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Mohseni GK, Mohammadi S, Aghakhaninejad Z, Tajadod S, Abbasi K, Askarpour SA, Salimi Z, Shafaei Kachaei H, Rajabi Harsini A, Alami F, Bagheri SE, Mosavi Jarrahi SA, Gohari A, Khoshdooz S, Doaei S, Kooshki A, Gholamalizadeh M. Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a PERSIAN cohort-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:588. [PMID: 38036988 PMCID: PMC10688106 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of death worldwide. Data on the effect of eggs consumption on the risk of CVDs are still unreliable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between CVDs and the consumption of eggs. METHODS In this case-control study, the required data were extracted from the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) cohort in Sabzevar, Iran. A total of 4241 adults participated including 1535 patients with CVDs as the case group and 2706 healthy people as controls. Egg consumption was assessed using a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS A significant association was observed between eggs consumption and stroke after adjustment for physical activity, body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), using alcohol, lipid profile, diabetes, and the intake of energy, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and cholestrol (OR:1.007, 95% CI:1.001-1.013, P = 0.03). No association was found between egg consumption with hypertension, cardiac ischemia, and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between the consumption of eggs and stroke. However, more studies are needed to examine the effect of eggs on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Aghakhaninejad
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Askarpour
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei Kachaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Asma Rajabi Harsini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Alami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Gohari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sara Khoshdooz
- Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Nutrition & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among university students from 24 countries. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:857-866. [PMID: 34918087 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the increase. The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of NCDs among university students from 24 countries. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the sample included 18 017 university students from countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia. RESULTS indicate that prevalence of single behavioural NCD risk indicators were 38.2% for physical inactivity, 80.5% for inadequate fruit and vegetables intake, 23.1% for having overweight/obesity, 10.5% for heavy alcohol use and 11.8% for current tobacco use. Students had on average 1.6 (SD = 0.9), and 15.9% had three or more behavioural NCD risk factors. In adjusted linear regression, male sex was positively and stronger beliefs in health benefits were negatively associated with multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered. Several behavioural NCD risk factors, such as male sex and low health behaviour benefits beliefs, were found that could be utilized in targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Adamowicz K, Mazur A, Mak M, Samochowiec J, Kucharska-Mazur J. Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Functions in Schizophrenia-Implementation of Dietary Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 32425834 PMCID: PMC7203414 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The co-existence of schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome is a widely described phenomenon that contributes to the worse functioning of patients in everyday life. A relatively new area of research is the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between the presence of metabolic syndrome and cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia and to assess the possibility of changing cognitive function by introducing appropriate dietary intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 87 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria, aged 19 to 67 years (M = 41.67; SD = 11.87). Patients were in the remission phase of schizophrenia, all using antipsychotics for pharmacological treatment. From a group of 83 patients with schizophrenia and diagnosed metabolic syndrome (according to IDF criteria) 30 patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group-with dietary intervention, 29 patients-to group without dietary intervention, 24 patients with schizophrenia without metabolic syndrome was a comparison group. All groups were evaluated for cognitive function using Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span Backwards Test. In the experimental group a dietary intervention was applied, which was to provide the examined person with a 7-day dietary plan with reduced calorie content, in compliance with the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS After the dietary intervention there was a significant improvement in the number of errors made in the third Stroop Test (p <0.001), the time taken to complete the Point Linking Test was shortened (Test B; p = 0.005), there was an improvement in Verbal Fluency Test in "animals" category (p = 0.006) "sharp objects" category (p = 0.009), the number of repeated digits has increased in Digit Span Test in "forward" category (p = 0.001) and overall completion of the test (p = 0.021). In the group of patients with MS without dietary intervention, the results of cognitive tests remained mostly unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Change of eating habits may be a significant element of a holistic approach to the problems of treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamowicz
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mazur
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Mak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Prevalence, risk awareness and health beliefs of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular disease among university students in nine ASEAN countries. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:237. [PMID: 29433473 PMCID: PMC5810026 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding behavioural risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of great importance for CVD prevention and control. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, risk awareness and health beliefs of behavioural risk factors of cardiovascular disease among university students in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states. Methods In a cross-sectional survey 8806 (37.5% male and 62.5% female) university students (Mean age 20.6, SD = 2.0) from nine ASEAN countries responded to an anonymous questionnaire. Results Results indicate that across all nine countries, among men and women, 27.5% and 16.9%, respectively, were overweight or obese, 39.0% and 53.0% engaged in low physical activity, 6.9% and 2.5% were current tobacco users, 10.1% and 4.2% had engaged in binge drinking in the past month and 62.7% and 58.2%, respectively, did not avoid eating fat and cholesterol. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health status and health benefits, poor risk awareness was associated with tobacco use and binge drinking, and after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, health status and risk awareness, poorer health benefits beliefs predicted overweight, low physical activity, tobacco use, binge drinking and non-avoidance of fat and cholesterol. Conclusion The study found a high prevalence of behavioural risk factors of CVD. Results may inform health promotion strategies among university students in ASEAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand.,Department of Research Development and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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Zeidan RK, Farah R, Chahine MN, Asmar R, Hosseini H, Salameh P, Pathak A. Prevalence and correlates of coronary heart disease: first population-based study in Lebanon. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2016; 12:75-84. [PMID: 27051290 PMCID: PMC4803334 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s97252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lebanon is experiencing a growing epidemic of coronary heart diseases (CHDs), as most low- and middle-income countries currently are. However, this growth can be attenuated if effective preventive strategies are adopted. Purpose To provide the first national population-based prevalence of CHD and to describe the profile of Lebanese adults with prevalent CHD. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster sample across Lebanon. We interviewed residents aged 40 years and older using a questionnaire that captured the presence of CHDs and their risk factors (RFs). Results Our study showed that 13.4% of the Lebanese population aged ≥40 years suffer from a prevalent CHD. CHD seemed to appear more prematurely than in developed countries, and males seemed to be more subject to CHD than females until a certain age. CHD was associated with older age, male sex, a lower economic situation, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, having a family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, and suffering from diabetes. However, smoking and waist circumference did not seem to have an independent effect on CHD, but rather an effect mediated by biological RFs. Conclusion This is the first nationwide endeavor conducted in Lebanon to assess the prevalence of CHD. This study also confirms the relevance of the classic RFs of CHD and their applicability to the Lebanese population, thus allowing for prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Doctoral School of Biology Health and Biotechnologies, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Rita Farah
- Doctoral School of Life and Health Sciences, Paris-Est University, Creteil, France
| | - Mirna N Chahine
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Asmar
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, France; EA 4391, Nerve Excitability and Therapeutics, Université Paris-Est, Creteil, France
| | - Pascale Salameh
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiology Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Atul Pathak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hypertension, Risk Factors and Heart Failure Unit, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Despite the revolutionary advancements in the past 3 decades in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias with device-based therapy, sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains an enormous public health burden. Survivors of SCD are generally at high risk for recurrent events. The clinical management of such patients requires a multidisciplinary approach from postresuscitative care to a thorough cardiovascular investigation in an attempt to identify the underlying substrate, with potential to eliminate or modify the triggers through catheter ablation and ultimately an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for prompt treatment of recurrences in those at risk. Early recognition of low left ventricular ejection fraction as a strong predictor of death and association of ventricular arrhythmias with sudden death led to significant investigation with antiarrhythmic drugs. The lack of efficacy and the proarrhythmic effects of drugs catalyzed the development and investigation of the ICD through several major clinical trials that proved the efficacy of ICD as a bedrock tool to detect and promptly treat life-threatening arrhythmias. The ICD therapy is routinely used for primary prevention of SCD in patients with cardiomyopathy and high risk inherited arrhythmic conditions and secondary prevention in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest. This compendium will review the clinical management of those surviving SCD and discuss landmark studies of antiarrhythmic drugs, ICD, and cardiac resynchronization therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omair Yousuf
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Jonathan Chrispin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronald D Berger
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Boyer L, Testart J, Michel P, Richieri R, Faget-Agius C, Vanoye V, Auquier P, Lancon C, Guedj E. Neurophysiological correlates of metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a structural equation modeling approach. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 50:95-105. [PMID: 25199983 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the brain functional substrate underlying relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we collected socio-demographic, clinical, anthropometric, blood, and cognition data and performed brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT imaging of cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia. Patients were grouped according to the absence or presence of MetS. Whole-brain perfusion SPECTs were compared at voxel level between these two groups, and voxel-wise interregional correlation was performed to compare functional connectivity (voxel level significance of p<0.005, uncorrected; p<0.05 for the cluster, uncorrected; using SPM8). A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to examine the relationships between brain perfusion, connectivity between brain areas, and cognition. RESULTS Of the 55 patients, 17 had MetS. They performed significantly worse than patients without MetS on tests of executive functions (processing speed p=0.005 for TMT-A; and reactive flexibility p=0.014 for TMT-B), attention (D2 attention task p=0.007), and memory (California Verbal Learning Test p=0.039). In comparison to patients without MetS, those with MetS exhibited significant hypoperfusion within the left orbital prefrontal cortex and greater functional connectivity from this left frontal cluster within the left insula and middle/superior frontal gyrus. SEM confirmed the effect on executive functions of brain hypoperfusion and of increased connectivity, suggesting possible compensatory networks in patients with MetS. CONCLUSION Our study identifies the brain functional impact of MetS on cognition, with orbital prefrontal impairment and possible compensatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Julien Testart
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Michel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Faget-Agius
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Violette Vanoye
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France; Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service Central de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, CERIMED 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, INT, 13005 Marseille, France
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Boyer L, Richieri R, Dassa D, Boucekine M, Fernandez J, Vaillant F, Padovani R, Auquier P, Lancon C. Association of metabolic syndrome and inflammation with neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:381-6. [PMID: 23850204 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationships of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation with neurocognition in schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. We collected socio-demographic information, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and neurocognition measures. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables that are potentially associated with neurocognition. The analyses were repeated using MetS as a dichotomised variable (< and ≥ 3 MetS criteria), a continuous variable (number of MetS criteria present), and for each component of MetS. One hundred and sixty-eight outpatients participated in our study. The prevalence of MetS was 27.4%. An association was found between the number of MetS criteria present and cognitive impairment. Among the different components of MetS, hypertriglycerides and abdominal obesity were the only factors associated with cognitive impairment. Other factors, such as smoking and alcohol dependence or abuse, also revealed a significant relationship, whereas inflammation was not associated with cognitive impairment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MetS, alcohol use and non-smoking status are associated with cognitive impairment. These findings may support complementary therapeutic approaches in cognitive remediation that lessen the severity of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 - Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Chang JC, Yen AMF, Lee CS, Chen SLS, Chiu SYH, Fann JCY, Chen HH. A population-based cohort study to elucidate temporal relationship between schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome (KCIS no. PSY3). Schizophr Res 2013; 151:158-64. [PMID: 24103573 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bidirectional relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and schizophrenia (SCZ) play a crucial role in clinical treatment of both diseases but such bidirectional causal effects have not been comprehensively elucidated. AIMS To investigate the influence of MetS on incident SCZ and the opposite direction as well as their predictors for each direction with a population-based cohort sample. METHOD We enrolled 76,545 subjects who had participated in a community-based health screening program during 1999-2004. After excluding those with the existing MetS or SCZ at baseline, the two normal prospective cohorts corresponding to each independent variable of MetS or SCZ, respectively, were followed over time to ascertain incident outcome of SCZ and MetS. The crude and adjusted hazard ratios for the effect of the predictor on each incident outcome were estimated after controlling for the possible confounding factors. RESULTS The overall incidence rate (per 10(5)person-years) of SCZ was 61.15. The incidence rate in patients with MetS was lower than those without (44.24 versus 64.20), indicating the presence of MetS failed to find an increased risk of developing incident SCZ. However, participants with abnormal waist circumference (WC) were two times (95% CI: 1.37 to 2.93) more likely to yield incident SCZ compared to those with normal WC. In the opposite direction, the incidence of MetS was statistically higher in patients with SCZ than those without SCZ (11.25% vs 7.94%, respectively), suggesting SCZ conferred a higher risk for yielding incident MetS (adjusted hazard ratio=1.89, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.63). CONCLUSIONS After examining the bidirectional causal relationships between SCZ and MetS with the theoretically sound and large population-based prospective cohort study, central obesity, one of the individual components of MetS, was corroborated as an independent predictor for incident SCZ. Patients diagnosed with SCZ were at greater risk of having incident cases of MetS. Such significant temporal bidirectional relationships between SCZ and central obesity suggest a reciprocal interaction exits between SCZ and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Chang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kaikkonen JE, Mikkilä V, Magnussen CG, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Does childhood nutrition influence adult cardiovascular disease risk?--insights from the Young Finns Study. Ann Med 2013; 45:120-8. [PMID: 22494087 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2012.671537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of detailed information about the role of childhood food patterns or on the impact of individual nutrients on adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD). We review here the reports that have investigated these questions in the Young Finns Study with its 3596 subjects at baseline, aged 3 to 18 years. All the participants filled in a food habit questionnaire, and half of them provided a 48-hour dietary recall interview. In adulthood, cardiovascular risk factors as well as structural and functional markers of subclinical atherosclerosis were measured, i.e. carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT), and measurements of arterial elasticity and brachial artery endothelial function. Our data demonstrate that dietary patterns can already be identified in childhood. These patterns remain relatively stable over the life-course and associate with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. For example, a traditional dietary pattern characterized by low intakes of fruits and vegetables was associated with elevated increased adulthood IMT especially in men, whereas a diet with a high intake of vegetables was independently associated with increased arterial elasticity in both genders. Our findings and the current literature suggest that childhood nutrition has a significant role in the progression of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari E Kaikkonen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Are cardiovascular risk factors associated with verbal learning and memory impairment in patients with schizophrenia? A cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2012; 2012:204043. [PMID: 23227310 PMCID: PMC3512211 DOI: 10.1155/2012/204043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships of cardiovascular risk factors with verbal learning and memory in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and Design. cross-sectional study. Inclusion Criteria. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Data Collection. Sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and episodic memory using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Analysis. A multivariate analysis using multiple linear regressions was performed to determine variables that are potentially associated with verbal learning and memory. Results. One hundred and sixty-eight outpatients participated in our study. An association was found between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and memory impairment on measures of verbal learning, and short- and long-term memory. Among the different components of MeTS, hypertriglycerides, abdominal obesity, and low HDL cholesterol were the only factors associated with memory impairment. Alcohol dependence or abuse was associated with a higher rate of forgetting. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MetS and alcohol use may be linked with memory impairment in schizophrenia. These findings provide important insights into the interdependencies of cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive disorders and support novel strategies for treating and preventing cognitive disorders in patients with schizophrenia.
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Chang HS, Kim HJ, Nam CM, Lim SJ, Jang YH, Kim S, Kang HY. The socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2012; 45:291-300. [PMID: 23091654 PMCID: PMC3469811 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.5.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Korea in 2005, using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. METHODS A prevalence-based, top-down, cost-of-treatment method was used to assess the direct and indirect costs of CHD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes of I20-I25), angina pectoris (I20), and myocardial infarction (MI, I21-I23) from a societal perspective. RESULTS Estimated national spending on CHD in 2005 was $2.52 billion. The majority of the spending was attributable to medical costs (53.3%), followed by productivity loss due to morbidity and premature death (33.6%), transportation (8.1%), and informal caregiver costs (4.9%). While medical cost was the predominant cost attribute in treating angina (74.3% of the total cost), premature death was the largest cost attribute for patients with MI (66.9%). Annual per-capita cost of treating MI, excluding premature death cost, was $3183, which is about 2 times higher than the cost for angina ($1556). CONCLUSIONS The total insurance-covered medical cost ($1.13 billion) of CHD accounted for approximately 6.02% of the total annual NHI expenditure. These findings suggest that the current burden of CHD on society is tremendous and that more effective prevention strategies are required in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo-Sun Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Barrows RJ, Krumsdorf U, Zankl A, Katus H, Tiefenbacher CP. Significance of Close Surveillance of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease. Angiology 2008; 60:462-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319708322923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) indicates generalized atherosclerosis but is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Methods. Data were collected from patients with PAD from the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and medication were documented. Results. Atherogenic risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease were highly prevalent. By continuous care at the university clinic, in addition to family medicine treatment, the use of platelet inhibitors, antihypertensives, and lipid-lowering therapy was increased. Ankle—brachial index and walking distance improved. Conclusion. Long-term treatment at the university clinic had positive effects on atherogenic risk factors. The regular use of secondary preventive medication was improved. Still, this patient population remained undertreated and showed a high incidence of vascular event rates and a need for vascular interventions. This study implies the importance of both specialists and general practitioners in the care of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Krumsdorf
- Departments of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Alexandra Zankl
- Departments of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Hugo Katus
- Departments of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
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Smolin B, Klein E, Levy Y, Ben-Shachar D. Major depression as a disorder of serotonin resistance: inference from diabetes mellitus type II. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2007; 10:839-50. [PMID: 17250776 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145707007559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of depression resembles that of other complex disorders such as diabetes mellitus or coronary artery disease. However, while for the latter disorders predisposing and risk factors have been identified, such knowledge is still scarce in depression. In this review we propose to use diabetes mellitus, for which characteristic milestones have been condensed to obesity-hyperinsulinaemia-insulin resistance-diabetes mellitus, as a conceptual analogical model. Based on this model we hypothesize that depression develops according to a similar pattern: prolonged psychological stress-hyperserotonism-serotonin resistance-major depression. We review extensive supporting evidence from human studies and animal models of depression, including stress involvement in the aetiology of depression, evidence for increased synaptic serotonin and decreased 5-HT1A receptor activity. Conceptualizing the pathogenesis of depression as a multi-step process may inspire new concepts, which will eventually lead to delineation of additional preventive and therapeutic interventions similar to those currently practised in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Smolin
- Department of Internal Medicine Rambam Medical Center, B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Prodan CI, Joseph PM, Vincent AS, Dale GL. Coated-platelet levels are influenced by smoking, aspirin, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:2149-51. [PMID: 17883707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maziak W, Rastam S, Mzayek F, Ward KD, Eissenberg T, Keil U. Cardiovascular health among adults in Syria: a model from developing countries. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17:713-20. [PMID: 17553700 PMCID: PMC1994693 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the considerable mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), many developing countries lack reliable surveillance of these ailments and their risk factors to guide intervention. This study aims to provide the first population-based estimates of CVD morbidity and mortality among adults in Aleppo, Syria and the distribution of their risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of adults 18 to 65 years old residing in Aleppo, Syria was carried out in 2004, involving 2038 household representatives (45.2% men; mean age, 35.3 years; response rate, 86%). Main outcomes of interest were physician-diagnosed CVD (infarction, angina, failure, stroke) among survey participants, and past 5-year mortality due to CVD among their household members older than 20 years of age (N = 6252, 49.5% men). Measurement of blood pressure (BP), height and weight, and smoking history were obtained as well. RESULTS Prevalence of CVD was 4.8% for heart disease and 1.0% for stroke. CVD was responsible for 45.0% of overall mortality reported in the past 5 years, whereby 49% of CVD deaths occurred before the age of 65 years. Mean age of death was 62.6 years (63.6 years for heart disease and 61.4 years for stroke). Annual crude death rate due to CVD was 314 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 215-414); of these, 179 were due to heart disease, and 135 due to stroke. More men than women died from heart disease, whereas the opposite was true for stroke. Hypertension was detected in 40.6% (47.7% men, 34.9%women), obesity in 38.2% (28.8% men, 46.4% women), and smoking (cigarettes or waterpipe) in 38.7% (63.6% men, 19.2% women) of participants. Of those surveyed, 39.3% had one CVD risk factor, 27.4% had two risk factors, and 8.3% had 3 risk factors. Main predictors of clustering of risk factors were older age, male gender, and low education. CONCLUSIONS Syria is currently undergoing a stage in which morbidity and mortality from CVD are high but likely to increase based on the population's risk profile. CVD risk distribution in Syrian society highlights the non-generalizability of CVD models from developed societies, and calls for local studies to inform effective interventions and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Maziak
- Department of Health & Sport Sciences, University of Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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Abstract
Stroke has been increasingly recognized as an important and expensive medical and societal problem during the past 10 years. Currently, organized stroke care is delivered to the American population in only a few cities and hospitals that provide an efficient system for rapid transportation, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. The Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) has recently proposed the concepts of stroke centers of excellence (akin to trauma level I centers), primary stroke centers, and comprehensive stroke center. The U.S. government, with the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry and the Stroke Treatment and Ongoing Prevention Act of 2003, further supports these concepts. Herein, a discussion of the influence that the BAC, the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry, and the Stroke Treatment and Ongoing Prevention Acts of 2001 and 2003 will have on the future of stroke therapy in this country during the next 10 years is presented. Also discussed are the elements that are crucial to organized stroke care and the formation of stroke centers of excellence. These include triage and diagnosis in the field, transportation, triage and imaging in the emergency department, prompt transfer to a dedicated stroke unit with focused care, rehabilitation, manpower, prevention and research, reimbursement issues, and politics. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration on the professional and societal levels and, finally, government- and private sector-sponsored research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques E Dion
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Neuroradiology, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Abstract
The distinction between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, the two most common types of dementia, has been undermined by recent advances in epidemiologic, clinical, imaging, and neuropathological studies. Cardiovascular risk factors, traditionally regarded as distinguishing criteria between the two entities, have been shown to be associated with both AD and vascular dementia. In this article, we propose mechanisms of action of cardiovascular risk factors in AD, suggest possible explanations for the overlap with vascular dementia and discuss the implications this might have on future differential diagnosis, research, and treatment strategies.
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Ravona-Springer R, Davidson M, Noy S. Is the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia possible and relevant? DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2003. [PMID: 22033677 PMCID: PMC3181710 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2003.5.1/rravonaspringer] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and neuropathological studies have undermined the clear distinction between vascular and Alzheimer-type dementia, which has characterized the last two decades of research in dementia. A significant degree of overlap between the two entities was demonstrated in terms of clinical expression, risk factors, and postmortem brain autopsy. In this article, we propose mechanisms by which cardiovascular risk factors might affect the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease, suggest possible explanations for the overlap with vascular dementia, and discuss the implications this might have on future differential diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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