1
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Gass DT, Quintero AV, Hatvany JB, Gallagher ES. Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:615-659. [PMID: 36005212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell-cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal-ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three-dimensional, gas-phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal-ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Gass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob B Hatvany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Zhang L, Khoo CS, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend and their structural characterization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31672. [PMID: 38868030 PMCID: PMC11167292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend is a traditionally well-known mushroom that is used for the treatment of cancer. In order to evaluate the pharmacological activities of A. rugosum polysaccharides, the mushroom powder was subjected to hot water extraction and pure polysaccharides (ARPs) were isolated by gel-filtration method. Three important APRs called ARP-1, ARP-2 and ARP-5 were identified with average molecular weights of 1494, 450, and 7 kDa respectively. Their antioxidant abilities were estimated by examining free radical scavenging potential against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS●+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and hydroxyl radical. Immunomodulatory potentials of these ARPs were determined using murine macrophage cells. These polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant abilities and stimulated mouse macrophages leading to the generation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Excellent activities were displayed by ARP-1 and APR-2. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) methods were employed in order to carry out their structural characterisation. The two high molecular weight ARPs (ARP-1 and ARP-2) displayed β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl. These observations suggest high potential of ARPs for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 100010, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cheang Soo Khoo
- Wentworth Institute of Higher Education, 302-306 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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3
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Jirasek M, Sharma A, Bame JR, Mehr SHM, Bell N, Marshall SM, Mathis C, MacLeod A, Cooper GJT, Swart M, Mollfulleda R, Cronin L. Investigating and Quantifying Molecular Complexity Using Assembly Theory and Spectroscopy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1054-1064. [PMID: 38799656 PMCID: PMC11117308 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Current approaches to evaluate molecular complexity use algorithmic complexity, rooted in computer science, and thus are not experimentally measurable. Directly evaluating molecular complexity could be used to study directed vs undirected processes in the creation of molecules, with potential applications in drug discovery, the origin of life, and artificial life. Assembly theory has been developed to quantify the complexity of a molecule by finding the shortest path to construct the molecule from building blocks, revealing its molecular assembly index (MA). In this study, we present an approach to rapidly infer the MA of molecules from spectroscopic measurements. We demonstrate that the MA can be experimentally measured by using three independent techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). By identifying and analyzing the number of absorbances in IR spectra, carbon resonances in NMR, or molecular fragments in tandem MS, the MA of an unknown molecule can be reliably estimated. This represents the first experimentally quantifiable approach to determining molecular assembly. This paves the way to use experimental techniques to explore the evolution of complex molecules as well as a unique marker of where an evolutionary process has been operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jirasek
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Jessica R. Bame
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - S. Hessam M. Mehr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Nicola Bell
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Stuart M. Marshall
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Cole Mathis
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Alasdair MacLeod
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Geoffrey J. T. Cooper
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Marcel Swart
- University
of Girona, Campus Montilivi (Ciencies), c/M.A. Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys
23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Mollfulleda
- University
of Girona, Campus Montilivi (Ciencies), c/M.A. Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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4
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Dwivedi R, Maurya AK, Ahmed H, Farrag M, Pomin VH. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based structural elucidation of novel marine glycans and derived oligosaccharides. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:269-285. [PMID: 37439410 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine glycans of defined structures are unique representatives among all kinds of structurally complex glycans endowed with important biological actions. Besides their unique biological properties, these marine sugars also enable advanced structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies given their distinct and defined structures. However, the natural high molecular weights (MWs) of these marine polysaccharides, sometimes even bigger than 100 kDa, pose a problem in many biophysical and analytical studies. Hence, the preparation of low MW oligosaccharides becomes a strategy to overcome the problem. Regardless of the polymeric or oligomeric lengths of these molecules, structural elucidation is mandatory for SAR studies. For this, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy plays a pivotal role. Here, we revisit the NMR-based structural elucidation of a series of marine sulfated poly/oligosaccharides discovered in our laboratory within the last 2 years. This set of structures includes the α-glucan extracted from the bivalve Marcia hiantina; the two sulfated galactans extracted from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis; the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta pygmaea; the oligosaccharides produced from the fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from this sea cucumber species and from another species, Holothuria floridana; and the sulfated fucan from this later species. Specific 1H and 13C chemical shifts, generated by various 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra, are exploited as the primary source of information in the structural elucidation of these marine glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Dwivedi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Marwa Farrag
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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5
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Ye Z, Li J, Shi J, Song Y, Liu Y, Hou J. Glycosidase-activated H 2S donorsto enhance chemotherapy efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 100:129644. [PMID: 38316370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a critical role in cancer biology. Herein, we developed a series of glycosidase-triggered hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors by connecting sugar moieties (including glucose, galactose and mannose) to COS donors via a self-immolative spacer. In the presence of corresponding glycosidases, H2S was gradually released from these donors in PBS buffer with releasing efficiencies from 36 to 67 %. H2S release was also detected by H2S probe WSP-1 after treatment HepG2 cells with Man1. Cytotoxicities of these glycosylated H2S donors were evaluated against HepG2 by MTT assay. Among them, Man1 and Man2 exhibited an obvious reduction of cell viability in HepG2 cells, with cell viability as 37.6 % for 80 μM of Man. Consistently, significant apoptosis was observed in HepG2 cells after treatment with Man1 and Man2. Finally, We evaluated the potential of Man1 for combination therapy with doxorubicin. A synergistic effect was observed between Man1 and Doxorubicin in HepG2 and Hela cells. All these results indicated glycosidase-activated H2S donorshave promising potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jixiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Jiarui Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of ClinicalTherapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China.
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6
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Zulkifli SZ, Ab Ghani N, Rasol NE, Salleh WMNHW, Ismail NH. Lepiginosides A-D: three new triterpenoid saponins and a new farnesyl glycoside from the stembarks of Lepisanthes rubiginosa (roxb.) leenh. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:10-15. [PMID: 35862620 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract of L. rubiginosa using modern chromatographic techniques has led to the isolation of three new triterpenoid saponins, lepiginosides A-C (1-3), a new farnesyl glycoside, lepiginoside D (4), together with lepisantheside B (5) and gleditsoside C (6). The characterization and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. Moreover, the antibacterial activity against seven bacteria, but none is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zafirah Zulkifli
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurunajah Ab Ghani
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Nagasawa T, Sato K, Kasumi T. Interaction of Organogermanium Compounds with Saccharides in Aqueous Solutions: Promotion of Aldose-to-ketose Isomerization and Its Molecular Mechanism. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2023; 70:81-97. [PMID: 38239765 PMCID: PMC10792222 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2023_0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses sugar isomerization with organogermanium compounds. Organogermanium compounds markedly increase the aldose-ketose (glucose-fructose or lactose-lactulose) isomerization ratio, double the initial reaction rate, and significantly reduce the base-catalyzed degradation of sugars. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that the affinity of organogermanium compounds with a 3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid (THGP) structure toward ketoses is 20-40 times stronger than that toward aldoses; thus, such organogermanium compounds form complexes more readily with ketoses than with aldoses. Stable ketose complexes, which contain multiple cis-diol structures and high fractions of furanose structures, suppress the reverse ketose-aldose reaction, thereby shifting the equilibrium toward the ketose side. These complexes also protect sugar molecules from alkaline degradation owing to the repulsion between anionic charges. The increased rate of the initial reaction in the alkaline isomerization process results from stabilizing the transition state by forming a complex between THGP and a cis-enediol intermediate. The cyclic pentacoordinate or hexacoordinate THGP structures give rise to a conjugated system of germanium orbitals, which is extended through dπ-pπ interactions, thereby improving the stability of the complex. Based on these results, we have developed a bench-scale lactulose syrup manufacturing plant incorporating a system to separate, recover, and reuse organogermanium poly-trans-[(2-carboxyethyl)germasesquioxane]. This manufacturing plant can be used as a model of an alkaline isomerization accelerator for continuous industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takafumi Kasumi
- Enzymology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University
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8
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Bamigbade G, Ali AH, Subhash A, Tamiello-Rosa C, Al Qudsi FR, Esposito G, Hamed F, Liu SQ, Gan RY, Abu-Jdayil B, Ayyash M. Structural characterization, biofunctionality, and environmental factors impacting rheological properties of exopolysaccharide produced by probiotic Lactococcus lactis C15. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17888. [PMID: 37857676 PMCID: PMC10587178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) possess distinctive rheological and physicochemical properties and innovative functionality. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical, bioactive, and rheological properties of an EPS secreted by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C15. EPS-C15 was found to have an average molecular weight of 8.8 × 105 Da and was identified as a hetero-EPS composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose with a molar ratio of 2.0:2.7:1.0:21.3, respectively. The particle size and zeta potential represented 311.2 nm and - 12.44 mV, respectively. FITR exhibited that EPS-C15 possessed a typical polysaccharide structure. NMR displayed that EPS-C15 structure is → 3)α-d-Glcvi (1 → 3)α-d-Xylv (1 → 6)α-d-Glciv(1 → 4)α-d-Glc(1 → 3)β-d-Man(1 → 2)α-d-Glci(1 → . EPS-C15 scavenged DPPH and ABTS free radicals with 50.3% and 46.4% capacities, respectively. Results show that the antiproliferative activities of EPS-C15 revealed inhibitions of 49.7% and 88.1% against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells, respectively. EPS-C15 has antibacterial properties that inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (29.45%), Salmonella typhimurium (29.83%), Listeria monocytogenes (30.33%), and E. coli O157:H7 (33.57%). The viscosity of EPS-C15 decreased as the shear rate increased. The rheological properties of the EPS-C15 were affected by changes in pH levels and the addition of salts. EPS-C15 is a promising biomaterial that has potential applications in various industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gafar Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Athira Subhash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Camila Tamiello-Rosa
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE
| | - Farah R Al Qudsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 21121, Jordan
| | - Gennaro Esposito
- Science Division - New York University Abu Dhabi, NYUAD Campus, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fathalla Hamed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 1555, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Basim Abu-Jdayil
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, UAE.
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9
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Singh K, Yadava RN, Yadav R. Antibacterial Compound Isolation and Characterization from the Plant Cynotis axillaris Schult. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301094. [PMID: 37690999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flavone glycoside was isolated from the methanolic extract of Cynotis axillaris Schult. Various analysis and characterization techniques were used to determine its structure and properties. The compound exhibited a melting point range of 231-232 °C and had a molecular formula of C27 H30 O14 . Several spectral characterization techniques were employed to establish the isolated compound's structure. These included UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, LC-ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Based on these analyses, the structure of the isolated compound was determined to be 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-8-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-4'-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl. This structure indicates that it is a flavone glycoside consisting of a flavone (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) moiety attached to a sugar molecule (galactopyranosyl) at position 4', which further bears a rhamnose group at position 8 of the flavone. In addition, to the structural characterization, the compound also demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against various bacterial pathogens, including Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis MTCC441 and Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli MTCC1098, Proteus vulgarize MTCC426, and Salmonella Typhimurium MTCC3224. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition in millimetres, which provides an indication of the compound's ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The study successfully identified and characterized a novel flavone glycoside from Cynotis axillaris Schult. and its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - R N Yadava
- Department of chemistry, Purnea University Bihar, India
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
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10
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Aizawa T, Sato J, Saito S, Yasuda T, Maruyama Y, Urai M. An extracellular polysaccharide is involved in the aluminum tolerance of Pullulanibacillus sp. CA42, a newly isolated strain from the Chinese water chestnut growing in an actual acid sulfate soil area in Vietnam. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1241244. [PMID: 37700869 PMCID: PMC10493610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1241244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel aluminum-tolerant bacterial strain CA42 was isolated from the aquatic plant Eleocharis dulcis, which grows in a highly acidic swamp in Vietnam. Inoculation with CA42 allowed Oryza sativa to grow in the presence of 300 μM AlCl3 at pH 3.5, and biofilms were observed around the roots. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the strain was identified as Pullulanibacillus sp. CA42. This strain secreted large amounts of an extracellular polysaccharide (CA42 EPS). Results from structural analyses on CA42 EPS, namely methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), indicated that the chemical structure of CA42 EPS was a glycogen-like α-glucan. Purified CA42 EPS and the commercially available oyster glycogen adsorbed aluminum ions up to 15-30 μmol/g dry weight. Digestion treatments with α-amylase and pullulanase completely attenuated the aluminum ion-adsorbing activity of purified CA42 EPS and oyster glycogen, suggesting that the glycogen-like structure adsorbed aluminum ions and that its branching structure played an important role in its aluminum adsorbing activity. Furthermore, the aluminum tolerance of CA42 cells was attenuated by pullulanase treatment directly on the live CA42 cells. These results suggest that CA42 EPS adsorbs aluminum ions and is involved in the aluminum tolerance mechanism of Pullulanibacillus sp. CA42. Thus, this strain may be a potential plant growth-promoting bacterium in acidic soils. In addition, this study is the first to report a glycogen-like polysaccharide that adsorbs aluminum ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Aizawa
- Department of Bioscience, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junki Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shimon Saito
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanari Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Urai
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Andreolli M, Villanova V, Zanzoni S, D'Onofrio M, Vallini G, Secchi N, Lampis S. Characterization of trehalolipid biosurfactant produced by the novel marine strain Rhodococcus sp. SP1d and its potential for environmental applications. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:126. [PMID: 37443119 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds with environmental and industrial applications. These molecules show higher biocompatibility, stability and efficiency compared to synthetic surfactants. On the other hand, biosurfactants are not cost-competitive to their chemical counterparts. Cost effective technology such as the use of low-cost substrates is a promising approach aimed at reducing the production cost. This study aimed to evaluate the biosurfactant production and activity by the novel strain Rhodococcus sp. SP1d by using different growth substrates. Therefore, to exploit the biosurfactant synthesized by SP1d for environmental applications, the effect of this compound on the bacteria biofilm formation was evaluated. Eventually, for a possible bioremediation application, the biosurfactant properties and its chemical characteristics were investigated using diesel as source of carbon. RESULTS Rhodococcus sp. SP1d evidence the highest similarity to Rhodococcus globerulus DSM 43954T and the ability to biosynthesize surfactants using a wide range of substrates such as exhausted vegetable oil, mineral oil, butter, n-hexadecane, and diesel. The maximum production of crude biosurfactant after 10 days of incubation was reached on n-hexadecane and diesel with a final yield of 2.38 ± 0.51 and 1.86 ± 0.31 g L- 1 respectively. Biosurfactants produced by SP1d enhanced the biofilm production of P. protegens MP12. Moreover, the results showed the ability of SP1d to produce biosurfactants on diesel even when grown at 10 and 18 °C. The biosurfactant activity was maintained over a wide range of NaCl concentration, pH, and temperature. A concentration of 1000 mg L- 1 of the crude biosurfactant showed an emulsification activity of 55% towards both xylene and olive oil and a reduction of 25.0 mN m- 1 of surface tension of water. Eventually, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the biosurfactant is formed by trehalolipids. CONCLUSIONS The use of low-cost substrates such as exhausted oils and waste butter reduce both the costs of biosurfactant synthesis and the environmental pollution due to the inappropriate disposal of these residues. High production yields, stability and emulsification properties using diesel and n-hexadecane as substrates, make the biosurfactant produced by SP1d a sustainable biocompound for bioremediation purpose. Eventually, the purified biosurfactant improved the biofilm formation of the fungal antagonistic strain P. protegens MP12, and thus seem to be exploitable to increase the adherence and colonization of plant surfaces by this antagonistic strain and possibly enhance antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andreolli
- VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Valeria Villanova
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vallini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Nicola Secchi
- Eurovix S.p.A, Viale Mattei 17, Entratico, Bergamo, 24060, Italy
| | - Silvia Lampis
- VUCC-DBT Verona University Culture Collection, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
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12
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van de Sande JW, Albada B. Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides containing l-Arabinosylated Hydroxyproline and Sulfated Tyrosine. Org Lett 2023; 25:1907-1911. [PMID: 36917069 PMCID: PMC10043930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translationally modified peptides are important regulating molecules for living organisms. Here, we report the stereoselective total synthesis of β-1,2-linked l-arabinosylated Fmoc-protected hydroxyproline building blocks and their incorporation, together with sulfated tyrosine and hydroxyproline, into the plant peptide hormone PSY1. Clean glycopeptides were obtained by performing acetyl removal from the l-arabinose groups prior to deprotection of the neopentyl-protected sulfated tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper W van de Sande
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Chen Q, Lan P, Tan S, Banwell MG. The Palladium-Catalyzed Glycosylation of Halotropones. Org Lett 2023; 25:384-388. [PMID: 36606750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A range of mono- and disaccharides, including glucose derivative 10, has been cleanly coupled, in the presence of a Pd catalyst, with various halogenated and structurally distinctive tropones, including "parent" compound 11, to afford the corresponding α- and β-anomeric forms of the tropolone glycosides, e.g., 12 and 13, respectively. Varying the ligand used influences the anomer distribution significantly and such that either the α- or β-form predominates. Notable chemo- and regioselectivities are observed when dihalogenated troponoids are employed as coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510632, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510632, China
| | - Shen Tan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510632, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510632, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and the Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang, Guangdong524023, China
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14
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Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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15
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Wang X, Shi J, Xu Z, Wang D, Song Y, Han G, Wang B, Cao H, Liu Y, Hou J. Targeted delivery of Nitric Oxide triggered by α-Glucosidase to Ameliorate NSAIDs-induced Enteropathy. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102590. [PMID: 36603529 PMCID: PMC9813757 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increase risks of severe small intestinal injuries. Development of effective therapeutic strategies to overcome this issue remains challenging. Nitric oxide (NO) as a gaseous mediator plays a protective role in small intestinal injuries. However, small intestine-specific delivery systems for NO have not been reported yet. In this study, we reported a small intestine-targeted polymeric NO donor (CS-NO) which was synthesized by covalent grafting of α-glucosidase-activated NO donor onto chitosan. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CS-NO could be activated by intestinal α-glucosidase to release NO in the small intestine. Pre-treatment of mice with CS-NO significantly alleviated small intestinal damage induced by indomethacin, as demonstrated by down-regulation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines CXCL1/KC. Moreover, CS-NO also attenuated indomethacin-induced gut barrier dysfunction as evidenced by up-regulation of the levels of tight junction proteins and restoration of the levels of goblet cells and MUC2 production. Meanwhile, CS-NO effectively restored the defense function of Paneth cells against pathogens in small intestine. Our present study paves the way to develop NO-based therapeutic strategy for NSAIDs-induced small intestinal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Wang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarui Shi
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhixin Xu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuguang Song
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guifang Han
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yangping Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jingli Hou
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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16
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Belakhov VV, Boikova IV, Krasnobaeva IL, Kolodyaznaya VA. Preparation and Insecticidal Activity of Organosulfur Derivatives of β-D-Ribofuranoside. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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17
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Kahriman N, Serdaroğlu V, Aydın A, Türkmenoğlu B, Usta A. Diastereoselective Synthesis, Characterization, Investigation of Anticancer, Antibacterial Activities, In Silico Approaches and DNA/BSA Binding Affinities of Novel Pyrimidine-Sugar Derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Mettwally WS, Gamal AA, Shams El-Din NG, Hamdy AA. Biological activities and structural characterization of sulfated polysaccharide extracted from a newly Mediterranean Sea record Grateloupia gibbesii Harvey. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Cloutier M, Lavoie S, Gauthier C. C7 Epimerization of Benzylidene-Protected β-d-Idopyranosides Brings Structural Insights into Idose Conformational Flexibility. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12932-12953. [PMID: 36137237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idose is unique among other aldohexoses because of its high conformational flexibility in solution. We herein show that benzylidene acetal-protected 3-O-acyl-β-d-idopyranosides undergo Lewis acid-catalyzed C7 epimerization with concomitant 4C1 to 1C4 ring inversion. The reaction conditions and structural parameters for this transformation to occur have been thoroughly investigated through an extensive glycosylation study combined with NMR analyses, X-ray diffraction, and quantum molecular modeling. In addition to reporting a direct, β-stereoselective idosylation approach, our work brings fundamental structural insights into the conformational flexibility of idose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Serge Lavoie
- Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INRS-UQAC, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1.,Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 2B1
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20
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Smith MJ, Castañar L, Adams RW, Morris GA, Nilsson M. Giving Pure Shift NMR Spectroscopy a REST─Ultrahigh-Resolution Mixture Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12757-12761. [PMID: 36069721 PMCID: PMC9494296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most interesting problems in chemistry, biology, and pharmacy involve mixtures. However, analysis of such mixtures by NMR remains a challenge, often requiring the mixture components to be physically separated before analysis. A variety of methods have been proposed that exploit species-specific properties such as diffusion and relaxation to distinguish between the signals of different components in a mixture without the need for laborious separation. However, these methods can struggle to distinguish between components when signals overlap. Here, we exploit the relaxation properties of selected nuclei to distinguish between different components of a mixture while using pure shift methods to increase spectral resolution by up to an order of magnitude, greatly reducing signal overlap. The advantages of the new method are demonstrated in a mixture of d-xylose and l-arabinose, distinguishing unambiguously between the five major species present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Laura Castañar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ralph W Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gareth A Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Mathias Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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21
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Mizukoshi H, Kimura K, Ikemura H, Mori Y, Nagaoka M. Structural determination of the cell wall polysaccharide LCPS-1 in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota YIT 9029. Carbohydr Res 2022; 521:108670. [PMID: 36103733 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The neutral polysaccharides LCPS-1 and LCPS-2 play functional roles in the cell wall of the lactic acid bacterium Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota YIT 9029 (LcS; formerly Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota YIT 9029), which has long been used as a probiotic food product. Studies have shown that LCPS-1 is associated with the immunomodulatory functions of LcS. We hypothesized that the structure of LCPS-1 is crucial for elucidating the mechanism of action of LcS on host immune responses and aimed to solve the undetermined primary structure of LCPS-1. Our results showed that LCPS-1 has a molecular weight of >400 kDa and is composed of Glc, Rha, Gal, and GlcNAc, with a repeating structure. Using limited degradation reactions, including controlled Smith and deamination degradations, we obtained key fragments with low molecular weight. Subsequently, their structures were analyzed using NMR spectra and other analytical techniques. Further, we integrated the results for each key fragment to derive the complete structure of LCPS-1. Our results indicated that the most probable structure of LCPS-1 is composed of two types of units (X, Y), each with a basic structure of seven sugars in which the C2-position of Rha is substituted with an acetyl group. The structure of X is {6[Glcβ1-2] Galα1-3[2-OAc] Rhaβ1-4Glcβ1-4[Rhaα1-3] [Glcα1-6] Glcβ1-} and that of Y is {6[Glcβ1-2] Galα1-3[2-OAc] Rhaβ1-4Glcβ1-4[Rhaα1-3] [Glcα1-6)] GlcNAcβ1-}, which can be expressed as (X6Y12)n. In this study, we identified the primary structure of LCPS-1, and our results may enable an improved understanding of the immunomodulatory abilities of LcS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Mizukoshi
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Kimura
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Haruo Ikemura
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Masato Nagaoka
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, 5-11 Izumi Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
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22
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Detailed Structural Analysis of the Immunoregulatory Polysaccharides from the Mycobacterium Bovis BCG. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175691. [PMID: 36080458 PMCID: PMC9458083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin polysaccharide and nucleic acid (BCG-PSN), extracted from Mycobacterium bovis, is an immunoregulatory medicine commonly used in clinic. However, the structural characteristics and potential pharmacological efficacy of the polysaccharides from BCG-PSN remain unclear. Herein, two polysaccharides (BCG-1 and BCG-2) were purified and their structures were characterized. Monosaccharide composition analysis combined with methylation analysis and NMR data indicated that BCG-1 and BCG-2 were an α-D-(1→4)-mannan with (1→2)-linked branches, and an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with (1→6)-linked branches, respectively. Herein, the mannan from BCG-PSN was first reported. Bioactivity assays showed that BCG-1 and BCG-2 dose-dependently and potently increased the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), as well as their mRNA expressions in RAW264.7 cells; both have similar or stronger effects compared with BCG-PSN injection. These data suggest that BCG-1 and BCG-2 are very likely the active ingredients of BCG-PSN.
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23
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Huynh HT, Tsai ST, Hsu PJ, Biswas A, Phan HT, Kuo JL, Ni CK, Chiu CC. Collision-induced dissociation of Na +-tagged ketohexoses: experimental and computational studies on fructose. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20856-20866. [PMID: 36043336 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID-MSn) and computational investigation at the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory have been employed to study Na+-tagged fructose, an example of a ketohexose featuring four cyclic isomers: α-fructofuranose (αFruf), β-fructofuranose (βFruf), α-fructopyranose (αFrup), and β-fructopyranose (βFrup). The four isomers can be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and they show different mass spectra, indicating that CID-MSn can distinguish the different fructose forms. Based on a simulation using a micro-kinetic model, we have obtained an overview of the mechanisms for the different dissociation pathways. It has been demonstrated that the preference for the C-C cleavage over the competing isomerization of linear fructose is the main reason for the previously reported differences between the CID-MS spectra of aldohexoses and ketohexoses. In addition, the kinetic modeling helped to confirm the assignment of the different measured mass spectra to the different fructose isomers. The previously reported assignment based on the peak intensities in the HPLC chromatogram had left some open questions as the preference for the dehydration channels did not always follow trends previously observed for aldohexoses. Setting up the kinetic model further enabled us to directly compare the computational and experimental results, which indicated that the model can reproduce most trends in the differences between the dissociation pathways of the four cyclic fructose isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Thi Huynh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Anik Biswas
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Huu Trong Phan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology (NTU-MST), National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kung Ni
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chau Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan. .,Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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24
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Separation of Monosaccharide Anomers on Photo-Click Cysteine-Based Stationary Phase: The α/β Interconversion Process Studied by Dynamic Hydrophilic Liquid Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the separation of reducing sugars can typically show three possible typologies of chromatographic profiles (i.e., single peak, two resolved peaks and two peaks interconnected by a plateau) due to the rate at which the relevant α/β anomers interconversion (anomerization) can take place in relation to their elution-time. By analyzing these chromatographic profiles, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of anomerization phenomenon can be extrapolated. In this work we studied the anomerization of some monosaccharides by using a recently developed photo-click cysteine-based stationary phase through dynamic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (D-HILIC) conditions. In the 5–25 °C temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers were found to achieve values within the interval 21.1/22.2 kcal/mol for glucose, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.4 kcal/mol. For xylose, in the same temperature range, the ΔG#α→β and ΔG#β→α barriers are between 20.7 to 21.5 kcal/mol, with differences between α→β and β→α reactions of about 0.2 kcal/mol. The experimental data are in agreement with those reported in literature, confirming the this new stationary phase using HILIC conditions is a robust platform to measure kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the isomerization reaction.
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25
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Mukherjee S, Jana S, Khawas S, Kicuntod J, Marschall M, Ray B, Ray S. Synthesis, molecular features and biological activities of modified plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Smart IM-MS and NMR study of natural diastereomers: the study case of the essential oil from Senecio transiens. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6695-6705. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fels L, Bunzel M. Application of accelerated heteronuclear single quantum coherence experiments to the rapid quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in dairy products. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:692-701. [PMID: 35102606 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important dietary components, but if insufficiently metabolized by some population subgroups, they are also linked to disease patterns. Thus, the correct analytical identification, quantification, and labeling of these food components are crucial to inform and potentially protect consumers. Enzymatic assays and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection are established methods for the quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides that, however, require long measuring times (60-180 min). Accelerated methods for the identification and quantification of the nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose were therefore developed. To realize this goal, the NMR experiments HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization (ASAP)-HSQC were applied. Measurement times were reduced to 27 and 6 min, respectively, by optimizing the interscan delay and applying non-uniform sampling. The optimized methods were used to quantify d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, and lactose in various dairy products. Results of the HSQC and ASAP-HSQC methods are equivalent to the results of the reference methods in terms of both precision and accuracy, demonstrating that these methods can be used to correctly analyze nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides in short times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fels
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Fels L, Ruf F, Bunzel M. Quantification of Isomaltulose in Food Products by Using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence NMR-Experiments. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928102. [PMID: 35832046 PMCID: PMC9271938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a commonly used sweetener in sports nutrition and in products intended for consumption by diabetics. Because previously established chromatographic methods for quantification of isomaltulose suffer from long analysis times (60–210 min), faster quantitative approaches are required. Here, an HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) experiment with reduced interscan delay was established in order to quantify isomaltulose next to potential additional sugars such as d-glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose in 53 min. By using HSQC coupled to non-uniform sampling (NUS) as well as ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization), analysis times were reduced to a few minutes. Application of NUS-HSQC with reduced interscan delay takes 27 min, resulting in accurate and precise data. In principle, application of ASAP-HSQC approaches (with analysis times as low as 6 min) can be used; however, precision data may not suffice all applications.
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Santos RA, Pinto DC, Silva AM. NMR Structural Characterization of Oxygen Heterocyclic Compounds. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Banerjee A, Mohammed Breig SJ, Gómez A, Sánchez-Arévalo I, González-Faune P, Sarkar S, Bandopadhyay R, Vuree S, Cornejo J, Tapia J, Bravo G, Cabrera-Barjas G. Optimization and Characterization of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from Bacillus haynesii CamB6 for Food Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060834. [PMID: 35740959 PMCID: PMC9221024 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms often produce novel bioactive compounds to survive under harsh environmental conditions. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), a constitutive part of bacterial biofilm, are functional biopolymers that act as a protecting sheath to the extremophilic bacteria and are of high industrial value. In this study, we elucidate a new EPS produced by thermophilic Bacillus haynesii CamB6 from a slightly acidic (pH 5.82) Campanario hot spring (56.4 °C) located in the Central Andean Mountains of Chile. Physicochemical properties of the EPS were characterized by different techniques: Scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The EPS demonstrated amorphous surface roughness composed of evenly distributed macromolecular lumps. GPC and HPLC analysis showed that the EPS is a low molecular weight heteropolymer composed of mannose (66%), glucose (20%), and galactose (14%). FTIR analysis demonstrated the polysaccharide nature (–OH groups, Acetyl groups, and pyranosic ring structure) and the presence of different glycosidic linkages among sugar residues, which was further confirmed by NMR spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, D-mannose α-(1→2) and α-(1→4) linkages prevail in the CamB6 EPS structure. TGA revealed the high thermal stability (240 °C) of the polysaccharide. The functional properties of the EPS were evaluated for food industry applications, specifically as an antioxidant and for its emulsification, water-holding (WHC), oil-holding (OHC), and flocculation capacities. The results suggest that the study EPS can be a useful additive for the food-processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (G.C.-B.)
| | - Sura Jasem Mohammed Breig
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-khawarizmi Collage of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
| | - Aleydis Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Arévalo
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile; (I.S.-A.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Patricio González-Faune
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile; (I.S.-A.); (P.G.-F.)
| | - Shrabana Sarkar
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile;
- UGC Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India;
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- UGC Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, India;
| | - Sugunakar Vuree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Jorge Cornejo
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jaime Tapia
- Institute of Chemistry and Natural Resources, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Gaston Bravo
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 3349001, Chile;
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 3349001, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (G.C.-B.)
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31
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Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Chinese yam by a cellulase-assisted method. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of a Purified Polysaccharide Extracted from Ceratonia siliqua L. and Its Involvement in the Enhancement Performance of Whipped Cream. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective discussed in this research was to determine the structural characteristics of carob kibble water-soluble polysaccharide (KWSP), extracted from Ceratonia siliqua L., and to assess its in vitro antioxidant activities, as well as its effect on whipped cream. The results obtained through 13C, 1H, and the hetero-nuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that KWSP had the characteristic bands of polysaccharides. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) suggested that KWSP is a hetero-polysaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, with an average molecular weight (Mw) amounting to 65 KDa. In addition, KWSP showed a good water holding capacity (WHC), a good oil holding capacity (OHC), and an emulsification stability, rated as 3.14 ± 0.05 g/g, 0.87 ± 0.02 g/g, and 71 ± 0.01%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of KWSP was investigated in vitro, demonstrating important DPPH and ABTS⋅+ radical scavenging activities and a good total antioxidant capacity. KWSP exhibited antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica. On the other hand, the incorporation of KWSP in whipped cream was investigated, to enhance its antioxidant capacity and consequently to extend its expiration date. Moreover, KWSP reduces the formation of conjugated dienes and trienes in cream fat.
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You J, Lee S, Tark HJ, Nang MJ, Oh JH, Choi I. Optical Detection of Copper Ions via Structural Dissociation of Plasmonic Sugar Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5521-5529. [PMID: 35344342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions are known to cause environmental pollution and several human diseases because of their inherent toxicity. Among them, Cu2+ is an essential element for the human body, but its continuous exposure and accumulation may cause adverse effects. Thus, copper ion levels in aquatic environments are strictly regulated by international standards. Herein, we demonstrate a simple optical method for detecting Cu2+ using plasmonic sugar nanoprobes (PSNs) composed of gold nanoparticles and polysaccharides. Gold precursors were reduced to nanoparticles and spontaneously embedded in the sugar-based polymeric network with the sulfated residues of carrageenan during the polymerization procedure. Owing to the abundant functional residues of PSNs and their affinity toward Cu2+, we observed the Cu2+-mediated preferential dissociation of the PSNs, resulting in absorbance spectral shifts and scattering shifts of the PSNs. Based on these plasmon band shifts, Cu2+ below the EPA regulation level of 20 μM can be easily detected by the optimized experimental condition. Additionally, the reaction mechanism between the PSNs and Cu2+ was elucidated by indepth spectroscopic analyses, which revealed that the increased binding of Cu2+ to the sulfate groups in the PSNs induces the eventual decomposition of the PSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun You
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Tark
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Nang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Oh
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, 163 Siripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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Belakhov VV, Boikova IV, Krasnobaeva IL, Kolodyaznaya VA. Preparation and Insecticidal Activity of the First Organofluorine Insecticide Based on β-D-Ribofuranoside Monosaccharide. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221130181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Furevi A, Ruda A, Angles d’Ortoli T, Mobarak H, Ståhle J, Hamark C, Fontana C, Engström O, Apostolica P, Widmalm G. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-to tetrasaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of oligo- and polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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36
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Bharadwaj VS, Westawker LP, Crowley MF. Towards Elucidating Structure–Spectra Relationships in Rhamnogalacturonan II: Computational Protocols for Accurate 13C and 1H Shifts for Apiose and Its Borate Esters. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:756219. [PMID: 35141275 PMCID: PMC8820409 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.756219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apiose is a naturally occurring, uncommon branched-chain pentose found in plant cell walls as part of the complex polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). The structural elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of RG-II by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is significantly complicated by the ability of apiose to cross-link via borate ester linkages to form RG-II dimers. Here, we developed a computational approach to gain insight into the structure–spectra relationships of apio–borate complexes in an effort to complement experimental assignments of NMR signals in RG-II. Our protocol involved structure optimizations using density functional theory (DFT) followed by isotropic magnetic shielding constant calculations using the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) approach to predict chemical shifts. We evaluated the accuracy of 23 different functional–basis set (FBS) combinations with and without implicit solvation for predicting the experimental 1H and 13C shifts of a methyl apioside and its three borate derivatives. The computed NMR predictions were evaluated on the basis of the overall shift accuracy, relative shift ordering, and the ability to distinguish between dimers and monomers. We demonstrate that the consideration of implicit solvation during geometry optimizations in addition to the magnetic shielding constant calculations greatly increases the accuracy of NMR chemical shift predictions and can correctly reproduce the ordering of the 13C shifts and yield predictions that are, on average, within 1.50 ppm for 13C and 0.12 ppm for 1H shifts for apio–borate compounds.
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Santagata G, Cimmino A, Poggetto GD, Zannini D, Masi M, Emendato A, Surico G, Evidente A. Polysaccharide Based Polymers Produced by Scabby Cankered Cactus Pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Infected by Neofusicoccum batangarum: Composition, Structure, and Chemico-Physical Properties. Biomolecules 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35053237 PMCID: PMC8773635 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neofusiccocum batangarum is the causal agent of scabby canker of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). The symptoms of this disease are characterized by crusty, perennial cankers, with a leathery, brown halo. Characteristically, a viscous polysaccharide exudate, caking on contact with air, leaks from cankers and forms strips or cerebriform masses on the surface of cactus pear cladodes. When this polysaccharide mass was partial purified, surprisingly, generated a gel. The TLC analysis and the HPLC profile of methyl 2-(polyhydroxyalkyl)-3-(o-tolylthiocarbomoyl)-thiazolidine-4R-carboxylates obtained from the mixture of monosaccharides produced by acid hydrolysis of the three EPSs examined in this research work [the polysaccharide component of the exudate (EPSC) and the EPSs extracted from asymptomatic (EPSH) and symptomatic (EPSD) cladodes] showed the presence of d-galactose, l-rhamnose, and d-glucose in a 1:1:0.5 ratio in EPSC while d-galactose, l-rhamnose, d-glucose, and d-xylose at the same ratio were observed in EPSH and EPSD. The presence of uronic acid residues in EPSC was also showed by solid state NMR and IR investigation. Furthermore, this manuscript reports the chemical-physical characterization of the gel produced by the infected cactus pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santagata
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Domenico Zannini
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Comprensorio “A. Olivetti”, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (G.D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Alessandro Emendato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.E.)
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Palivec V, Johannessen C, Kaminský J, Martinez-Seara H. Use of Raman and Raman optical activity to extract atomistic details of saccharides in aqueous solution. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009678. [PMID: 35051172 PMCID: PMC8806073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars are crucial components in biosystems and industrial applications. In aqueous environments, the natural state of short saccharides or charged glycosaminoglycans is floating and wiggling in solution. Therefore, tools to characterize their structure in a native aqueous environment are crucial but not always available. Here, we show that a combination of Raman/ROA and, on occasions, NMR experiments with Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Quantum Mechanics (QM) is a viable method to gain insights into structural features of sugars in solutions. Combining these methods provides information about accessible ring puckering conformers and their proportions. It also provides information about the conformation of the linkage between the sugar monomers, i.e., glycosidic bonds, allowing for identifying significantly accessible conformers and their relative abundance. For mixtures of sugar moieties, this method enables the deconvolution of the Raman/ROA spectra to find the actual amounts of its molecular constituents, serving as an effective analytical technique. For example, it allows calculating anomeric ratios for reducing sugars and analyzing more complex sugar mixtures to elucidate their real content. Altogether, we show that combining Raman/ROA spectroscopies with simulations is a versatile method applicable to saccharides. It allows for accessing many features with precision comparable to other methods routinely used for this task, making it a viable alternative. Furthermore, we prove that the proposed technique can scale up by studying the complicated raffinose trisaccharide, and therefore, we expect its wide adoption to characterize sugar structural features in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Palivec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jakub Kaminský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hector Martinez-Seara
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Singh R, Dhiman M, Saklani A, Immanuel Selvaraj C, Kate AS. Isolation and characterization of a novel flavanone glycoside from an endemic plant Haplanthodes neilgherryensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:96-101. [PMID: 33555214 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1880394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical characterization study of an endemic plant, Haplanthodes neilgherryensisis (Wight) R.B. Majumdar from Western Ghats of India, resulted in to the isolation of a new flavanone glycoside, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2S-flavanone (1), along with 3 known flavonoids, 7-O-methyl dihydrowogonin (2), 7-O-methyl wogonin (3), andrographidine C (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated by using 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRMS experimental data, while for the known compounds, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry data were compared with the reported literature. Compound 1 was tested in vitro to check the improvement in uptake of glucose by the L6 rat skeletal muscle tissues and the observed EC50 value was 5.8 µM, while rosiglitazone showed EC50 of 2.7 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Singh
- Natural Products-Botany, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mini Dhiman
- Natural Products-Bioactivity Lab, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Arvind Saklani
- Natural Products-Botany, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - C Immanuel Selvaraj
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- Natural Products-Bioactivity Lab, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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40
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Cao F, Liang M, Liu J, Liu Y, Renye JA, Qi PX, Ren D. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide (EPS-3A) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01 isolated from traditional yak yogurt. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1331-1343. [PMID: 34673108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yak yogurt, one of the naturally fermented dairy products prepared by local herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, contains a diverse array of microorganisms. We isolated and identified a novel Streptococcus thermophilus strain, ZJUIDS-2-01, from the traditional yak yogurt. We further purified and carried out detailed structural, physiochemical, and bioactivity studies of an exopolysaccharide (EPS-3A) produced by S. thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of EPS-3A was estimated to be 1.38 × 106 Da by High-Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC). The monosaccharide analysis established its composition to be glucose, galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and rhamnose in a ratio of 5.2:2.5:6.4:1.0. The molecular structure of EPS-3A was determined by the combination of permethylation analysis, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The ζ-potential measurements indicated that EPS-3A had a pKa value of ~4.40. The DSC yielded a melting point (Tm) of 80.4 °C and enthalpy change (ΔH) of 578 J/g for EPS-3A, comparable to those of the xanthan gum (XG), a commercial EPS. EPS-3A exhibited better O/W emulsion stability and flocculating capacity than XG. Furthermore, it also demonstrated similar antioxidant activity to XG and promising in vitro antibacterial properties. This work evidenced that EPS-3A derived from S. thermophilus ZJUIDS-2-01 holds the potential for food and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiwei Cao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - John A Renye
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Phoebe X Qi
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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41
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Gabrielli V, Muñoz-García JC, Pergolizzi G, de Andrade P, Khimyak YZ, Field RA, Angulo J. Molecular Recognition of Natural and Non-Natural Substrates by Cellodextrin Phosphorylase from Ruminiclostridium Thermocellum Investigated by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2021; 27:15688-15698. [PMID: 34436794 PMCID: PMC9293210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β‐1→4‐Glucan polysaccharides like cellulose, derivatives and analogues, are attracting attention due to their unique physicochemical properties, as ideal candidates for many different applications in biotechnology. Access to these polysaccharides with a high level of purity at scale is still challenging, and eco‐friendly alternatives by using enzymes in vitro are highly desirable. One prominent candidate enzyme is cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum, which is able to yield cellulose oligomers from short cellodextrins and α‐d‐glucose 1‐phosphate (Glc‐1‐P) as substrates. Remarkably, its broad specificity towards donors and acceptors allows the generation of highly diverse cellulose‐based structures to produce novel materials. However, to fully exploit this CDP broad specificity, a detailed understanding of the molecular recognition of substrates by this enzyme in solution is needed. Herein, we provide a detailed investigation of the molecular recognition of ligands by CDP in solution by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy, tr‐NOESY and protein‐ligand docking. Our results, discussed in the context of previous reaction kinetics data in the literature, allow a better understanding of the structural basis of the broad binding specificity of this biotechnologically relevant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gabrielli
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK.,Present address, Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TH, UK.,Present address, Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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42
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Davidova IA, Lenhart TR, Nanny MA, Suflita JM. Composition and Corrosivity of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from the Hydrocarbon-Degrading Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091994. [PMID: 34576889 PMCID: PMC8471882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) often exist as cell aggregates and in biofilms surrounded by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The chemical composition of EPSs may facilitate hydrophobic substrate biodegradation and promote microbial influenced corrosion (MIC). Although EPSs from non-hydrocarbon-degrading SRB have been studied; the chemical composition of EPSs from hydrocarbon-degrading SRBs has not been reported. The isolated EPSs from the sulfate-reducing alkane-degrading bacterium Desulfoglaeba alkanexedens ALDC was characterized with scanning and fluorescent microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and by colorimetric chemical assays. Specific fluorescent staining and 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the fundamental chemical structure of the EPS produced by D. alkanexedens is composed of pyranose polysaccharide and cyclopentanone in a 2:1 ratio. NMR analyses indicated that the pyranose ring structure is bonded by 1,4 connections with the cyclopentanone directly bonded to one pyranose ring. The presence of cyclopentanone presumably increases the hydrophobicity of the EPS that may facilitate the accessibility of hydrocarbon substrates to aggregating cells or cells in a biofilm. Weight loss and iron dissolution experiments demonstrated that the EPS did not contribute to the corrosivity of D. alkanexedens cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Davidova
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (I.A.D.); (T.R.L.)
| | - Tiffany R. Lenhart
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (I.A.D.); (T.R.L.)
| | - Mark A. Nanny
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Suflita
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (I.A.D.); (T.R.L.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Kizhakedathil MPJ, Belur PD, Wongsagonsup R, Suphantharika M, Agoo EMG, Janairo JIB. Evaluation of Enzymatic and Chemical Treatments to Produce Oxalate Depleted Starch from a Novel Variety of
Colocasia esculenta
Grown in Joida, India. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moni Philip Jacob Kizhakedathil
- Department of Chemical Engineering Surathkal National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Prasanna D. Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering Surathkal National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Srinivasanagar Mangalore 575 025 India
| | - Rungtiwa Wongsagonsup
- Division of Food Technology Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Saiyok Kanchanaburi 71150 Thailand
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44
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Jega AY, Abdullahi MI, Musa AM, Kaita HA, Mzozoyana V, Emmanuel AA. Biochemical evaluation and molecular docking assessment of glucosamines from Neocarya macrophylla fruits against Naja nigricollis venom. Carbohydr Res 2021; 509:108436. [PMID: 34507178 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new glucosamines, Microphyllose A and B were isolated from the chloroform fraction of Neocarya macrophylla fruit using flash column chromatography. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical tests and the analysis of their spectral data (IR, 1D- & 2D-NMR). The compounds have demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antivenom activity against Naja nigricollis venom with 60 and 80% protection, respectively. When subjected to molecular docking, the compounds have demonstrated different binding affinities against three toxins (phospholipase A2, neurotoxin and cardiotoxin) from Naja nigricollis venom and they were further screened for ADMET analysis based on Lipinski's and Veber's rule and the compounds have failed absorptivity for oral medications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and molecular docking analysis of these compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Yusuf Jega
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Musa Ismail Abdullahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu M Musa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Haruna A Kaita
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Vuyisa Mzozoyana
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adegboyega Abayomi Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
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45
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Saravanakumar K, Park S, Sathiyaseelan A, Mariadoss AVA, Park S, Kim SJ, Wang MH. Isolation of Polysaccharides from Trichoderma harzianum with Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Enzyme Inhibition Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1372. [PMID: 34573005 PMCID: PMC8471597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a total of six polysaccharides were isolated from culture filtrate (EPS1, EPS2) and mycelia (IPS1-IPS4) of Trichoderma harzianum. The HPLC analysis results showed that EPS1, EPS2, IPS1, and IPS2 were composed of mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR chemical shifts confirmed that the signals in EPS1 mainly consist of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose. EPS1 and IPS1 showed a smooth and clean surface, while EPS2, IPS2, and IPS3 exhibited a microporous structure. Among polysaccharides, EPS1 displayed higher ABTS+ (47.09 ± 2.25% and DPPH (26.44 ± 0.12%) scavenging activities, as well as higher α-amylase (69.30 ± 1.28%) and α-glucosidase (68.22 ± 0.64%) inhibition activity than the other polysaccharides. EPS1 exhibited high cytotoxicity to MDA-MB293 cells, with an IC50 of 0.437 mg/mL, and this was also confirmed by cell staining and FACS assays. These results report the physicochemical and bioactive properties of polysaccharides from T. harzianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Bio Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss
- Department of Bio Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Bio Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Seong-Jung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si 24949, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (K.S.); (A.S.); (A.V.A.M.); (S.P.)
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46
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Harvey MR, Chiodo F, Noest W, Hokke CH, van der Marel GA, Codée JD. Synthesis and Antibody Binding Studies of Schistosome-Derived Oligo-α-(1-2)-l-Fucosides. Molecules 2021; 26:2246. [PMID: 33924587 PMCID: PMC8068878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is caused by blood-dwelling parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma and is classified by the WHO as the second most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease, second only to malaria. Schistosoma expresses a complex array of glycans as part of glycoproteins and glycolipids that can be targeted by both the adaptive and the innate part of the immune system. Some of these glycans can be used for diagnostic purposes. A subgroup of schistosome glycans is decorated with unique α-(1-2)-fucosides and it has been shown that these often multi-fucosylated fragments are prime targets for antibodies generated during infection. Since these α-(1-2)-fucosides cannot be obtained in sufficient purity from biological sources, we set out to develop an effective route of synthesis towards α-(1-2)-oligofucosides of varying length. Here we describe the exploration of two different approaches, starting from either end of the fucose chains. The oligosaccharides have been attached to gold nanoparticles and used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and a microarray format to probe antibody binding. We show that binding to the oligofucosides of antibodies in sera of infected people depends on the length of the oligofucose chains, with the largest glycans showing most binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Harvey
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter Noest
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
| | - Jeroen D.C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.H.); (F.C.); (W.N.); (G.A.v.d.M.)
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47
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Bhavaraju S, Taylor D, Niemitz M, Lankin DC, Bzhelyansky A, Giancaspro GI, Liu Y, Pauli GF. NMR-Based Quantum Mechanical Analysis Builds Trust and Orthogonality in Structural Analysis: The Case of a Bisdesmosidic Triglycoside as Withania somnifera Aerial Parts Marker. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:836-845. [PMID: 33625215 PMCID: PMC8049857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the relationship between conventional and quantum mechanical (QM) NMR spectroscopic analyses, shown here to assist in building a convincingly orthogonal platform for the solution and documentation of demanding structures. Kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-glucoside, a bisdesmosidic flavonol triglycoside and botanical marker for the aerial parts of Withania somnifera, served as an exemplary case. As demonstrated, QM-based 1H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA) advances the understanding of both individual nuclear resonance spin patterns and the entire 1H NMR spectrum of a molecule and establishes structurally determinant, numerical HiFSA profiles. The combination of HiFSA with regular 1D 1H NMR spectra allows for simplified yet specific identification tests via comparison of high-quality experimental with QM-calculated spectra. HiFSA accounts for all features encountered in 1H NMR spectra: nonlinear high-order effects, complex multiplets, and their usually overlapped signals. As HiFSA replicates spectrum patterns from field-independent parameters with high accuracy, this methodology can be ported to low-field NMR instruments (40-100 MHz). With its reliance on experimental NMR evidence, the QM approach builds up confidence in structural characterization and potentially reduces identity analyses to simple 1D 1H NMR experiments. This approach may lead to efficient implementation of conclusive identification tests in pharmacopeial and regulatory analyses: from simple organics to complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaram Bhavaraju
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - David Taylor
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | | | - David C Lankin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Anton Bzhelyansky
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Gabriel I Giancaspro
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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48
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Liou SW, Fang JL, Lin HW, Tsai TW, Huang HH, Liang CY, Yang CR, Wei GT, Yu CC. Effective Separation of Human Milk Glycosides using Carbon Dioxide Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:492-497. [PMID: 33417290 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate purification remains problematic due to the intrinsic diversity of structural isomers present in nature. Although liquid chromatography-based techniques are suitable for analyzing or preparing most glycan structures acquired either from natural sources or through chemical or enzymatic synthesis, the separation of regioisomers or linkage isomers with a clear resolution remains challenging. Herein, a carbon dioxide supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was devised to resolve 18 human milk glycosides: oligomers (disaccharides to hexasaccharides), fucosylated regioisomers (lacto-N-fucopentaose I, III, and V; lacto-N-neofucopentaose V; lacto-N-difucohexaose III; blood group H1 antigen; and TF-LNnT), and connectivity isomers (lacto-N-tetraose/lacto-N-neotetraose and para-lacto-N-hexaose/para-lacto-N-neohexaose/type-1 hexasaccharide). The analysis of these glycosides represents a major limitation associated with conventional carbohydrate analysis. The unprecedented resolution achieved by the SFC method indicates the suitability of this key technology for revealing complex human milk glycomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Liou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruel Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Guor-Tzo Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan
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49
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Kalita M, Villanueva-Meyer J, Ohkawa Y, Kalyanaraman C, Chen K, Mohamed E, Parker MFL, Jacobson MP, Phillips JJ, Evans MJ, Wilson DM. Synthesis and Screening of α-Xylosides in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:451-460. [PMID: 33315406 PMCID: PMC8483608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate decorate all mammalian cell surfaces. These mucopolysaccharides act as coreceptors for extracellular ligands, regulating cell signaling, growth, proliferation, and adhesion. In glioblastoma, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor, dysregulated GAG biosynthesis results in altered chain length, sulfation patterns, and the ratio of contributing monosaccharides. These events contribute to the loss of normal cellular function, initiating and sustaining malignant growth. Disruption of the aberrant cell surface GAGs with small molecule inhibitors of GAG biosynthetic enzymes is a potential therapeutic approach to blocking the rogue signaling and proliferation in glioma, including glioblastoma. Previously, 4-azido-xylose-α-UDP sugar inhibited both xylosyltransferase (XYLT-1) and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase-7 (β-GALT-7)-the first and second enzymes of GAG biosynthesis-when microinjected into a cell. In another study, 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-β-xylosides inhibited β-GALT-7 at 1 mM concentration in vitro. In this work, we seek to solve the enduring problem of drug delivery to human glioma cells at low concentrations. We developed a library of hydrophobic, presumed prodrugs 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-2,3-dibenzoyl-(α- or β-) xylosides and their corresponding hydrophilic inhibitors of XYLT-1 and β-GALT-7 enzymes. The prodrugs were designed to be activatable by carboxylesterase enzymes overexpressed in glioblastoma. Using a colorimetric MTT assay in human glioblastoma cell lines, we identified a prodrug-drug pair (4-nitrophenyl-α-xylosides) as lead drug candidates. The candidates arrest U251 cell growth at an IC50 = 380 nM (prodrug), 122 μM (drug), and U87 cells at IC50 = 10.57 μM (prodrug). Molecular docking studies were consistent with preferred binding of the α- versus β-nitro xyloside conformer to XYLT-1 and β-GALT-7 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Javier Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Katharine Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Matthew F L Parker
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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50
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Knaack W, Hölzl G, Gisch N. Structural Analysis of Glycosylglycerolipids Using NMR Spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2295:249-272. [PMID: 34047981 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1362-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylglycerolipids are essential components of plant and bacterial membranes. These lipids exert central roles in physiological processes such as photosynthesis in plants or to maintain membrane stability in bacteria. They are composed of a glycerol backbone esterified with two fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, and carbohydrate moieties connected via a glycosidic bond at the sn-3 position. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a state-of-the-art technique to determine the nature of the bound carbohydrates as well as their anomeric configurations. Here we describe the analysis of intact glycosylglycerolipids by NMR spectroscopy to determine structural details of their sugar head groups without the need of chemical derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Knaack
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Georg Hölzl
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
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