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Göransson S, Strömblad S. Regulation of protein synthesis and stability by mechanical cues and its implications in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102304. [PMID: 38113713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tissue stiffness is a common feature of many solid tumors and the downstream mechanical signaling affects many cellular processes and contributes to cancer progression. Significant progress has been made in understanding how the mechanical properties of the matrix affect cancer cell behavior as well as transcription. However, how the same mechanical cues impact protein synthesis and stability and how this may contribute to disease is less well understood. Here, we present emerging evidence that cancer progression is frequently supported by gene regulation acting beyond the mRNA level and highlight some of the known crosstalk between this type of regulation and mechanotransduction in cancer as well as in other contexts. We suggest that future systematic approaches to define mechanosensitive translatomes and proteomes and how these are controlled may provide novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Göransson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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2
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Tiong TY, Chan ML, Wang CH, Yadav VK, Pikatan NW, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Kuo KT, Huang WC. Exosomal miR-21 determines lung-to-brain metastasis specificity through the DGKB/ERK axis within the tumor microenvironment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121945. [PMID: 37454756 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis affects 20-40 % of lung cancer patients, severely diminishing their quality of life. This research focuses on miR-21, overexpressed in these patients and inversely associated with DGKB in the ERK/STAT3 pathway, suggesting a dysregulated pathway with therapeutic potential. AIMS The objective was to investigate miR-21's role in lung cancer patients with brain metastases and whether targeting this pathway could improve treatment outcomes. We also examined the miR-21 content in tumor spheres-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their influence on ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor spheres were created from metastatic lung cancer cells. We studied miR-21 levels in these spheres, their impact on macrophage polarization, and the transition of nonmetastatic lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we analyzed miR-21 content in EVs derived from these spheres and their effect on ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis potential. KEY FINDINGS We found tumor spheres had high miR-21 levels, promoting macrophage polarization and, epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These spheres-derived EVs, enriched with miR-21, accelerated ERK/STAT3 signaling and metastasis. Silencing miR-21 and inhibiting ERK signaling with ulixertinib notably mitigated these effects. Moreover, ulixertinib reduced brain metastasis incidence and increased survival in a mouse model and led to reduced tumor sphere generation and miR-21 levels in EVs. SIGNIFICANCE Our study highlights the exacerbation of lung-to-brain metastasis via miR-21-rich EV secretion. This underlines the therapeutic promise of targeting the miR-21/ERK/STAT3 pathway with ulixertinib for managing brain metastasis from lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Yu Tiong
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Vijesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Narpati Wesa Pikatan
- Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan; Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications, College of Science and Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
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3
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Lapcik P, Sulc P, Janacova L, Jilkova K, Potesil D, Bouchalova P, Müller P, Bouchal P. Desmocollin-1 is associated with pro-metastatic phenotype of luminal A breast cancer cells and is modulated by parthenolide. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:68. [PMID: 37620794 PMCID: PMC10464112 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmocollin-1 (DSC1) is a desmosomal transmembrane glycoprotein that maintains cell-to-cell adhesion. DSC1 was previously associated with lymph node metastasis of luminal A breast tumors and was found to increase migration and invasion of MCF7 cells in vitro. Therefore, we focused on DSC1 role in cellular and molecular mechanisms in luminal A breast cancer and its possible therapeutic modulation. METHODS Western blotting was used to select potential inhibitor decreasing DSC1 protein level in MCF7 cell line. Using atomic force microscopy we evaluated effect of DSC1 overexpression and modulation on cell morphology. The LC-MS/MS analysis of total proteome on Orbitrap Lumos and RNA-Seq analysis of total transcriptome on Illumina NextSeq 500 were performed to study the molecular mechanisms associated with DSC1. Pull-down analysis with LC-MS/MS detection was carried out to uncover DSC1 protein interactome in MCF7 cells. RESULTS Analysis of DSC1 protein levels in response to selected inhibitors displays significant DSC1 downregulation (p-value ≤ 0.01) in MCF7 cells treated with NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide. Analysis of mechanic cell properties in response to DSC1 overexpression and parthenolide treatment using atomic force microscopy reveals that DSC1 overexpression reduces height of MCF7 cells and conversely, parthenolide decreases cell stiffness of MCF7 cells overexpressing DSC1. The LC-MS/MS total proteome analysis in data-independent acquisition mode shows a strong connection between DSC1 overexpression and increased levels of proteins LACRT and IGFBP5, increased expression of IGFBP5 is confirmed by RNA-Seq. Pathway analysis of proteomics data uncovers enrichment of proliferative MCM_BIOCARTA pathway including CDK2 and MCM2-7 after DSC1 overexpression. Parthenolide decreases expression of LACRT, IGFBP5 and MCM_BIOCARTA pathway specifically in DSC1 overexpressing cells. Pull-down assay identifies DSC1 interactions with cadherin family proteins including DSG2, CDH1, CDH3 and tyrosine kinase receptors HER2 and HER3; parthenolide modulates DSC1-HER3 interaction. CONCLUSIONS Our systems biology data indicate that DSC1 is connected to mechanisms of cell cycle regulation in luminal A breast cancer cells, and can be effectively modulated by parthenolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sulc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Janacova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jilkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bouchalova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Müller
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, RECAMO, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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4
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Arena GO, Forte S, Abdouh M, Vanier C, Corbeil D, Lorico A. Horizontal Transfer of Malignant Traits and the Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1566. [PMID: 37371036 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are responsible for the vast majority of cancer deaths, yet most therapeutic efforts have focused on targeting and interrupting tumor growth rather than impairing the metastatic process. Traditionally, cancer metastasis is attributed to the dissemination of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor to distant organs through blood and lymphatic circulation. A thorough understanding of the metastatic process is essential to develop new therapeutic strategies that improve cancer survival. Since Paget's original description of the "Seed and Soil" hypothesis over a hundred years ago, alternative theories and new players have been proposed. In particular, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cancer cells and their uptake by neighboring cells or at distinct anatomical sites has been explored. Here, we will outline and discuss these alternative theories and emphasize the horizontal transfer of EV-associated biomolecules as a possibly major event leading to cell transformation and the induction of metastases. We will also highlight the recently discovered intracellular pathway used by EVs to deliver their cargoes into the nucleus of recipient cells, which is a potential target for novel anti-metastatic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goffredo O Arena
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Cheryl Vanier
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
- Touro University Nevada College of Medicine, Henderson, NV 89014, USA
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5
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Göransson S, Chen S, Olofsson H, Larsson O, Strömblad S. An extracellular matrix stiffness-induced breast cancer cell transcriptome resembles the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 654:73-79. [PMID: 36893606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying mechanisms driving the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer remains a challenge in breast cancer research. Breast cancer progression is accompanied by remodelling and stiffening of the extracellular matrix, leading to increased proliferation, survival, and migration. Here, we studied stiffness-dependent phenotypes in MCF10CA1a (CA1a) breast cancer cells cultured on hydrogels with stiffness corresponding to normal breast and breast cancer. This revealed a stiffness-associated morphology consistent with acquisition of an invasive phenotype in breast cancer cells. Surprisingly, this strong phenotypic switch was accompanied by relatively modest transcriptome-wide alterations in mRNA levels, as independently quantified using both DNA-microarrays and bulk RNA sequencing. Strikingly, however, the stiffness-dependent alterations in mRNA levels overlapped with those contrasting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This supports a role of matrix stiffness in driving the pre-invasive to invasive transition and suggests that mechanosignalling may be a target for prevention of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Göransson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Helene Olofsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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6
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Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
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7
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Albogami S. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles to identify differential prognostic factors of primary and metastatic breast cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103318. [PMID: 35677896 PMCID: PMC9168623 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for nearly half of all cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumour development and progression remain poorly understood and there is a need to identify candidate genes associated with primary and metastatic breast cancer progression and prognosis. In this study, candidate genes associated with prognosis of primary and metastatic breast cancer were explored through a novel bioinformatics approach. Primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues were evaluated to identify biomarkers characteristic of primary and metastatic breast cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas-breast invasive carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) dataset (ID: HS-01619) was downloaded using the mRNASeq platform. Genevestigator 8.3.2 was used to analyse TCGA-BRCA gene expression profiles between the sample groups and identify the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in each group. For each group, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were used to determine the function of DEGs. Networks of protein-protein interactions were constructed to identify the top hub genes with the highest degree of interaction. Additionally, the top hub genes were validated based on overall survival and immunohistochemistry using The Human Protein Atlas. Of the top 20 hub genes identified, four (KRT14, KIT, RAD51, and TTK) were considered as prognostic risk factors based on overall survival. KRT14 and KIT expression levels were upregulated while those of RAD51 and TTK were downregulated in patients with breast cancer. The four proposed candidate hub genes might aid in further understanding the molecular changes that distinguish primary breast tumours from metastatic tumours as well as help in developing novel therapeutics. Furthermore, they may serve as effective prognostic risk markers based on the strong correlation between their expression and patient overall survival.
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Key Words
- BC, breast cancer
- BP, biological process
- Breast cancer
- CC, cellular component
- CI, confidence interval
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- Differentially expressed genes
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GEPIA, gene expression profiling interactive analysis
- GO, gene ontology
- HR, hazard ratio
- IDC, infiltrating ductal carcinoma
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MCODE, molecular complex detection
- MF, molecular function
- Metastasis
- OS, overall survival
- Overall survival
- PPI, protein-protein interaction
- Prognostic marker
- Protein-protein interaction
- RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing
- STRING, search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes
- TCGA-BRCA, The Cancer Genome Atlas-breast invasive carcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou L, Jia X, Yang X. LncRNA-TUG1 promotes the progression of infantile hemangioma by regulating miR-137/IGFBP5 axis. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:50. [PMID: 34362467 PMCID: PMC8344165 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicated that lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) played essential roles in human cancers. This study aimed to investigate its function in infantile hemangioma (IH). Methods A total of 30 pairs of clinical infantile specimens were used in this study. The expression of TUG1 in IH tissues was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Two short hairpin RNA targeting TUG1 (sh-TUG1-1 and sh-TUG1-2) were transfected into hemangioma-derived endothelial cells, HemECs, to block its expression. The effects of TUG1 on HemECs were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. The underlying molecular mechanism of TUG1 was investigated by Starbase prediction and luciferase reporter assay and further determined by loss- and gain-of-function approaches. In addition, the role of TUG1 on tumorigenesis of HemECs was confirmed in an in vivo mouse model. Results TUG1 was significantly upregulated in infant hemangioma tissues compared with normal adjacent subcutaneous tissues. The loss- and gain-of-function approaches indicated that TUG1 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of HemECs in vitro, and TUG1 knockdown inhibited the tumorigenesis of HemECs in vivo. Specifically, TUG1 could compete with IGFBP5 for miR137 binding. Rescue experiments further confirmed the role of the TUG1/miR137/IGFBP5 axis in HemECs. Conclusion TUG1 was closely associated with the progression of IH by regulating the miR-137/IGFBP5 axis, which might be a potential target for IH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), No. 1 Dayun Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), No. 1 Dayun Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, 518000, People's Republic of China
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9
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Magdaleno C, House T, Pawar JS, Carvalho S, Rajasekaran N, Varadaraj A. Fibronectin assembly regulates lumen formation in breast acini. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:524-537. [PMID: 33438770 PMCID: PMC8016724 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that self-assembles into FN fibrils, forming a FN matrix contributing to the stiffness of the ECM. Stromal FN stiffness in cancer has been shown to impact epithelial functions such as migration, cancer metastasis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The role of the FN matrix of epithelial cells in driving such processes remains less well understood and is the focus of this study. Hypoxia, defined by low oxygen tension (<5%) is one of the hallmarks of tumor microenvironments impacting fibril reorganization in stromal and epithelial cells. Here, using the MCF10 breast epithelial progression series of cell lines encompassing normal, preinvasive, and invasive states, we show that FN fibril formation decreases during hypoxia, coinciding with a decrease in migratory potential of these cells. Conversely, we find that FN fibril disruption during three-dimensional acinar growth of normal breast cells resulted in acinar luminal filling. Our data also demonstrates that the luminal filling upon fibril disruption in untransformed MCF10A cells results in a loss of apicobasal polarity, characteristic of pre-invasive and invasive breast cell lines MCF10AT and MCF10 DCIS.com. Overall this is the first study that relates fibril-mediated changes in epithelial cells as critical players in lumen clearing of breast acini and maintenance of the untransformed growth characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Magdaleno
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Trenton House
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Jogendra S. Pawar
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- Present address:
Jogendra S. Pawar, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Sophia Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | | | - Archana Varadaraj
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
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Karthikeyan S, Waters IG, Dennison L, Chu D, Donaldson J, Shin DH, Rosen DM, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanchez V, Sanders ME, Pantone MV, Bergman RE, Davidson BA, Reed SC, Zabransky DJ, Cravero K, Kyker-Snowman K, Button B, Wong HY, Hurley PJ, Croessmann S, Park BH. Hierarchical tumor heterogeneity mediated by cell contact between distinct genetic subclones. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143557. [PMID: 33529175 PMCID: PMC7954606 DOI: 10.1172/jci143557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity is an important mediator of poor outcomes in many cancers, including breast cancer. Genetic subclones frequently contribute to this heterogeneity; however, their growth dynamics and interactions remain poorly understood. PIK3CA and HER2 alterations are known to coexist in breast and other cancers. Herein, we present data that describe the ability of oncogenic PIK3CA mutant cells to induce the proliferation of quiescent HER2 mutant cells through a cell contact-mediated mechanism. Interestingly, the HER2 cells proliferated to become the major subclone over PIK3CA counterparts both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this phenotype was observed in both hormone receptor-positive and -negative cell lines, and was dependent on the expression of fibronectin from mutant PIK3CA cells. Analysis of human tumors demonstrated similar HER2:PIK3CA clonal dynamics and fibronectin expression. Our study provides insight into nonrandom subclonal architecture of heterogenous tumors, which may aid the understanding of tumor evolution and inform future strategies for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Karthikeyan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian G. Waters
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Dennison
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Chu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Donaldson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - D. Marc Rosen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula I. Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center,,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melinda E. Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Morgan V. Pantone
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Riley E. Bergman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Brad A. Davidson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Sarah C. Reed
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Daniel J. Zabransky
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Cravero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Kyker-Snowman
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Berry Button
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Yuen Wong
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Paula J. Hurley
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Sarah Croessmann
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
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11
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Srour MK, Qu Y, Deng N, Carlson K, Mirocha J, Gao B, Dadmanesh F, Cui X, Giuliano AE. Gene expression comparison between primary estrogen receptor-positive and triple-negative breast cancer with paired axillary lymph node metastasis. Breast J 2021; 27:432-440. [PMID: 33464691 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize and compare changes in gene expression patterns of paired axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases from estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and triple-negative (TNBC) primary breast cancer (PBC). Patients with stage 2-3 PBC with macrometastasis to an ALN were selected. Gene expression of 2567 cancer-associated genes was analyzed with the HTG EdgeSeq system coupled with the Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Changes in gene expression between ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative PBC, and their paired ALN metastases were compared with TNBC and their paired ALN metastases. Fourteen pairs of ER-positive and paired ALN metastasis were analyzed. Compared with the PBC, ALN metastasis had 673 significant differentially expressed genes, including 348 upregulated genes and 325 downregulated genes. Seventeen pairs of TNBC and paired ALN metastasis were analyzed. ALN metastasis had 257 significant differentially expressed genes, including 123 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes. When gene expression of the ALN for ER-positive PBC was compared to that of TNBC, 97 genes were upregulated in both, and 115 genes were similarly downregulated. Common upregulated genes were associated with cell death, necrosis, and homeostasis. Common downregulated genes were those of migration, degradation of extracellular matrix, and invasion. Although ER-positive PBC and TNBC have a distinct gene expression profiles and distinct changes from PBC to ALN metastases, a significant number of genes are similarly up- or downregulated. Understanding the role of these common genomic changes may provide clues to understanding the metastatic process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Srour
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kjirsten Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Mirocha
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farnaz Dadmanesh
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Armando E Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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To B, Isaac D, Andrechek ER. Studying Lymphatic Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Current Models, Strategies, and Clinical Perspectives. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:191-203. [PMID: 33034778 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although early detection has significantly decreased breast cancer mortality, patients diagnosed with distant metastasis still have a very poor prognosis. The most common site that breast cancer spreads to are local lymph nodes. Therefore, the presence of lymph node metastasis remains one of most important prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. Given its significant clinical implications, increased efforts have been dedicated to better understand the molecular mechanism governing lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. The identification of lymphatic-specific biomarkers, including podoplanin and LYVE-1, has propelled the field of lymphatic metastasis forward. In addition, several animal models such as cell line-derived xenografts, patient-derived xenografts, and spontaneous tumor models have been developed to recreate the process of lymphatic metastasis. Moreover, the incorporation of various -omic platforms have provided further insight into the genetic drivers facilitating lymphatic metastasis, as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight various models of lymphatic metastasis, their potential pitfalls, and other tools available to study lymphatic metastasis including imaging modalities and -omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana To
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, MSU Breslin Cancer Center, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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13
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Lu Y, Tong Y, Huang J, Lin L, Wu J, Fei X, Huang O, He J, Zhu L, Chen W, Li Y, Chen X, Shen K. Primary 21-Gene Recurrence Score and Disease Outcome in Loco-Regional and Distant Recurrent Breast Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1315. [PMID: 32850415 PMCID: PMC7412719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay has been proven prognostic and predictive for hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative, node-negative early breast cancer patients. However, whether primary 21-gene RS can predict prognosis in recurrent breast cancer patients remained unknown. Patients and Methods: Consecutive breast cancer patients operated in Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital between January 2009 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with available 21-gene RS result for the primary tumor and reporting disease recurrence during follow-up were included. Association of 21-gene RS and overall survival (OS), post-recurrence overall survival (PR-OS), post-recurrence progression-free survival (PR-PFS), and first-line systemic treatment after recurrence were compared among different groups. Results: A total of 74 recurrent patients were included, with 10, 27, 37 patients in the RS <18, 18–30, and ≥ 31 groups, respectively. Recurrent patients with RS ≥ 31 were more likely to receive chemotherapy as their first-line treatment compared to those with RS <31 (P = 0.025). Compared to those with RS <31, patients with RS ≥ 31 had significantly worse OS (P = 0.025), worse PR-OS (P = 0.026), and a trend of inferior PR-PFS (P = 0.106). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that primary ER expression level (OS: P = 0.009; PR-OS: P = 0.017) and histological grade (OS: P = 0.003; PR-OS: P = 0.009), but not primary 21-gene RS (OS: P = 0.706; PR-OS: P = 0.120), were independently associated with worse OS and PR-OS. Conclusions: High primary 21-gene RS tended to be associated with worse disease outcome in loco-regional and distant recurrent breast cancer patients, which could influence the first-line systemic treatment after relapse, warranting further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong He
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Yuan L, Guo F, Wang L, Zou Q. Prediction of tumor metastasis from sequencing data in the era of genome sequencing. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 18:412-418. [PMID: 31204784 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the key reason for the high mortality rate of tumor. Growing number of scholars have begun to pay attention to the research on tumor metastasis and have achieved satisfactory results in this field. The advent of the era of sequencing has enabled us to study cancer metastasis at the molecular level, which is essential for understanding the molecular mechanism of metastasis, identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets and guiding clinical decision-making. We reviewed the metastasis-related studies using sequencing data, covering detection of metastasis origin sites, determination of metastasis potential and identification of distal metastasis sites. These findings include the discovery of relevant markers and the presentation of prediction tools. Finally, we discussed the challenge of studying metastasis considering the difficulty of obtaining metastatic cancer data, the complexity of tumor heterogeneity and the uncertainty of sample labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yuan
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Guo
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Computer Engineering & Applied Mathematics, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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15
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Chen J, Zhang F, Wang D, Yang Z, Liu S, Dong Z. Prognostic ability of DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3917-3922. [PMID: 32382338 PMCID: PMC7202274 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID-1) plays a vital role in the development of cancer. In the present study, ID-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its association with prognosis were investigated in 128 patients with OSCC, treated at the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and followed up for an additional 10 years. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect ID-1 expression, and the association between ID-1 expression and recurrence, and estimated disease-specific survival (DSS) time were subsequently analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. In addition, the log-rank test was implemented to compare the survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of ID-1. The results demonstrated that ID-1 was highly expressed in the majority of OSCC tissues investigated, and ID-1 expression was significantly higher in cases with recurrence of local tumors and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, higher ID-1 expression levels were associated with a shorter DSS time. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that ID-1 may serve as an independent prognostic factor to predict DSS time in patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zuoqing Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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16
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Kim GE, Kim NI, Lee JS, Park MH, Kang K. Differentially Expressed Genes in Matched Normal, Cancer, and Lymph Node Metastases Predict Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:111-122. [PMID: 32044879 PMCID: PMC7028469 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide screening of transcriptional changes among normal, cancer, and nodal metastases provides insights into the molecular basis of breast cancer (BC) progression and metastasis. To identify transcriptional changes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the metastatic progression of BC and to determine the prognostic role of these DEGs in clinical outcome, we compared transcriptome profiling in matched normal, cancer, and lymph node metastatic tissues of 7 patients with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative BC by using massive parallel RNA sequencing. The global profiles of gene expression in cancer and nodal metastases were highly correlated (r=0.962, P<0.001). In 6 (85.8%) patients, cancer and corresponding nodal metastases from the same patient clustered together. We identified 1522 and 664 DEGs between normal and cancer and between cancer and nodal metastases, respectively. The DEGs in normal versus cancer and cancer versus nodal metastases were significantly clustered in 1 and 8 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, respectively. The chemokine signaling pathway was the most significant pathway in the cancer-to-nodal metastasis transition (false discovery rate=2.15E-13). The expression of 2 dysregulated RAC2 and PTGDS genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, the lower RAC2 and PTGDS expression were associated with significantly worse disease-free survival in patients with BC. Our results show a high concordance of gene expression in BC and their nodal metastases, and identify DEGs associated with the metastatic progression of BC. The DEGs identified in this study represent novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Ho Park
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hutchinson KE, Yost SE, Chang CW, Johnson RM, Carr AR, McAdam PR, Halligan DL, Chang CC, Schmolze D, Liang J, Yuan Y. Comprehensive Profiling of Poor-Risk Paired Primary and Recurrent Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Reveals Immune Phenotype Shifts. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:657-668. [PMID: 31611282 PMCID: PMC8568263 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging data suggest immune checkpoint inhibitors have reduced efficacy in heavily pretreated triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To better understand the phenotypic evolution of TNBCs, we studied the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of paired tumors from patients with TNBC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We collected paired primary and metastatic TNBC specimens from 43 patients and performed targeted exome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing. From these efforts, we ascertained somatic mutation profiles, tumor mutational burden (TMB), TNBC molecular subtypes, and immune-related gene expression patterns. Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (stromal TIL), recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were also analyzed. RESULTS We observed a typical TNBC mutational landscape with minimal shifts in copy number or TMB over time. However, there were notable TNBC molecular subtype shifts, including increases in the Lehmann/Pietenpol-defined basal-like 1 (BL1, 11.4%-22.6%) and mesenchymal (M, 11.4%-22.6%) phenotypes, and a decrease in the immunomodulatory phenotype (IM, 31.4%-3.2%). The Burstein-defined basal-like immune-activated phenotype was also decreased (BLIA, 42.2%-17.2%). Among downregulated genes from metastases, we saw enrichment of immune-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms, and decreased expression of immunomodulatory gene signatures (P < 0.03) and percent stromal TILs (P = 0.03). There was no clear association between stromal TILs and survival. CONCLUSIONS We observed few mutational shifts, but largely consistent transcriptomic shifts in longitudinally paired TNBCs. Transcriptomic and IHC analyses revealed significantly reduced immune-activating gene expression signatures and TILs in recurrent TNBCs. These data may explain the observed lack of efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents in heavily pretreated TNBCs. Further studies are ongoing to better understand these initial observations.See related commentary by Savas and Loi, p. 526.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ching-Wei Chang
- Oncology Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Chun-Chieh Chang
- Oncology Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Schmolze
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jackson Liang
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.
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18
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Wang C, Zhao N, Yuan L, Liu X. Computational Detection of Breast Cancer Invasiveness with DNA Methylation Biomarkers. Cells 2020; 9:E326. [PMID: 32019269 PMCID: PMC7072524 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy. It has high mortality, primarily due to metastasis and recurrence. Patients with invasive and noninvasive breast cancer require different treatments, so there is an urgent need for predictive tools to guide clinical decision making and avoid overtreatment of noninvasive breast cancer and undertreatment of invasive cases. Here, we divided the sample set based on the genome-wide methylation distance to make full use of metastatic cancer data. Specifically, we implemented two differential methylation analysis methods to identify specific CpG sites. After effective dimensionality reduction, we constructed a methylation-based classifier using the Random Forest algorithm to categorize the primary breast cancer. We took advantage of breast cancer (BRCA) HM450 DNA methylation data and accompanying clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to validate the performance of the classifier. Overall, this study demonstrates DNA methylation as a potential biomarker to predict breast tumor invasiveness and as a possible parameter that could be included in the studies aiming to predict breast cancer aggressiveness. However, more comparative studies are needed to assess its usability in the clinic. Towards this, we developed a website based on these algorithms to facilitate its use in studies and predictions of breast cancer invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China;
| | - Linlin Yuan
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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19
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Velnati S, Massarotti A, Antona A, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Galetto AS, Capello D, Bertoni A, Mercalli V, Graziani A, Tron GC, Baldanzi G. Structure activity relationship studies on Amb639752: toward the identification of a common pharmacophoric structure for DGKα inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:96-108. [PMID: 31690133 PMCID: PMC6844378 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1684911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues of Amb639752, a novel diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) inhibitor recently discovered by us via virtual screening, have been tested. The compounds were evaluated as DGK inhibitors on α, θ, and ζ isoforms, and as antagonists on serotonin receptors. From these assays emerged two novel compounds, namely 11 and 20, which with an IC50 respectively of 1.6 and 1.8 µM are the most potent inhibitors of DGKα discovered to date. Both compounds demonstrated the ability to restore apoptosis in a cellular model of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease as well as the capacity to reduce the migration of cancer cells, suggesting their potential utility in preventing metastasis. Finally, relying on experimental biological data, molecular modelling studies allow us to set a three-point pharmacophore model for DGK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Velnati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Antona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvia Galetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Palliative Care Division, A.S.L., Vercelli, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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20
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Srour MK, Gao B, Dadmanesh F, Carlson K, Qu Y, Deng N, Cui X, Giuliano AE. Gene expression comparison between primary triple-negative breast cancer and paired axillary and sentinel lymph node metastasis. Breast J 2019; 26:904-910. [PMID: 31713298 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Few studies examine the genomics of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The aim was to characterize and compare gene expression patterns of primary breast cancers and paired ALN metastases. Patients with stage 2-3 ER/PR negative, HER2 negative TNBC with ALN macrometastasis without neo-adjuvant therapy were selected. Tumor-specific area was isolated from breast and ALN tissue sections. Gene expression of 2567 cancer-associated genes was analyzed with the HTG EdgeSeq system coupled with Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). Seventeen pairs of TNBC and autologous ALN metastasis were analyzed. Compared with the primary, ALN metastasis had 257 statistically significant differentially expressed genes, including 123 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes. Notably, there was an upregulation of anti-apoptosis and survival signaling genes (BIRC3, TCL1A, FLT3, and VCAM1) in the ALN metastasis. There was also an upregulation of chemotaxis genes (CCL19, CCL21, CXCL13, and TNFSF11). The most striking feature is the downregulation of genes known to regulate cell microenvironment interaction (MMP2, MMP 3, MMP 7, MMP 11, MMP14, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL6A6, COL11A1, and COL17A1). In TNBC, ALN metastases have a distinct gene expression profile. Genes associated with anti-apoptosis, survival responses, and chemotaxis are upregulated, and genes associated with regulation of extracellular matrix are downregulated when compared to autologous primary cancer. TNBC cells metastatic to lymph nodes undergo a change in order to metastasize and survive in the new microenvironment, which may lead to insights into the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Srour
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Farnaz Dadmanesh
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kjirsten Carlson
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Armando E Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Boolbol SK, Harshan M, Chadha M, Kirstein L, Cohen JM, Klein P, Anderson J, Davison D, Jakubowski DM, Baehner FL, Malamud S. Genomic comparison of paired primary breast carcinomas and lymph node macrometastases using the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score ® test. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:611-618. [PMID: 31302854 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant therapy decisions may in part be based on results of Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® (RS) testing of primary tumors. When necessary, lymph node metastases may be considered as a surrogate. Here we evaluate the concordance in gene expression between primary breast cancers and synchronous lymph node metastases, based on results from quantitative RT-PCR-based RS testing between matched primary tumors and synchronous nodal metastases. METHODS This retrospective, exploratory study included patients (≥ 18 years old) treated at our center (2005-2009) who had ER+ , HER2-negative invasive breast cancer and synchronous nodal metastases with available tumor blocks from both sites. Paired tissue blocks underwent RS testing, and RS and single-gene results for ER, PR, and HER2 were explored between paired samples. RESULTS A wide distribution of RS results in tumors and in synchronous nodal metastases were modestly correlated between 84 paired samples analyzed (Pearson correlation 0.69 [95% CI 0.55-0.78]). Overall concordance in RS group classification between samples was 63%. ER, PR, and HER2 by RT-PCR between the primary tumor and lymph node were also modestly correlated (Pearson correlation [95% CI] 0.64 [0.50-0.75], 0.64 [0.49-0.75], and 0.51 [0.33-0.65], respectively). Categorical concordance (positive or negative) was 100% for ER, 77% for PR, and 100% for HER2. CONCLUSIONS There is modest correlation in continuous gene expression, as measured by the RS and single-gene results for ER, PR, and HER2 between paired primary tumors and synchronous nodal metastases. RS testing for ER+ breast cancer should continue to be based on analysis of primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Boolbol
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, 10 Nathan D Perlman Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Manju Harshan
- Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, 100 East 77th St, New York, NY, 10075, USA
| | - Manjeet Chadha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, 10 Nathan D Perlman Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Laurie Kirstein
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paula Klein
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, 10 Nathan D Perlman Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Joseph Anderson
- Genomic Health, Inc., 301 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Deborah Davison
- Genomic Health, Inc., 301 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Malamud
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, 10 Nathan D Perlman Pl, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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22
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Zhu MY, Liu WJ, Wang H, Wang WD, Liu NW, Lu Y. NSE from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells regulates macrophage polarization. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4577-4595. [PMID: 31191019 PMCID: PMC6529732 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly common type of malignant and heterogeneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Tumor-associated macrophages, specially the M2-type, promote tumor progression and drug resistance. The clinical outcome of patients with high neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expression is worse than that with low NSE expression. The tumor-promoting mechanism of NSE, however, remains unclear. This study explored the role of NSE in macrophage polarization associated with the immune microenvironment of DLBCL. Results: Our results showed that NSE protein expression was higher in lymphoma cell lines than in the B lymphocytes. Functional studies demonstrated that upregulation of NSE in lymphoma cells could promote M2 polarization and migration ability of macrophage, thereby consequently promoting the progression of lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism studies revealed that lymphoma-derived exosomes could mediate NSE into macrophages, NSE enhanced nuclear p50 translocation with subsequent defective classical nuclear factor-κB activity in macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that NSE may be a potential target for lymphoma therapy and a prognosis marker for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Na-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang X, Yin X, Zhang H, Sun G, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhu X, Zhao P, Zhao J, Liu J, Chen N, Wang J, Shen P, Zeng H. Differential expressions of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 between primary and metastatic sites in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:360. [PMID: 30992011 PMCID: PMC6469103 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, the detection of biomarkers is mostly based on primary tumors for its convenience in acquisition. However, immune checkpoints may express differently between primary and metastatic tumor. Therefore, we aimed to compare the differential expressions of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 between the primary and metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Patients diagnosed with RCC by resection or fine needle aspiration of metastasis were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to detect PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressions. SPSS 22.0 was applied to conduct Chi-square, consistency tests and Cox's proportional hazards regression models. GraphPad Prism 6 was used to plot survival curves and R software was used to calculate Predictive accuracy (PA). RESULTS In the whole cohort (N = 163), IHC results suggested a higher detection rate of PD-L1 in the metastasis than that of the primary site (χ2 = 4.66, p = 0.03), with a low consistent rate of 32.5%. Among different metastatic tumors, PD-1 was highly expressed in the lung/lymph node (65.3%) and poorly expressed in the brain (10.5%) and visceral metastases (12.5%). PD-L1 was highly expressed in lung/lymph node (37.5%) and the bone metastases (12.2%) on the contrary. In terms of survival analysis, patients with PD-1 expression either in the primary or metastasis had a shorter overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.08-2.36, p = 0.02). Also, PD-L1 expression in the primary was associated with a shorter OS (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.06-6.15, p = 0.04). In the multivariate analysis, the predictive accuracy of the whole model for PFS was increased from 0.683 to 0.699 after adding PD-1. CONCLUSION PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 were differentially expressed between primary and metastatic tumors. Histopathological examination of these immune check points in metastatic lesions of mRCC should be noticed, and its accurate diagnosis may be one of the effective ways to realize the individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Guangxi Sun
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Yaojing Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041.,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041. .,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041. .,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 610041.
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041. .,Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China, 610041. .,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 610041.
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24
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Zhao ZM, Yost SE, Hutchinson KE, Li SM, Yuan YC, Noorbakhsh J, Liu Z, Warden C, Johnson RM, Wu X, Chuang JH, Yuan Y. CCNE1 amplification is associated with poor prognosis in patients with triple negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:96. [PMID: 30665374 PMCID: PMC6341717 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with limited treatment options upon recurrence. Molecular discordance between primary and metastatic TNBC has been observed, but the degree of biological heterogeneity has not been fully explored. Furthermore, genomic evolution through treatment is poorly understood. In this study, we aim to characterize the genomic changes between paired primary and metastatic TNBCs through transcriptomic and genomic profiling, and to identify genomic alterations which may contribute to chemotherapy resistance. METHODS Genomic alterations and mRNA expression of 10 paired primary and metastatic TNBCs were determined through targeted sequencing, microarray analysis, and RNA sequencing. Commonly mutated genes, as well as differentially expressed and co-expressed genes were identified. We further explored the clinical relevance of differentially expressed genes between primary and metastatic tumors to patient survival using large public datasets. RESULTS Through gene expression profiling, we observed a shift in TNBC subtype classifications between primary and metastatic TNBCs. A panel of eight cancer driver genes (CCNE1, TPX2, ELF3, FANCL, JAK2, GSK3B, CEP76, and SYK) were differentially expressed in recurrent TNBCs, and were also overexpressed in TCGA and METABRIC. CCNE1 and TPX2 were co-overexpressed in TNBCs. DNA mutation profiling showed that multiple mutations occurred in genes comprising a number of potentially targetable pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/MAPK, cell cycle, and growth factor receptor signaling, reaffirming the wide heterogeneity of mechanisms driving TNBC. CCNE1 amplification was associated with poor overall survival in patients with metastatic TNBC. CONCLUSIONS CCNE1 amplification may confer resistance to chemotherapy and is associated with poor overall survival in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ming Zhao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | | | - Sierra Min Li
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Javad Noorbakhsh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Charles Warden
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Radia M Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., Oncology Biomarker Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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25
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Merida I, Arranz-Nicolás J, Torres-Ayuso P, Ávila-Flores A. Diacylglycerol Kinase Malfunction in Human Disease and the Search for Specific Inhibitors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:133-162. [PMID: 31227890 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are master regulator kinases that control the switch from diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), two lipids with important structural and signaling properties. Mammalian DGKs distribute into five subfamilies that regulate local availability of DAG and PA pools in a tissue- and subcellular-restricted manner. Pharmacological manipulation of DGK activity holds great promise, given the critical contribution of specific DGK subtypes to the control of membrane structure, signaling complexes, and cell-cell communication. The latest advances in the DGK field have unveiled the differential contribution of selected isoforms to human disease. Defects in the expression/activity of individual DGK isoforms contribute substantially to cognitive impairment, mental disorders, insulin resistance, and vascular pathologies. Abnormal DGK overexpression, on the other hand, confers the acquisition of malignant traits including invasion, chemotherapy resistance, and inhibition of immune attack on tumors. Translation of these findings into therapeutic approaches will require development of methods to pharmacologically modulate DGK functions. In particular, inhibitors that target the DGKα isoform hold particular promise in the fight against cancer, on their own or in combination with immune-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Arranz-Nicolás
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Torres-Ayuso
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute (NCI-NIH), Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Chatterjee G, Pai T, Hardiman T, Avery-Kiejda K, Scott RJ, Spencer J, Pinder SE, Grigoriadis A. Molecular patterns of cancer colonisation in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:143. [PMID: 30458865 PMCID: PMC6247766 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic parameter in breast carcinoma, a crucial site for tumour–immune cell interaction and a gateway for further dissemination of tumour cells to other metastatic sites. To gain insight into the underlying molecular changes from the pre-metastatic, via initial colonisation to the fully involved LN, we reviewed transcriptional research along the evolving microenvironment of LNs in human breast cancers patients. Gene expression studies were compiled and subjected to pathway-based analyses, with an emphasis on immune cell-related genes. Of 366 studies, 14 performed genome-wide gene expression comparisons and were divided into six clinical-biological scenarios capturing different stages of the metastatic pathway in the LN, as follows: metastatically involved LNs are compared to their patient-matched primary breast carcinomas (scenario 1) or the normal breast tissue (scenario 2). In scenario 3, uninvolved LNs were compared between LN-positive patients and LN-negative patients. Scenario 4 homed in on the residual uninvolved portion of involved LNs and compared it to the patient-matched uninvolved LNs. Scenario 5 contrasted uninvolved and involved LNs, whilst in scenario 6 involved (sentinel) LNs were assessed between patients with other either positive or negative LNs (non-sentinel). Gene lists from these chronological steps of LN metastasis indicated that gene patterns reflecting deficiencies in dendritic cells and hyper-proliferation of B cells parallel to tumour promoting pathways, including cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodelling, cell motility and DNA repair, play key roles in the changing microenvironment of a pro-metastatic to a metastatically involved LN. Similarities between uninvolved LNs and the residual uninvolved portion of involved LNs hinted that LN alterations expose systemic tumour-related immune responses in breast cancer patients. Despite the diverse settings, gene expression patterns at different stages of metastatic colonisation in LNs were recognised and may provide potential avenues for clinical interventions to counteract disease progression for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chatterjee
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, 8th Floor, Annexe Building, Mumbai, India
| | - Trupti Pai
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, 8th Floor, Annexe Building, Mumbai, India
| | - Thomas Hardiman
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kelly Avery-Kiejda
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jo Spencer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Cancer Bioinformatics, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRUK King's Health Partners Centre, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Comprehensive Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Innovation Hub, Cancer Centre at Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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27
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pRAD50: a novel and clinically applicable pharmacodynamic biomarker of both ATM and ATR inhibition identified using mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1233-1243. [PMID: 30385821 PMCID: PMC6251026 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background AZD0156 and AZD6738 are potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia-telangiectasia-kinase (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR), respectively, important sensors/signallers of DNA damage. Methods We used multiplexed targeted-mass-spectrometry to select pRAD50(Ser635) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for AZD0156-mediated ATM inhibition from a panel of 45 peptides, then developed and tested a clinically applicable immunohistochemistry assay for pRAD50(Ser635) detection in FFPE tissue. Results We found moderate pRAD50 baseline levels across cancer indications. pRAD50 was detectable in 100% gastric cancers (n = 23), 99% colorectal cancers (n = 102), 95% triple-negative-breast cancers (TNBC) (n = 40) and 87.5% glioblastoma-multiformes (n = 16). We demonstrated AZD0156 target inhibition in TNBC patient-derived xenograft models; where AZD0156 monotherapy or post olaparib treatment, resulted in a 34–72% reduction in pRAD50. Similar inhibition of pRAD50 (68%) was observed following ATM inhibitor treatment post irinotecan in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. ATR inhibition, using AZD6738, increased pRAD50 in the ATM-proficient models whilst in ATM-deficient models the opposite was observed, suggesting pRAD50 pharmacodynamics post ATR inhibition may be ATM-dependent and could be useful to determine ATM functionality in patients treated with ATR inhibitors. Conclusion Together these data support clinical utilisation of pRAD50 as a biomarker of AZD0156 and AZD6738 pharmacology to elucidate clinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships, thereby informing recommended Phase 2 dose/schedule.
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28
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Gamma-enolase predicts lung damage in severe acute pancreatitis-induced acute lung injury. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:347-356. [PMID: 29728894 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) associated acute lung injury (ALI) accounts for about 70% mortality of SAP patients. However, there are no precise biomarkers for the disease currently. Herein, we evaluated the potential of gamma-enolase (ENO2), against its universal isoform alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a marker of SAP-ALI in a rat model. Firstly, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, Sham (n = 8) and SAP-ALI (n = 8), for pancreatitis induction. Ultra-structure examination by electron microscopy and HE staining were used for lung injury assessment. Lung tissue expressions of alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase were evaluated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In a prospective validation experiment, 28 rats were used: sham (n = 8), SAP-ALI at 3 h (3 h, n = 10), and SAP-ALI at 24 h (24 h, n = 10). Lung tissue damage, tissue expression and circulating alpha-enolase and gamma-enolase levels were evaluated. Elevated serum levels of α-amylase and TNF-α were observed in SAP rats but not in sham-operated rats. Histological examination of pancreatic and lung tissues indicated marked damage in SAP rats. While alpha-enolase was universally expressed, gamma-enolase was expressed only in damaged lung tissues. Gamma-enolase was detected in lung tissues, BALF, and serum as early as 3 h post-surgery when physical pathological damage was not apparent. Unlike alpha-enolase, secreted and/or circulating gamma-enolase level progressively increased, especially in serum, as lung damage progressed. Thus, gamma-enolase may signal and correlate lung tissue damage well before obvious physical pathological tissue damage and might be a candidate diagnostic and/or prognostic marker.
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29
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Wang H, Stoecklein NH, Lin PP, Gires O. Circulating and disseminated tumor cells: diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets in motion. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1884-1912. [PMID: 27683128 PMCID: PMC5352105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood with the gold standard CellSearchTM has proven prognostic value for tumor recurrence and progression of metastatic disease. Therefore, the further molecular characterization of isolated CTCs might have clinical relevance as liquid biopsy for therapeutic decision-making and to monitor disease progression. The direct analysis of systemic cancer appears particularly important in view of the known disparity in expression of therapeutic targets as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-based heterogeneity between primary and systemic tumor cells, which all substantially complicate monitoring and therapeutic targeting at present. Since CTCs are the potential precursor cells of metastasis, their in-depth molecular profiling should also provide a useful resource for target discovery. The present review will discuss the use of systemically spread cancer cells as liquid biopsy and focus on potential target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors, Helmholtz, Germany
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30
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Hawsawi Y, Humphries MP, Wright A, Berwick A, Shires M, Al-Kharobi H, El-Gendy R, Jove M, Twelves C, Speirs V, Beattie J. Deregulation of IGF-binding proteins -2 and -5 contributes to the development of endocrine resistant breast cancer in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32129-43. [PMID: 27050076 PMCID: PMC5078002 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) remains the adjuvant therapy of choice for pre-menopausal women with ERα-positive breast cancer. Resistance and recurrence remain, however, a major challenge with many women relapsing and subsequently dying. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is involved in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression to endocrine resistant disease, but there is very little data on the expression and potential role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) during acquisition of the resistant phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and functional role of IGFBP-2 and -5 in the development of TAM resistance (TamR) in vitro and to test retrospectively whether they were predictive of resistance in a tissue microarray of 77 women with primary breast cancers who relapsed on/after endocrine therapy and 193 who did not with long term follow up. Reciprocal expression of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 was observed at both mRNA and protein level in TamR cells. IGFBP-2 expression was increased by 10-fold while IGFBP-5 was decreased by 100-fold, compared to TAM-sensitive control cells. shRNA-mediated silencing of IGFBP-2 in TamR cells restored TAM sensitivity suggesting a causal role for this gene in TamR. While silencing of IGFBP-5 in control cells had no effect on TAM sensitivity, it significantly increased the migratory capacity of these cells. Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical data failed, however, to demonstrate an effect of IGFBP2 expression in endocrine-relapsed patients. Likewise, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 expression failed to show any significant associations with survival either in patients relapsing or those not relapsing on/after endocrine therapy. By contrast, in silico mining of a separate published dataset showed that in patients who received endocrine treatment, loss of expression of IGBP-5 was significantly associated with worse survival. Overall these data suggest that co-ordinated and reciprocal alteration in IGFBP-2 and −5 expression may play a role in the acquisition of endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Hawsawi
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK.,Current address: Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, University of Texas, Houston, USA
| | | | - Alexander Wright
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Angelene Berwick
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Mike Shires
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Hanaa Al-Kharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria Jove
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris Twelves
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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31
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Zhou G, Lu MQ, Li DJ, Gao BA, Guo R. Identification of differentially expressed molecular functions associated with breast cancer using Gibbs sampling. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7489-7494. [PMID: 29344193 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed molecular functions (DEMFs) for breast cancer using the Gibbs sampling approach. Molecular functions (MFs) were obtained on the basis of the Bayesian Approach for Geneset Selection package. Subsequently, MFs were converted into Markov chains (MCs) prior to calculating their probabilities, utilizing the MC Monte Carlo algorithm. DEMFs were identified with probabilities ≥0.8 and the gene compositions were studied. Finally, a co-expression network was constructed via the empirical Bayes method and a pathway enrichment analysis of genes in DEMFs was performed. A total of 396 MFs were identified and all transformed to MCs. With the threshold, 2 DEMFs (structural molecule activity and protein heterodimerization activity) were obtained. The DEMFs were comprised of 297 genes, 259 of which were mapped to the co-expression network. These 297 genes were identified to be enriched in 10 pathways, and ribosome was the most significant pathway. The results of the present study revealed 2 DEMFs (structural molecule activity and protein heterodimerization activity) which may be associated with the pathological molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer, based on Gibbs sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Internal Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qian Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Dao-Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Gao
- Department of Respiration, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
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Karabulut S, Kaya Z, Amuran GG, Peker I, Özmen T, Gūllūoḡlu BM, Kaya H, Erzik C, Ōzer A, Akkiprik M. Correlation between the DNA methylation and gene expression of IGFBP5 in breast cancer. Breast Dis 2017; 36:123-131. [PMID: 27612043 DOI: 10.3233/bd-160234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor binding protein5 (IGFBP5) is often dysregulated in human cancers and considered neither a tumor suppressor nor an oncogene. OBJECTIVE We aim to examine the reason of the changeable gene regulation of IGFBP5 in the case of methylation in breast cancer. METHODS We used methyl-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction to detect CpG methylation of IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. Gene expression is evaluated by quantative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS IGFBP5 methylation was detected in 24 of 58 (41%) and 54 of 56 (96.5%) promoter and exon-I site respectively in tumor tissues. In adjacent tissues 17 of 58 (29%) and 53 of 56 (96.5%) was methylated. IGFBP5 expression was higher estrogene receptor (ER)(+) than ER(-) patients (p = 0.0549). Beside, we found a positive correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and G2 tumor grade (p = 0.0131). However, no correlation was observed between IGFBP5 expression and age, menopause or the presence of lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results showed that IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I methylation did not have any differences between tumor and adjacent tissues so that IGFBP5 methylation did not change IGFBP5 gene regulation in breast cancer. This is the first study investigating the IGFBP5 gene methylation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Karabulut
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.,Bayburt University, Health Services Vocational School, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kaya
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.,Yüzüncü Yıl University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Van, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Gūllū Amuran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Peker
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Özmen
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadır M Gūllūoḡlu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, General Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Kaya
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Pathology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ōzer
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akkiprik
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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33
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Ismail TM, Bennett D, Platt-Higgins AM, Al-Medhity M, Barraclough R, Rudland PS. S100A4 Elevation Empowers Expression of Metastasis Effector Molecules in Human Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:780-789. [PMID: 27927689 PMCID: PMC5321524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many human glandular cancers metastasize along nerve tracts, but the mechanisms involved are generally poorly understood. The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is expressed at elevated levels in human cancers, where it has been linked to increased invasion and metastasis. Here we report genetic studies in a Drosophila model to define S100A4 effector functions that mediate metastatic dissemination of mutant Ras-induced tumors in the developing nervous system. In flies overexpressing mutant RasVal12 and S100A4, there was a significant increase in activation of the stress kinase JNK and production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. Genetic or chemical blockades of JNK and MMP1 suppressed metastatic dissemination associated with S100A4 elevation, defining required signaling pathway(s) for S100A4 in this setting. In clinical specimens of human breast cancer, elevated levels of the mammalian paralogs MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13 are associated with a 4- to 9-fold relative decrease in patient survival. In individual tumors, levels of MMP2 and MMP13 correlated more closely with levels of S100A4, whereas MMP9 levels correlated more closely with the S100 family member S100P. Overall, our results suggest the existence of evolutionarily conserved pathways used by S100A4 to promote metastatic dissemination, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications for metastasis by cancers that preferentially exploit nerve tract migration routes. Cancer Res; 77(3); 780-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamir M Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M Platt-Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Morteta Al-Medhity
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Barraclough
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Mérida I, Torres-Ayuso P, Ávila-Flores A, Arranz-Nicolás J, Andrada E, Tello-Lafoz M, Liébana R, Arcos R. Diacylglycerol kinases in cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 63:22-31. [PMID: 27697466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the transformation of diacylglycerol into phosphatidic acid. In T lymphocytes, DGKα and ζ limit the activation of the PLCγ/Ras/ERK axis, providing a critical checkpoint to inhibit T cell responses. Upregulation of these isoforms limits Ras activation, leading to hypo-responsive, anergic states similar to those caused by tumors. Recent studies have identified DGKα upregulation in tumor lymphocyte infiltrates, and cells from DGKα and ζ deficient mice show enhanced antitumor activity, suggesting that limitation of DAG based signals by DGK is used by tumors to evade immune attack. DGKα expression is low or even absent in other healthy cells like melanocytes, hepatocytes or neurons. Expression of this isoform, nevertheless is upregulated in melanoma, hepatocarcinoma and glioblastoma where DGKα contributes to the acquisition of tumor metastatic traits. A model thus emerges where tumor milieu fosters DGKα expression in tumors as well as in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with opposite consequences. Here we review the mechanisms and targets that facilitate tumor "addiction" to DGKα, and discuss its relevance in the more advanced forms of cancer for tumor immune evasion. A better knowledge of this function offers a new perspective in the search of novel approaches to prevent inhibition of immune attack in cancer. Part of the failure in clinical progress may be attributed to the complexity of the tumor/T lymphocyte interaction. As they develop, tumors use a number of mechanisms to drive endogenous, tumor reactive T cells to a general state of hyporesponsiveness or anergy. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that tumors use to trigger T cell anergic states will greatly help in the advance of immunotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Torres-Ayuso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arranz-Nicolás
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Andrada
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tello-Lafoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Liébana
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Arcos
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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Bloomfield M, Duesberg P. Inherent variability of cancer-specific aneuploidy generates metastases. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:90. [PMID: 28018487 PMCID: PMC5160004 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic basis of metastasis is still unclear because metastases carry individual karyotypes and phenotypes, rather than consistent mutations, and are rare compared to conventional mutation. There is however correlative evidence that metastasis depends on cancer-specific aneuploidy, and that metastases are karyotypically related to parental cancers. Accordingly we propose that metastasis is a speciation event. This theory holds that cancer-specific aneuploidy varies the clonal karyotypes of cancers automatically by unbalancing thousands of genes, and that rare variants form new autonomous subspecies with metastatic or other non-parental phenotypes like drug-resistance – similar to conventional subspeciation. Results To test this theory, we analyzed the karyotypic and morphological relationships between seven cancers and corresponding metastases. We found (1) that the cellular phenotypes of metastases were closely related to those of parental cancers, (2) that metastases shared 29 to 96% of their clonal karyotypic elements or aneusomies with the clonal karyotypes of parental cancers and (3) that, unexpectedly, the karyotypic complexity of metastases was very similar to that of the parental cancer. This suggests that metastases derive cancer-specific autonomy by conserving the overall complexity of the parental karyotype. We deduced from these results that cancers cause metastases by karyotypic variations and selection for rare metastatic subspecies. Further we asked whether metastases with multiple metastasis-specific aneusomies are assembled in one or multiple, sequential steps. Since (1) no stable karyotypic intermediates of metastases were observed in cancers here and previously by others, and (2) the karyotypic complexities of cancers are conserved in metastases, we concluded that metastases are generated from cancers in one step – like subspecies in conventional speciation. Conclusions We conclude that the risk of cancers to metastasize is proportional to the degree of cancer-specific aneuploidy, because aneuploidy catalyzes the generation of subspecies, including metastases, at aneuploidy-dependent rates. Since speciation by random chromosomal rearrangements and selection is unpredictable, the theory that metastases are karyotypic subspecies of cancers also explains Foulds’ rules, which hold that the origins of metastases are “abrupt” and that their phenotypes are “unpredictable.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Donner Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA ; Present address: Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA USA
| | - Peter Duesberg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; Donner Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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36
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Yu L, Lu Y, Han X, Zhao W, Li J, Mao J, Wang B, Shen J, Fan S, Wang L, Wang M, Li L, Tang J, Song B. microRNA -140-5p inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by targeting ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:180. [PMID: 27906093 PMCID: PMC5134063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. microRNA-140-5p (miR-140) has been shown to be involved in cartilage development and osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Some contradictions still exist concerning the role of miR-140 in tumor progression and metastasis, and the underlying mechanism is uncertain. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expressions of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 in CRC tissues. Human CRC cell lines HCT116 and RKO were transfected with miR-140 mimic, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ADAMTS5 or IGFBP5, respectively, using oligofectamine or lipofectamine 2000. Scratch-wound assay and transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the effects of miR-140 on the capabilities of migration and invasion. The levels of miR-140 and ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was performed to examine the expression of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 proteins. Results miR-140 was significantly reduced, whereas ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 were upregulated, in the human CRC tissues compared to the corresponding normal colorectal mucosa. miR-140 downregulation and ADAMTS5 or IGFBP5 overexpression were associated with the advanced TNM stage and distant metastasis of CRC. There was a reverse correlation between miR-140 levels and ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 expression in CRC tissues. ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5 were downregulated by miR-140 at both the protein and mRNA levels in the CRC cell lines. The gain-of- and loss-of-function studies showed that miR-140 inhibited CRC cell migratory and invasive capacities at least partially via downregulating the expression of ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5. Conclusions These findings suggest that miR-140 suppresses CRC progression and metastasis, possibly through downregulating ADAMTS5 and IGFBP5. miR-140 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Han
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China. .,Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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38
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Akkiprik M, Nicorici D, Cogdell D, Jia YJ, Hategan A, Tabus I, Yli-Harja O, Y D, Sahin A, Zhang W. Dissection of Signaling Pathways in Fourteen Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Reverse-Phase Protein Lysate Microarray. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 5:543-51. [PMID: 17121430 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways play a crucial role in breast cancer development, progression, and response to different therapies. A major problem in breast cancer therapy is the heterogeneity among different tumor types and cell lines commonly used in preclinical studies. To characterize the signaling pathways of some of the commonly used breast cancer cell lines and dissect the relationship among a number of pathways and some key genetic and molecular events in breast cancer development, such as p53 mutation, ErbB2 expression, and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status, we performed pathway profiling of 14 breast cancer cell lines by measuring the expression and phosphorylation status of 40 different cell signaling proteins with 53 specific antibodies using a protein lysate array. Cluster analysis of the expression data showed that there was close clustering of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Src, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) in all of the cell lines. The most differentially expressed proteins between ER- and PR-positive and ER- and PR-negative breast cells were mTOR, Akt (pThr308), PDGFRβ, PDGFRβ (pTyr751), panSrc, Akt (pSer473), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5), Src (pTyr418), mTOR (pSer2448), and IGFBP2. Many apoptotic proteins, such as apoptosis-inducing factor, IGFBP3, bad, bax, and cleaved caspase 9, were overexpressed in mutant p53-carrying breast cancer cells. Hexokinase isoenzyme 1, ND2, and c-kit were the most differentially expressed proteins in high and low ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells. This study demonstrated that ER/PR status, ErbB2 expression, and p53 status are major molecules that impact downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akkiprik
- Department of Pathology, Unit 85, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Krøigård AB, Larsen MJ, Thomassen M, Kruse TA. Molecular Concordance Between Primary Breast Cancer and Matched Metastases. Breast J 2016; 22:420-30. [PMID: 27089067 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of breast cancer is increasingly personalized and based on molecular profiling. Often, primary tumors are used as proxies for systemic disease at the time of recurrence. However, recent studies have revealed substantial discordances between primary tumors and metastases, both with respect to traditional clinical treatment targets and on the genomic and transcriptomic level. With the increasing use of molecularly targeted therapy, discordance of actionable molecular targets between primary tumors and recurrences can result in nonoptimal treatment or unnecessary side effects. The purpose of this review is to illuminate the extent of cancer genome evolution through disease progression and the degree of molecular concordance between primary breast cancers and matched metastases. We present an overview of the most prominent studies investigating the expression of endocrine receptors, transcriptomics, and genome aberrations in primary tumors and metastases. In conclusion, biopsy of metastatic lesions at recurrence of breast cancer is encouraged to provide optimal treatment of the disease. Furthermore, molecular profiling of metastatic tissue provides invaluable mechanistic insight into the biology underlying metastatic progression and has the potential to identify novel, potentially druggable, drivers of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruun Krøigård
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Martin Jakob Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark.,Human Genetics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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40
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Hielscher A, Ellis K, Qiu C, Porterfield J, Gerecht S. Fibronectin Deposition Participates in Extracellular Matrix Assembly and Vascular Morphogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147600. [PMID: 26811931 PMCID: PMC4728102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to facilitate angiogenesis. In particular, fibronectin has been documented to activate endothelial cells, resulting in their transition from a quiescent state to an active state in which the cells exhibit enhanced migration and proliferation. The goal of this study is to examine the role of polymerized fibronectin during vascular tubulogenesis using a 3 dimensional (3D) cell-derived de-cellularized matrix. A fibronectin-rich 3D de-cellularized ECM was used as a scaffold to study vascular morphogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs). Confocal analyses of several matrix proteins reveal high intra- and extra-cellular deposition of fibronectin in formed vascular structures. Using a small peptide inhibitor of fibronectin polymerization, we demonstrate that inhibition of fibronectin fibrillogenesis in ECs cultured atop de-cellularized ECM resulted in decreased vascular morphogenesis. Further, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analyses reveal decreased expression of stromal matrix proteins in the absence of polymerized fibronectin with high co-localization of matrix proteins found in association with polymerized fibronectin. Evaluating vascular kinetics, live cell imaging showed that migration, migration velocity, and mean square displacement, are disrupted in structures grown in the absence of polymerized fibronectin. Additionally, vascular organization failed to occur in the absence of a polymerized fibronectin matrix. Consistent with these observations, we tested vascular morphogenesis following the disruption of EC adhesion to polymerized fibronectin, demonstrating that block of integrins α5β1 and αvβ3, abrogated vascular morphogenesis. Overall, fibronectin deposition in a 3D cell-derived de-cellularized ECM appears to be imperative for matrix assembly and vascular morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hielscher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, Georgia, 30024, United States of America
| | - Kim Ellis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
| | - Connie Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
| | - Josh Porterfield
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rahmatpanah FB, Jia Z, Chen X, Char JE, Men B, Franke AC, Jones FE, McClelland M, Mercola D. A class of genes in the HER2 regulon that is poised for transcription in breast cancer cell lines and expressed in human breast tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1286-301. [PMID: 25428913 PMCID: PMC4359233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-positive breast cancer accounts for 25% of all cases and has a poor prognosis. Although progress has been made in understanding signal transduction, little is known of how HER2 achieves gene regulation. We performed whole genome expression analysis on a HER2+ and HER2− breast cancer cell lines and compared these results to expression in 812 primary tumors stratified by their HER2 expression level. Chip-on-chip with anti-RNA polymerase II was compared among breast cancer cell lines to identify genes that are potentially activated by HER2. The expression levels of these HER2-dependent POL II binding genes were determined for the 812 HER2+/− breast cancer tissues. Genes differentially expressed between HER2+/− cell lines were generally regulated in the same direction as in breast cancer tissues. We identified genes that had POLII binding in HER2+ cell lines, but without significant gene expression. Of 737 such genes “poised” for expression in cell lines, 113 genes were significantly differentially expressed in breast tumors in a HER2-dependent manner. Pathway analysis of these 113 genes revealed that a large group of genes were associated with stem cell and progenitor cell control as indicated by networks centered on NANOG, SOX2, OCT3/4. HER2 directs POL II binding to a large number of genes in breast cancer cells. A “poised” class of genes in HER2+ cell lines with POLII binding and low RNA expression but is differentially expressed in primary tumors, strongly suggests a role of the microenvironment and further suggests a role for stem cells proliferation in HER2-regulated breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah B Rahmatpanah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Char
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bozhao Men
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna-Clara Franke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank E Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dan Mercola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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42
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Vizin T, Kos J. Gamma-enolase: a well-known tumour marker, with a less-known role in cancer. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:217-26. [PMID: 26401126 PMCID: PMC4577217 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-enolase, known also as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, which is expressed predominantly in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. As a tumour marker it is used in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer; however, the mechanisms enrolling it in malignant progression remain elusive. As a cytoplasmic enzyme gamma-enolase is involved in increased aerobic glycolysis, the main source of energy in cancer cells, supporting cell proliferation. However, different cellular localisation at pathophysiological conditions, proposes other cellular engagements. Conclusions The C-terminal part of the molecule, which is not related to glycolytic pathway, was shown to promote survival of neuronal cells by regulating neuronal growth factor receptor dependent signalling pathways, resulting also in extensive actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This additional function could be important also in cancer cells either to protect cells from stressful conditions and therapeutic agents or to promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Gamma-enolase might therefore have a multifunctional role in cancer progression: it supports increased tumour cell metabolic demands, protects tumour cells from stressful conditions and promotes their invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjasa Vizin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Revisiting the transcriptional analysis of primary tumours and associated nodal metastases with enhanced biological and statistical controls: application to thyroid cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1665-74. [PMID: 25965298 PMCID: PMC4430711 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transcriptome profiling has helped characterise nodal spread. The interpretation of these data, however, is not without ambiguities. Methods: We profiled the transcriptomes of papillary thyroid cancer nodal metastases, associated primary tumours and primary tumours from N0 patients. We also included patient-matched non-cancerous thyroid and lymph node samples as controls to address some limits of previous studies. Results: The transcriptomes of patient-matched primary tumours and metastases were more similar than those of unrelated metastases/primary pairs, as previously reported in other organ systems. This similarity partly reflected patient background. Lymphoid tissues in the metastases confounded the comparison of patient-matched primary tumours and metastases. We circumvented this with an original data adjustment, revealing a differential expression of stroma-related gene signatures also regulated in other organs. The comparison of N0 vs N+ primary tumours uncovered a signal irreproducible across independent data sets. This signal was also detectable when comparing the non-cancerous thyroid tissues adjacent to N0 and N+ tumours, suggesting a cohort-specific bias also likely present in previous similarly sized studies. Classification of N0 vs N+ yielded an accuracy of 63%, but additional statistical controls absent in previous studies revealed that this is explainable by chance alone. We used large data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas: N0 vs N+ classification was not better than random for most cancers. Yet, it was significant, but of limited accuracy (<70%) for thyroid, breast and head and neck cancers. Conclusions: The clinical potential of gene expression to predict nodal metastases seems limited for most cancers.
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Torres-Ayuso P, Daza-Martín M, Martín-Pérez J, Ávila-Flores A, Mérida I. Diacylglycerol kinase α promotes 3D cancer cell growth and limits drug sensitivity through functional interaction with Src. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9710-26. [PMID: 25339152 PMCID: PMC4259432 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)α converts diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid. This lipid kinase sustains survival, migration and invasion of tumor cells, with no effect over untransformed cells, suggesting its potential as a cancer-specific target. Nonetheless the mechanisms that underlie DGKα specific contribution to cancer survival have not been elucidated. Using three-dimensional (3D) colon and breast cancer cell cultures, we demonstrate that DGKα upregulation is part of the transcriptional program that results in Src activation in these culture conditions. Pharmacological or genetic DGKα silencing impaired tumor growth in vivo confirming its function in malignant transformation. DGKα-mediated Src regulation contributed to limit the effect of Src inhibitors, and its transcriptional upregulation in response to PI3K/Akt inhibitors resulted in reduced toxicity. Src oncogenic properties and contribution to pharmacological resistance have been linked to its overactivation in cancer. DGKα participation in this central node helps to explain why its pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated targeting specifically alters tumor viability with no effect on untransformed cells. Our results identify DGKα-mediated stabilization of Src activation as an important mechanism in tumor growth, and suggest that targeting this enzyme, alone or in combination with other inhibitors in wide clinical use, could constitute a treatment strategy for aggressive forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Torres-Ayuso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Daza-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Martín-Pérez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Beattie J, Hawsawi Y, Alkharobi H, El-Gendy R. IGFBP-2 and -5: important regulators of normal and neoplastic mammary gland physiology. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:151-8. [PMID: 25645979 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays an important role in mammary gland physiology. In addition, dysregulation of this molecular axis may have a causal role in the aetiology and development of breast cancer (BC). This report discusses the IGF axis in normal and neoplastic mammary gland with special reference to IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) -2 and -5. We describe how these high affinity binders of IGF-1 and IGF-2 may regulate local actions of growth factors in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner and how they also have IGF-independent effects in mammary gland. We discuss clinical studies which investigate both the prognostic value of IGFBP-2 and -5 expression in BC and possible involvement of these genes in the development of resistance to adjuvant endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James University Hospital, Level 7, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK,
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Hielscher A, Gerecht S. Hypoxia and free radicals: role in tumor progression and the use of engineering-based platforms to address these relationships. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:281-91. [PMID: 25257256 PMCID: PMC4339408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of all solid tumors, contributing to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Through stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), hypoxia activates the transcription of a number of genes that sustain tumor progression. Since the seminal discovery of HIF-1α as a hypoxia-responsive master regulator of numerous genes and transcription factors, several groups have reported a novel mechanism whereby hypoxia mediates stabilization of HIF-1α. This process occurs as a result of hypoxia-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, stabilize the expression of HIF-1α. As a result, a number of genes regulating tumor growth are expressed, fueling ongoing tumor progression. In this review, we outline a role for hypoxia in generating ROS and additionally define the mechanisms contributing to ROS-induced stabilization of HIF-1α.We further explore how ROS-induced HIF-1α stabilization contributes to tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy response. We discuss a future outlook, describing novel therapeutic approaches for attenuating ROS production while considering how these strategies should be carefully selected when combining with chemotherapeutic agents. As engineering-based approaches have been more frequently utilized to address biological questions, we discuss opportunities whereby engineering techniques may be employed to better understand the physical and biochemical factors controlling ROS expression. It is anticipated that an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the hypoxia/ROS/HIF-1α axis in tumor progression will yield the development of better targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Hielscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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47
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Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies extracellular matrix gene expression by pancreatic circulating tumor cells. Cell Rep 2014. [PMID: 25242334 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.029.single-cell] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream, mediating the hematogenous spread of cancer to distant organs. To define their composition, we compared genome-wide expression profiles of CTCs with matched primary tumors in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, isolating individual CTCs using epitope-independent microfluidic capture, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. CTCs clustered separately from primary tumors and tumor-derived cell lines, showing low-proliferative signatures, enrichment for the stem-cell-associated gene Aldh1a2, biphenotypic expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and expression of Igfbp5, a gene transcript enriched at the epithelial-stromal interface. Mouse as well as human pancreatic CTCs exhibit a very high expression of stromal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including SPARC, whose knockdown in cancer cells suppresses cell migration and invasiveness. The aberrant expression by CTCs of stromal ECM genes points to their contribution of microenvironmental signals for the spread of cancer to distant organs.
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48
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Ting DT, Wittner BS, Ligorio M, Vincent Jordan N, Shah AM, Miyamoto DT, Aceto N, Bersani F, Brannigan BW, Xega K, Ciciliano JC, Zhu H, MacKenzie OC, Trautwein J, Arora KS, Shahid M, Ellis HL, Qu N, Bardeesy N, Rivera MN, Deshpande V, Ferrone CR, Kapur R, Ramaswamy S, Shioda T, Toner M, Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies extracellular matrix gene expression by pancreatic circulating tumor cells. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1905-1918. [PMID: 25242334 PMCID: PMC4230325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream, mediating the hematogenous spread of cancer to distant organs. To define their composition, we compared genome-wide expression profiles of CTCs with matched primary tumors in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, isolating individual CTCs using epitope-independent microfluidic capture, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. CTCs clustered separately from primary tumors and tumor-derived cell lines, showing low-proliferative signatures, enrichment for the stem-cell-associated gene Aldh1a2, biphenotypic expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and expression of Igfbp5, a gene transcript enriched at the epithelial-stromal interface. Mouse as well as human pancreatic CTCs exhibit a very high expression of stromal-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including SPARC, whose knockdown in cancer cells suppresses cell migration and invasiveness. The aberrant expression by CTCs of stromal ECM genes points to their contribution of microenvironmental signals for the spread of cancer to distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Ting
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matteo Ligorio
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Vincent Jordan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Miyamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesca Bersani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian W Brannigan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina Xega
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jordan C Ciciliano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Huili Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Olivia C MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julie Trautwein
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kshitij S Arora
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Haley L Ellis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Na Qu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ravi Kapur
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sridhar Ramaswamy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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49
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Predicting prognosis of brain metastasis using molecular and clinical variables. World Neurosurg 2014; 83:490-1. [PMID: 25219584 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Doloff JC, Waxman DJ. Adenoviral vectors for prodrug activation-based gene therapy for cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:115-26. [PMID: 23869779 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a common feature - both between patients diagnosed with the same cancer and within an individual patient's tumor - and leads to widely different response rates to cancer therapies and the potential for the emergence of drug resistance. Diverse therapeutic approaches have been developed to combat the complexity of cancer, including individual treatment modalities designed to target tumor heterogeneity. This review discusses adenoviral vectors and how they can be modified to replicate in a cancer-specific manner and deliver therapeutic genes under multi-tiered regulation to target tumor heterogeneity, including heterogeneity associated with cancer stem cell-like subpopulations. Strategies that allow for combination of prodrug-activation gene therapy with a novel replication-conditional, heterogeneous tumor-targeting adenovirus are discussed, as are the benefits of using adenoviral vectors as tumor-targeting oncolytic vectors. While the anticancer activity of many adenoviral vectors has been well established in preclinical studies, only limited successes have been achieved in the clinic, indicating a need for further improvements in activity, specificity, tumor cell delivery and avoidance of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Cell and Molecular, Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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