and 43.4 °C trials, respectively. DOX release under LIPUS exposure was found to follow Korsmeyer-Peppas (K-P) kinetics, suggesting a shift from a Fickian (static) to a non-Fickian (dynamic) release profile with the addition of non-thermal interactions. DOX release was attributed to an anomalous diffusion release mechanism from the GNP surface. A finite element model was also developed to quantify the acoustic radiation force, believed to be the driving force of non-thermal DOX release inside the dialysis bag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Hornsby
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jahangir Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pruksawan S, Lin Z, Lee YL, Chee HL, Wang F. 4D-Printed Hydrogel Actuators through Diffusion-Path Architecture Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46388-46399. [PMID: 37738306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, smart hydrogels have garnered considerable attention as biomedical devices, and several approaches have been introduced for their fabrication, including the incorporation of stimulus-responsive additives, utilization of molecular imprinting techniques, and application of multilayered hydrogels. However, the nonuniform properties resulting from these approaches limit the practical applications of hydrogels by causing inconsistent performance and behavior. In this study, we propose a novel approach to manipulating the swelling kinetics of hydrogels by engineering their diffusion-path architecture. By simply adjusting the diffusion path length within the hydrogel, we achieved a significant change in swelling kinetics. This approach enables precise control over the diffusion and transport processes within the hydrogel, resulting in enhanced swelling kinetics when reducing the diffusion path length. Furthermore, by strategically designing the diffusion-path architecture of a 3D-printed hydrogel specimen, we can fabricate smart hydrogel actuators that exhibit reversible shape transformations during swelling and deswelling through a nonequilibrium differential swelling. The proposed approach eliminates the need to modify the spatial properties of hydrogel structures such as cross-linking density, polymer, or additive compositions, thereby achieving uniform properties throughout the hydrogel and creating new possibilities for the development of advanced 4D-printed biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirawit Pruksawan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zehuang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yock Leng Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Heng Li Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nassar N, Kasapis S. Fundamental advances in hydrogels for the development of the next generation of smart delivery systems as biopharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122634. [PMID: 36690133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in developing and applying therapeutic peptides for anticancer, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory remedies have opened a new era in therapeutics. This development has resulted in the engineering of new biologics as part of a concerted effort by the pharmaceutical industry. Many alternative routes of administration and delivery vehicles, targeting better patient compliance and optimal therapeutic bioavailability, have emerged. However, the design of drug delivery systems to protect a range of unstable macromolecules, including peptides and proteins, from high temperatures, acidic environments, and enzymatic degradation remains a priority. Herein, we give chronological insights in the development of controlled-release drug delivery systems that occurred in the last 70 years or so. Subsequently, we summarise the key physicochemical characteristics of hydrogels contributing to the development of protective delivery systems concerning drug-targeted delivery in the chronospatial domain for biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we shed some light on promising hydrogels that can be utilised for systemic bioactive administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Nassar
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia.
| | - Stefan Kasapis
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Vic 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hashmi S, Ahmed R, Rehman AU, García-Peñas A, Zahoor A, Khan F, Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani M, Alshahrani T, Stadler FJ. Study of the synergistic influence of zwitterionic interactions and graphene oxide on water diffusion mechanism and mechanical properties in hybrid hydrogel network. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137710. [PMID: 36592834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid hydrogels based on n-isopropylacrylamide, zwitterionic comonomer, and graphene oxide were synthesized to study their physical and mechanical properties. The compositional variation largely influenced the swelling characteristics of the hybrid hydrogels compared to mechanical properties, i.e., elongation and compression. Additionally, Rheometric swelling measurements on the swollen hydrogels were performed until they reached equilibrium showed a very low phase angle δ indicating strong covalent network, which intrun increases with increasing content of zwitterions and GO. Swelling kinetics were studied and found to follow Fickian dynamics, albeit zwitterion-containing gels showed a peculiar 2-step swelling pattern. Interestingly, differences in the swelling mechanism are also clear for the hydrogels with 2D GO (Graphene oxide) nano-fillers from its 1D nano-filler CNTs (Carbon nanotubes). In elongation, the samples break in a brittle fashion at Hencky strains εmax around 0.4-0.65 with the maximum stress being observed for samples with high Zw-content and 0.2% GO, which can be explained by the stress-rising properties of sharp edges of GO. In contrast, the data in compression profits from higher GO-contents as crack growth is less important in this deformation mode. This work will contribute to future composite gel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saud Hashmi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmed
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Awan Zahoor
- Department of Polymer & Petrochemical Engineering NED University of Engineering & Technology, Pakistan
| | - Firoz Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamraa Alshahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thitithammawong A, Saiwari S, Salaeh S, Hayeemasae N. Potent Application of Scrap from the Modified Natural Rubber Production as Oil Absorbent. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235066. [PMID: 36501460 PMCID: PMC9736379 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of raw natural rubber always ends up with leftover latex. This latex is later collected to produce low grades of rubber. The collection of this latex also depends on the latex's quality. However, reproducing the latex may not be applicable if the latex contains many specks of dirt which will eventually be discarded. In this work, an alternative solution was to utilize such rubber in a processable form. This scrap rubber (SR) from the production of natural rubber grafted with polymethyl methacrylate (NR-g-PMMA) production was recovered to prepare an oil-swellable rubber. The rubber blends were turned into cellular structures to increase the oil swellability. To find the suitable formulation and cellular structure of the foam, the foams were prepared by blending SR with virgin natural rubber (NR) at various ratios, namely 0/100, 20/80, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 80/20, and 100/0 (phr/phr). The foam formation strongly depended on the SR, as it prevented gas penetration throughout the matrix. Consequently, small cells and thick cell walls were observed. This structure reduced the oil swellability from 7.09 g/g to 5.02 g/g. However, it is interesting to highlight that the thermal stability of the foam increased over the addition of SR, which is likely due to the higher thermal stability of the NR-g-PMMA waste or SR. In summary, the blending NR with 30 phr of SR provided good oil swellability, processability, and morphology, which benefit oil recovery application. The results obtained from this study will be used for further experiments on the enhancement of oil absorbency by applying other key factors. This work is considered a good initiative for preparing the oil-absorbent material based on scrap from modified natural rubber production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Thitithammawong
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Sitisaiyidah Saiwari
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Subhan Salaeh
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Nabil Hayeemasae
- Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy (AEMI), Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solvent polarity impacts the sorption kinetics and tensile properties of carbon black filled elastomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Effect of Glycerol, Calcium and Transglutaminase Post-Treatment on the Properties of Regenerated Fibers from Rennet-Treated Casein Micelles. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Regenerated fibers can be prepared from a cooled solution of renneted casein micelles in a wet spinning process. For better handling and stability of the fiber, plasticizers, network modifiers or cross-linkers are used in the production process. For that reason, fibers with different glycerol and calcium content are prepared in this study and subsequently treated with the enzyme transglutaminase before being characterized after air drying. In addition to the swelling behavior in NaOH, H2O, simulated milk ultrafiltrate buffer as well as HCl, the mechanical properties of the fibers are investigated, taking into account their microscopic fine structure. Transglutaminase-treated fibers show sigmoidal absorption curves for all solvents and reach higher equilibrium swelling percentages than untreated fibers. When the calcium content in the coagulation bath is increased from 50 mM to 100 mM, more stabilizing calcium bridges lead to a denser fiber structure that swells more slowly in all solvents considered. With increasing glycerol content, the flexibility of the fibers increases, as indicated by the decrease in elastic moduli, and a fine structure in the sub-µm range becomes visible. The fibers also demonstrate lower elastic moduli when post-treated with transglutaminase. Besides the higher casein content due to the transglutaminase treatment, this could also contribute to the higher equilibrium swelling percentages compared to the untreated fibers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Borrmann D, Danzer A, Sadowski G. Generalized Diffusion–Relaxation Model for Solvent Sorption in Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Borrmann
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Andreas Danzer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bastiani FH, Sufredini S, Romio AP, Nicolin DJ. Modeling the drying kinetics of alginate particles considering shrinkage. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephani Sufredini
- Engineering Academic Department Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Romio
- Engineering Academic Department Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| | - Douglas Junior Nicolin
- Engineering Academic Department Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Francisco Beltrão Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knox ST, Wright A, Cameron C, Fairclough JPA. Structural Variation and Chemical Performance-A Study of the Effects of Chemical Structure upon Epoxy Network Chemical Performance. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:3438-3445. [PMID: 34308358 PMCID: PMC8291510 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resins are used widely as protective coatings, in a wide range of harsh chemical environments. This work explores the influence of subtle structural variation in both epoxy and amine monomers upon chemical performance of cured networks, whether changing molecular geometry, the nature of the chemistry, or the mass between cross-linking reactive groups. To achieve this, four industrially relevant epoxy resins (two based on bisphenol A-Epikote 828 (E828) and Dow Epoxy Resin 332 (DER 332)-and two based on bisphenol F-Dow Epoxy Resin 354 (DER 354) and Araldite PY306 (PY306)) and the isomerically pure para-para-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (ppDGEBF) were used to explore variation caused by epoxy monomer variation. Four similar amines (meta-xylylenediamine (MXDA), para-xylylenediamine (PXDA), 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,4-BAC)) were used to explore any variations caused by regioisomerism and aromaticity. Bisphenol F-based resins were found to outperform bisphenol A-based analogues, and chain extension within the epoxy component was found to be detrimental to performance. For amines, 1,3-substitution (vs 1,4) and aromaticity were both found to be beneficial to chemical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Knox
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4BJ, U.K.
| | - Anthony Wright
- AkzoNobel, International Paint Ltd, Stoneygate Lane, Gateshead NE10 0JY, U.K.
| | - Colin Cameron
- AkzoNobel, International Paint Ltd, Stoneygate Lane, Gateshead NE10 0JY, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Wei Z, Chen Y, Wijaya W, Cheng Y, Xiao J, Huang Q. Hydrogels assembled from ovotransferrin fibrils and xanthan gum as dihydromyricetin delivery vehicles. Food Funct 2020; 11:1478-1488. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02564b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ovotransferrin fibril–xanthan gum hydrogels were assembled to deliver dihydromyricetin effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wei
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
| | - Wahyu Wijaya
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry Group
| | - Yujia Cheng
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banaee S, Que Hee SS. Glove permeation of chemicals: The state of the art of current practice, Part 1: Basics and the permeation standards. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2019; 16:827-839. [PMID: 31684851 PMCID: PMC8005623 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1678754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Skin exposure to chemicals in the workplace environment is a major concern, the hands being the major exposure sites. Employers purchase gloves that have permeation data generated from permeation "standards" of the American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM International), European Committee for Standardization (EN), and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that test pieces of glove material and allow a user-defined temperature. The relevant standards based on continuous contact are ASTM F739, ASTM D6978, EN 374, EN 16523, and ISO 6529. The aim was to analyze the current state of the scientific literature on glove permeation in the 21st century up to December 2018. The introduction sets out the background, objectives and rationale of the review and its methodology followed by presentation of basic glove chemical resistance terms and Fick's first law of diffusion, the details of the major permeation standards, their comparison, their critique, their research gaps; the scientific literature on whole glove permeation, and final conclusions. The major recommendation was to harmonize all the permeation standards and perform them at realistic work conditions, especially temperature. The whole glove system would be most useful for testing the thinnest gloves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Banaee
- Old Dominion University, College of Health Sciences, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Shane S. Que Hee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and UCLA Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knox ST, Wright A, Cameron C, Fairclough JPA. Well-Defined Networks from DGEBF-The Importance of Regioisomerism in Epoxy Resin Networks. Macromolecules 2019; 52:6861-6867. [PMID: 32051651 PMCID: PMC7007253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
previously ignored or unreported
impact of regiosomerism within diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF)
on its network properties is presented. Routes to the isomers of DGEBF
were explored: high-performance liquid chromatography showed good
separation of the three isomers [para–para-DGEBF (ppDGEBF), para–ortho-DGEBF (poDGEBF), and ortho–ortho-DGEBF (ooDGEBF)] with small yields; column chromatography
gave good separation of pp- + po- from oo-DGEBF but pp-/po- separation
was not achieved. Synthesis was optimized to crude yields of 76% for
pp-; 87% for po-, and 86% for oo-. Subsequently, crosslinked networks
were prepared with meta-xylylenediamine. With increasing
ortho content, degradation of chemical resistance and an inherent
weakening of the network was observed, that is, glass transition temperature
(Tg), beta transition temperature (Tβ), density, crosslink density, and the
desorption diffusion coefficient decreased, whereas sorption diffusion
coefficient and ultimate solvent uptake increased. This clearly shows
that a subtle chemical structure change can significantly impact network
performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Knox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4BJ, U.K
| | - Anthony Wright
- AkzoNobel, International Paint Limited, Stoneygate Lane, Gateshead NE10 0JY, U.K
| | - Colin Cameron
- AkzoNobel, International Paint Limited, Stoneygate Lane, Gateshead NE10 0JY, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kragt AJ, Zuurbier NCM, Broer DJ, Schenning AP. Temperature-Responsive, Multicolor-Changing Photonic Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28172-28179. [PMID: 31290319 PMCID: PMC6689893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A new principle is developed to fabricate temperature-responsive, multicolor photonic coatings that are capable of switching color. The coating is composed of a non-cross-linked liquid crystal siloxane-based elastomer that is interpenetrated through an acrylate-based liquid crystal network. Discrete temperature changes induce phase separation and mixing between the siloxane and the acrylate polymers and change the reflective colors correspondingly. The temperature-responsive color change of the coatings can be programmed by the processing conditions and coating formulation, which allows for the fabrication of photopatterned multicolor images. The photonic ink can be coated on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) films using roll-to-roll flexographic printing, making these temperature-responsive, multicolor-changing polymers appealing for applications such as responsive color decors, optical sensors, and anticounterfeit labels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustinus
J. J. Kragt
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia C. M. Zuurbier
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P.H.J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uskoković V. Mechanism of formation governs the mechanism of release of antibiotics from calcium phosphate nanopowders and cements in a drug-dependent manner. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:3982-3992. [PMID: 31681475 PMCID: PMC6824273 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of drug release from hydroxyapatite (HAp) cements could be tuned by controlling the kinetics of crystallization of their HAp precursor powders during synthesis. Here it is shown that this history of formation affects not only the kinetics, but also the mechanism of release. Cements composed of two HAp powders precipitated under different conditions, one (HAp2) taking twice longer to transform from the amorphous to the crystalline state than the other (HAp1), were mixed at different ratios to tune their drug release kinetics and tested for the release mechanism in conjunction with compositional and microstructural analyses. While the cement component converting to the amorphous phase during gelation (HAp2) exhibited a faster, but also more anomalous, non-Fickian mechanism of release of vancomycin, the cement component retaining its crystalline state all throughout gelation, setting and hardening (HAp1) stabilized at the ideal, Fickian diffusion case corresponding to the Korsmeyer-Peppas exponent value of 0.45 ± 0.02. This effect got reversed for the other antibiotic studied as a drug, ciprofloxacin, in which case HAp2 exhibited the ideal, Fickian diffusion with n = 0.45 ± 0.02 and the increase in the content of the cement component retaining its crystallinity during gelation, setting and hardening (HAp1) steadily shifted the mechanism of release to more anomalous, non-Fickian types. This has indicated that the molecular structure of the drug is an essential determinant of the mechanism of release and that the design of a carrier for a universally tunable release of drugs based on the passive transport is likely impossible. Preliminary assays involving the addition of chitosan or gelatin as polymeric components to HAp led to the inclusion of swelling and erosion as additional effects by which the drug escapes the carrier and shifted the release toward less diffusional and more multimodal mechanisms. With regard to the microstructural and compositional effects governing the release mechanism and kinetics, the retention of a finite concentration of slit-like pores of the amorphous precursor in HAp2 and its lower surface energy and lesser drug binding potential in the gelled, amorphous state, but also its possibly less stable and more diffusive particle surface and higher structural water content were elaborated as potential reasons explaining the distinct rates and mechanisms of release from the two HAp powders with different histories of formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cao A, van Raak RJH, Broer DJ. Light-regulated molecular diffusion in a liquid crystal network. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4737-4742. [PMID: 31140536 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photo-responsive liquid crystal polymer networks offer promising means to generate useful functional devices, but many of them focus on their mechanical response so as to generate surface features or shape change. Here, we investigate the photomechanical effect of the polymer network for molecular transport purposes. Dual wavelength illumination of an azobenzene-functionalized cholesteric liquid crystal polymer film produces excess free volume within the film, which results in an accelerated molecular diffusion through the film. Moreover, the polarization of the UV light exposure on the cholesteric network plays an important role in a remarkable enhancement of molecular diffusion. When linearly polarized UV light rotates along with the twist of the helical axis of the cholesteric polymer, excess free volume forms sequentially from the diffusion network toward the dry network in the polymer. It works in concert with the concentration gradient of the diffusant and greatly improves the diffusion through the film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cao
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel J H van Raak
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands and SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Devices Intergrated Responsive Materials, South China Normal University, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Björklund S, Kocherbitov V. Water vapor sorption-desorption hysteresis in glassy surface films of mucins investigated by humidity scanning QCM-D. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
22
|
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of manufacturing processes used in the development of cellular silicone for a wide variety of applications. The combination of intrinsic properties of silicone and foam is considered as an attractive solution in many applications. With regard to the long-standing interest of the industry in silicone chemistry, foaming is very common from hydrosilylation/condensation reactions. This well-known technology leads to homogeneous, elastic, low density and biocompatible foams. However, the size of the cells remains large, the reactions are sensitive to humidity and the dangerousness of the hydrogen could be an industrial concern. Many researches are moving towards alternatives to the manufacture of silicone cellular materials such as gas foaming, phase separation, emulsion and sacrificial models, and syntactic charges. In addition, the theories of sorption, diffusion, nucleation and cell growth are detailed to explain the formation of gaseous foam. CO2 is commonly used to physically foam silicone because of its good solubility. However, the diffusive behavior of CO2 is high in silicone as explained by the free volume theory. Silicone–CO2 foaming is essentially triggered by rapid depressurization leading to a cell density around 1 × 109 cells/cm3 in the best case. In addition, templated foams are divided into emulsion polymerization (polyHIPE), sacrificial foams and syntactic foams. These methods are simple because they do not need specific foaming equipments. Pore sizes are also tunable as function of template sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Métivier
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Cassagnau
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baij L, Hermans JJ, Keune K, Iedema PD. Time-Dependent ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Solvent Diffusion and Film Swelling in Oil Paint Model Systems. Macromolecules 2018; 51:7134-7144. [PMID: 30270940 PMCID: PMC6158679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the restoration of paintings, solvent diffusion and swelling of polymeric oil paint binding media are important factors to consider. Common cleaning methods with organic solvents or aqueous solutions could lead to undesirable physicochemical changes in the paint in the long term, though the extent of this effect is not yet clear. We used tailored nonporous model systems for aged oil paint to measure paint swelling and solvent diffusion for a wide range of relevant solvents. Using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the glass transition temperature of our model systems was found to be close to room temperature. Subsequently, with a custom sample cell and time-dependent attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, we were able to accurately track swelling and diffusion processes in the polymer films. To quantify the spectroscopic data, we developed a model that completely describes the solvent migration process, including significant film swelling and non-Fickian solvent diffusion. The relation between solvent properties, the diffusion coefficient, and the swelling capacity proved to be rather complex and could not be explained using a single solvent parameter. However, it was found that strongly swelling solvents generally diffuse faster than weakly swelling solvents and that pigmentation does not significantly influence solvent diffusion. These results contribute to a better understanding of transport phenomena in paintings and support the development of improved paint restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Baij
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen J. Hermans
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Keune
- Conservation
and Restoration, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, PO Box 74888, 1070DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet D. Iedema
- Van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Comparison of water vapour transmission rates of monolayer films determined by water vapour sorption and permeation experiments. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Bas S, Kramer M, Stopar D. Biofilm Surface Density Determines Biocide Effectiveness. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2443. [PMID: 29276508 PMCID: PMC5727120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High resistance of biofilms for chemical challenges is a serious industrial and medical problem. In this work a gradient of surface covered with biofilm has been produced and correlated to the effectiveness of different commercially available oxidative biocides. The results for thin Escherichia coli biofilms grown in rich media supplemented with glucose or lactose on glass or poly methyl methacrylate surfaces indicate that the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compounds is inversely proportional to the fraction of the surface covered with the biofilm. In areas where biofilm covered more than 90% of the available surface the biocide treatment was inefficient after 60 min of incubation. The combined effect of oxidant and surfactant increased the effectiveness of the biocide. On the other hand, the increased biofilm viscoelasticity reduced biocide effectiveness. The results emphasize differential biocide effectiveness depending on the fraction of the attached bacterial cells. The results suggest that biofilm biocide resistance is an acquired property that increases with biofilm maturation. The more dense sessile structures present lower log reductions compared to less dense ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - David Stopar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Simeonov M, Monova A, Kostova B, Vassileva E. Drug transport in stimuli responsive acrylic and methacrylic interpenetrating polymer networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Simeonov
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sofia; Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Antonia Monova
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sofia; Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Kostova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Sofia; 2, Sofia 1000 Bulgaria
| | - Elena Vassileva
- Laboratory on Structure and Properties of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy; University of Sofia; Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Panyoyai N, Shanks RA, Kasapis S. Tocopheryl acetate release from microcapsules of waxy maize starch. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Elazab A, Bai H, Abdulazeem YM, Abdelhamid T, Zhou S, Wong KKL, Hu Q. Post-Surgery Glioma Growth Modeling from Magnetic Resonance Images for Patients with Treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1222. [PMID: 28450707 PMCID: PMC5430870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reaction diffusion is the most common growth modelling methodology due to its simplicity and consistency with the biological tumor growth process. However, current extensions of the reaction diffusion model lack one or more of the following: efficient inclusion of treatments' effects, taking into account the viscoelasticity of brain tissues, and guaranteed stability of the numerical solution. We propose a new model to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Guided by directional information derived from diffusion tensor imaging, our model relates tissue heterogeneity with the absorption of the chemotherapy, adopts the linear-quadratic term to simulate the radiotherapy effect, employs Maxwell-Weichert model to incorporate brain viscoelasticity, and ensures the stability of the numerical solution. The performance is verified through experiments on synthetic and real MR images. Experiments on 9 MR datasets of patients with low grade gliomas undergoing surgery with different treatment regimens are carried out and validated using Jaccard score and Dice coefficient. The growth simulation accuracies of the proposed model are in ranges of [0.673 0.822] and [0.805 0.902] for Jaccard scores and Dice coefficients, respectively. The accuracies decrease up to 4% and 2.4% when ignoring treatment effects and the tensor information, while brain viscoelasticity has no significant impact on the accuracies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elazab
- Research Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Digital Surgery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
- Department of Computer Science, Misr Higher Institute for commerce and computers, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Hongmin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yousry M Abdulazeem
- Department of Computer Engineering, Misr Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Talaat Abdelhamid
- Department of Physics and Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufiya University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | - Sijie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kelvin K L Wong
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qingmao Hu
- Research Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Digital Surgery, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Chang TM, Xantheas SS, Vasdekis AE. Mesoscale Polymer Dissolution Probed by Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10581-10587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Mei Chang
- University of Wisconsin—Parkside, P.O. Box
2000, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, United States
| | - Sotiris S. Xantheas
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andreas E. Vasdekis
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lungare S, Bowen J, Badhan R. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Intranasal Spray for the Delivery of Amantadine. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1209-20. [PMID: 26886345 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and characterize an intranasal delivery system for amantadine hydrochloride (AMT). Optimal formulations consisted of a thermosensitive polymer Pluronic® 127 and either carboxymethyl cellulose or chitosan which demonstrated gel transition at nasal cavity temperatures (34 ± 1°C). Rheologically, the loss tangent (Tan δ) confirmed a 3-stage gelation phenomena at 34 ± 1°C and non-Newtonian behavior. Storage of optimized formulation carboxymethyl cellulose and optimal formulation chitosan at 4°C for 8 weeks resulted in repeatable release profiles at 34°C when sampled, with a Fickian mechanism earlier on but moving toward anomalous transport by week 8. Polymers (Pluronic® 127, carboxymethyl cellulose, and chitosan) demonstrated no significant cellular toxicity to human nasal epithelial cells up to 4 mg/mL and up to 1 mM for AMT (IC50: 4.5 ± 0.05 mM). Optimized formulation carboxymethyl cellulose and optimal formulation chitosan demonstrated slower release across an in vitro human nasal airway model (43%-44% vs 79 ± 4.58% for AMT). Using a human nasal cast model, deposition into the olfactory regions (potential nose-to-brain) was demonstrated on nozzle insertion (5 mm), whereas tilting of the head forward (15°) resulted in greater deposition in the bulk of the nasal cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shital Lungare
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Bowen
- Department of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raj Badhan
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sergeeva AS, Gorin DA, Volodkin DV. In-situ assembly of Ca-alginate gels with controlled pore loading/release capability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10813-10821. [PMID: 26345198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of tailor-made porous polymer scaffolds acting as a temporary tissue-construct for cellular organization is of primary importance for tissue engineering applications. Control over the gel porosity is a critical issue due to the need for cells to proliferate and migrate and to ensure the transport of nutrition and metabolites. Gel loading with bioactive molecules is desired for target release of soluble signals to guide cell function. Calcium-alginate hydrogels are one of the most popular gels successfully utilized as polymer scaffolds. Here we propose a benchtop approach to design porous alginate gels by dispersion of CaCO3 vaterite crystals in sodium alginate followed by the crystal elimination. CaCO3 crystals play a triple role being (i) cross-linkers (a source of calcium ions to cross-link gel network), (ii) pore-makers (leaching of crystals retains the empty pores), and (iii) reservoirs with (bio)molecules (by molecule preloading into the crystals). Pore dimensions, interconnectivity, and density can be adjusted by choosing the size, concentration, and packing of the sacrificial CaCO3 crystals. An opportunity to load the pores with biomolecules was demonstrated using FITC-labeled dextrans of different molecular masses from 10 to 500 kDa. The dextrans were preloaded into CaCO3 vaterite crystals, and the subsequent crystal removal resulted in encapsulation of dextrans inside the pores of the gel. The dextran release rate from the gel pores depends on the equilibration of the gel structure as concluded by comparing dextran release kinetics during gelation (fast) and dextran diffusion into the performed gel (slower). Macromolecule binding to the gel is electrostatically driven as found for lysozyme and insulin. The application of porous gels as scaffolds potentially offering biomacromolecule encapsulation/release performance might be useful for alginate gel-based applications such as tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Sergeeva
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (Fraunhofer IZI), Am Muehlenberg 13, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 81, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 81, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Volodkin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (Fraunhofer IZI), Am Muehlenberg 13, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskiye gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gervasio M, Lu K, Davis R. Experimental and Modeling Study of Solvent Diffusion in PDMS for Nanoparticle-Polymer Cosuspension Imprint Lithography. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9809-9816. [PMID: 26299401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first that focuses on solvent migration in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp during the imprint lithography of ZnO-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid suspensions. Using suspensions with varying solids loading levels and ZnO/PMMA ratios, the uptake of the anisole solvent in the stamp is evaluated as a function of time. Laser confocal microscopy is employed as a unique technique to measure the penetration depth of the solvent into the stamp. The suspension solids loading affects the anisole saturation depth in the PDMS stamp. For the suspensions with low solids loading, the experimental data agree with the model for non-Fickian diffusion through a rubbery-elastic polymer. For the suspensions with high solids loading, the data agree more with a sigmoidal diffusion curve, reflecting the rubbery-viscous behavior of a swelling polymer. This difference is due to the degree of swelling in the PDMS. Higher solids loadings induce more swelling because the rate of anisole diffusing into the stamp is increased, likely due to the less dense buildup of the solids as the suspension dries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gervasio
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kathy Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Richey Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen MJ, Cheng LH, Tseng TP, Huang YS, Lin CH, Lai CH. Modelling the transport of toluene liquid in protective polymer gloves using a fluorescent dye-tracing technique. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Mathematical modeling of efficient protocols to control glioma growth. Math Biosci 2014; 255:83-90. [PMID: 25057777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a mathematical model to describe the evolution of glioma cells taking into account the viscoelastic properties of brain tissue. The mathematical model is established considering that the glioma cells are of two phenotypes: migratory and proliferative. The evolution of the migratory cells is described by a diffusion-reaction equation of non Fickian type deduced considering a mass conservation law with a non Fickian migratory mass flux. The evolution of the proliferative cells is described by a reaction equation. A stability analysis that leads to the design of efficient protocols is presented. Numerical simulations that illustrate the behavior of the mathematical model are included.
Collapse
|
36
|
Witono J, Noordergraaf I, Heeres H, Janssen L. Water absorption, retention and the swelling characteristics of cassava starch grafted with polyacrylic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 103:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Moghadam MM, Rickman JM. Hybrid atomistic simulation of fluid uptake in a deformable solid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:012305. [PMID: 24580225 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluid imbibition via diffusion in a deformable solid results in solid stresses that may, in turn, alter subsequent fluid uptake. To examine this interplay between diffusional and elastic fields, we employed a hybrid Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics scheme to model the coupling of a fluid reservoir to a deformable solid, and then simulated the resulting fluid permeation into the solid. By monitoring the instantaneous structure factor and solid dimensions, we were able to determine the compositional strain associated with imbibition, and the diffusion coefficient in the Fickian regime was obtained from the time dependence of the fluid uptake. Finally, for large, mobile fluid atoms, a non-Fickian regime was highlighted and possible mechanisms for this behavior were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar M Moghadam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - J M Rickman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Holder SJ, Woodward G, McKenzie B, Sommerdijk NAJM. Semi-crystalline block copolymer bicontinuous nanospheres for thermoresponsive controlled release. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04547e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the controlled release of pyrene, as a model hydrophobic molecule, from self-assembled bicontinuous nanospheres formed from an amphiphilic block copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen Woodward
- Functional Materials Group
- University of Kent
- Canterbury, UK
| | - Beulah McKenzie
- Functional Materials Group
- University of Kent
- Canterbury, UK
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter Cryo-TEM Research Unit
- Eindhoven University of Technology
| | - Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter Cryo-TEM Research Unit
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Assaleh FH, Katakam P, Botcha R, Chandu BR, Adiki SK. Synthesis and characterisation of starch tartrate and its application as novel disintegrant in telmisartan tablets. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramesh Botcha
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy; Guntur; Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gallyamov MO. Sharp diffusion front in diffusion problem with change of state. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2013; 36:92. [PMID: 23989756 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2013-13092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alternative model of diffusion in polymers, which may explain formation of propagating sharp diffusion fronts to be observed in some experiments. Differently from typical Case II or Stefan problem models, plasticisation of the polymer matrix is not necessarily required. Instead, diffusing small molecules are assumed to be captured by some specific sites of the polymer matrix for certain retention times. For example, they may become adsorbed at the surface of the holes and microvoids that are considered to be present in glassy polymer regions according to the well-known dual-sorption model and are attributed to excess free volume frozen into the glassy matrix. On the other hand, the small molecules may become bound to polymer chains. In this adsorbed/bound state they have much smaller movability and thus are effectively excluded from the diffusion. This adsorption/binding is considered to be a reversible process of state changing, but with asymmetric probabilities for direct and reverse events. With this assumption, taking into account that the amount of space available for such immobilised molecules is limited (limited free volume, limited number of anchoring sites) the model naturally results in the formation of sharp diffusion fronts or strong concentration gradients. Such a diffusion front is a region of effective immobilisation (adsorption/binding, though reversible) of the free diffusing molecules. For the simplest prescribed boundary conditions the diffusion front propagates linearly with the square root of time. By means of imposing generalised boundary conditions, it is possible to model other regimes of propagation of the diffusion front, including constant velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marat O Gallyamov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
van Rooyen L, Karger-Kocsis J, Vorster O, Kock L. Helium gas permeability reduction of epoxy composite coatings by incorporation of glass flakes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
42
|
Tian B, Kaufman PL. A Potential Application of Canaloplasty in Glaucoma Gene Therapy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2013; 2. [PMID: 23888250 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.2.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canaloplasty, a recently developed non-penetrating glaucoma surgical approach, may restore physiological outflow routes in primary open-angle glaucoma with less risk of severe postoperative complications than trabeculectomy. Since the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) is directly in contact with the trabecular meshwork (TM) for 360 degrees and the catheter device used in canaloplasty allows viscoelastic to be injected into the entire length of SC, canaloplasty might also be used to perform SC/TM-targeted delivery of transgene vectors for glaucoma gene therapy. This hypothesized new method for transgene delivery may give the transgene access to the entire inner wall of SC and the whole juxtacanalicular region of the TM and allow the transgene to be expressed in both the TM and SC without affecting the cornea, iris and ciliary body. Further, this strategy might have a greater trabecular outflow resistance-decreasing effect than either the genetic or surgical approach alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baohe Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Blanco A, González G, Casanova E, Pirela ME, Briceño A. Mathematical Modeling of Hydrogels Swelling Based on the Finite Element Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/am.2013.48a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Simpson R, Jaques A, Nuñez H, Ramirez C, Almonacid A. Fractional Calculus as a Mathematical Tool to Improve the Modeling of Mass Transfer Phenomena in Food Processing. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-012-9059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Cheng LH, Chen MJ, Cheng WH, Lin CH, Lai CH. Mass transfer of toluene vapor through protective polymer gloves. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Tran JQ, Ceballos DM, Dills RL, Yost MG, Morgan MS. Transport of a solvent mixture across two glove materials when applied in a paint matrix. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 63:169-176. [PMID: 22434453 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The transport of mixed paint solvents through natural rubber latex (4 mil) and nitrile rubber (5 mil) gloves was evaluated after spray application of the paint formulation directly on the glove surface. Glove materials and thicknesses were those selected by the majority of spray painters in the local automobile repair industry. A flat panel containing glove specimens mounted in multiple permeation cells permitted evaporation of solvents from the applied paint and incorporated a solid sorbent receiving medium for measuring glove membrane transport. The panel was sprayed in a paint booth to simulate use conditions. Charcoal cloth under the glove adsorbed transported solvents, which were quantified by gas chromatography. For each solvent component, results were expressed as mass transported through the glove relative to the mass applied, per unit area, during 30 min after spray application. The paint formulation contained ketones, acetates, and aromatics. Natural rubber latex allowed 6-10 times the transport of solvents relative to nitrile rubber for all eight solvent components: methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, styrene, ethyl benzene, xylene isomers, and 2-heptanone. m-Xylene showed the largest difference in transport between the two glove materials. This solvent also had the highest transport for each material. The results indicate that nitrile rubber gloves offer somewhat greater chemical resistance to all eight solvents studied compared with natural rubber latex gloves, regardless of the chemical properties of the individual solvent components. However, it must be emphasized that neither of the glove materials, in the thicknesses used in this study, provide adequate protection when exposed by direct spray painting. Simulation of realistic spray conditions may offer a source of useful information on the performance of chemical protective gloves because it accounts for solvent evaporation and the effect of paint polymerization after application on glove transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackelin Q Tran
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7234, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deng W, Jeng DS, Toorop PE, Squire GR, Iannetta PPM. A mathematical model of mucilage expansion in myxospermous seeds of Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:419-27. [PMID: 22112439 PMCID: PMC3268541 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myxospermy is a term which describes the ability of a seed to produce mucilage upon hydration. The mucilage is mainly comprised of plant cell-wall polysaccharides which are deposited during development of those cells that comprise the seed coat (testa). Myxospermy is more prevalent among those plant species adapted to surviving on arid sandy soils, though its significance in determining the ecological fitness of plants is unclear. In this study, the first mathematical model of myxospermous seed mucilage expansion is presented based on seeds of the model plant species Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse). METHODS The structures underpinning the expansion process were described using light, electron and time-lapse confocal micrographs. The data and experimental observations were used to create a mathematical model of myxospermous seed mucilage expansion based on diffusion equations. KEY RESULTS The mucilage expansion was rapid, taking 5 s, during which the cell mucilage volume increased 75-fold. At the level of the seed, this represented a 6-fold increase in seed volume and a 2·5-fold increase in seed surface area. These increases were shown to be a function of water uptake (16 g water g(-1) mucilage dry weight), and relaxation of the polymers which comprised the mucilage. In addition, the osmotic pressure of the seed mucilage, estimated by assessing the mucilage expansion of seeds hydrated in solutions of varying osmotic pressure, was -0·54 MPa (equivalent to 0·11 M or 6·6 g L(-1) NaCl). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the mucilage may be characterized as hydrogel and seed-mucilage expansion may be modelled using the diffusion equation described. The potential of myxospermous seeds to affect the ecological services provided by soil is discussed briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenni Deng
- Division of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu S, Jiang M, Ye S, Xu X, Lu P, Dong J. Biodegradable poly(glycerin citrate) and its application to controlled release of theophylline. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
49
|
Hölck O, Heuchel M, Böhning M, Hofmann D. Simulation of experimentally observed dilation phenomena during integral gas sorption in glassy polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|