1
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Macharia JM, Raposa BL, Sipos D, Melczer C, Toth Z, Káposztás Z. The Impact of Palliative Care on Mitigating Pain and Its Associated Effects in Determining Quality of Life among Colon Cancer Outpatients. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2954. [PMID: 37998446 PMCID: PMC10671794 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain continues to be a significant problem for cancer patients, and the impact of a population-based strategy on their experiences is not completely understood. Our study aimed to determine the impact of palliative care on mitigating pain and its associated effects in determining the quality of life (QoL) among colon cancer outpatients. Six collection databases were used to perform a structured systematic review of the available literature, considering all papers published between the year 2000 and February 2023. PRISMA guidelines were adopted in our study, and a total of 9792 papers were evaluated. However, only 126 articles met the inclusion criteria. A precise diagnosis of disruptive colorectal cancer (CRC) pain disorders among patients under palliative care is necessary to mitigate it and its associated effects, enhance health, promote life expectancy, increase therapeutic responsiveness, and decrease comorbidity complications. Physical activities, the use of validated pain assessment tools, remote outpatient education and monitoring, chemotherapeutic pain reduction strategies, music and massage therapies, and bridging social isolation gaps are essential in enhancing QoL. We recommend and place a strong emphasis on the adoption of online training/or coaching programs and the integration of formal and informal palliative care systems for maximum QoL benefits among CRC outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Vörösmarty Str 4, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Bence L. Raposa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Str 4, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Sipos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Str 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Csaba Melczer
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Str 4, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary;
| | - Zoltan Toth
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Vörösmarty Str 4, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Káposztás
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Str 4, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
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2
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Macharia JM, Varjas T, Mwangi RW, Káposztás Z, Rozmann N, Pintér M, Wagara IN, Raposa BL. Modulatory Properties of Aloe secundiflora's Methanolic Extracts on Targeted Genes in Colorectal Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5002. [PMID: 37894369 PMCID: PMC10605537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon tumors have a very complicated and poorly understood pathogenesis. Plant-based organic compounds might provide a novel source for cancer treatment with a sufficient novel mode of action. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the efficacy of Aloe secundiflora's (AS) methanolic extracts on the expression of CASPS9, 5-LOX, Bcl2, Bcl-xL, and COX-2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) management. Caco-2 cell lines were used in the experimental study. In the serial exhaustive extraction (SEE) method, methanol was utilized as the extraction solvent. Upon treatment of CASPS9 with the methanolic extracts, the expression of the genes was progressively upregulated, thus, dose-dependently increasing the rate of apoptosis. On the other hand, the expressions of 5-LOX, Bcl2, and Bcl-xL were variably downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. This is a unique novel study that evaluated the effects of AS methanolic extracts in vitro on CRC cell lines using different dosage concentrations. We, therefore, recommend the utilization of AS and the application of methanol as the extraction solvent of choice for maximum modulatory benefits in CRC management. In addition, we suggest research on the specific metabolites in AS involved in the modulatory pathways that suppress the development of CRC and potential metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Timea Varjas
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Ruth W. Mwangi
- Department of Vegetable and Mushroom Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru P.O. Box 3366-20100, Kenya
| | - Zsolt Káposztás
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary (B.L.R.)
| | - Nóra Rozmann
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Márton Pintér
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, 7621 Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Isabel N. Wagara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru P.O. Box 3366-20100, Kenya
| | - Bence L. Raposa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary (B.L.R.)
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3
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Macharia JM, Mwangi RW, Szabó I, Zand A, Kaposztas Z, Varjas T, Rozmann N, Raposa BL. Regulatory activities of Warbugia ugandensis ethanolic extracts on colorectal cancer-specific genome expression dose-dependently. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115325. [PMID: 37586118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of natural biomass sources is a promising strategy in accelerating the development of novel anti-cancer medications. Our study aimed to evaluate the activity of W. ugandensis ethanolic roots and stems extracts on the expression of five targeted genes (COX-2, CASPS-9, Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and 5-LOX) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (Caco-2). Plant extracts were obtained using serial exhaustive extraction and dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide appropriately for bioassay. Caco-2 cell lines were passaged, treated with plant extracts at varying concentrations and their RNA's isolated for evaluation. Our unique study reports on W. ugandensis as efficient natural inhibitors of CRC growth, by directly linking its phytoconstituents to; downregulation of COX-2, 5-LOX, Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and upregulation of CASPS9 genes dose-dependently. We present W. ugandensis ethanolic roots and stems extracts as promising natural inhibitors for CRC carcinogenesis and recommend in vivo and subsequent clinical trials, with substantial clinical effects postulated. We further suggest studies on identification and characterization of the specific metabolites in W. ugandensis involved in the modulatory mechanisms, resulting to inhibition of CRC growth and possible metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Macharia
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Pẻcs, Hungary.
| | - Ruth W Mwangi
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- University of Pẻcs, Medical School, Department of Public Health Medicine, Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Afshin Zand
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Pẻcs, Hungary; University of Pẻcs, Medical School, Department of Public Health Medicine, Pẻcs, Hungary
| | | | - Tímea Varjas
- University of Pẻcs, Medical School, Department of Public Health Medicine, Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Rozmann
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, Pẻcs, Hungary
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4
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Markowski AR, Żbikowski A, Zabielski P, Chlabicz U, Sadowska P, Pogodzińska K, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The Effect of Silencing the Genes Responsible for the Level of Sphingosine-1-phosphate on the Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087197. [PMID: 37108361 PMCID: PMC10138425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides (Cer) are engaged in key events of signal transduction, but their involvement in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is not conclusive. The aim of our study was to investigate how the modulation of sphingolipid metabolism through the silencing of the genes involved in the formation (SPHK1) and degradation (SGPL1) of sphingosine-1-phosphate would affect the sphingolipid profile and apoptosis of HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Silencing of SPHK1 expression decreased S1P content in HCT-116 cells, which was accompanied by an elevation in sphingosine, C18:0-Cer, and C18:1-Cer, increase in the expression and activation of Caspase-3 and -9, and augmentation of apoptosis. Interestingly, silencing of SGLP1 expression increased cellular content of both the S1P and Cer (C16:0-; C18:0-; C18:1-; C20:0-; and C22:0-Cer), yet inhibited activation of Caspase-3 and upregulated protein expression of Cathepsin-D. The above findings suggest that modulation of the S1P level and S1P/Cer ratio regulates both cellular apoptosis and CRC metastasis through Cathepsin-D modulation. The cellular ratio of S1P/Cer seems to be a crucial component of the above mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Markowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital, 79 Henryk Sienkiewicz Street, 15-003 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żbikowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Chlabicz
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sadowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka U Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adam Mickiewicz Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Macharia JM, Zhang L, Mwangi RW, Rozmann N, Kaposztas Z, Varjas T, Sugár M, Alfatafta H, Pintér M, Bence RL. Are chemical compounds in medical mushrooms potent against colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and antimicrobial growth? Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:379. [PMID: 36457023 PMCID: PMC9714114 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
After cardiovascular diseases, cancer is the second main cause of death globally. Mushrooms have been demonstrated to contain amalgamation with properties capable of inhibiting carcinogenesis and microbial growth, principally secondary metabolites such as quinolones, steroids, terpenes, anthraquinones, and benzoic acid derivatives among others. This study aimed to substantiate their potency concerning colon cancer carcinogenesis and antimicrobial growth. A systematic search of important literature was performed considering all the articles published until April 2022. Screening was performed by searching the BMC Springer, Elsevier, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and MEDLINE databases. In addition, Google Scholar was used to supplement information. Titles and abstracts that matched the established criteria were selected for full-text article scrutiny and subsequently used in the updated present review. Bioactive compounds present in medicinal mushrooms such as ascorbic acid, organic acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, glycosides, phenols, linoleic acid, grifolin, and tocopherols among other compounds play a key role in suppressing the proliferation of cancerous cells and selectively act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. These metabolites actively scavenge oxygen free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrite radicals that would otherwise increase the risks of the growth and development of cancerous cells. Mushrooms' bioactive compounds and metabolites actively inhibit nuclear factor-kappa activation, protein kinase B processes, and ultimately the expression of Cyclooxygenases 2 in cancerous cells. Medicinal mushrooms should be considered as alternative natural chemo-preventive agents in the global fight against colon cancer and the evolution of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, as they exhibit robust potency. They have not been reported to exhibit adverse harmful effects compared to synthetic chemotherapies, yet they have been reported to demonstrate significant beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Macharia
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Lu Zhang
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Ruth W. Mwangi
- grid.129553.90000 0001 1015 7851Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Mushroom Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest City, Hungary ,grid.8301.a0000 0001 0431 4443Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru City, Kenya
| | - Nora Rozmann
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kaposztas
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, City of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tímea Varjas
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Medical School, Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sugár
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Márton Pintér
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pẻcs, City of Pẻcs, Hungary
| | - Raposa L. Bence
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, City of Pécs, Hungary
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6
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Guo X, Okpara ES, Hu W, Yan C, Wang Y, Liang Q, Chiang JYL, Han S. Interactive Relationships between Intestinal Flora and Bile Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8343. [PMID: 35955473 PMCID: PMC9368770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive tract is replete with complex and diverse microbial communities that are important for the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes in humans and animals, particularly those involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The diversity of bile acids is a result of the joint efforts of host and intestinal microflora. There is a bidirectional relationship between the microbial community of the intestinal tract and bile acids in that, while the microbial flora tightly modulates the metabolism and synthesis of bile acids, the bile acid pool and composition affect the diversity and the homeostasis of the intestinal flora. Homeostatic imbalances of bile acid and intestinal flora systems may lead to the development of a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The interactions between bile acids and intestinal flora may be (in)directly involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Edozie Samuel Okpara
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Wanting Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chuyun Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - John Y. L. Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Shuxin Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; (X.G.); (E.S.O.); (C.Y.)
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7
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Medicinal plants with anti-colorectal cancer bioactive compounds: Potential game-changers in colorectal cancer management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113383. [PMID: 35820316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and identification of molecular compounds capable of killing or inhibiting transformed cells promoting carcinogenesis without inducing toxic effects to the normal cells are of utmost significance. A systematic review was conducted in screening for important literature was extensively performed by searching the Web of Science, Ovid, BMC Springer, Elsevier, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for optimum selectivity. Google Scholar was also used to supplement information. Pharmacotherapeutic biomolecules active against colon cancer carcinogenesis in Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana (bananas), Punica granatum L (pomegranate), Glycine max (Soybean), Brassica oleracea L var. italica Plenck (Broccoli), and Hibiscus rosa-sinesis and Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus) were evaluated. Signaling pathways like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) correlate the mediation of COX-2 expression. Increased levels of COX-2 are correlated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. Natural antioxidants in herbal plants including polyphenols and carotenoids inhibit the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and thereby preventing the initiation of oxidizing chain reactions. These bioactive compounds should be considered an important dietary supplement.
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Lv B, Xu R, Xing X, Liao C, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Xu F. Discovery of Synergistic Drug Combinations for Colorectal Cancer Driven by Tumor Barcode Derived from Metabolomics “Big Data”. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060494. [PMID: 35736427 PMCID: PMC9227693 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of cancer metabolomics data in the past decade provides exceptional opportunities for deeper investigations into cancer metabolism. However, integrating a large amount of heterogeneous metabolomics data to draw a full picture of the metabolic reprogramming and to discover oncometabolites of certain cancers remains challenging. In this study, a tumor barcode constructed based upon existing metabolomics “big data” using the Bayesian vote-counting method is proposed to identify oncometabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, a panel of oncometabolites of CRC was generated from 39 clinical studies with 3202 blood samples (1332 CRC vs. 1870 controls) and 990 tissue samples (495 CRC vs. 495 controls). Next, an oncometabolite-protein network was constructed by combining the tumor barcode and its involved proteins/enzymes. The effect of anti-cancer drugs or drug combinations was then mapped into this network by the random walk with restart process. Utilizing this network, potential Irinotecan (CPT-11)-sensitizing agents for CRC treatment were discovered by random forest and Xgboost. Finally, a compound named MK-2206 was highlighted and its synergy with CPT-11 was validated on two CRC cell lines. To summarize, we demonstrate in the present study that the metabolomics “big data”-based tumor barcodes and the subsequent network analyses are potentially useful for drug combination discovery or drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinrui Xing
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chuyao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (F.X.); Tel.: +86-25-83271021 (F.X.)
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (B.L.); (R.X.); (X.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (F.X.); Tel.: +86-25-83271021 (F.X.)
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9
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Kattan SW, Allah AMKA, Mohamed KI, Alruwetei AM, Hegazy AH, El Gayed EMA. Linking insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) rs6214 gene polymorphism and its serum level with risk of colorectal cancer. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal Cancer is found one of the most profound type of cancer around globe, affecting men and women with different ethnic and racial groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is known as peptide growth factor found to increase the proliferation of cell and prevent apoptosis. Insulin pathway might have linked with progression of colorectal cancer.
Methods
This study conducted on total 160 subjects, including 80 patients with colorectal cancer with 80 age and gender match controls. Clinical parameters were compared between the control group and Colorectal cancer group. Blood serum IGF-1 was quantified by using ELISA and IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) variations were investigated using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.
Results
Blood serum level of Insulin growth factor-I (ng/ml) showed substantial association concerning groups while IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) genotype distribution observed increased in colorectal cancer patients as compared to controls with significant association. The variant TT and CT genotype frequency observed more common in cases as compared to control. However, the wild type CC genotype were common in cases used to compared with controls. The Odds Ratio reveal the risk of variant IGF-1 rs6214 T allele to increase 3 times compared to wild type allele.
Conclusion
The homozygous TT genotypes and T variant allele of IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) showed association with high serum Insulin growth factor level 1, may increase susceptibility to the colorectal cancer. This work will use to investigate the associations between Insulin-like growth factor 1 and rs6214(C/T) gene variant and blood serum level with the vulnerability to treat Colorectal. In summary, we have investigated the relationship between Insulin growth factor level hormone and colorectal cancer. Further studies are required to understand the association between colorectal cancer and polymorphism. However, this study can be serve as an informative study to uncover mechanisms behind main cause of colon cancer. Therefore, the genomic profiling of Insulin-like growth factor-1 can be helpful to treat colorectal cancer patients.
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10
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Cryptosporidium and colorectal cancer: a review of epidemiology and possible association. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is an important protozoan disease with serious public health implications. The contribution of Cryptosporidium to colorectal cancer is still vaguely studied, but little evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies has suggested a possible association. This review discusses the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and colorectal cancer and attempts to unravel the possible link between the two diseases using epidemiological, pathological, molecular, and immunological evidence. The review stressed the need to undertake more studies in this relatively neglected field.
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11
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CTHRC1 is a prognosis-related biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35307012 PMCID: PMC8934523 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the common cancers worldwide. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) has been reported to be involved in cell invasion, angiogenesis, and the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by mediating multiple signaling pathways. However, the role of CTHRC1 in COAD has not yet been determined. Methods Differentially expressed genes were evaluated using gene expression data from the Oncomine and TIMER databases. Correlations between CTHRC1 gene expression and clinicopathological factors were analyzed using gene expression data from UALCAN databases. Then, we searched the GEPIA database to evaluate the association of CTHRC1 gene expression with clinical outcomes. The cBioPortal database was used to analyze CTHRC1 genetic alterations. Subsequently, the TIMER website was chosen to assess the correlation of CTHRC1 with the tumor immune cell infiltration level. The TCGA dataset was used for a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Result CTHRC1 was highly expressed in COAD patients, and significantly related to poor prognosis. In addition, elevated expression of CTHRC1 was related to the clinical stage and pathological type of COAD. The GSEA analysis showed that CTHRC1 was enriched in Gα signaling, GCPR ligand binding, neutrophil degranulation, interleukin signaling, and tumor-associated pathways. In addition, CTHRC1 was significantly associated with the expression of multiple immune markers related to specific immune cells. Conclusion This study suggest that CTHRC1 expression is related to the prognosis and immune infiltration of COAD patients. Therefore, CTHRC1 may be a new candidate prognostic biomarker for determining immune infiltration levels and providing COAD prognoses.
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O’Riordan E, Bennett MW, Daly L, Power DG. The implication of BRAF mutation in advanced colorectal cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:2467-2474. [PMID: 34877621 PMCID: PMC9672001 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is frequently a lethal disease. Mutations in the BRAF gene is a key driver in CRC pathogenesis and confers a poor prognosis. To date, Irish data on this molecular subtype of CRC is lacking. AIMS Our aim was to compare the natural history of Irish patients with BRAF (BRAFMUT) metastatic CRC with a control group of metastatic CRC patients without BRAF mutation (BRAFWT wild- type). METHOD A retrospective observational analysis of advanced CRC patients with known BRAFMUT was conducted by chart review. BRAFMUT patients were identified from the Cork University Hospital (CUH) histopathology database. Controls with known BRAFWT were randomly selected from the database. Demographic characteristics and clinicopathological data were recorded. Survival was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curve/Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Twenty patients with BRAFMUT and 36 with BRAFWT were studied. BRAFMUT were more likely female (75% vs 33%, p = 0.007) and right-sided (65% vs 31.4%, p = 0.033). Median overall survival was lower in BRAFMUT group (17.3 months (95% CI 0-40.8)) compared to patients with BRAFWT (median survival not reached, log rank p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, BRAFMUT was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 12.76 (95% CI 3.15-51.7), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION BRAFMUT advanced colorectal cancer was associated with significantly reduced overall survival in this Irish CRC population. Knowledge of mutation status should now be considered standard of care and should dictate management. Surgeons should be aware of this genetic signature as the natural history of the disease may mitigate against an aggressive surgical strategy. A prospective study should be conducted to further corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma O’Riordan
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Louise Daly
- School of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Derek G Power
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy & Cork University Hospitals, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Barberis E, Joseph S, Amede E, Clavenna MG, La Vecchia M, Sculco M, Aspesi A, Occhipinti P, Robotti E, Boldorini R, Marengo E, Dianzani I, Manfredi M. A new method for investigating microbiota-produced small molecules in adenomatous polyps. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338841. [PMID: 34535255 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is composed of a large number of different bacteria that produce a variety of metabolites. Colorectal cancer, which typically develops from adenomatous polyps, is highly influenced by microbiota. Since a variety of molecular changes may occur as these polyps transform from benign tumor to malignant carcinoma, the ability to study the microbiota-produced metabolites can lead to new discoveries about the development and progression of this cancer. However, to address the complexity of the microbiota-produced molecules, novel methods are needed. To this aim, in the present work, we developed a high-throughput metabolomics method to capture the metabolic complexity of the microbiota metabolome adherent to adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma. For the first time, the method enables the simultaneous quantification of almost 300 metabolites, while preserving the integrity of the original sample. The metabolomics approach was analytically validated and had excellent performances in terms of recovery, linearity, specificity, intra- and inter-day precision, limits of detection, and quantification. Furthermore, the clinical potential of the method was demonstrated in adenoma collected for a colorectal adenoma study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Soni Joseph
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marta La Vecchia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro Occhipinti
- Department of Gastroenterology, 'Maggiore Della Carità' Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Atabilen B, Akbulut G, Bacanli M, Uncu D. Is the nuclear factor kappa-b (NF-κB) pathway and inflammatory status associated with colorectal cancer? Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 28:60-66. [PMID: 34380870 PMCID: PMC8919927 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_44_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genetic predisposition has a role in the etiology of colorectal cancer, there are many other factors that affect its development. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the NF-κB pathway, inflammatory status and dietary antioxidant capacity in individuals with colorectal cancer. METHODS The study was carried out with 40 male subjects diagnosed with colorectal cancer aged between 39-65, years and a control group of the same number of healthy men. Subjects in the case and control groups were subdivided according to body mass index (BMI), as normal (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2). RESULTS At the end of the study, NF-κB and interleukin-22 levels were higher in the case group, but no significant difference was found between the groups. Interleukin-23 and 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels in the case group classified as overweight/obese according to BMI were significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Considering diet antioxidant capacity, it was higher in individuals in the control group than in the case group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Inflammatory status and reduced dietary antioxidant capacity are risk factors in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Atabilen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Prof. Büşra Atabilen, Emek Neighborhood Bişkek Street, 6th Street (Former 81st Street), Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Gamze Akbulut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Bacanli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Gülhane, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğan Uncu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Kostovski O, Antovic S, Trajkovski G, Kostovska I, Jovanovic R, Jankulovski N. High expression of CD133 - stem cell marker for prediction of clinically agressive type of colorectal cancer. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2021; 92:9-14. [PMID: 32759397 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
<b> Background:</b> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. The cancer stem cell (CSC) markers are associated with aggressive cancer types and poor prognosis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the CD133 expression and to correlate it with clinicopathological features in patients with CRC. <br><b>Material and Methods:</b> Our study included ninety patients with CRC who underwent curative surgical resection from 2012 to 2017 at the University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Skopje, North Macedonia. Tumor samples were first analyzed with standard histopathological methods and then the CD133 expression was investigated immunohistochemically. The level of expression of CD133 was classified semiquantitatively. Low positivity was defined as positive immunoreactivity in <50% of tumor glands, and high positivity was defined as positive immunoreactivity in ≥50% of tumor glands. Furthermore, clinicopathological features of patients were retrospectively reviewed. <br><b>Results:</b> High expression of CD133 was found in 47.8% of patients' CRC samples. In 69.6% of patients with metastatic lesions in visceral organs we found high expression of CD133. We found statistically significant differences in the expression of CD133 between patients with and without visceral metastatic lesions (P = 0.0153), between patients with a different T category (P = 0.0119), N status (P = 0.0066) and grade (G) (P = 0.0115). Our results showed that the stage of disease has the greatest impact on expression of CD133 (P < 0.00001). <br><b>Conclusion:</b> High expression of CD133 is a useful marker for prediction of the clinically aggressive type of CRC and can be routinely implemented in standard pathohistological diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognen Kostovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal surgery, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Svetozar Antovic
- University Clinic of Abdominal surgery, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Gjorgji Trajkovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal surgery, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Irena Kostovska
- Institute of Medical and Experimental Biochemistry, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Rubens Jovanovic
- Institute of Pathology, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Jankulovski
- University Clinic of Abdominal surgery, Facutly of medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, North Macedonia
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Gheytanchi E, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Ghods R, Abolhasani M, Shahin M, Vafaei S, Naseri M, Fattahi F, Madjd Z. High expression of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is associated with more aggressive behavior in colorectal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1631-1646. [PMID: 33616717 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of genetic determinants such as exosomal content that drives progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable attention. The present study aims to identify a suitable biomarker in CRC tissues and exosomes based on bioinformatics data to evaluate its expression patterns in CRC tissues as well as its clinicopathological significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and enrichment analysis were applied to identify up-regulated genes that contributed in CRC exosomes to select the marker. The expression patterns and clinical significance of selected exosomal marker were evaluated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 445 CRC tumors and 39 adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS Based on bioinformatics data, TSG101 gene was prominent amongst the tumor tissues and exosomes. Expression of TSG101 was significantly up-regulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues (p-value = 0.04). Moreover, higher expressions of TSG101 (cytoplasmic and nuclear) were significantly associated with tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.042) and distant metastasis (p-value = 0.027). A significant association was found in the cytoplasmic expression of TSG101 between well and moderate tumor differentiation (p-value = 0.005) as well as moderate and poor differentiation (p-value = 0.050). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the exploration of crosstalk between exosome content and CRC may be valuable for the development of novel exosomal biomarkers. Increased expression of TSG101, as a promising exosome marker, is more associated with more aggressive tumor behaviors, metastasis, and progression of CRC, which paves the way for therapeutic strategies and CRC management. However, further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of TSG101 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Gheytanchi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shahin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Naseri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lima A, Batista-Santos P, Veríssimo E, Rebelo P, Ferreira RB. Differential inhibition of gelatinase activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells by Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 33308217 PMCID: PMC7733245 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe's reported bioactivities (anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound healing) suggest they might inhibit a subgroup of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) called gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). The goal of the present study was to compare the MMP inhibitory potential of two Aloe species, A. vera and A. arborescens. METHODS Different types of extraction were tested and specific bioactive compounds were quantified. Cancer cell invasion inhibitory activities were measured in vitro using the wound healing assay in human colon cancer cells (HT29). Effects on gelatinase activities were further assessed by dye-quenched gelatin and gelatin zymography. RESULTS Different types of extraction yielded significantly different levels of bioactivities and of bioactive compounds, which might be due to a greater amount of extractable bioactive compounds such as anthraquinones. Both A. arborescens and A. vera have potential as inhibitory agents in cancer cell proliferation via MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzymatic activity inhibition, being able to reduce colon cancer cell proliferation and migration but A. arborescens showed to be a more effective inhibitor of cancer cell migration than A. vera. CONCLUSION This work opens novel perspectives on the mode of action of Aloe species in cancer cell migration and may provide clues as to why there are so many conflicting results on Aloe's activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lima
- Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Batista-Santos
- Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Veríssimo
- Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rebelo
- Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Boavida Ferreira
- Plants for Health and Nutrition, LEAF (Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
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Coni S, Serrao SM, Yurtsever ZN, Di Magno L, Bordone R, Bertani C, Licursi V, Ianniello Z, Infante P, Moretti M, Petroni M, Guerrieri F, Fatica A, Macone A, De Smaele E, Di Marcotullio L, Giannini G, Maroder M, Agostinelli E, Canettieri G. Blockade of EIF5A hypusination limits colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting MYC elongation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1045. [PMID: 33303756 PMCID: PMC7729396 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A (EIF5A) is a translation factor regulated by hypusination, a unique posttranslational modification catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthetase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) starting from the polyamine spermidine. Emerging data are showing that hypusinated EIF5A regulates key cellular processes such as autophagy, senescence, polyamine homeostasis, energy metabolism, and plays a role in cancer. However, the effects of EIF5A inhibition in preclinical cancer models, the mechanism of action, and specific translational targets are still poorly understood. We show here that hypusinated EIF5A promotes growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by directly regulating MYC biosynthesis at specific pausing motifs. Inhibition of EIF5A hypusination with the DHPS inhibitor GC7 or through lentiviral-mediated knockdown of DHPS or EIF5A reduces the growth of various CRC cells. Multiplex gene expression analysis reveals that inhibition of hypusination impairs the expression of transcripts regulated by MYC, suggesting the involvement of this oncogene in the observed effect. Indeed, we demonstrate that EIF5A regulates MYC elongation without affecting its mRNA content or protein stability, by alleviating ribosome stalling at five distinct pausing motifs in MYC CDS. Of note, we show that blockade of the hypusination axis elicits a remarkable growth inhibitory effect in preclinical models of CRC and significantly reduces the size of polyps in APCMin/+ mice, a model of human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Together, these data illustrate an unprecedented mechanism, whereby the tumor-promoting properties of hypusinated EIF5A are linked to its ability to regulate MYC elongation and provide a rationale for the use of DHPS/EIF5A inhibitors in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Serrao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuleyha Nihan Yurtsever
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Magno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Bordone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bertani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaira Ianniello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm U1052/CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159, Rome, Italy
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, Via del Forte Tiburtino 98, 00159, Rome, Italy.
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Interplay between APC and ALDH1B1 in a newly developed mouse model of colorectal cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109274. [PMID: 33007288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are pivotal in colorectal tumorigenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) knockdown dramatically reduced colon tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. The purpose of the present preliminary study is to examine the effect of loss of ALDH1B1 in CRC development in an inducible colon-specific Apc mouse model. METHODS ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre mice develop uni-allelic inactivation of Apc specifically in colon epithelial cells following tamoxifen treatment. Aldh1b1-/- KO mice were crossed with ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre mice. Six-month-old male ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1-/-, and ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ mice were treated with tamoxifen (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for three consecutive days. ApcW/F/Aldh1b1-/- and ApcW/F/Aldh1b1+/+ mice were treated with corn oil (i.e., tamoxifen vehicle control) for three consecutive days. Eighteen days later, mice were sacrificed and their colons examined microscopically, macroscopically and histologically for the presence of adenoma. RESULTS All ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ and ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1-/- mice treated with tamoxifen developed colorectal adenoma. The ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1-/- mice showed a significant decrease in the total volume of all ileal and colonic adenomas, and decreased incidence of large colonic adenoma compared to ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1+/+ mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and β-catenin showed a trend toward decreased expression score in colonic adenomas of ApcW/FCdx2ERT2-Cre/Aldh1b1-/- mice. CONCLUSION The present preliminary study suggests that deletion of ALDH1B1 may protect against the full development of colorectal cancer. Further mechanistic studies are required to elucidate how ALDH1B1 contributes for colorectal cancer.
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Xu M, Zhu J, Liu S, Wang C, Shi Q, Kuang Y, Fang X, Hu X. FOXD3, frequently methylated in colorectal cancer, acts as a tumor suppressor and induces tumor cell apoptosis under ER stress via p53. Carcinogenesis 2019; 41:1253-1262. [PMID: 31784734 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Forkhead box D3 (FOXD3), an important member of the forkhead box transcription factor family, has many biological functions. However, the role and signaling pathways of FOXD3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. We examined FOXD3 expression and methylation in normal colon mucosa, CRC cell lines and primary tumors by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing. We also evaluated its tumor-suppressive function by examining its modulation of apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CRC cells. The FOXD3 target signal pathway was identified by western blotting, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that FOXD3 was frequently methylated and silenced in CRC cell lines and was downregulated in CRC tissues compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, low FOXD3 protein expression was significantly correlated with poor histopathological grading, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of patients, indicating its potential as a tumor marker that may be of potential value as a therapeutic target for CRC. Moreover, restoration of FOXD3 expression inhibited the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. FOXD3 also increased mitochondrial apoptosis through the unfolded protein response under ER stress. Furthermore, we found that FOXD3 could bind directly to the promoter of p53 and enhance its expression. Knockdown of p53 impaired the effect of apoptosis induced by FOXD3. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that FOXD3, which is frequently methylated in CRC, acted as a tumor suppressor inducing tumor cell apoptosis under ER stress via p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery and Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Shi
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Maitra R, Thavornwatanayong T, Venkatesh MK, Chandy C, Vachss D, Augustine T, Guzik H, Koba W, Liu Q, Goel S. Development and Characterization of a Genetic Mouse Model of KRAS Mutated Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5677. [PMID: 31766149 PMCID: PMC6888417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with KRAS mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) represent a cohort with unmet medical needs, with limited options of FDA-approved therapies. Representing 40-45% of all CRC patients, they are considered ineligible to receive anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies that have added a significant therapeutic benefit for KRAS wild type CRC patients. Although several mouse models of CRC have been developed during the past decade, one genetically resembling the KRAS mutated CRC is yet to be established. In this study C57 BL/6 mice with truncated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) floxed allele was crossed with heterozygous KRAS floxed outbred mice to generate an APCf/f KRAS+/f mouse colony. In another set of breeding, APC floxed mice were crossed with CDX2-Cre-ERT2 mice and selected for APCf/f CDX2-Cre-ERT2 after the second round of inbreeding. The final model of the disease was generated by the cross of the two parental colonies and viable APC f/f KRAS +/f CDX2-Cre-ERT2 (KPC: APC) were genotyped and characterized. The model animals were tamoxifen (TAM) induced to generate tumors. Micro-positron emission tomography (PET) scan was used to detect and measure tumor volume and standard uptake value (SUV). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to establish neoplasm and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to determine histological similarities with human FFPE biopsies. The MSI/microsatellite stable (MSS) status was determined. Finally, the tumors were extensively characterized at the molecular level to establish similarities with human CRC tumors. The model KPC: APC animals are conditional mutants that developed colonic tumors upon induction with tamoxifen in a dose-dependent manner. The tumors were confirmed to be malignant within four weeks of induction by H&E staining and higher radioactive [18F] fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake (SUV) in micro-PET scan. Furthermore, the tumors histologically and molecularly resembled human colorectal carcinoma. Post tumor generation, the KPC: APC animals died of cachexia and rectal bleeding. Implications: This model is an excellent preclinical platform to molecularly characterize the KRAS mutated colorectal tumors and discern appropriate therapeutic strategies to improve disease management and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhashree Maitra
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Thongthai Thavornwatanayong
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Madhu Kumar Venkatesh
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Carol Chandy
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Dov Vachss
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Titto Augustine
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
| | - Hillary Guzik
- Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Wade Koba
- Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA;
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (T.T.); (M.K.V.); (C.C.); (D.V.); (T.A.)
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Asante I, Chui D, Pei H, Zhou E, De Giovanni C, Conti D, Louie S. Alterations in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism as colon cell transition from normal to cancerous. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:1-9. [PMID: 31035100 PMCID: PMC6570572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Folate-dependent one-carbon cycle metabolism (FOCM) plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability through regulating DNA biosynthesis, repair and methylation. Folate metabolites as well as other metabolites in the FOCM are hypothesized to be altered when cells transition from normal to cancerous state. Using cells at different stages in their development into colorectal cancer, the FOCM metabolites were profiled as an effort to phenotype the cells, and the metabolite levels were compared to the expressions of related genes. Here, we investigate whether there is a correlation between the metabolite levels, DNA methylation levels and the expression of the related genes that drive the levels of these metabolites. Using CRL1459, APC10.1, HCT116 and Caco-2, we show for the first time that FOCM metabolites correlate with the gene expression patterns. These differences follow a trend that may facilitate distinguishing colon cells at the different stages as they transition into cancerous state. The folate distribution and methionine levels were found to be key in determining the staging of the colon cells in CRC development. Also, expression of CBS, MTRR and MAT genes may facilitate distinguishing between untransformed and transformed colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Asante
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - D Chui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - H Pei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - E Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - C De Giovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - S Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Reiter RJ, Romero A. The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2239-2285. [PMID: 30950095 DOI: 10.1002/med.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the last few decades, melatonin has increasingly emerged in clinical oncology as a naturally occurring bioactive molecule with substantial anticancer properties and a pharmacological profile optimal for joining the currently available pharmacopeia. In addition, extensive experimental data shows that this chronobiotic agent exerts oncostatic effects throughout all stages of tumor growth, from initial cell transformation to mitigation of malignant progression and metastasis; additionally, melatonin alleviates the side effects and improves the welfare of radio/chemotherapy-treated patients. Thus, the support of clinicians and oncologists for the use of melatonin in both the treatment and proactive prevention of cancer is gaining strength. Because of its epidemiological importance and symptomatic debut in advanced stages of difficult clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preferential target for testing new therapies. In this regard, the development of effective forms of clinical intervention for the improvement of CRC outcome, specifically metastatic CRC, is urgent. At the same time, the need to reduce the costs of conventional anti-CRC therapy results is also imperative. In light of this status quo, the therapeutic potential of melatonin, and the direct and indirect critical processes of CRC malignancy it modulates, have aroused much interest. To illuminate the imminent future on CRC research, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple oncostatic actions displayed by melatonin in the onset and evolution of CRC and summarized epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings that support the broadly protective potential demonstrated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jiang J, Tang M, Huang Z, Chen L. Junctophilins emerge as novel therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16933-16943. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
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Jo SJ, Kim SH. Association between oncogenic RAS mutation and radiologic-pathologic findings in patients with primary rectal cancer. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:238-246. [PMID: 30976548 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the association between various radiologic-pathologic findings and oncogenic Kirsten-ras (KRAS) mutation in patients with primary rectal cancer. Methods Seventy-five patients with primary rectal cancer who had undergone rectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. The rectal MRI consisted of T2-weighted images in three planes, pre- and post-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, and axial diffusion-weighted images (b factors, 0, 1,000 s/mm2). Two radiologists reviewed the MRI scans and measured the axial and longitudinal tumor lengths (LTLs), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative contrast enhancement [signal intensity (SI) difference of tumor on pre- and post-contrast T1WI/SI of tumor on pre-contrast T1WI]. The associations among the qualitative data (tumor stage, node stage, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and perineural invasion), quantitative data (tumor length, ADC, relative contrast enhancement) and KRAS mutations were statistically analyzed by Fisher's exact test for the qualitative data and by the Mann-Whitney U test for the quantitative data. An area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was considered as the diagnostic performance for the prediction of KRAS mutation. Molecular-biologic results served as the reference standard. Results The ratio of axial to LTL in the KRAS-mutant group (n=41) was higher than that in the wild-type group (n=34) (0.29±0.15; 0.22±0.08, P=0.0117). The AUC was 0.640 (95% CI, 0.520 to 0.747, P=0.0292) with an estimated maximum accuracy of 64%. The mean ADC of the mutant group was not significantly different from that of the wild-type group [(0.95±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s; (0.96±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s, P=0.6505]. The relative contrast enhancement showed no significant difference between the two groups (1.66±0.93, 1.35±0.84, P=0.1581). The other qualitative findings also did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions The ratio of axial to LTL showed a significant difference according to KRAS mutation in patients with primary rectal cancer. However, it showed a low accuracy of 64% for prediction of KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Jo
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Kim
- Department of Radiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea
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Hu H, Zhou C, Li B, Chen Y, Dai J, Mao Y, Huang T, Yu H, Chen M, Zhao J, Duan S. Diagnostic value of RASSF1A hypermethylation in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1572-1578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lee JW, Lee SM. Radiomics in Oncological PET/CT: Clinical Applications. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:170-189. [PMID: 29942396 PMCID: PMC5995782 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used for staging, evaluating treatment response, and predicting prognosis in malignant diseases. FDG uptake and volumetric PET parameters such as metabolic tumor volume have been used and are still used as conventional PET parameters to assess biological characteristics of tumors. However, in recent years, additional features derived from PET images by computational processing have been found to reflect intratumoral heterogeneity, which is related to biological tumor features, and to provide additional predictive and prognostic information, which leads to the concept of radiomics. In this review, we focus on recent clinical studies of malignant diseases that investigated intratumoral heterogeneity on PET/CT, and we discuss its clinical role in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, 25, Simgok-ro 100 Gil 25, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22711 South Korea
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
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Hu X, Kuang Y, Li L, Tang H, Shi Q, Shu X, Zhang Y, Chan FKL, Tao Q, He C. Epigenomic and Functional Characterization of Junctophilin 3 (JPH3) as a Novel Tumor Suppressor Being Frequently Inactivated by Promoter CpG Methylation in Digestive Cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2150-2163. [PMID: 28656064 PMCID: PMC5485426 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctophilin (JPH) proteins stabilize junctional membrane complexes between plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, also implicated in some human diseases. JPH3 mutations are linked to Huntington's disease-like 2 syndrome. Through epigenomic study of a colon cancer cell line pair (HCT116 and DKO), we identified JPH3 as a methylated novel tumor suppressor gene (TSG) candidate at 16q24. We further studied its epigenetic alterations and functions in digestive tumorigenesis. JPH3 expression at the RNA level was found to be frequently silenced or reduced in colorectal and gastric cancers due to its promoter CpG methylation, which is associated with tumor progression and poor survival of digestive cancer patients. Ectopic expression of JPH3 inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. JPH3 expression upregulated the cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and unfolded protein response gene expression upon endoplasmic reticulum stress. JPH3 also induced calpain activation and subsequent mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell apoptosis. Thus, JPH3 was identified as a novel TSG methylated in colorectal and gastric tumors which promotes mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, also as a potential metastasis and survival biomarker for digestive cancers.
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Name N, Boonpipattanapong T, Palanusont A, Maneechay W, Sangkhathat S. Alteration of Leptin and Adiponectin in Multistep Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:Page. [PMID: 27221946 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an established link between obesity related metabolic derangement and colorectal cancer development. Recently, we developed a metabolic-colorectal cancer risk score. In this follow-up study, we studied its association with colorectal neoplasm by measuring two major metabolic syndrome biomarkers, leptin and adiponectin. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer and to determine any correlation with metabolic risk score. RESULTS In total, 130 individuals were studied: 30 controls without colonic pathology, 18 with colonic adenoma (CAP), and 82 with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC, 17 cases of T1-2 and 65 cases of T3-4). The metabolic risk scores in CAP and T1-2 CRC were higher than those in the controls and T3-4 CRC cases. There were no statistically significant differences in leptin levels among CAPs, CRCs, and controls. Both leptin and adiponectin levels reflected differences in body mass index and metabolic risk scores. Cases in the CAP group and early T-stage CRC groups had lower adiponectin levels (14.03 and 13.01 mg/ml, respectively) than the no polyps group (19.5mg/ml, p = 0.03). The average serum adiponectin level in the invasive cancer group (18.5 ng/ml) was comparable with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS The level of serum adiponectin was positively correlated with the metabolic risk score. Decreased serum adiponectin was significantly associated with the development of colorectal adenoma and early stage colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Name Name
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand E-mail :
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Yao Y, Suo T, Andersson R, Cao Y, Wang C, Lu J, Chui E. Dietary fibre for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 1:CD003430. [PMID: 28064440 PMCID: PMC6465195 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003430.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of the Cochrane review published in 2002.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. Experimental evidence has supported the hypothesis that dietary fibre may protect against the development of CRC, although epidemiologic data have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of dietary fibre on the recurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps in people with a known history of adenomatous polyps and on the incidence of CRC compared to placebo. Further, to identify the reported incidence of adverse effects, such as abdominal pain or diarrhoea, that resulted from the fibre intervention. SEARCH METHODS We identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from Cochrane Colorectal Cancer's Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase (search date, 4 April 2016). We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Trials Registry Platform on October 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs or quasi-RCTs. The population were those having a history of adenomatous polyps, but no previous history of CRC, and repeated visualisation of the colon/rectum after at least two-years' follow-up. Dietary fibre was the intervention. The primary outcomes were the number of participants with: 1. at least one adenoma, 2. more than one adenoma, 3. at least one adenoma greater than or equal to 1 cm, or 4. a new diagnosis of CRC. The secondary outcome was the number of adverse events. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessed trial quality and resolved discrepancies by consensus. We used risk ratios (RR) and risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to measure the effect. If statistical significance was reached, we reported the number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) or harmful outcome (NNTH). We combined the study data using the fixed-effect model if it was clinically, methodologically, and statistically reasonable. MAIN RESULTS We included seven studies, of which five studies with 4798 participants provided data for analyses in this review. The mean ages of the participants ranged from 56 to 66 years. All participants had a history of adenomas, which had been removed to achieve a polyp-free colon at baseline. The interventions were wheat bran fibre, ispaghula husk, or a comprehensive dietary intervention with high fibre whole food sources alone or in combination. The comparators were low-fibre (2 to 3 g per day), placebo, or a regular diet. The combined data showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for the number of participants with at least one adenoma (5 RCTs, n = 3641, RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.13, low-quality evidence), more than one adenoma (2 RCTs, n = 2542, RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20, low-quality evidence), or at least one adenoma 1 cm or greater (4 RCTs, n = 3224, RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.20, low-quality evidence) at three to four years. The results on the number of participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer favoured the control group over the dietary fibre group (2 RCTS, n = 2794, RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.85, low-quality evidence). After 8 years of comprehensive dietary intervention, no statistically significant difference was found in the number of participants with at least one recurrent adenoma (1 RCT, n = 1905, RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.20), or with more than one adenoma (1 RCT, n = 1905, RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.24). More participants given ispaghula husk group had at least one recurrent adenoma than the control group (1 RCT, n = 376, RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.08). Other analyses by types of fibre intervention were not statistically significant. The overall dropout rate was over 16% in these trials with no reasons given for these losses. Sensitivity analysis incorporating these missing data shows that none of the results can be considered as robust; when the large numbers of participants lost to follow-up were assumed to have had an event or not, the results changed sufficiently to alter the conclusions that we would draw. Therefore, the reliability of the findings may have been compromised by these missing data (attrition bias) and should be interpreted with caution. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of evidence from existing RCTs to suggest that increased dietary fibre intake will reduce the recurrence of adenomatous polyps in those with a history of adenomatous polyps within a two to eight year period. However, these results may be unreliable and should be interpreted cautiously, not only because of the high rate of loss to follow-up, but also because adenomatous polyp is a surrogate outcome for the unobserved true endpoint CRC. Longer-term trials with higher dietary fibre levels are needed to enable confident conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine UniversityDepartment of Anorectal Surgery725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui DistrictShanghaiShanghaiChina200032
| | - Tao Suo
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui DistrictShanghaiShanghaiChina200032
| | - Roland Andersson
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund UniversityDepartment of Surgery, Clinical SciencesLund University HospitalLundSwedenSE‐221 85
| | - Yongqing Cao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine UniversityDepartment of Anorectal Surgery725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui DistrictShanghaiShanghaiChina200032
| | - Chen Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine UniversityDepartment of Anorectal Surgery725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui DistrictShanghaiShanghaiChina200032
| | - Jingen Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine UniversityDepartment of Anorectal Surgery725 South Wanping Road, Xuhui DistrictShanghaiShanghaiChina200032
| | - Evelyne Chui
- Systematic Review Solutions Ltd5‐6 West Tashan RoadYan TaiChina264000
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Colorectal Cancer. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastric Adenoma and Gastric Cancer in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2469521. [PMID: 28105047 PMCID: PMC5220511 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2469521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims. To evaluate the incidence of gastric adenoma and gastric cancer in colorectal cancer patients, as well as the clinicopathological features that affect their incidence. Methods. Among patients who underwent surgery after being diagnosed with colorectal cancer between January 2004 and December 2013 at Chungnam National University Hospital, 142 patients who underwent follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were assigned to the patient group. The control group included 426 subjects randomly selected. The patient group was subdivided into two: one that developed gastric adenoma or cancer and one that did not. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between these groups. Results. In total, 35 (24.6%) colorectal cancer patients developed a gastric adenoma or gastric cancer, which was higher than the number in the control group (20 [4.7%] patients; p < 0.001). Age, alcohol history, and differentiation of colorectal cancer were associated with higher risks of gastric adenoma or gastric cancer, with odds ratios of 1.062, 6.506, and 5.901, respectively. Conclusions. In colorectal cancer patients, screening with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is important, even if no lesions are noted in the upper gastrointestinal tract at colorectal cancer diagnosis. Endoscopic screening is particularly important with increasing age, history of alcohol consumption, and poor cancer differentiation.
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García-Barros M, Coant N, Kawamori T, Wada M, Snider AJ, Truman JP, Wu BX, Furuya H, Clarke CJ, Bialkowska AB, Ghaleb A, Yang VW, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Role of neutral ceramidase in colon cancer. FASEB J 2016; 30:4159-4171. [PMID: 27609772 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600611r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism, especially ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, have been linked to colon cancer, suggesting that enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism may emerge as novel regulators and targets in colon cancer. Neutral ceramidase (nCDase), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that hydrolyzes ceramide into sphingosine, is highly expressed in the intestine; however, its role in colon cancer has not been defined. Here we show that molecular and pharmacological inhibition of nCDase in colon cancer cells increases ceramide, and this is accompanied by decreased cell survival and increased apoptosis and autophagy, with minimal effects on noncancerous cells. Inhibition of nCDase resulted in loss of β-catenin and inhibition of ERK, components of pathways relevant for colon cancer development. Furthermore, inhibition of nCDase in a xenograft model delayed tumor growth and increased ceramide while decreasing proliferation. It is noteworthy that mice lacking nCDase treated with azoxymethane were protected from tumor formation. Taken together, these studies show that nCDase is pivotal for regulating initiation and development of colon cancer, and these data suggest that this enzyme is a suitable and novel target for colon cancer therapy.-García-Barros, M., Coant, N., Kawamori, T., Wada, M., Snider, A. J., Truman, J.-P., Wu, B. X., Furuya, H., Clarke, C. J., Bialkowska, A. B., Ghaleb, A., Yang, V. W., Obeid, L. M., Hannun, Y. A. Role of neutral ceramidase in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica García-Barros
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Toshihiko Kawamori
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Research Institute for Cancer Prevention and Pathologic Diagnosis at Tokyo Leon Clinics, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Wada
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Philip Truman
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bill X Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Amr Ghaleb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, USA; .,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; and.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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McCubrey JA, Rakus D, Gizak A, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Scalisi A, Torino F, Fenga C, Neri LM, Marmiroli S, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Effects of mutations in Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and PI3K pathways on GSK-3 activity-Diverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2942-2976. [PMID: 27612668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. However, subsequent studies have revealed that this moon-lighting protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate not only metabolism but also have roles in: apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, regulation of gene transcription, stem cell biology and survival. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in various diseases as well as how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and TP53. Mutations that occur in these and other pathways can alter the effects that natural GSK-3 activity has on regulating these signaling circuits that can lead to cancer as well as other diseases. The novel roles that microRNAs play in regulation of the effects of GSK-3 will also be evaluated. Targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways may improve therapy and overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section - Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer with synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer in Korea: are microsatellite instability and p53 overexpression useful markers for predicting colorectal cancer in gastric cancer patients? Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:798-807. [PMID: 26445944 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large-scale study was performed to identify the risk factors for developing synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) in gastric cancer (GC) patients, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and p53 overexpression. METHODS A total of 1041 GC patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery and underwent colonoscopy simultaneously or during surveillance for GC were consecutively enrolled. Clinicopathologic characteristics, MSI, and p53 overexpression were compared between the GC patients with and those without synchronous and metachronous CRC. RESULTS Of the 1041 patients, CRCs were detected in 67 (6.4 %) patients with GC. Forty-six (4.4 %) had synchronous CRC and 21 (2.0 %) had metachronous CRC. Univariate analysis indicated that age ≥63 years (P < 0.001), male sex (P = 0.005), and p53 overexpression (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with a higher incidence of CRC. However, body mass index, smoking, tumor location, tumor multiplicity, tumor histology, TNM stage, and MSI were not significantly associated with the incidence of CRC. Age ≥63 years (OR: 5.881; 95 % CI: 3.083-11.221; P < 0.001) and male sex (OR: 2.933; 95 % CI: 1.307-6.584; P = 0.009) were risk factors for CRC in GC patients according to multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS GC patients who are male and/or ≥63 years old are recommended to receive colonoscopy to detect CRC. MSI and p53 overexpression were not useful molecular markers for predicting CRC in GC.
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Bordonaro M, Shirasawa S, Lazarova DL. In Hyperthermia Increased ERK and WNT Signaling Suppress Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8050049. [PMID: 27187477 PMCID: PMC4880866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neoplastic cells exhibit relatively higher sensitivity to hyperthermia than normal cells, hyperthermia has had variable success as an anti-cancer therapy. This variable outcome might be due to the fact that cancer cells themselves have differential degrees of sensitivity to high temperature. We hypothesized that the varying sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to hyperthermia depends upon the differential induction of survival pathways. Screening of such pathways revealed that Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) signaling is augmented by hyperthermia, and the extent of this modulation correlates with the mutation status of V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS). Through clonal growth assays, apoptotic analyses and transcription reporter assays of CRC cells that differ only in KRAS mutation status we established that mutant KRAS cells are more sensitive to hyperthermia, as they exhibit sustained ERK signaling hyperactivation and increased Wingless/Integrated (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. We propose that whereas increased levels of WNT and ERK signaling and a positive feedback between the two pathways is a major obstacle in anti-cancer therapy today, under hyperthermia the hyperinduction of the pathways and their positive crosstalk contribute to CRC cell death. Ascertaining the causative association between types of mutations and hyperthermia sensitivity may allow for a mutation profile-guided application of hyperthermia as an anti-cancer therapy. Since KRAS and WNT signaling mutations are prevalent in CRC, our results suggest that hyperthermia-based therapy might benefit a significant number, but not all, CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Darina L Lazarova
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
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37
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Lovinfosse P, Koopmansch B, Lambert F, Jodogne S, Kustermans G, Hatt M, Visvikis D, Seidel L, Polus M, Albert A, Delvenne P, Hustinx R. (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging in rectal cancer: relationship with the RAS mutational status. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20160212. [PMID: 27146067 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treating metastatic colorectal cancer with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies is recommended only for patients whose tumour does not harbour mutations of KRAS or NRAS. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology of rectal cancers and specifically to evaluate the relationship between fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) intensity and heterogeneity parameters and their mutational status. METHODS 151 patients with newly diagnosed rectal cancer were included in this retrospective study. All patients underwent a baseline (18)F-FDG PET/CT within a median time interval of 27 days of tumour tissue sampling, which was performed before any treatment. Standardized uptake values (SUVs), volume-based parameters and texture analysis were studied. We retrospectively performed KRAS genotyping on codons 12, 13, 61, 117 and 146, NRAS genotyping on codons 12, 13 and 61 and BRAF on codon 600. Associations between PET/CT parameters and the mutational status were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 83 (55%) patients had an RAS mutation: 74 KRAS and 9 NRAS, while 68 patients had no mutation (wild-type tumours). No patient had BRAF mutation. First-order features based on intensity histogram analysis were significantly associated with RAS mutations: maximum SUV (SUVmax) (p-value = 0.002), mean SUV (p-value = 0.006), skewness (p-value = 0.049), SUV standard deviation (p-value = 0.001) and SUV coefficient of variation (SUVcov) (p-value = 0.001). Both SUVcov and SUVmax showed an area under the curve of 0.65 with sensitivity of 56% and 69%, respectively, and specificity of 64% and 52%, respectively. None of the volume-based (metabolic tumour volume and total lesion glycolysis), nor local or regional textural features were associated with the presence of RAS mutations. CONCLUSION Although rectal cancers with KRAS or NRAS mutations display a significantly higher glucose metabolism than wild-type cancers, the accuracy of the currently proposed quantitative metrics extracted from (18)F-FDG PET/CT is not sufficiently high for playing a meaningful clinical role. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE RAS-mutated rectal cancers have a significantly higher glucose metabolism. However, the accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT quantitative metrics is not as such as the technique could play a clinical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lovinfosse
- 1 Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging Division, Medical Physics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Koopmansch
- 2 Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab Lg, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frederic Lambert
- 2 Center for Human Genetic, Molecular Haemato-Oncology Unit, UniLab Lg, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Jodogne
- 3 Department of Medical Physics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Kustermans
- 4 Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Hatt
- 5 LaTIM, INSERM UMR 1101, IBSAM, University of Brest, France
| | | | - Laurence Seidel
- 6 Department of Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Polus
- 7 Department of Gastro-enterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Belgium
| | - Adelin Albert
- 6 Department of Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- 4 Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roland Hustinx
- 1 Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging Division, Medical Physics Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Ruiz de Sabando A, Wang C, He Y, García-Barros M, Kim J, Shroyer KR, Bannister TD, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. ML264, A Novel Small-Molecule Compound That Potently Inhibits Growth of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:72-83. [PMID: 26621868 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in Western civilization. Studies have shown that colorectal cancer arises as a consequence of the modification of genes that regulate important cellular functions. Deregulation of the WNT and RAS/MAPK/PI3K signaling pathways has been shown to be important in the early stages of colorectal cancer development and progression. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the proliferating intestinal crypt epithelial cells. Previously, we showed that KLF5 is a mediator of RAS/MAPK and WNT signaling pathways under homeostatic conditions and that it promotes their tumorigenic functions during the development and progression of intestinal adenomas. Recently, using an ultrahigh-throughput screening approach we identified a number of novel small molecules that have the potential to provide therapeutic benefits for colorectal cancer by targeting KLF5 expression. In the current study, we show that an improved analogue of one of these screening hits, ML264, potently inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro through modifications of the cell-cycle profile. Moreover, in an established xenograft mouse model of colon cancer, we demonstrate that ML264 efficiently inhibits growth of the tumor within 5 days of treatment. We show that this effect is caused by a significant reduction in proliferation and that ML264 potently inhibits the expression of KLF5 and EGR1, a transcriptional activator of KLF5. These findings demonstrate that ML264, or an analogue, may hold a promise as a novel therapeutic agent to curb the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Ruiz de Sabando
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Yuanjun He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Julie Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
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Kim SB, Bozeman RG, Kaisani A, Kim W, Zhang L, Richardson JA, Wright WE, Shay JW. Radiation promotes colorectal cancer initiation and progression by inducing senescence-associated inflammatory responses. Oncogene 2015; 35:3365-75. [PMID: 26477319 PMCID: PMC4837107 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Proton radiotherapy is becoming more common since protons induce more precise DNA damage at the tumor site with reduced side effects to adjacent normal tissues. However, the long-term biological effects of proton irradiation in cancer initiation compared to conventional photon irradiation are poorly characterized. In this study, using a human familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome susceptible mouse model, we show that whole body irradiation with protons are more effective in inducing senescence-associated inflammatory responses (SIR) which are involved in colon cancer initiation and progression. After proton irradiation, a subset of SIR genes (Troy, Sox17, Opg, Faim2, Lpo, Tlr2 and Ptges) and a gene known to be involved in invasiveness (Plat), along with the senescence associated gene (P19Arf) are markedly increased. Following these changes loss of Casein kinase Iα (CKIα) and induction of chronic DNA damage and TP53 mutations are increased compared to x-ray irradiation. Proton irradiation also increases the number of colonic polyps, carcinomas and invasive adenocarcinomas. Pretreatment with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, CDDO-EA, reduces proton irradiation associated SIR and tumorigenesis. Thus, exposure to proton irradiation elicits significant changes in colorectal cancer initiation and progression that can be mitigated using CDDO-EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R G Bozeman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Kaisani
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J A Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhang C, Yu H, Xu H, Yang L. Expression of secreted phospholipase A2-Group IIA correlates with prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3050-3058. [PMID: 26722288 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of secretory phospholipase A2-Group IIA (sPLA2-II) in gastric adenocarcinoma, in order to evaluate the correlation between sPLA2-II expression, and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Between January 2007 and April 2010, data were collected from 65 patients (44 males, 21 females; age range, 30-79 years; mean 66.7 ± 10.7 years). All patients exhibited a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic biopsy specimens of normal gastric mucosa from 11 of these patients were used as controls. Patients were subsequently followed-up at 3-month intervals, and survival data were recorded until April 2010. Expression of sPLA2-II in 65 gastric adenocarcinoma and 11 normal gastric mucosa specimens was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. A semi-quantitative method, consisting of evaluation of staining percentage and intensity, was utilized for immunohistochemical scoring, and the receiver operating characteristic curve method was applied to select a cut-off score for high and low sPLA2-II expression. The value of 8 was selected as the cut-off score, with maximum sensitivity and specificity. High sPLA2-II expression was observed in stage III/IV cases (83.3%; 40/48) and poorly differentiated cells (94.1%; 32/34), while sPLA2-II expression levels were observed to be significantly lower in stage I/II cases (52.9%; 9/17) and well and moderately differentiated cells (54.8%; 17/31; P=0.021 and P<0.001, respectively). There were no significant correlations observed between sPLA2-II expression and any other clinicopathological parameters, including gender, age, tumor diameter and Helicobacter pylori infection. Patients exhibiting low sPLA2-II expression experienced significantly improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), compared with those exhibiting high sPLA2-II expression (P=0.043 and P=0.035, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high sPLA2-II expression may be an independent prognostic factor for OS [relative risk, 2.849; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.088-7.459; P=0.033] and DFS (relative risk, 2.735; 95% CI, 1.104-6.776; P=0.030) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Therefore, sPLA2-II may be correlated with the histogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma, and increased sPLA2-II expression may be an indicator of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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41
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Gilardoni E, Bernasconi DP, Poli S, Garancini M, Luperto M, Zucchini N, Bovo G, Totis M, Bugatti A, Gianotti L. Surveillance for early stages of colon cancer: potentials for optimizing follow-up protocols. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:260. [PMID: 26311420 PMCID: PMC4551712 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several meta-analyses showed the positive effects of follow-up on the prognosis of colon cancer (CC), international guidelines are not in accordance on appropriate tests and their time frequency to optimize surveillance. Furthermore, stratified strategies based upon risk grading have not been implemented. This approach may be useful to rationalize resources. Methods From 2006, all patients operated for an early stage CC (I, IIA, IIB) according to the 7th edition of the AJCC-2010 classification entered in a prospective surveillance program in accordance to our local guidelines. Patients who underwent surgical resection after 2009 have been excluded to guarantee at least a 5-year follow-up. Classic histopathologic prognostic factors such as grade, T and N status, lymphatic and vascular invasion were assessed. Moreover, tumor budding and tumor-to-stroma proportion were evaluated. Results We had complete records of 196 patients. Distribution was as follows: 65 (33.2 %) in stage I, 122 (62.2 %) in stage IIA, and 9 (4.6 %) in stage IIB. Eleven patients (5.6 %) had a disease recurrence (local or distant). The median recurrence time was 20 months (range 6–48). Nine patients (82 %) had recurrence with 24 months, and 91 % were asymptomatic and detected by ultrasound or CT scan. According to the log-rank test, the risk factors with significant effect on the disease-free survival (DFS) were the number of lymph nodes <12 (p = 0.027) and the vascular invasion (p = 0.021), while for the overall (OS), only the vascular invasion was significant (p = 0.043). By the univariate and multivariate analyses, DSF was significantly lower in patients with less than 12 nodes removed, with vascular invasion, and with left of double cancer. OS was negatively affected only by vascular invasion despite the hazard ratios were similar to DSF. Stage IIB was associated with a threefold-increased risk of reduced OS and DSF. Conclusions Stages I and IIA appear to behave similarly and should be considered as true early stages. The detection of fibrosis and budding do not seem to add valuable information for prognosis. In early CC stages, the surveillance program should be maximized within the first two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gilardoni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Paolo Bernasconi
- Department of Health Science, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Poli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Garancini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Margherita Luperto
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Bovo
- Unit of Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Mauro Totis
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alvaro Bugatti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Luca Gianotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Milano-Bicocca University, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital (4° piano A), Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy.
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Yashiro M. Molecular Alterations of Colorectal Cancer with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2251-63. [PMID: 25840920 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important etiologic factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk of CRC begins to increase 8 or 10 years after the diagnosis of IBD. This type of cancer is called colitis-associated CRC (CA-CRC). The molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory epithelium might play a critical role in the development of CA-CRC. Genetic alterations detected in CA-CRC such as genetic mutations, microsatellite instability, and DNA hypermethylation are also recognized in sporadic CRC; however, there are differences in the timing and frequency of molecular events between CA-CRC and sporadic CRC. Interaction between gene-environmental factors, including inflammation, lifestyle, psychological stress, and prior appendectomy, might be associated with the etiopathology of IBD. The mucosal inflammatory mediators, such as oxidant stress, free radicals, and chemokines, may cause the genetic alterations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of CA-CRC might be important to develop clinical efficacies for patients with IBD. This review discusses the molecular characteristics of CA-CRC, especially ulcerative colitis-associated CRC, including clinical features, signaling pathways, and interactions between genetic alterations and environment involved in inflammatory carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan,
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Sasada T, Hinoi T, Saito Y, Adachi T, Takakura Y, Kawaguchi Y, Sotomaru Y, Sentani K, Oue N, Yasui W, Ohdan H. Chlorinated Water Modulates the Development of Colorectal Tumors with Chromosomal Instability and Gut Microbiota in Apc-Deficient Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132435. [PMID: 26186212 PMCID: PMC4505894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to a variety of chemicals and commensal bacteria. Recent studies have shown that changes in gut microbial populations caused by chlorine or other chemicals in the drinking water influence the development of human colorectal cancer, although the mechanism of tumorigenesis in the gut epithelium is obfuscated by the diversity of microflora and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. In this regard, mouse models that recapitulate human colorectal cancer are an invaluable tool. In this study, we used two conditional adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) knockout mouse models to investigate the effect of chlorinated water on tumorigenesis in the digestive tract. Mice with colon-specific carcinoma--caused by either chromosomal (CDX2P 9.5-NLS Cre;Apc(+/flox), abbreviated to CPC;Apc) or microsatellite (CDX2P9.5-G19Cre;Apc(flox/flox) and CDX2P9.5-G22Cre;Apc(flox/flox)) instability, respectively--were administered chlorinated (10.0 mg/L chlorine) or tap (0.7 mg/L chlorine) water and evaluated for colon polyp formation. In CPC;Apc mice given chlorinated drinking water, tumors tended to develop in the colon, whereas in those that drank tap water, tumors were mostly observed in the small intestine. There was no difference in the rate of tumor formation of CDX2P9.5-G19Cre;Apc(flox/flox) and CDX2P9.5-G22Cre;Apc(flox/flox) mice consuming chlorinated as compared to tap water, suggesting that microsatellite instability in the Apc gene does not significantly affect tumorigenesis. Chlorinated water altered the enteric environment by reducing the fecal populations of the obligatory anaerobes Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile, as well as species belonging to the Atopobium cluster, including Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus sp., which was associated with colon tumorigenesis in CPC;Apc mice. These results suggest that differences in tumorigenesis among CPC;Apc mice consuming chlorinated versus tap water may be due to differences in gastrointestinal commensal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunari Sasada
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Takakura
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotomaru
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Science, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Rodd AL, Ververis K, Sayakkarage D, Khan AW, Rafehi H, Ziemann M, Loveridge SJ, Lazarus R, Kerr C, Lockett T, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC, Bennett LE. RNA sequencing supports distinct reactive oxygen species-mediated pathways of apoptosis by high and low size mass fractions of Bay leaf (Lauris nobilis) in HT-29 cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:2507-24. [PMID: 26114728 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) in mammalian cancer and HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells have been previously attributed to effects of polyphenolic and essential oil chemical species. Recently, we demonstrated differentiated growth-regulating effects of high (HFBL) versus low molecular mass (LFBL) aqueous fractions of bay leaf and now confirm by comparative effects on gene expression, that HFBL and LFBL suppress HT-29 growth by distinct mechanisms. Induction of intra-cellular lesions including DNA strand breakage by extra-cellular HFBL, invoked the hypothesis that iron-mediated reactive oxygen species with capacity to penetrate cell membrane, were responsible for HFBL-mediated effects, supported by equivalent effects of HFBL in combination with γ radiation. Activities of HFBL and LFBL were interpreted to reflect differentiated responses to iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS), occurring either outside or inside cells. In the presence of LFBL, apoptotic death was relatively delayed compared with HFBL. ROS production by LFBL mediated p53-dependent apoptosis and recovery was suppressed by promoting G1/S phase arrest and failure of cellular tight junctions. In comparison, intra-cellular anti-oxidant protection exerted by LFBL was absent for extra-cellular HFBL (likely polysaccharide-rich), which potentiated more rapid apoptosis by producing DNA double strand breaks. Differentiated effects on expression of genes regulating ROS defense and chromatic condensation by LFBL versus HFBL, were observed. The results support ferrous iron in cell culture systems and potentially in vivo, can invoke different extra-cellular versus intra-cellular ROS-mediated chemistries, that may be regulated by exogenous, including dietary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle L Rodd
- Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Bonyadi MJ, Asvadi Kermani I, Farassati F, Dastgiri S. Colorectal cancer in iran: molecular epidemiology and screening strategies. J Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 2015:643020. [PMID: 25685149 PMCID: PMC4312646 DOI: 10.1155/2015/643020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the past three decades in Iran has made it a major public health burden. This study aimed to report its epidemiologic features, molecular genetic aspects, survival, heredity, and screening pattern in Iran. Methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the relevant published articles. We used medical subject headings, including colorectal cancer, molecular genetics, KRAS and BRAF mutations, screening, survival, epidemiologic study, and Iran. Results. Age standardized incidence rate of Iranian CRCs was 11.6 and 10.5 for men and women, respectively. Overall five-year survival rate was 41%, and the proportion of CRC among the younger age group was higher than that of western countries. Depending on ethnicity, geographical region, dietary, and genetic predisposition, mutation genes were considerably diverse and distinct among CRCs across Iran. The high occurrence of CRC in records of relatives of CRC patients showed that family history of CRC was more common among young CRCs. Conclusion. Appropriate screening strategies for CRC which is amenable to early detection through screening, especially in relatives of CRCs, should be considered as the first step in CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Dolatkhah
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Iraj Asvadi Kermani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faris Farassati
- Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical School, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, KUMC, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Saeed Dastgiri
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Fu J, Zou Y, Huang Z, Yan C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Lai Y, Peng S, Zhang Y. Identification of nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of oleanolic acid as potential anti-colon cancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NO-releasing hybrid 6 regulates colon cancer-related signaling pathways, exhibiting potent anti-colon cancer activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Qimeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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Pandurangan AK, Saadatdoust Z, Esa NM, Hamzah H, Ismail A. Dietary cocoa protects against colitis-associated cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Biofactors 2015; 41:1-14. [PMID: 25545372 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common cancer worldwide. Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for CRC. Cocoa contains many polyphenolic compounds that have beneficial effects in humans. The objective of this study is to explore the antioxidant properties of cocoa in the mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer, focusing on the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Mice were treated with AOM/DSS and randomized to receive either a control diet or a 5 and 10% cocoa diet during the study period. On day 62 of the experiment, the entire colon was processed for biochemical and histopathological examination and further evaluations. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in AOM/DSS-induced mice; however, subsequent administration of cocoa decreased the MDA. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were decreased in the AOM/DSS mice. Cocoa treatment increases the activities/levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, were elevated during AOM/DSS-induction, and treatment with 5 and 10% cocoa effectively decreases the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The NF-E2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets, such as NQO1 and UDP-GT, were increased by cocoa treatment. The results of our study suggest that cocoa may merit further clinical investigation as a chemopreventive agent that helps prevent CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Belmont PJ, Budinska E, Jiang P, Sinnamon MJ, Coffee E, Roper J, Xie T, Rejto PA, Derkits S, Sansom OJ, Delorenzi M, Tejpar S, Hung KE, Martin ES. Cross-species analysis of genetically engineered mouse models of MAPK-driven colorectal cancer identifies hallmarks of the human disease. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:613-23. [PMID: 24742783 PMCID: PMC4036469 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment options for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) are limited, survival rates are poor and this disease continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite being a highly heterogeneous disease, a large subset of individuals with sporadic CRC typically harbor relatively few established 'driver' lesions. Here, we describe a collection of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of sporadic CRC that combine lesions frequently altered in human patients, including well-characterized tumor suppressors and activators of MAPK signaling. Primary tumors from these models were profiled, and individual GEMM tumors segregated into groups based on their genotypes. Unique allelic and genotypic expression signatures were generated from these GEMMs and applied to clinically annotated human CRC patient samples. We provide evidence that a Kras signature derived from these GEMMs is capable of distinguishing human tumors harboring KRAS mutation, and tracks with poor prognosis in two independent human patient cohorts. Furthermore, the analysis of a panel of human CRC cell lines suggests that high expression of the GEMM Kras signature correlates with sensitivity to targeted pathway inhibitors. Together, these findings implicate GEMMs as powerful preclinical tools with the capacity to recapitulate relevant human disease biology, and support the use of genetic signatures generated in these models to facilitate future drug discovery and validation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Belmont
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eva Budinska
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping Jiang
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mark J Sinnamon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Erin Coffee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tao Xie
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul A Rejto
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sahra Derkits
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth E Hung
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Clinical Research, Cambridge, 02140 MA, USA
| | - Eric S Martin
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Adachi T, Hinoi T, Sasaki Y, Niitsu H, Saito Y, Miguchi M, Shimomura M, Ohdan H. Colonoscopy as a tool for evaluating colorectal tumor development in a mouse model. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:217-23. [PMID: 24212401 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A sporadic colon cancer mouse model with conditional mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) is biologically relevant for human colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to determine the utility and limitations of colonoscopy for evaluating colon tumors in this mouse model. METHODS We compared the estimates of location, size, and miss rate of tumors detected during colonoscopy with those determined by necropsy. Sixty-six CPC-Apc mice originating from Apc (F/wt) mice harbor a Cdx2-Cre transgene in which colorectal tumorigenesis was driven by Apc allelic loss. The sensitivity and specificity of colonoscopy for detecting tumors in a mouse CRC model were investigated. RESULTS A strong positive correlation was found between tumor location as measured by colonoscopy and the location determined by necropsy (p < 0.001). A total of 120 tumors were graded during colonoscopy (grades 1-5: 0, 8, 20, 27, and 65 lesions, respectively), and a strong positive correlation was found between the tumor grade determined by colonoscopy and size measured by necropsy (grades 2-5: 2.08, 2.98, 4.02, and 5.09 mm, respectively; p < 0.005). Although the miss rate was 47.1 %, most of the missed tumors (96 %) were in close proximity (within 5 mm) of another tumor. CONCLUSIONS A colonoscopic method for the reliable measurement of colorectal tumors in vivo has been established. The application of this technique to mouse models of colon carcinogenesis will provide a better understanding of the dynamics of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Sciences, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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