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Sharafutdinov I, Friedrich B, Rottner K, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A major cellular target of viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38868928 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Many viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens represent major human and animal health problems due to their great potential of causing infectious diseases. Research on these pathogens has contributed substantially to our current understanding of both microbial virulence determinants and host key factors during infection. Countless studies have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that are employed by these microbes. For example, actin cytoskeletal dynamics play critical roles in effective adhesion, host cell entry, and intracellular movements of intruding pathogens. Cortactin is an eminent host cell protein that stimulates actin polymerization and signal transduction, and recently emerged as fundamental player during host-pathogen crosstalk. Here we review the important role of cortactin as major target for various prominent viral, protozoal and fungal pathogens in humans, and its role in human disease development and cancer progression. Most if not all of these important classes of pathogens have been reported to hijack cortactin during infection through mediating up- or downregulation of cortactin mRNA and protein expression as well as signaling. In particular, pathogen-induced changes in tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status of cortactin at its major phospho-sites (Y-421, Y-470, Y-486, S-113, S-298, S-405, and S-418) are addressed. As has been reported for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, many pathogenic viruses, protozoa, and fungi also control these regulatory phospho-sites, for example, by activating kinases such as Src, PAK, ERK1/2, and PKD, which are known to phosphorylate cortactin. In addition, the recruitment of cortactin and its interaction partners, like the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin, to the contact sites between pathogens and host cells is highlighted, as this plays an important role in the infection process and internalization of several pathogens. However, there are also other ways in which the pathogens can exploit the function of cortactin for their needs, as the cortactin-mediated regulation of cellular processes is complex and involves numerous different interaction partners. Here, the current state of knowledge is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Friedrich
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Sharafutdinov I, Harrer A, Müsken M, Rottner K, Sticht H, Täger C, Naumann M, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S. Cortactin-dependent control of Par1b-regulated epithelial cell polarity in Helicobacter infection. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100161. [PMID: 38646547 PMCID: PMC11033139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell polarity is crucial for gastric mucosal barrier integrity and mainly regulated by polarity-regulating kinase partitioning-defective 1b (Par1b). During infection, the carcinogen Helicobacter pylori hijacks Par1b via the bacterial oncoprotein CagA leading to loss of cell polarity, but the precise molecular mechanism is not fully clear. Here we discovered a novel function of the actin-binding protein cortactin in regulating Par1b, which forms a complex with cortactin and the tight junction protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). We found that serine phosphorylation at S405/418 and the SH3 domain of cortactin are important for its interaction with both Par1b and ZO-1. Cortactin knockout cells displayed disturbed Par1b cellular localization and exhibited morphological abnormalities that largely compromised transepithelial electrical resistance, epithelial cell polarity, and apical microvilli. H. pylori infection promoted cortactin/Par1b/ZO-1 abnormal interactions in the tight junctions in a CagA-dependent manner. Infection of human gastric organoid-derived mucosoids supported these observations. We therefore hypothesize that CagA disrupts gastric epithelial cell polarity by hijacking cortactin, and thus Par1b and ZO-1, suggesting a new signaling pathway for the development of gastric cancer by Helicobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Täger
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Tang MY, Shen X, Yuan RS, Li HY, Li XW, Jing YM, Zhang Y, Shen HH, Wang ZS, Zhou L, Yang YC, Wen HX, Su F. Plexin domain-containing 1 may be a biomarker of poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, may mediate immune evasion. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2091-2112. [PMID: 38764846 PMCID: PMC11099457 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the first time, we investigated the oncological role of plexin domain-containing 1 (PLXDC1), also known as tumor endothelial marker 7 (TEM7), in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIM To investigate the oncological profile of PLXDC1 in HCC. METHODS Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we analyzed the expression of PLXDC1 in HCC. Using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting, we validated our results. The prognostic value of PLXDC1 in HCC was analyzed by assessing its correlation with clinicopathological features, such as patient survival, methylation level, tumor immune microenvironment features, and immune cell surface checkpoint expression. Finally, to assess the immune evasion potential of PLXDC1 in HCC, we used the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) website and immunohistochemical staining assays. RESULTS Based on immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assays, overexpression of PLXDC1 in HCC was associated with poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses indicated that PLXDC1 might be an independent prognostic factor. In HCC patients with high methylation levels, the prognosis was worse than in patients with low methylation levels. Pathway enrichment analysis of HCC tissues indicated that genes upregulated in the high-PLXDC1 subgroup were enriched in mesenchymal and immune activation signaling, and TIDE assessment showed that the risk of immune evasion was significantly higher in the high-PLXDC1 subgroup compared to the low-PLXDC1 subgroup. The high-risk group had a significantly lower immune evasion rate as well as a poor prognosis, and PLXDC1-related risk scores were also associated with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION As a result of this study analyzing PLXDC1 from multiple biological perspectives, it was revealed that it is a biomarker of poor prognosis for HCC patients, and that it plays a role in determining immune evasion status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Run-Sheng Yuan
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong-Hong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Shu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yun-Chuan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - He-Xin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
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Wang X, Kulik K, Wan TC, Lough JW, Auchampach JA. Evidence of Histone H2A.Z Deacetylation and Cardiomyocyte Dedifferentiation in Infarcted/Tip60-depleted Hearts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575312. [PMID: 38260622 PMCID: PMC10802610 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) in the human heart causes death of billions of cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in cardiac dysfunction that is incompatible with life or lifestyle. In order to re-muscularize injured myocardium, replacement CMs must be generated via renewed proliferation of surviving CMs. Approaches designed to induce proliferation of CMs after injury have been insufficient. Toward this end, we are targeting the Tip60 acetyltransferase, based on the rationale that its pleiotropic functions conspire to block the CM cell-cycle at several checkpoints. We previously reported that genetic depletion of Tip60 in a mouse model after MI reduces scarring, retains cardiac function, and activates the CM cell-cycle, although it is unclear whether this culminates in the generation of daughter CMs. For pre-existing CMs in the adult heart to resume proliferation, it is becoming widely accepted that they must first dedifferentiate, a process highlighted by loss of maturity, epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning (EMT), and reversion from fatty acid oxidation to glycolytic metabolism, accompanied by softening of the myocardial extracellular matrix. Findings in hematopoietic stem cells, and more recently in neural progenitor cells, have shown that Tip60 induces and maintains the differentiated state via site-specific acetylation of the histone variant H2A.Z. Here, we report that genetic depletion of Tip60 from naïve or infarcted hearts results in the near-complete absence of acetylated H2A.Z in CM nuclei, and that this is accordingly accompanied by altered gene expressions indicative of EMT induction, ECM softening, decreased fatty acid oxidation, and depressed expression of genes that regulate the TCA cycle. These findings, combined with our previous work, support the notion that because Tip60 has multiple targets that combinatorially maintain the differentiated state and inhibit proliferation, its transient therapeutic targeting to ameliorate the effects of cardiac injury should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Katherine Kulik
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John W. Lough
- Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI 53226
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Sarkar D, Midha P, Shanti SS, Singh SK. A comprehensive review on the decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)-induced male reproductive toxicity: Evidences from rodent studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165938. [PMID: 37541514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), are employed in various manufactured products to prevent fires, slow down their spread and reduce the resulting damages. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), an example of PBDEs, accounts for approximately 82 % of the total production of PBDEs. BDE-209 is a thyroid hormone (TH)-disrupting chemical owing to its structural similarity with TH. Currently, increase in the level of BDE-209 in biological samples has become a major issue because of its widespread use. BDE-209 causes male reproductive toxicity mainly via impairment of steroidogenesis, generation of oxidative stress (OS) and interference with germ cell dynamics. Further, exposure to this chemical can affect metabolic status, sperm concentration, epigenetic regulation of various developmental genes and integrity of blood-testis barrier in murine testis. However, the possible adverse effects of BDE-209 and its mechanism of action on the male reproductive health have not yet been critically evaluated. Hence, the present review article, with the help of available literature, aims to elucidate the reproductive toxicity of BDE-209 in relation to thyroid dysfunction in rodents. Further, several crucial pathways have been also highlighted in order to strengthen our knowledge on BDE-209-induced male reproductive toxicity. Data were extracted from scientific articles available in PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases. A thorough understanding of the risk assessment of BDE-209 exposure and mechanisms of its action is crucial for greater awareness of the potential threat of this BFR to preserve male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Parul Midha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shashanka Sekhar Shanti
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Janev A, Ramuta TŽ, Jerman UD, Obradović H, Kamenšek U, Čemažar M, Kreft ME. Human amniotic membrane inhibits migration and invasion of muscle-invasive bladder cancer urothelial cells by downregulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19227. [PMID: 37932474 PMCID: PMC10628262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most commonly diagnosed cancer with the highest lifetime treatment costs. The human amniotic membrane (hAM) is the innermost foetal membrane that possesses a wide range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Despite the growing number of studies, the mechanisms associated with the anticancer effects of human amniotic membrane (hAM) are poorly understood. Here, we reported that hAM preparations (homogenate and extract) inhibited the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers N-cadherin and MMP-2 in bladder cancer urothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, while increasing the secretion of TIMP-2. Moreover, hAM homogenate exerted its antimigratory effect by downregulating the expression of FAK and proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganisation, such as cortactin and small RhoGTPases. In muscle-invasive cancer urothelial cells, hAM homogenate downregulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, the key cascade involved in promoting bladder cancer. By using normal, non-invasive papilloma and muscle-invasive cancer urothelial models, new perspectives on the anticancer effects of hAM have emerged. The results identify new sites for therapeutic intervention and are prompt encouragement for ongoing anticancer drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Janev
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Taja Železnik Ramuta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Kamenšek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Guo Y, Li S, Tong Z, Tang J, Zhang R, Lv Z, Song N, Yang D, Yao C. Telomerase-Mediated Self-Assembly of DNA Network in Cancer Cells Enabling Mitochondrial Interference. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23859-23873. [PMID: 37857277 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of the artificially induced reactions inside living cells is emerging as an effective strategy for the regulation of cell functions. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the assembly of exogenous molecules into artificial architectures in response to intracellular-specific signals remains a grand challenge. Herein, we achieve the precise self-assembly of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) network inside cancer cells, specifically responding to telomerase, and realize effective mitochondrial interference and the consequent regulation of cellular behaviors. Two functional DNA modules were designed: a mitochondria-targeting branched DNA and a telomerase-responsive linear DNA. Upon uptake by cancer cells, the telomerase primer in linear DNA responded to telomerase, and a strand displacement reaction was triggered by the reverse transcription of telomerase, thus releasing a linker DNA from the linear DNA. The linker DNA afterward hybridized with the branched DNA to form a DNA network on mitochondria. The DNA network interfered with the function of mitochondria, realizing the apoptosis of cancer cells. This system was further administered in a nude mouse tumor model, showing remarkable suppression of tumor growth. We envision that the telomerase-mediated intracellular self-assembly of the DNA network provides a promising route for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhaobin Tong
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Lv
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Nachuan Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Liao G, Wu Y, Wang R, Tang DD. The intermediate filament protein nestin serves as a molecular hub for smooth muscle cytoskeletal signaling. Respir Res 2023; 24:157. [PMID: 37316833 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of the actin-regulatory proteins cortactin and profilin-1 (Pfn-1) to the membrane is important for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal reorganization and smooth muscle contraction. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and the type III intermediate filament protein vimentin are involved in smooth muscle contraction. Regulation of complex cytoskeletal signaling is not entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nestin (a type VI intermediate filament protein) in cytoskeletal signaling in airway smooth muscle. METHODS Nestin expression in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) was knocked down by specific shRNA or siRNA. The effects of nestin knockdown (KD) on the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and contraction were evaluated by cellular and physiological approaches. Moreover, we assessed the effects of non-phosphorylatable nestin mutant on these biological processes. RESULTS Nestin KD reduced the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, and HASM contraction without affecting MLC phosphorylation. Moreover, contractile stimulation enhanced nestin phosphorylation at Thr-315 and the interaction of nestin with Plk1. Nestin KD also diminished phosphorylation of Plk1 and vimentin. The expression of T315A nestin mutant (alanine substitution at Thr-315) reduced the recruitment of cortactin and Pfn-1, actin polymerization, and HASM contraction without affecting MLC phosphorylation. Furthermore, Plk1 KD diminished nestin phosphorylation at this residue. CONCLUSIONS Nestin is an essential macromolecule that regulates actin cytoskeletal signaling via Plk1 in smooth muscle. Plk1 and nestin form an activation loop during contractile stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Chen Q, Xiao M, Dai F, Zhang Y, Li J, Huo Y, Huang Z, Fang Y, Wei T. Mitochondrial elongation factor 4 modulates energy metabolism and promotes breast cancer metastasis by orchestration of mitochondrial translation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 737:109556. [PMID: 36863693 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the requirements of energy and building blocks for rapid proliferation, cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways profoundly, especially in oxygen- and nutrients-deficient tumor microenvironments. However, functional mitochondria and mitochondria-dependent oxidative phosphorylation are still necessary for the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. We show here that mitochondrial elongation factor 4 (mtEF4) is commonly upregulated in breast tumors compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and is relevant to tumor progression and poor prognosis. Down regulation of mtEF4 in breast cancer cells impairs the assembly of mitochondrial respiration complexes, decreases mitochondrial respiration, reduces ATP production, attenuates the formation of lamellipodia, and suppresses cell motility in vitro and cancer metastasis in vivo. On the contrary, upregulation of mtEF4 elevates the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which contributes to the migratory capacities of breast cancer cells. mtEF4 also increases the potential of glycolysis, probably via an AMPK-related mechanism. In summary, we provide direct evidences that the aberrantly upregulated mtEF4 contributes to the metastasis of breast cancer by coordinating metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Dai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanwu Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Taotao Wei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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10
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Gao N, Raduka A, Rezaee F. Respiratory syncytial virus disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by decreasing cortactin and destabilizing F-actin. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259871. [PMID: 35848790 PMCID: PMC9481929 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children worldwide. Our group recently revealed that RSV infection disrupts the airway epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying molecular pathways were still elusive. Here, we report the critical roles of the filamentous actin (F-actin) network and actin-binding protein cortactin in RSV infection. We found that RSV infection causes F-actin depolymerization in 16HBE cells, and that stabilizing the F-actin network in infected cells reverses the epithelial barrier disruption. RSV infection also leads to significantly decreased cortactin in vitro and in vivo. Cortactin-knockout 16HBE cells presented barrier dysfunction, whereas overexpression of cortactin protected the epithelial barrier against RSV. The activity of Rap1 (which has Rap1A and Rap1B forms), one downstream target of cortactin, declined after RSV infection as well as in cortactin-knockout cells. Moreover, activating Rap1 attenuated RSV-induced epithelial barrier disruption. Our study proposes a key mechanism in which RSV disrupts the airway epithelial barrier via attenuating cortactin expression and destabilizing the F-actin network. The identified pathways will provide new targets for therapeutic intervention toward RSV-related disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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11
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Belvitch P, Casanova N, Sun X, Camp SM, Sammani S, Brown ME, Mascarhenas J, Lynn H, Adyshev D, Siegler J, Desai A, Seyed-Saadat L, Rizzo A, Bime C, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Reilly JP, Jones TK, Feng R, Letsiou E, Meyer NJ, Ellis N, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. A cortactin CTTN coding SNP contributes to lung vascular permeability and inflammatory disease severity in African descent subjects. Transl Res 2022; 244:56-74. [PMID: 35181549 PMCID: PMC9119916 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cortactin gene (CTTN), encoding an actin-binding protein critically involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity, contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with severe asthma in Black patients. As loss of lung EC integrity is a major driver of mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, and the acute chest syndrome (ACS), we speculated CTTN SNPs that alter EC barrier function will associate with clinical outcomes from these types of conditions in Black patients. In case-control studies, evaluation of a nonsynonymous CTTN coding SNP Ser484Asn (rs56162978, G/A) in a severe sepsis cohort (725 Black subjects) revealed significant association with increased risk of sepsis mortality. In a separate cohort of sickle cell disease (SCD) subjects with and without ACS (177 SCD Black subjects), significantly increased risk of ACS and increased ACS severity (need for mechanical ventilation) was observed in carriers of the A allele. Human lung EC expressing the cortactin S484N transgene exhibited: (i) delayed EC barrier recovery following thrombin-induced permeability; (ii) reduced levels of critical Tyr486 cortactin phosphorylation; (iii) inhibited binding to the cytoskeletal regulator, nmMLCK; and (iv) attenuated EC barrier-promoting lamellipodia dynamics and biophysical responses. ARDS-challenged Cttn+/- heterozygous mice exhibited increased lung vascular permeability (compared to wild-type mice) which was significantly attenuated by IV delivery of liposomes encargoed with CTTN WT transgene but not by CTTN S484N transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that the CTTN S484N coding SNP contributes to severity of inflammatory injury in Black patients, potentially via delayed vascular barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Joseph Mascarhenas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heather Lynn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Djanybek Adyshev
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jessica Siegler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankit Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Laleh Seyed-Saadat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alicia Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - John P Reilly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleftheria Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Ellis
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Kim HS, Suh JS, Jang YK, Ahn SH, Choi GH, Yang JY, Lim GH, Jung Y, Jiang J, Sun J, Suk M, Wang Y, Kim TJ. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals Piezo1-Induced Ca 2+ Flux Mediates Membrane Ruffling and Cell Survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865056. [PMID: 35646889 PMCID: PMC9136143 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1 induces non-selective cation flux in response to various mechanical stresses. However, the biological interpretation and underlying mechanisms of cells resulting from Piezo1 activation remain elusive. This study elucidates Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx driven by channel activation and cellular behavior using novel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and single-cell imaging analysis. Results reveal that extracellular Ca2+ influx via Piezo1 requires intact caveolin, cholesterol, and cytoskeletal support. Increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels enhance PKA, ERK, Rac1, and ROCK activity, which have the potential to promote cancer cell survival and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx upregulates membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of cancer cell metastasis, using spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the function of Piezo1, suggesting that Piezo1 plays a significant role in the behavior of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Choi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Myungeun Suk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Jin Kim,
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13
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Bandela M, Belvitch P, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4606. [PMID: 35562995 PMCID: PMC9101201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Bandela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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14
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Søreng K, Pankiv S, Bergsmark C, Haugsten EM, Dahl AK, de la Ballina LR, Yamamoto A, Lystad AH, Simonsen A. ALFY localizes to early endosomes and cellular protrusions to facilitate directional cell migration. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259138. [PMID: 35099014 PMCID: PMC8919339 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process underlying physiological and pathological processes such as brain development and cancer metastasis. The autophagy-linked FYVE protein (ALFY; also known as WDFY3), an autophagy adaptor protein known to promote clearance of protein aggregates, has been implicated in brain development and neural migration during cerebral cortical neurogenesis in mice. However, a specific role of ALFY in cell motility and extracellular matrix adhesion during migration has not been investigated. Here, we reveal a novel role for ALFY in the endocytic pathway and in cell migration. We show that ALFY localizes to RAB5- and EEA1-positive early endosomes in a PtdIns(3)P-dependent manner and is highly enriched in cellular protrusions at the leading and lagging edge of migrating cells. We find that cells lacking ALFY have reduced attachment and altered protein levels and glycosylation of integrins, resulting in the inability to form a proper leading edge and loss of directional cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane Søreng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Serhiy Pankiv
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Bergsmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen M. Haugsten
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette K. Dahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura R. de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
| | - Alf H. Lystad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Kim MC, Li R, Abeyaratne R, Kamm RD, Asada HH. A computational modeling of invadopodia protrusion into an extracellular matrix fiber network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1231. [PMID: 35075179 PMCID: PMC8786978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are dynamic actin-rich membrane protrusions that have been implicated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In addition, invasiveness of cancer cells is strongly correlated with invadopodia formation, which are observed during extravasation and colonization of metastatic cancer cells at secondary sites. However, quantitative understanding of the interaction of invadopodia with extracellular matrix (ECM) is lacking, and how invadopodia protrusion speed is associated with the frequency of protrusion-retraction cycles remains unknown. Here, we present a computational framework for the characterization of invadopodia protrusions which allows two way interactions between intracellular branched actin network and ECM fibers network. We have applied this approach to predicting the invasiveness of cancer cells by computationally knocking out actin-crosslinking molecules, such as α-actinin, filamin and fascin. The resulting simulations reveal distinct invadopodia dynamics with cycles of protrusion and retraction. Specifically, we found that (1) increasing accumulation of MT1-MMP at tips of invadopodia as the duration of protrusive phase is increased, and (2) the movement of nucleus toward the leading edge of the cell becomes unstable as duration of the retractile phase (or myosin turnover time) is longer than 1 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kim
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Ran Li
- Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rohan Abeyaratne
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - H Harry Asada
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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16
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Balmik AA, Chinnathambi S. Inter-relationship of Histone Deacetylase-6 with cytoskeletal organization and remodeling. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Cortactin Promotes Effective AGS Cell Scattering by Helicobacter pylori CagA, but Not Cellular Vacuolization and Apoptosis Induced by the Vacuolating Cytotoxin VacA. Pathogens 2021; 11:pathogens11010003. [PMID: 35055951 PMCID: PMC8777890 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is an actin-binding protein and actin-nucleation promoting factor regulating cytoskeletal rearrangements in eukaryotes. Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that exploits cortactin to its own benefit. During infection of gastric epithelial cells, H. pylori hijacks multiple cellular signaling pathways, leading to the disruption of key cell functions. Two bacterial virulence factors play important roles in this scenario, the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA and the translocated effector protein CagA of the cag type IV secretion system (T4SS). Specifically, by overruling the phosphorylation status of cortactin, H. pylori alternates the activity of molecular interaction partners of this important protein, thereby manipulating the performance of cytoskeletal rearrangements, endosomal trafficking and cell movement. Based on shRNA knockdown and other studies, it was previously reported that VacA utilizes cortactin for its cellular uptake, intracellular travel and induction of apoptosis by a mitochondria-dependent mechanism, while CagA induces cell scattering, motility and elongation. To investigate the role of cortactin in these phenotypes in more detail, we produced a complete knockout mutant of cortactin in the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS by CRISPR-Cas9. These cells were infected with H. pylori wild-type or various isogenic mutant strains. Unexpectedly, cortactin deficiency did not prevent the uptake and formation of VacA-dependent vacuoles, nor the induction of apoptosis by internalized VacA, while the induction of T4SS- and CagA-dependent AGS cell movement and elongation were strongly reduced. Thus, we provide evidence that cortactin is required for the function of internalized CagA, but not VacA.
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18
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Cheng KC, Hwang YL, Chiang HC. The double-edged sword effect of HDAC6 in Aβ toxicities. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22072. [PMID: 34907598 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101061r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by cognitive impairment, massive cell death, and reduced life expectancy. Pathologically, accumulated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates and hyperphosphorylated tau protein is the hallmark of the disease. Although changes in cellular function and protein accumulates have been demonstrated in many different AD animal models, the molecular mechanism involved in different cellular functions and the correlation and causative relation between different protein accumulations remain elusive. Our in vivo genetic studies revealed that the molecular mechanisms involved in memory loss and lifespan shortening are different and that tau plays an essential role in mediating Aβ-induced early death. We found that when the first deacetylase (DAC) domain of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity was increased, it regulated cortactin deacetylation to reverse Aβ-induced learning and memory deficit, but with no effect on the lifespan of the Aβ flies. On the other hand, an increased amount of the second DAC domain of HDAC6 promoted tau phosphorylation to facilitate Aβ-induced lifespan shortening without affecting learning performance in the Aβ flies. Our data also confirmed decreased acetylation in two major HDAC6 downstream proteins, suggesting increased HDAC6 activity in Aβ flies. Our data established the double-edged sword effect of HDAC6 activity in Aβ-induced pathologies. Not only did we segregate memory loss and lifespan shortening in Aβ flies, but we also provided evidence to link the Aβ with tau signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Luen Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Detoxification, Hydrogen Sulphide Metabolism and Wound Healing Are the Main Functions That Differentiate Caecum Protein Expression from Ileum of Week-Old Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113155. [PMID: 34827887 PMCID: PMC8614574 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the ileum and caecum represent adjacent parts of the gastrointestinal tract, both compartments differ by function as well as inner environment parameters such as oxygen availability or density of colonising microbiota. As the function of a particular tissue is generally reflected by protein expression, mass spectrometry proteomics was used to characterise expressed proteins of both segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and grouped according to biological processes specific to both gut compartments. Abstract Sections of chicken gut differ in many aspects, e.g., the passage of digesta (continuous vs. discontinuous), the concentration of oxygen, and the density of colonising microbiota. Using an unbiased LC-MS/MS protocol, we compared protein expression in 18 ileal and 57 caecal tissue samples that originated from 7-day old ISA brown chickens. We found that proteins specific to the ileum were either structural (e.g., 3 actin isoforms, villin, or myosin 1A), or those required for nutrient digestion (e.g., sucrose isomaltase, maltase–glucoamylase, peptidase D) and absorption (e.g., fatty acid-binding protein 2 and 6 or bile acid–CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase). On the other hand, proteins characteristic of the caecum were involved in sensing and limiting the consequences of oxidative stress (e.g., thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 6), cell adhesion, and motility associated with wound healing (e.g., fibronectin 1, desmoyokin). These mechanisms are coupled with the activation of mechanisms suppressing the inflammatory response (galectin 1). Rather prominent were also expressions of proteins linked to hydrogen sulphide metabolism in caecum represented by cystathionin beta synthase, selenium-binding protein 1, mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase, and thiosulphate sulphurtransferase. Higher mRNA expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, the main oxidative stress transcriptional factor in caecum, further supported our observations.
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20
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Cortactin Modulates Lung Endothelial Apoptosis Induced by Cigarette Smoke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112869. [PMID: 34831092 PMCID: PMC8616125 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary cause of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and an important pathophysiologic event in COPD is CS-induced apoptosis in lung endothelial cells (EC). Cortactin (CTTN) is a cytoskeletal actin-binding regulatory protein with modulation by Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. Based upon data demonstrating reduced CTTN mRNA levels in the lungs of smokers compared to non-smokers, we hypothesized a functional role for CTTN in CS-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and apoptosis in lung EC. Exposure of cultured human lung EC to CS condensate (CSC) led to the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and increased CTTN tyrosine phosphorylation (within hours). Exposure to CS significantly increased EC mitochondrial ROS generation and EC apoptosis. The functional role of CTTN in these CSC-induced EC responses was explored using cortactin siRNA to reduce its expression, and by using a blocking peptide for the CTTN SH3 domain, which is critical to cytoskeletal interactions. CTTN siRNA or blockade of its SH3 domain resulted in significantly increased EC mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis and augmented CSC-induced effects. Exposure of lung EC to e-cigarette condensate demonstrated similar results, with CTTN siRNA or SH3 domain blocking peptide increasing lung EC apoptosis. These data demonstrate a novel role for CTTN in modulating lung EC apoptosis induced by CS or e-cigarettes potentially providing new insights into COPD pathogenesis.
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21
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Brown SL, Ren Y, Suter DM, Mattoo S. A Co-purification Method for Efficient Production and Src Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation of Aplysia Cortactin. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4158. [PMID: 34692908 PMCID: PMC8481015 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is an actin-binding protein that regulates processes like cell migration, endocytosis, and tumor cell metastasis. Although cortactin is associated with actin-cytoskeletal dynamics in non-neuronal cells and cell-free systems, the exact mechanisms underlying its fundamental roles in neuronal growth cones are not fully explored. Recent reports show that Aplysia Src2 tyrosine kinase induces phosphorylation of cortactin as a mechanism to control lamellipodia protrusion and filopodia formation in cultured Aplysia bag cell neurons ( He et al., 2015 ; Ren et al., 2019 ). In order to provide in vitro evidence for Src2-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin, we developed a robust and cost-effective method for the efficient expression and purification of Aplysia cortactin and Src2 kinase that can be used for biochemical studies including phosphorylation assays. By co-purifying cortactin and Src kinase with a phosphatase (YopH) from Yersinia enterocolitica, we eliminated the problem of non-specific phosphorylation of induced proteins by bacterial kinases and also reduced costs by bypassing the need for commercial enzymatic treatments. This protocol is reproducible and can be modified to produce homogenous non-phosphorylated proteins during recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherlene L Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seema Mattoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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22
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Helicobacter pylori CagA Induces Cortactin Y-470 Phosphorylation-Dependent Gastric Epithelial Cell Scattering via Abl, Vav2 and Rac1 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164241. [PMID: 34439396 PMCID: PMC8391897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Various microbial pathogens target the actin-binding protein cortactin to promote their own uptake, proliferation and spread, and exhibit proposed roles in human cancerogenesis. We aimed to study the molecular mechanisms of how the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori hijacks cortactin phosphorylation via tyrosine kinase Abl to trigger cancer-related signal transduction events. We discovered that cortactin phosphorylated at Y-470 recruits the signaling factor Vav2 to activate the small Rho GTPase Rac1, and finally, a cancer cell motility phenotype. We also demonstrate that phosphorylation of cortactin at Y-470 can be completely inhibited by the well-known Abl inhibitor imatinib. Imatinib is an established oral chemotherapy medication, employed for efficient systemic treatment of various cancers. These results reveal a comprehensive novel pathway for how precisely H. pylori manipulates host signaling in gastric disease development, and may pave the way for new opportunities of treatment of the outcome of infections with this pathogen, i.e., through using imatinib. Abstract The pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the first reported bacterial type-1 carcinogen playing a role in the development of human malignancies, including gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer cell motility is an important process in this scenario, however, the molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that H. pylori subverts the actin-binding protein cortactin through its type-IV secretion system and injected oncoprotein CagA, e.g., by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin at Y-470, which triggers gastric epithelial cell scattering and motility. During infection of AGS cells, cortactin was discovered to undergo tyrosine dephosphorylation at residues Y-421 and Y-486, which is mediated through inactivation of Src kinase. However, H. pylori also profoundly activates tyrosine kinase Abl, which simultaneously phosphorylates cortactin at Y-470. Phosphorylated cortactin interacts with the SH2-domain of Vav2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rho-family of GTPases. The cortactin/Vav2 complex then stimulates a previously unrecognized activation cascade including the small GTPase Rac1, to effect actin rearrangements and cell scattering. We hypothesize that injected CagA targets cortactin to locally open the gastric epithelium in order to get access to certain nutrients. This may disturb the cellular barrier functions, likely contributing to the induction of cell motility, which is important in gastric cancer development.
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23
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Aref S, Fawzy E, Darwish A, Aref M, Agdar MA. Cortactin Expression is a Novel Biomarker for Risk Stratification of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e798-e803. [PMID: 33235155 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of cortactin in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) tissue infiltration has been previously reported. However, its impact on patients' responsiveness to therapy and patient's outcome was not previously addressed. This study was conducted on 60 T-ALL pediatric patients at diagnosis and 10 nonleukemic controls. Cortactin and HS1 expressions were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cortactin and HS1 expression were significantly higher in T-All patients as compared with controls as well as postinduction levels (P≤0.001 for both). The high cortactin expression was significantly associated with high peripheral white cell counts (P≤0.001), blood blast cells (P≤0.001) and central nervous system (CNS) infiltration (P≤0.001), and early precursor T-ALL subtype (P≤0.001) as compared with the remaining groups. The induction of remission response was significantly higher in T-ALL patients with lower cortactin expression levels as compared with T-ALL patients with higher one (P≤0.001). The high cortactin and HS1 expressions were significantly predictors of CNS infiltrations (hazard ratios [HR]: 1.051, confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.13, P=0.04 and HR: 1.87, CI: 1.23-2.091, P=0.002, respectively) and bone marrow relapse (HR: 1.43, CI: 1.18-1.92, P=0.004 and HR: 1.07, CI: 1.01-1.24, P=0.002, respectively). Furthermore, high cortactin expression levels were associated with shorter B-ALL patients' overall survival as compared with those with lower cortactin levels (P=0.002). In conclusion, high expression of cortactin and/or HS1 at diagnosis is a bad prognostic marker of T-ALL patients' outcome. Moreover, cortactin and/or HS1 expression could be used as a biomarker for refining risk stratification of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre
| | - Enas Fawzy
- Haematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Centre
| | - Ahmad Darwish
- Paediatric Department, Paediatric Haematology Oncology Unit
| | - Mohamed Aref
- Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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24
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Islam S, Kitagawa T, Baron B, Kuhara K, Nagayasu H, Kobayashi M, Chiba I, Kuramitsu Y. A standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia downregulates cortactin in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:654. [PMID: 34386076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AHCC®, a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, enhances the therapeutic effects and reduces the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Our previous study reported that treatment with AHCC® downregulated the expression levels of tumor-associated proteins in the gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line, KLM1-R. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of AHCC® in the inhibition of cell migration remains unexplored. Cortactin (CTTN), an actin nucleation-promoting factor, has been reported to be upregulated and correlated with migration, invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of AHCC® on cell migration and the protein expression level of CTTN in KLM1-R cells. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2), an online bioinformatics platform, was used to analyze CTTN mRNA expression levels in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues. CTTN mRNA expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics were assessed by using the GEPIA2 platform. Next, the effects of AHCC® on KLM1-R cell migration were investigated by in vitro wound-healing assay. The KLM1-R cells were treated with AHCC® at a concentration of 10 mg/ml for 48 h. Western blotting was performed on of cell lysates with anti-CTTN or anti-actin antibodies to assess the protein expression levels of CTTN. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mRNA expression level of CTTN increased in pancreatic cancer tissues. The increased mRNA expression levels of CTTN were inversely associated with clinicopathological characteristics, including disease stages and prolonged patient survival times. The administration of 10 mg/ml AHCC® significantly inhibited KLM1-R cells migration compared with controls. The protein expression levels of CTTN were significantly reduced in AHCC®-treated KLM1-R cells, whereas actin expression was not affected. The downregulation of CTTN indicated the anti-metastatic potential of AHCC® in pancreatic cancer cells. Overall, AHCC® may have the potential to be a complementary and alternative therapeutic approach in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajedul Islam
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Keisuke Kuhara
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagayasu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kobayashi
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Itsuo Chiba
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
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25
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Sharafutdinov I, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system upregulates epithelial cortactin expression by a CagA- and JNK-dependent pathway. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13376. [PMID: 34197673 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin represents an important actin-binding factor, which controls actin-cytoskeletal remodelling in host cells. In this way, cortactin has been shown to exhibit crucial functions both for cell movement and tumour cell invasion. In addition, the cortactin gene cttn is amplified in various cancer types of humans. Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of multiple gastric diseases and represents a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been repeatedly shown that H. pylori manipulates cancer-related signal transduction events in infected gastric epithelial cells such as the phosphorylation status of cortactin. In fact, H. pylori modifies the activity of cortactin's binding partners to stimulate changes in the actin-cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and motility. Here we show that H. pylori infection of cultured AGS and Caco-2 cells for 24-48 hr leads to the overexpression of cortactin by 2-3 fold at the protein level. We demonstrate that this activity requires the integrity of the type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) as well as the translocated effector protein CagA. We further show that ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CagA at the EPIYA-repeat region is not required, suggesting that this CagA activity proceeds in a phosphorylation-independent fashion. Inhibitor studies further demonstrate that the involved signalling pathway comprises the mitogen-activated protein kinase JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), but not ERK1/2 or p38. Taken together, using H. pylori as a model system, this study discovered a previously unrecognised cortactin activation cascade by a microbial pathogen. We suggest that H. pylori targets cortactin to manipulate the cellular architecture and epithelial barrier functions that can impact gastric cancer development. TAKE AWAYS: Helicobacter pylori infection induces overexpression of cortactin at the protein level Cortactin upregulation requires the T4SS and effector protein CagA Ectopic expression of CagA is sufficient to stimulate cortactin overexpression Overexpression of cortactin proceeds CagA phosphorylation-independent The involved host cell signalling pathway comprises the MAP kinase JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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26
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Xie Y, Budhathoki R, Blankenship JT. Combinatorial deployment of F-actin regulators to build complex 3D actin structures in vivo. eLife 2021; 10:63046. [PMID: 33949307 PMCID: PMC8149123 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the actin regulators that direct microfilament dynamics, how these regulators are combinatorially utilized in organismal tissues to generate 3D structures is an unresolved question. Here, we present an in-depth characterization of cortical actin cap dynamics and their regulation in vivo. We identify rapid phases of initiation, expansion, duplication, and disassembly and examine the functions of seven different actin and/or nucleator regulators (ANRPs) in guiding these behaviors. We find ANRPs provide distinct activities in building actin cap morphologies – specifically, while DPod1 is a major regulator of actin intensities, Cortactin is required for continued cortical growth, while Coronin functions in both growth and intensity and is required for Cortactin localization to the cap periphery. Unexpectedly, cortical actin populations recover more rapidly after regulator disruption, suggestive of a deep competition for limited G-actin pools, and we measure in vivo Arp2/3 recruitment efficiencies through an ectopic relocalization strategy. Our results illustrate how the coordination of multiple actin regulators can orchestrate organized and dynamic actin structures in a developmental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, United States
| | - Rashmi Budhathoki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, United States
| | - J Todd Blankenship
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, United States
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27
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Lim Lam VK, Hin Wong JY, Chew SY, Chan BP. Rac1-GTPase regulates compression-induced actin protrusions (CAPs) of mesenchymal stem cells in 3D collagen micro-tissues. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120829. [PMID: 33933985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells can sense mechanical signals through cytoskeleton reorganization. We previously discovered the formation of omni-directional actin protrusions upon compression loading, namely compression-induced actin protrusions (CAPs), in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in 3D micro-tissues. Here, the regulatory roles of three RhoGTPases (CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA) in the formation of CAPs were investigated. Upon compression loading, extensive formation of CAPs was found, significantly associated with an upregulated mRNA expression of Rac1 only, but not CDC42, nor RhoA. Upon chemical inhibition of these RhoGTPase activity during compression, only Rac1 activity was significantly suppressed, associating with the reduced CAP formation. Silencing the upstream regulators of these RhoGTPase pathways including Rac1 by specific siRNA dramatically disrupted actin cytoskeleton, distorted cell morphology and aborted CAP formation. Silencing cortactin (CTTN), a downstream effector of the Rac1 pathway, induced a compensatory upregulation of Rac1, enabling the MSCs to respond to the compression loading stimulus in terms of CAP formation, although at a reduced number. The importance of Rac1 signalling in CAP formation and the corresponding upregulation of lamellipodial markers also suggest that these CAPs are lamellipodia in nature. This study delineates the mechanism of compression-induced cytoskeleton reorganization, contributing to rationalizing mechanical loading regimes for functional tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kwok Lim Lam
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Johnny Yu Hin Wong
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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28
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Zhang P, Teng J, Wang L. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes inhibit cell migration and invasion by destroying actin cytoskeleton via mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25294-25303. [PMID: 33291078 PMCID: PMC7803493 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on cytotoxicity and tumor metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, and further explored its mechanism. Results: MWCNTs significantly inhibited cell viability and the clone number, increased the cell number of S phage, promoted cell apoptosis, as well as suppressed cell migration and invasion, and damaged the structure of actin cytoskeleton in a dose-dependent manner in SKOV3. Moreover, MWCNTs treatment obviously damaged the structure of actin cytoskeleton of SKOV3, and inhibited the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes I-V. Conclusions: MWCNTs might influence the assembly of actin cytoskeleton by disrupting mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting migration and invasion of SKOV3. Methods: The characterization of MWCNTs was analyzed by UV visible light absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. SKOV3 cells were exposed to different doses of MWCNTs. Then, in vitro cytotoxicity of MWCNTs was evaluated by MTT assay, colony-forming assay, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis assay. Moreover, the effects of MWCNTs on cell migration and invasion as well as actin cytoskeleton were explored in SKOV3 cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes I-V were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangyan Teng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Supervision of Medical Areas, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
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29
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Mutated lamin A modulates stiffness in muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:861-867. [PMID: 32540097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a complex network interlinking filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. Three major types of filaments are found in the cytoskeleton: actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. They play a key role in the ability of cells to both resist mechanical stress and generate force. However, the precise involvement of intermediate filament proteins in these processes remains unclear. Here, we focused on nuclear A-type lamins, which are connected to the cytoskeleton via the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Using micro-constriction rheology, we investigated the impact of A-type lamins (p.H222P) mutation on the mechanical properties of muscle cells. We demonstrate that the expression of point mutation of lamin A in muscle cells increases cellular stiffness compared with cells expressing wild type lamin A and that the chemical agent selumetinib, an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling, reversed the mechanical alterations in mutated cells. These results highlight the interplay between A-type lamins and mechano-signaling, which are supported by cell biology measurements.
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30
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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31
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Chignon A, Bon-Baret V, Boulanger MC, Li Z, Argaud D, Bossé Y, Thériault S, Arsenault BJ, Mathieu P. Single-cell expression and Mendelian randomization analyses identify blood genes associated with lifespan and chronic diseases. Commun Biol 2020; 3:206. [PMID: 32358504 PMCID: PMC7195437 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human lifespan is a heritable trait, which is intricately linked to the development of disorders. Here, we show that genetic associations for the parental lifespan are enriched in open chromatin of blood cells. By using blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from 31,684 samples, we identified for the lifespan 125 cis- and 559 trans-regulated expressed genes (eGenes) enriched in adaptive and innate responses. Analysis of blood single-cell expression data showed that eGenes were enriched in dendritic cells (DCs) and the modelling of cell ligand-receptor interactions predicted crosstalk between DCs and a cluster of monocytes with a signature of cytotoxicity. In two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we identified 16 blood cis-eGenes causally associated with the lifespan. In MR, the majority of cis-eGene-disorder association pairs had concordant effects with the lifespan. The present work underlined that the lifespan is linked with the immune response and identifies eGenes associated with the lifespan and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chignon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Bon-Baret
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Argaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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32
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Lopez-Guerrero AM, Espinosa-Bermejo N, Sanchez-Lopez I, Macartney T, Pascual-Caro C, Orantos-Aguilera Y, Rodriguez-Ruiz L, Perez-Oliva AB, Mulero V, Pozo-Guisado E, Martin-Romero FJ. RAC1-Dependent ORAI1 Translocation to the Leading Edge Supports Lamellipodia Formation and Directional Persistence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6580. [PMID: 32313105 PMCID: PMC7171199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion requires efficient cell migration, which is achieved by the generation of persistent and polarized lamellipodia. The generation of lamellipodia is supported by actin dynamics at the leading edge where a complex of proteins known as the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) promotes the required assembly of actin filaments to push the front of the cell ahead. By using an U2OS osteosarcoma cell line with high metastatic potential, proven by a xenotransplant in zebrafish larvae, we have studied the role of the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel ORAI1 in this process. We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) triggered an enrichment of ORAI1 at the leading edge, where colocalized with cortactin (CTTN) and other members of the WRC, such as CYFIP1 and ARP2/3. ORAI1-CTTN co-precipitation was sensitive to the inhibition of the small GTPase RAC1, an upstream activator of the WRC. RAC1 potentiated ORAI1 translocation to the leading edge, increasing the availability of surface ORAI1 and increasing the plasma membrane ruffling. The role of ORAI1 at the leading edge was studied in genetically engineered U2OS cells lacking ORAI1 expression that helped us to prove the key role of this Ca2+ channel on lamellipodia formation, lamellipodial persistence, and cell directness, which are required for tumor cell invasiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M Lopez-Guerrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Noelia Espinosa-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Irene Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC- Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Pascual-Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Yolanda Orantos-Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Lola Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ana B Perez-Oliva
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Eulalia Pozo-Guisado
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Martin-Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.
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Zhao Y, Lei Y, He SW, Li YQ, Wang YQ, Hong XH, Liang YL, Li JY, Chen Y, Luo WJ, Zhang PP, Yang XJ, He QM, Ma J, Liu N, Tang LL. Hypermethylation of UCHL1 Promotes Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Suppressing Degradation of Cortactin (CTTN). Cells 2020; 9:E559. [PMID: 32120844 PMCID: PMC7140450 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the epigenetic mechanisms underlying NPC metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that hypermethylation of the UCHL1 promoter leads to its downregulation in NPC. Restoration of UCHL1 inhibited the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo, and knockdown of UCHL1 promoted NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found that UCHL1 interacts with CTTN, and may function as a ligase promoting CTTN degradation by increasing K48-linked ubiquitination of CTTN. Additionally, restoration of CTTN in NPC cells that overexpressed UCHL1 rescued UCHL1 suppressive effects on NPC cell migration and invasion, which indicated that CTTN is a functional target of UCHL1 in NPC. Our findings revealed that UCHL1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in NPC and thus provided a novel therapeutic target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling-Long Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.-W.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-Q.W.); (X.-H.H.); (Y.-L.L.); (J.-Y.L.); (Y.C.); (W.-J.L.); (P.-P.Z.); (X.-J.Y.); (Q.-M.H.); (J.M.); (N.L.)
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34
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Biola-Clier M, Gaillard JC, Rabilloud T, Armengaud J, Carriere M. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Alter the Cellular Phosphoproteome in A549 Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020185. [PMID: 31973118 PMCID: PMC7074930 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most produced NPs worldwide and are used in many consumer products. Their impact on human health, especially through inhalation, has been studied for more than two decades. TiO2 is known for its strong affinity towards phosphates, and consequently interaction with cellular phosphates may be one of the mechanisms driving its toxicity. In the present study, we used a phosphoproteomics approach to document the interaction of TiO2-NP with phosphoproteins from A549 human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to 21 nm anatase/rutile TiO2-NPs, then their phosphopeptides were extracted and analyzed using shotgun proteomics. By comparing the phosphoprotein content, phosphorylation status and phosphorylation sites of exposed cells with that of control cells, our results show that by affecting the phosphoproteome, TiO2-NPs affect cellular processes such as apoptosis, linked with cell cycle and the DNA damage response, TP53 being central to these pathways. Other pathways including inflammation and molecular transport are also affected. These molecular mechanisms of TiO2-NP toxicity have been reported previously, our study shows for the first time that they may derive from phosphoproteome modulation, which could be one of their upstream regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-DIESE-LCBM-ProMD, F-38054 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marie Carriere
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence: (J.A.); (M.C.)
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35
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Mulens-Arias V, Rojas JM, Sanz-Ortega L, Portilla Y, Pérez-Yagüe S, Barber DF. Polyethylenimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles impair in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102063. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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37
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O'Connell ME, Sridharan D, Driscoll T, Krishnamurthy I, Perry WG, Applewhite DA. The Drosophila protein, Nausicaa, regulates lamellipodial actin dynamics in a Cortactin-dependent manner. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.038232. [PMID: 31164339 PMCID: PMC6602326 DOI: 10.1242/bio.038232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila CG10915 is an uncharacterized protein coding gene with sequence similarity to human Cortactin-binding protein 2 (CTTNBP2) and Cortactin-binding protein 2 N-terminal-like (CTTNBP2NL). Here, we have named this gene Nausicaa (naus) and characterize it through a combination of quantitative live-cell total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, RNAi depletion and genetics. We found that Naus co-localizes with F-actin and Cortactin in the lamellipodia of Drosophila S2R+ and D25c2 cells and this localization is lost following Cortactin or Arp2/3 depletion or by mutations that disrupt a conserved proline patch found in its mammalian homologs. Using permeabilization activated reduction in fluorescence and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we find that depletion of Cortactin alters Naus dynamics leading to a decrease in its half-life. Furthermore, we discovered that Naus depletion in S2R+ cells led to a decrease in actin retrograde flow and a lamellipodia characterized by long, unbranched filaments. We demonstrate that these alterations to the dynamics and underlying actin architecture also affect D25c2 cell migration and decrease arborization in Drosophila neurons. We present the hypothesis that Naus functions to slow Cortactin's disassociation from Arp2/3 nucleated branch junctions, thereby increasing both branch nucleation and junction stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E O'Connell
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Divya Sridharan
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA.,Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Tristan Driscoll
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | | | - Wick G Perry
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA
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38
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Zhu L, Cho E, Zhao G, Roh MR, Zheng Z. The Pathogenic Effect of Cortactin Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2019; 33:393-400. [PMID: 30804117 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cortactin (CTTN) has been considered a promising molecular prognostic factor in various types of cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CTTN in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS CTTN and phospho-CTTN (p-CTTN) expression was determined in 10 healthy controls and 38 CSCC tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. The influence of CTTN on the biological behavior of CSCC cells was also investigated. RESULTS p-CTTN expression was significantly increased in CSCC than control samples. In contrast, no significant difference in CTTN expression was found between control and CSCC tissues. Moreover, a significant association was found between recurrence-free survival with p-CTTN expression, but not with CTTN expression. Furthermore, the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of CSCC cells were significantly decreased by CTTN-siRNA transfection. CONCLUSION CTTN phosphorylation is strongly associated with CSCC pathogenesis and may serve as a molecular biomarker of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Eunae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, P.R. China
| | - Mi Ryung Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenlong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, P.R. China .,Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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39
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Ren Y, He Y, Brown S, Zbornik E, Mlodzianoski MJ, Ma D, Huang F, Mattoo S, Suter DM. A single tyrosine phosphorylation site in cortactin is important for filopodia formation in neuronal growth cones. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1817-1833. [PMID: 31116646 PMCID: PMC6727743 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin is a Src tyrosine phosphorylation substrate that regulates multiple actin-related cellular processes. While frequently studied in nonneuronal cells, the functions of cortactin in neuronal growth cones are not well understood. We recently reported that cortactin mediates the effects of Src tyrosine kinase in regulating actin organization and dynamics in both lamellipodia and filopodia of Aplysia growth cones. Here, we identified a single cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y499) to be important for the formation of filopodia. Overexpression of a 499F phospho-deficient cortactin mutant decreased filopodia length and density, whereas overexpression of a 499E phospho-mimetic mutant increased filopodia length. Using an antibody against cortactin pY499, we showed that tyrosine-phosphorylated cortactin is enriched along the leading edge. The leading edge localization of phosphorylated cortactin is Src2-dependent, F-actin-independent, and important for filopodia formation. In vitro kinase assays revealed that Src2 phosphorylates cortactin at Y499, although Y505 is the preferred site in vitro. Finally, we provide evidence that Arp2/3 complex acts downstream of phosphorylated cortactin to regulate density but not length of filopodia. In conclusion, we have characterized a tyrosine phosphorylation site in Aplysia cortactin that plays a major role in the Src/cortactin/Arp2/3 signaling pathway controlling filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Yingpei He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Sherlene Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Erica Zbornik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Michael J Mlodzianoski
- Department of Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue Institutes of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Donghan Ma
- Department of Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue Institutes of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue Institutes of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Seema Mattoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.,Department of Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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40
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Roma MG, Barosso IR, Miszczuk GS, Crocenzi FA, Pozzi EJS. Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1113-1154. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Roma
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R. Barosso
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S. Miszczuk
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
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41
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Shi P, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Liu Y, Li T, Wang W, Liang X, Wu C. Arp2/3-branched actin regulates microtubule acetylation levels and affects mitochondrial distribution. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226506. [PMID: 30782777 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin and microtubule cytoskeletons regulate cell morphology, participate in organelle trafficking and function in response to diverse environmental cues. Precise spatial-temporal coordination between these two cytoskeletons is essential for cells to live and move. Here, we report a novel crosstalk between actin and microtubules, in which the branched actin maintains microtubule organization, dynamics and stability by affecting tubulin acetylation levels. We observed that acetylated tubulin significantly decreases upon perturbation of the Arp2/3-branched actin. We subsequently discover that HDAC6 participates in this process by altering its interaction with tubulin and the Arp2/3-stabilizer cortactin. We further identify that the homeostasis of branched actin controls mitochondrial distribution via this microtubule acetylation-dependent mechanism. Our findings shed new light on the integral view of cytoskeletal networks, highlighting post-translational modification as another possible form of cytoskeletal inter-regulation, aside from the established crosstalks through structural connection or upstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxing Huang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoping Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences and Max-Plank Partner Group, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Xiao Z, Chen M, Yang J, Yang C, Lü X, Tian H, Liu C. [MTBP regulates migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:6-12. [PMID: 30692060 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of MTBP in regulating the migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells. METHODS The baseline expressions of MTBP in 3 different human prostate cancer cells lines (22RV1, DU145 and Lncap) were detected using Western blotting. The cells were transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) for MTBP knockdown or MTBP plasmid for MTBP overexpression, and 48 h later, the cells were examined for MTBP expression with Western blotting; the changes in the migration abilities of the cells were evaluated using wound healing assay and Transwell assay, and the cell invasiveness was assessed using Matrigel Transwell assay. The expression of E-cadherin protein, a marker of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), was detected using Western blotting. RESULTS MTBP expression was the highest in DU145 cells followed by Lncap cells, and was the lowest in 22RV1 cells, indicating a positive correlation of MTBP expression with the level of malignancy of human prostate cancer cells. Transfection of the cells with siRNA or MTBP plasmids efficiently lowered or enhanced the expressions of MTBP in human prostate cancer cells. Wound healing assay showed that inhibition of MTBP expression decreased the migration ability of the prostate cancer cells, and MTBP overexpression significantly promoted the migration of the cells (P < 0.01). Transwell assay showed that MTBP knockdown significantly lowered the migration and invasion ability of the cells, while MTBP overexpression markedly increased the number of migrating and invading cells (P < 0.01); Western blotting results showed that MTBP knockdown increased the expression of E-cadherin protein, and MTBP overexpression decreased E-cadherin expression in the prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS MTBP overexpression promotes the migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells possibly relation to the induction of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Mingkun Chen
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiankun Yang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xianyuan Lü
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hu Tian
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Cundong Liu
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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43
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Tanna CE, Goss LB, Ludwig CG, Chen PW. Arf GAPs as Regulators of the Actin Cytoskeleton-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020442. [PMID: 30669557 PMCID: PMC6358971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) control the activity of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) by inducing GTP hydrolysis and participate in a diverse array of cellular functions both through mechanisms that are dependent on and independent of their Arf GAP activity. A number of these functions hinge on the remodeling of actin filaments. Accordingly, some of the effects exerted by Arf GAPs involve proteins known to engage in regulation of the actin dynamics and architecture, such as Rho family proteins and nonmuscle myosin 2. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), podosomes, invadopodia, lamellipodia, stress fibers and focal adhesions are among the actin-based structures regulated by Arf GAPs. Arf GAPs are thus important actors in broad functions like adhesion and motility, as well as the specialized functions of bone resorption, neurite outgrowth, and pathogen internalization by immune cells. Arf GAPs, with their multiple protein-protein interactions, membrane-binding domains and sites for post-translational modification, are good candidates for linking the changes in actin to the membrane. The findings discussed depict a family of proteins with a critical role in regulating actin dynamics to enable proper cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Tanna
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Louisa B Goss
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Calvin G Ludwig
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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Hasan MK, Rassenti L, Widhopf GF, Yu J, Kipps TJ. Wnt5a causes ROR1 to complex and activate cortactin to enhance migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2018; 33:653-661. [PMID: 30568170 PMCID: PMC6462876 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) migrate between the blood and lymphoid tissues in response to chemokines. Such migration requires structured cytoskeletal-actin polymerization, which may involve the protein cortactin. We discovered that treatment of CLL cells with Wnt5a causes Receptor tyosin kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) to bind cortactin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at Y421, recruits ARHGEF1, and activates RhoA, thereby enhancing leukemia-cell migration; such effects could be inhibited by cirmtuzumab, a humanized mAb specific for ROR1. We transfected the CLL-cell-line MEC1 with either full-length ROR1 or various mutant forms of ROR1 to examine the structural features required for binding cortactin. We found that the proline-rich domain (PRD) was necessary for ROR1 to recruit cortactin. We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850. In contrast to wild-type ROR1, or other ROR1P=>A mutants, ROR1P(841)A failed to complex with cortactin or ARHGEF1 in response to Wnt5a. Moreover, Wnt5a could not induce MEC1-ROR1P(841)A to phosphorylate cortactin or enhance CLL-cell F-actin polymerization. Taken together, these studies show that cortactin plays an important role in ROR1-dependent Wnt5a-enhanced CLL-cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Rassenti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - George F Widhopf
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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45
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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46
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Eltokhi A, Rappold G, Sprengel R. Distinct Phenotypes of Shank2 Mouse Models Reflect Neuropsychiatric Spectrum Disorders of Human Patients With SHANK2 Variants. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:240. [PMID: 30072871 PMCID: PMC6060255 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SHANK scaffolding proteins are important organizers for signaling proteins in the postsynapse of excitatory neurons. The functional significance of SHANK proteins becomes apparent by the wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with SHANK variants in human patients. A similar diversity of neuropsychiatric-like phenotypes is described for numerous Shank2 and Shank3 knockout (KO) mouse lines. In this review, we will focus on and discuss the experimental results obtained from different, but genetically related and therefore comparable, Shank2 mouse models. First, we will describe the distinct SHANK2 variant-mediated neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders in human patients. Then we will discuss the current knowledge of the expressed SHANK2 isoforms in the mouse, and we will describe the genetic strategies used for generating three conventional and seven conditional Shank2 mouse lines. The distinct impairments i.e., autistic-like and mania-like behavior and the alterations on the molecular, electrophysiological and behavioral levels will be compared between the different Shank2 mouse models. We will present our view as to why in these mouse models a spectrum of phenotypes can arise from similar Shank2 gene manipulations and how Shank2 mutant mice can be used and should be analyzed on the behavioral level in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Max Planck Research Group "Molecular Neurobiology", Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Research Group "Molecular Neurobiology", Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Navarro-Triviño FJ, Gil-Montoya JA. An update of knowledge on cortactin as a metastatic driver and potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2018; 25:949-971. [PMID: 29878474 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of filamentous actin and of protrusive structures (invadopodia and lamellipodia) on the cell membrane that are necessary for the acquisition of a migratory phenotype. We also analyze a series of emerging functions that cortactin may exert in oral cancer (cell proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of exosomes, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment). We review its molecular structure, its most important interactions (with Src, Arp2/3 complex, and SH3-binding partners), the regulation of its functions, and its specific oncogenic role in oral cancer. We explore the mechanisms of its overexpression in cancer, mainly related to genetic amplification. We analyze the prognostic implications of the oncogenic activation of cortactin in potentially malignant disorders and in head and neck cancer, where it appears to be relevant in the development of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we discuss its usefulness as a therapeutic target and suggest future research lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángela Ayén
- School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
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Wang X, Wang L, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. The Significant Role of c-Abl Kinase in Barrier Altering Agonists-mediated Cytoskeletal Biomechanics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1002. [PMID: 29343719 PMCID: PMC5772358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (EC) as a prototypical biomechanical system has important pathophysiologic relevance because this cell type plays a key role in the development of a wide variety of clinical conditions. The complex hierarchical organization ranging from the molecular scale up to the cellular level has an intimate and intricate relationship to the barrier function between lung tissue and blood. To understand the innate molecule-cell-tissue relationship across varied length-scales, the functional role of c-Abl kinase in the cytoskeletal nano-biomechanics of ECs in response to barrier-altering agonists was investigated using atomic force microscopy. Concurrently, the spatially specific arrangement of cytoskeleton structure and dynamic distribution of critical proteins were examined using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Reduction in c-Abl expression by siRNA attenuates both thrombin- and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated structural changes in ECs, specifically spatially-defined changes in elastic modulus and distribution of critical proteins. These results indicate that c-Abl kinase is an important determinant of cortical actin-based cytoskeletal rearrangement. Our findings directly bridge the gap between kinase activity, structural complexity, and functional connectivity across varied length-scales, and suggest that manipulation of c-Abl kinase activity may be a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary barrier disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of the Design and Intelligent Control of the Advanced Mechatronical System, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - S M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - G S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - V P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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49
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O’Sullivan F, Keenan J, Aherne S, O’Neill F, Clarke C, Henry M, Meleady P, Breen L, Barron N, Clynes M, Horgan K, Doolan P, Murphy R. Parallel mRNA, proteomics and miRNA expression analysis in cell line models of the intestine. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7369-7386. [PMID: 29151691 PMCID: PMC5685843 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i41.7369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify miRNA-regulated proteins differentially expressed between Caco2 and HT-29: two principal cell line models of the intestine. METHODS Exponentially growing Caco-2 and HT-29 cells were harvested and prepared for mRNA, miRNA and proteomic profiling. mRNA microarray profiling analysis was carried out using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST array. miRNA microarray profiling analysis was carried out using the Affymetrix Genechip miRNA 3.0 array. Quantitative Label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was performed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 RSLCnano system coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Peptide identities were validated in Proteome Discoverer 2.1 and were subsequently imported into Progenesis QI software for further analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis for all three parallel datasets (miRNA, proteomics, mRNA) was conducted in the R software environment using the Euclidean distance measure and Ward's clustering algorithm. The prediction of miRNA and oppositely correlated protein/mRNA interactions was performed using TargetScan 6.1. GO biological process, molecular function and cellular component enrichment analysis was carried out for the DE miRNA, protein and mRNA lists via the Pathway Studio 11.3 Web interface using their Mammalian database. RESULTS Differential expression (DE) profiling comparing the intestinal cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 identified 1795 Genes, 168 Proteins and 160 miRNAs as DE between the two cell lines. At the gene level, 1084 genes were upregulated and 711 were downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. At the protein level, 57 proteins were found to be upregulated and 111 downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. Finally, at the miRNAs level, 104 were upregulated and 56 downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DE mRNA identified cell adhesion, migration and ECM organization, cellular lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes, small molecule transport and a range of responses to external stimuli, while similar analysis of the DE protein list identified gene expression/transcription, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA replication, differentiation and translation ontology categories. The DE protein and gene lists were found to share 15 biological processes including for example epithelial cell differentiation [P value ≤ 1.81613E-08 (protein list); P ≤ 0.000434311 (gene list)] and actin filament bundle assembly [P value ≤ 0.001582797 (protein list); P ≤ 0.002733714 (gene list)]. Analysis was conducted on the three data streams acquired in parallel to identify targets undergoing potential miRNA translational repression identified 34 proteins, whose respective mRNAs were detected but no change in expression was observed. Of these 34 proteins, 27 proteins downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line and predicted to be targeted by 19 unique anti-correlated/upregulated microRNAs and 7 proteins upregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line and predicted to be targeted by 15 unique anti-correlated/downregulated microRNAs. CONCLUSION This first study providing "tri-omics" analysis of the principal intestinal cell line models Caco-2 and HT-29 has identified 34 proteins potentially undergoing miRNA translational repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr O’Sullivan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Keenan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Sinead Aherne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Laura Breen
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | | | - Padraig Doolan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
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50
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Wang X, Bleher R, Wang L, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Imatinib Alters Agonists-mediated Cytoskeletal Biomechanics in Lung Endothelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14152. [PMID: 29075042 PMCID: PMC5658337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium serves as a size-selective barrier and tightly controls the fluid exchange from the circulation to the surrounding tissues. In this study, a multiplexed microscopy characterization is developed to study the spatio-temporal effects of Abl kinases on endothelial cytoskeletal structure using AFM, SEM, and immunofluorescence. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) produces significant endothelial barrier enhancement by means of peripheral actin rearrangement. However, Abl kinase inhibition by imatinib reduces rapid redistribution of the important cytoskeletal proteins to the periphery and their association with the cortical actin ring. Herein, it moderates the thickness of the cortical actin ring, and diminishes the increase in elastic modulus at the periphery and cytoplasm. These findings demonstrate that imatinib attenuates multiple cytoskeletal changes associated with S1P-mediated endothelial barrier enhancement and suggest a novel role for Abl kinases in mediating these S1P effects. These observations bridge the gap between molecule dynamics, structure complexity and function connectivity across varied length-scales to improve our understanding on human pulmonary endothelial barrier regulation. Moreover, our study suggests a framework for understanding form-function relationships in other biomechanical subsystems, wherein complex hierarchical organization programmed from the molecular scale to the cellular and tissue levels has an intimate relationship to the overall physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of the Design and Intelligent Control of the Advanced Mechatronical System, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China, 300384.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China, 300384.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, 60208
| | - R Bleher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, 60208
| | - L Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA, 60612
| | - J G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 85721
| | - S M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA, 60612.
| | - G S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, 60208.
| | - V P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, 60208.
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