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de Jong D, Desperito E, Al Feghali KA, Dercle L, Seban RD, Das JP, Ma H, Sajan A, Braumuller B, Prendergast C, Liou C, Deng A, Roa T, Yeh R, Girard A, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. Advances in PET/CT Imaging for Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4537. [PMID: 37445572 PMCID: PMC10342839 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One out of eight women will be affected by breast cancer during her lifetime. Imaging plays a key role in breast cancer detection and management, providing physicians with information about tumor location, heterogeneity, and dissemination. In this review, we describe the latest advances in PET/CT imaging of breast cancer, including novel applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT and the development and testing of new agents for primary and metastatic breast tumor imaging and therapy. Ultimately, these radiopharmaceuticals may guide personalized approaches to optimize treatment based on the patient's specific tumor profile, and may become a new standard of care. In addition, they may enhance the assessment of treatment efficacy and lead to improved outcomes for patients with a breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine de Jong
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France;
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Jeeban P. Das
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Abin Sajan
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Brian Braumuller
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Conor Prendergast
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Connie Liou
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Aileen Deng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Novant Health, 170 Medical Park Road, Mooresville, NC 28117, USA;
| | - Tina Roa
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Randy Yeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.P.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Antoine Girard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Mary M. Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Kathleen M. Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (E.D.); (L.D.); (H.M.); (A.S.); (B.B.); (C.P.); (C.L.); (T.R.); (M.M.S.)
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2
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Altunay B, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM. Use of Radionuclide-Based Imaging Methods in Breast Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:561-573. [PMID: 35624034 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. Thus, early and effective breast cancer diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate. Current standard diagnostic techniques to assess the hormone receptor status in biopsies include immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in research on noninvasive techniques for molecular imaging of hormone receptors. These methods offer many advantages over conventional imaging, as repeated measurements can be used to capture heterogeneous tumor expression throughout the body, as well as transformations in receptor status during disease progression. Thus, the noninvasive method, as an adjunct to conventional imaging, offers the potential to improve patient selection, optimize dose and schedule, and streamline the assessment of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Altunay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Germany; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Sitia L, Sevieri M, Signati L, Bonizzi A, Chesi A, Mainini F, Corsi F, Mazzucchelli S. HER-2-Targeted Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2424. [PMID: 35626028 PMCID: PMC9139811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) overexpressing breast cancer is a breast cancer subtype characterized by high aggressiveness, high frequency of brain metastases and poor prognosis. HER-2, a glycoprotein belonging to the ErbB receptor family, is overexpressed on the outer membrane of cancer cells and has been an important therapeutic target for the development of targeted drugs, such as the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab. These therapies have been available in clinics for more than twenty years. However, despite the initial enthusiasm, a major issue emerged limiting HER-2 targeted therapy efficacy, i.e., the evolution of drug resistance, which could be tackled by nanotechnology. The aim of this review is to provide a first critical update on the different types of HER-2-targeted nanoparticles that have been proposed in the literature in the last decade for therapeutic purposes. We focus on the different targeting strategies that have been explored, their relative outcomes and current limitations that still need to be improved. Then, we review the nanotools developed as diagnostic kits, focusing on the most recent techniques, which allow accurate quantification of HER-2 levels in tissues, with the aim of promoting more personalized medicinal approaches in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Sitia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Marta Sevieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Lorena Signati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Arianna Chesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Mainini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Salvatore Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (L.S.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (F.C.)
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Prediction of HER2 expression in breast cancer by combining PET/CT radiomic analysis and machine learning. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 36:172-182. [PMID: 34716873 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression status determination significantly contributes to HER2-targeted therapy in breast cancer (BC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of radiomics and machine learning based on PET/CT images in HER2 status prediction, and to identify the most effective combination of machine learning model and radiomic features. METHODS A total of 217 BC patients who underwent PET/CT examination were involved in the study and randomly divided into a training set (n = 151) and a testing set (n = 66). For all four models, the model parameters were determined using a threefold cross-validation in the training set. Each model's performance was evaluated on the independent testing set using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and AUC was calculated to get a quantified performance measurement of each model. RESULTS Among the four developed machine learning models, the XGBoost model outperformed other machine learning models in HER2 status prediction. Furthermore, compared to the XGBoost model based on PET alone or CT alone radiomic features, the predictive power for HER2 status by using XGBoost model based on PET/CTmean or PET/CTconcat radiomic fusion features was dramatically improved with an AUC of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.83) and 0.72 (0.65-0.80), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established machine learning classifier based on PET/CT radiomic features is potentially predictive of HER2 status in BC.
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5
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Zhao L, Liu C, Xing Y, He J, O'Doherty J, Huang W, Zhao J. Development of a 99mTc-Labeled Single-Domain Antibody for SPECT/CT Assessment of HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3616-3622. [PMID: 34328338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is essential for HER2-targeted therapy in patients with cancer. HER2 expression in a complex environment, such as in a heterogeneous tumor, makes the precise assessment of the HER2 status difficult using current methods. In this study, we developed a novel 99mTc-labeled anti-HER2 single-domain antibody (99mTc-NM-02) as a molecular imaging tracer for the noninvasive detection of HER2 expression and investigated its safety, radiation dosimetry, biodistribution, and tumor-targeting potential in 10 patients with breast cancer. Our data showed that no drug-related adverse reactions occurred. The tracer mainly accumulated in the kidneys and liver with mild uptake in the spleen, intestines, and thyroid; however, only background tracer levels were observed in other organs where primary tumors and metastases typically occurred. The mean effective dose was 6.56 × 10-3 mSv/MBq, and tracer uptake was visually observed in the primary tumors and metastases. A maximal standard uptake value of 1.5 was determined as a reasonable cutoff for identifying HER2 positivity using SPECT/CT imaging. Our 99mTc-NM-02 tracer is safe for use in breast cancer imaging, with reasonable radiation doses, favorable biodistribution, and imaging characteristics. 99mTc-NM-02 SPECT imaging may be an accurate and noninvasive method to detect the HER2 status in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Changcun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jim O'Doherty
- Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
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6
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Kenney M, Mamo L. The imaginary of precision public health. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2020; 46:192-203. [PMID: 31420373 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2018-011597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, precision medicine has emerged as a charismatic name for a growing movement to revolutionise biomedicine by bringing genomic knowledge and sequencing to clinical care. Increasingly, the precision revolution has also included a new paradigm called precision public health-part genomics, part informatics, part public health and part biomedicine. Advocates of precision public health, such as Sue Desmond-Hellmann, argue that adopting cutting-edge big data approaches will allow public health actors to precisely target populations who experience the highest burden of disease and mortality, creating more equitable health futures. In this article we analyse precision public health as a sociotechnical imaginary, examining how calls for precision shape which public health efforts are seen as necessary and desirable. By comparing the rhetoric of precision public health to precision warfare, we find that precision prescribes technical solutions to complex problems and promises data-driven futures free of uncertainty, unnecessary suffering and inefficient use of resources. We look at how these imagined futures shape the present as they animate public health initiatives in the Global South funded by powerful philanthropic organisations, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as local efforts to address cancer disparities in San Francisco. Through our analysis of the imaginary of precision public health, we identify an emerging tension between health equity goals and precision's technical solutions. Using large datasets to target interventions with greater precision, we argue, fails to address the upstream social determinants of health that give rise to health disparities worldwide. Therefore, we urge caution around investing in precision without a complementary commitment to addressing the social and economic conditions that are the root cause of health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kenney
- Women and Gender Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laura Mamo
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Richter A, Knorr K, Schlapschy M, Robu S, Morath V, Mendler C, Yen HY, Steiger K, Kiechle M, Weber W, Skerra A, Schwaiger M. First In-Human Medical Imaging with a PASylated 89Zr-Labeled Anti-HER2 Fab-Fragment in a Patient with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 54:114-119. [PMID: 32377263 PMCID: PMC7198682 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose PASylation® offers the ability to systematically tune and optimize the pharmacokinetics of protein tracers for molecular imaging. Here we report the first clinical translation of a PASylated Fab fragment (89Zr∙Df-HER2-Fab-PAS200) for the molecular imaging of tumor-related HER2 expression. Methods A patient with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer received 37 MBq of 89Zr∙Df-HER2-Fab-PAS200 at a total mass dose of 70 μg. PET/CT was carried out 6, 24, and 45 h after injection, followed by image analysis of biodistribution, normal organ uptake, and lesion targeting. Results Images show a biodistribution typical for protein tracers, characterized by a prominent blood pool 6 h p.i., which decreased over time. Lesions were detectable as early as 24 h p.i. 89Zr∙Df-HER2-Fab-PAS200 was tolerated well. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a PASylated Fab tracer shows appropriate blood clearance to allow sensitive visualization of small tumor lesions in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Richter
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Knorr
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schlapschy
- 2Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Robu
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Morath
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Mendler
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- 3Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- 3Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- 4Department of Gynaecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- 1Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- 2Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- 5Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Marshall DA, Ferrusi IL, Trudeau M, Leighl NB, Hoch JS, Grazziotin LR, Khong H, Pullenayegum E, Earle CC. Adherence to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 testing and adjuvant trastuzumab treatment guidelines in Ontario. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 26:379-385. [PMID: 31156051 DOI: 10.1177/1078155219850299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated adherence of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 testing using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, as well as adjuvant trastuzumab treatment according to Canadian guidelines, and predictors of trastuzumab use in early-stage breast cancer in Ontario. METHODS Retrospective cohort of early-stage breast cancer patients identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 test type, sequence, result(s), tumor grade, and hormone receptor status were abstracted from Ontario Cancer Registry pathology reports. Trastuzumab treatment was determined from provincial cancer agency records. Other variables were determined from administrative data sources. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with guideline adherence. RESULTS The first human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 test result was the strongest predictor of confirmatory testing (p < 0.05). Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 testing by immunohistochemistry accounted for the majority of documented first tests (94%; n = 8249). Overall, 27% (n = 2360) of tested patients received a second test by fluorescence in situ hybridization (46%) or immunohistochemistry (49%) assay. Most human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 equivocal patients (89%; n = 784) received a confirmatory test. Among human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive patients, only 57% (n = 385) received trastuzumab treatment within the study period. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status was the strongest predictor of trastuzumab use. Younger patients (<70 years at diagnosis) and negative hormone receptor status had higher odds of trastuzumab treatment (p < 0.05) compared to older and positive hormone receptor status patients. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemistry use as a first test was largely consistent with Canadian guidelines; however, immunohistochemistry was frequently used as a confirmatory test, which is not guideline-concordant. Monitoring these testing and treating patterns is necessary to optimize health outcomes associated with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Marshall
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ilia L Ferrusi
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maureen Trudeau
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha B Leighl
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Hoch
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luiza R Grazziotin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hoa Khong
- Alberta Bone & Joint Health Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eleanor Pullenayegum
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig C Earle
- Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control (ARCC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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MacDonald K, Krishnan A, Cervenka E, Hu G, Guadagno E, Trakadis Y. Biomarkers for major depressive and bipolar disorders using metabolomics: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:122-137. [PMID: 30411484 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) lack robust biomarkers useful for screening purposes in a clinical setting. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on metabolomic studies of patients with MDD or BD through the use of analytical platforms such as in vivo brain imaging, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Our search identified a total of 7,590 articles, of which 266 articles remained for full-text revision. Overall, 249 metabolites were found to be dysregulated with 122 of these metabolites being reported in two or more of the studies included. A list of biomarkers for MDD and BD established from metabolites found to be abnormal, along with the number of studies supporting each metabolite and a comparison of which biological fluids they were reported in, is provided. Metabolic pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of MDD and BD were identified and predominantly center on glutamatergic metabolism, energy metabolism, and neurotransmission. Using online drug registries, we also illustrate how metabolomics can facilitate the discovery of novel candidate drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie MacDonald
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Emily Cervenka
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Grace Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Elena Guadagno
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Yannis Trakadis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec
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10
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Massicano AVF, Lee S, Crenshaw BK, Aweda TA, El Sayed R, Super I, Bose R, Marquez-Nostra BV, Lapi SE. Imaging of HER2 with [ 89Zr]pertuzumab in Response to T-DM1 Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2019; 34:209-217. [PMID: 30676778 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2018.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The success of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy depends on accurate characterization of HER2 expression, but current methods available have several limitations. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of [89Zr]pertuzumab imaging to monitor early response to Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) therapy in mice bearing xenografts of HER2-positive breast cancer (BCa). Materials and Methods: Pertuzumab was conjugated to DFO-Bz-NCS and labeled with 89Zr. Mice bearing BT-474 tumors were imaged with [89Zr]pertuzumab and [18F]FDG before and after T-DM1 therapy. Results: Pertuzumab was successfully labeled with 89Zr with a specific activity of 0.740 MBq/μg. Overall [18F]FDG images showed poor delineation of tumors. Using [18F]FDG-PET to measure tumor volume, the volume remained unchanged from 107.6 ± 20.7 mm3 before treatment to 89.87 ± 66.55 mm3 after treatment. In contrast, [89Zr]pertuzumab images showed good delineation of HER2-positive tumors, allowing accurate detection of changes in tumor volume (from 243.80 ± 40.91 mm3 before treatment to 78.4 ± 40.43 mm3 after treatment). Conclusion: [89Zr]pertuzumab may be an imaging probe for monitoring the response of HER2-positive BCa patients to T-DM1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V F Massicano
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Supum Lee
- 2 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bryant K Crenshaw
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tolulope A Aweda
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Retta El Sayed
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ian Super
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ron Bose
- 3 Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- 1 Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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11
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Woods AG, Wormwood KL, Iosifescu DV, Murrough J, Darie CC. Protein Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder: An Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:585-600. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Kuo WY, Lin JJ, Hsu HJ, Chen HS, Yang AS, Wu CY. Noninvasive assessment of characteristics of novel anti-HER2 antibodies by molecular imaging in a human gastric cancer xenograft-bearing mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13735. [PMID: 30214017 PMCID: PMC6137128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression occurs in various types of cancers. Regarding the anti-HER2 targeted therapies showed superior treatment outcomes in several (pre)clinical studies, we used multimodality image to rapidly select novel HER2-targeting antibodies for further therapeutics development. The four anti-HER2 antibodies (H32 IgG, 75 IgG, 61 IgG, and trastuzumab) labeled with either In-111 or a DyLight680 fluorescent dye were applied to perform cellular uptake, endocytosis, optical/microSPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies. In vitro and in vivo relative effectiveness of these antibodies were also compared in an N87 gastric cancer xenograft model. The internalized radioactivity of [111In]61 IgG in N87 cells increased from 33% at 12 hr to 56% at 48 hr after incubation, while the majority of other antibodies stayed on the cell membranes. Among these antibodies, 61 IgG showed the highest accumulation in tumors with the tumor-to-muscle ratio (T/M) of 131 ± 61.4 and 19.13 ± 3.42 conducted by IVIS and microSPECT/CT, respectively. We demonstrated that multimodality imaging is a reliable approach for selecting potential antibodies and found that 61 IgG manifested significant tumor accumulation with elevated internalization rate thus could be a suitable candidate for further development of new HER2-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Kuo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jia Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Suei Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Master Program for Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Massicano AVF, Marquez-Nostra BV, Lapi SE. Targeting HER2 in Nuclear Medicine for Imaging and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012117745386. [PMID: 29357745 PMCID: PMC5784567 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117745386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) has been extensively studied. Presently, there are 2 standard diagnostic techniques to assess HER2 status in biopsies: immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While these techniques have played an important role in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer, they both require invasive biopsies for analysis. Moreover, the expression of HER2 is heterogeneous in breast cancer and can change over the course of the disease. Thus, the degree of HER2 expression in the small sample size of biopsied tumors at the time of analysis may not represent the overall status of HER2 expression in the whole tumor and in between tumor foci in the metastatic setting as the disease progresses. Unlike biopsy, molecular imaging using probes against HER2 allows for a noninvasive, whole-body assessment of HER2 status in real time. This technique could potentially select patients who may benefit from HER2-directed therapy and offer alternative treatments to those who may not benefit. Several antibodies and small molecules against HER2 have been labeled with different radioisotopes for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This review presents the most recent advances in HER2 targeting in nuclear medicine focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Chicaíza-Becerra L, García-Molina M, Gamboa O, Castañeda-Orjuela C. ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer treatment after progression on trastuzumab: a cost-effectiveness analysis for a developing country. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2016; 16:270-80. [PMID: 25383500 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v16n2.31690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are significant causes of deaths amongst women worldwide, including developing countries. The cost of treatment in the latter is even more of an issue than in higher income countries. ErbB2 overexpression is a marker of poor prognosis and the goal for targeted therapy. This study was aimed at evaluating the cost-effectiveness in Colombia of ErbB2+ MBC treatment after progression on trastuzumab. METHODS A decision analytic model was constructed for evaluating such treatment in a hypothetical cohort of ErbB2+MBC patients who progressed after a first scheme involving trastuzumab. The alternatives compared were lapatinib+capecitabine (L+C), and trastuzumab+a chemotherapy agent (capecitabine, vinorelbine or a taxane). Markov models were used for calculating progression-free time and the associated costs. Effectiveness estimators for such therapy were identified from primary studies; all direct medical costs based on national fees-guidelines were included. Sensitivity was analyzed and acceptability curves estimated. A 3 % discount rate and third-payer perspective were used within a 5-year horizon. RESULTS L+C dominated its comparators. Its cost-effectiveness ratio was COP $49,725,045 per progression-free year. The factors most influencing the results were the alternatives' hazard ratios and the cost of trastuzumab. CONCLUSION Lapatinib was cost-effective compared to its alternatives for treating MBC after progression on trastuzumab using a Colombian decision analytic model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oscar Gamboa
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Cost-utility analyses of drug therapies in breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:407-24. [PMID: 27572551 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The economic evaluation (EE) of health care products has become a necessity. Their quality must be high in order to trust the results and make informed decisions. While cost-utility analyses (CUAs) should be preferred to cost-effectiveness analyses in the oncology area, the quality of breast cancer (BC)-related CUA has been given little attention so far. Thus, firstly, a systematic review of published CUA related to drug therapies for BC, gene expression profiling, and HER2 status testing was performed. Secondly, the quality of selected CUA was assessed and the factors associated with a high-quality CUA identified. The systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE/EMBASE, and Cochrane to identify published CUA between 2000 and 2014. After screening and data extraction, the quality of each selected CUA was assessed by two independent reviewers, using the checklist proposed by Drummond et al. The analysis of factors associated with a high-quality CUA (defined as a Drummond score ≥7) was performed using a two-step approach. Our systematic review was based on 140 CUAs and showed a wide variety of methodological approaches, including differences in the perspective adopted, the time horizon, measurement of cost and effectiveness, and more specially health-state utility values (HSUVs). The median Drummond score was 7 [range 3-10]. Only one in two of the CUA (n = 74) had a Drummond score ≥7, synonymous of "high quality." The statistically significant predictors of a high-quality CUA were article with "gene expression profiling" topic (p = 0.001), consulting or pharmaceutical company as main location of first author (p = 0.004), and articles with both incremental cost-utility ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as outcomes of EE (p = 0.02). Our systematic review identified only 140 CUAs published over the past 15 years with one in two of high quality. It showed a wide variety of methodological approaches, especially focused on HSUVs. A critical appraisal of utility values is necessary to better understand one of the main difficulties encountered by authors and propose areas for improvement to increase the quality of CUA. Since the last 5 years, there is a tendency toward an improvement in the quality of these studies, probably coupled with economic context, a better and widely spreading of recommendations and thus appropriation by medical practitioners. That being said, there is an urgent need for mandatory use of European and international recommendations to ensure quality of such approaches and to allow easy comparison.
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16
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Economic Evaluations of Personalized Health Technologies: An Overview of Emerging Issues. Per Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39349-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Trusheim MR, Berndt ER. The clinical benefits, ethics, and economics of stratified medicine and companion diagnostics. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1439-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Xie J, Hao Y, Zhou ZY, Qi CZ, De G, Glück S. Economic Evaluations of Everolimus Versus Other Hormonal Therapies in the Treatment of HR+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer From a US Payer Perspective. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:e263-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Ayad E, Mansy M, Elwi D, Salem M, Salama M, Kayser K. Comparative study between quantitative digital image analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization of breast cancer equivocal human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 score 2(+) cases. J Pathol Inform 2015; 6:31. [PMID: 26110098 PMCID: PMC4470009 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.158066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimization of workflow for breast cancer samples with equivocal human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2)/neu score 2+ results in routine practice, remains to be a central focus of the on-going efforts to assess HER2 status. According to the College of American Pathologists/American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines equivocal HER2/neu score 2+ cases are subject for further testing, usually by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) investigations. It still remains on open question, whether quantitative digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained slides can assist in further refining the HER2 score 2+. Aim of this Work: To assess utility of quantitative digital analysis of IHC stained slides and compare its performance to FISH in cases of breast cancer with equivocal HER2 score 2+. Materials and Methods: Fifteen specimens (previously diagnosed as breast cancer and was evaluated as HER 2- score 2+) represented the study population. Contemporary new cuts were prepared for re-evaluation of HER2 immunohistochemical studies and FISH examination. All the cases were digitally scanned by iScan (Produced by BioImagene [Now Roche-Ventana]). The IHC signals of HER2 were measured using an automated image analyzing system (MECES, www.Diagnomx.eu/meces). Finally, a comparative study was done between the results of the FISH and the quantitative analysis of the virtual slides. Results: Three out of the 15 cases with equivocal HER2 score 2+, turned out to be positive (3+) by quantitative digital analysis, and 12 were found to be negative in FISH too. Two of these three positive cases proved to be positive with FISH, and only one was negative. Conclusions: Quantitative digital analysis is highly sensitive and relatively specific when compared to FISH in detecting HER2/neu overexpression. Therefore, it represents a potential reliable substitute for FISH in breast cancer cases, which desire further refinement of equivocal IHC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Ayad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Mansy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalal Elwi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Salem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Reference Lab, Utah, USA
| | - Klaus Kayser
- Department of Pathology, Humbold University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Ponce NA, Ko M, Liang SY, Armstrong J, Toscano M, Chanfreau-Coffinier C, Haas JS. Early Diffusion Of Gene Expression Profiling In Breast Cancer Patients Associated With Areas Of High Income Inequality. Health Aff (Millwood) 2015; 34:609-15. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ninez A. Ponce
- Ninez A. Ponce is a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health, and associate center director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michelle Ko
- Michelle Ko ( ) is a primary care research fellow at the Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- Su-Ying Liang is a research economist at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, in Palo Alto, California
| | - Joanne Armstrong
- Joanne Armstrong is senior medical director and head of Women’s Health at Aetna in Sugar Land, Texas
| | - Michele Toscano
- Michele Toscano is director of Business Management Planning and Reporting and program manager for the Racial and Ethnic Initiative at Aetna
| | - Catherine Chanfreau-Coffinier
- Catherine Chanfreau-Coffinier is a graduate student in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jennifer S. Haas
- Jennifer S. Haas is a professor of medicine at Harvard University and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, in Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Useless until proven effective: the clinical utility of preemptive pharmacogenetic testing. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 96:652-4. [PMID: 25399713 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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HER2 Immunohistochemical Assessment With A0485 Polyclonal Antibody. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:31-5. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Trosman JR, Weldon CB, Schink JC, Gradishar WJ, Benson AB. What do providers, payers and patients need from comparative effectiveness research on diagnostics? The case of HER2/Neu testing in breast cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2014; 2:461-77. [PMID: 24236686 DOI: 10.2217/cer.13.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Comparing effectiveness of diagnostic tests is one of the highest priorities for comparative effectiveness research (CER) set by the Institute of Medicine. Our study aims to identify what information providers, payers and patients need from CER on diagnostics, and what challenges they encounter implementing comparative information on diagnostic alternatives in practice and policy. MATERIALS & METHODS Using qualitative research methods and the example of two alternative protocols for HER2 testing in breast cancer, we conducted interviews with 45 stakeholders: providers (n = 25) from four academic and eight nonacademic institutions, executives (n = 13) from five major US private payers and representatives (n = 7) from two breast cancer patient advocacies. RESULTS The need for additional scientific evidence to determine the preferred HER2 protocol was more common for advocates than payers (100 vs 54%; p = 0.0515) and significantly more common for advocates than providers (100 vs 40%; p = 0.0077). The availability of information allowing assessment of the implementation impact from alternative diagnostic protocols on provider institutions may mitigate the need for additional scientific evidence for some providers and payers (24 and 46%, respectively). The cost-effectiveness of alternative protocols from the societal perspective is important to payers and advocates (69 and 71%, respectively) but not to providers (0%; p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001). The lack of reporting laboratory practices is a more common implementation challenge for payers and advocates (77 and 86%, respectively) than for providers (32%). The absence of any mechanism for patient involvement was recognized as a challenge by payers and advocates (69 and 100%, respectively) but not by providers (0%; p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Comparative implementation research is needed to inform the stakeholders considering diagnostic alternatives. Transparency of laboratory practices is an important factor in enabling implementation of CER on diagnostics in practice and policy. The incongruent views of providers versus patient advocates and payers on involving patients in diagnostic decisions is a concerning challenge to utilizing the results of CER.
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24
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Chan JK, Herzog TJ, Hu L, Monk BJ, Kiet T, Blansit K, Kapp DS, Yu X. Bevacizumab in treatment of high-risk ovarian cancer--a cost-effectiveness analysis. Oncologist 2014; 19:523-7. [PMID: 24721817 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate a cost-effectiveness strategy of bevacizumab in a subset of high-risk advanced ovarian cancer patients with survival benefit. Methods. A subset analysis of the International Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms 7 trial showed that additions of bevacizumab (B) and maintenance bevacizumab (mB) to paclitaxel (P) and carboplatin (C) improved the overall survival (OS) of high-risk advanced cancer patients. Actual and estimated costs of treatment were determined from Medicare payment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per life-year saved was established. Results. The estimated cost of PC is $535 per cycle; PCB + mB (7.5 mg/kg) is $3,760 per cycle for the first 6 cycles and then $3,225 per cycle for 12 mB cycles. Of 465 high-risk stage IIIC (>1 cm residual) or stage IV patients, the previously reported OS after PC was 28.8 months versus 36.6 months in those who underwent PCB + mB. With an estimated 8-month improvement in OS, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of B was $167,771 per life-year saved. Conclusion. In this clinically relevant subset of women with high-risk advanced ovarian cancer with overall survival benefit after bevacizumab, our economic model suggests that the incremental cost of bevacizumab was approximately $170,000.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/economics
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bevacizumab
- Carboplatin/economics
- Carboplatin/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Health Care Costs
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Models, Economic
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Paclitaxel/economics
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Quality of Life
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Chan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA; Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Creighton University School of Medicine, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Shih YCT, Xu Y, Dong W, Smieliauskas F, Giordano S, Shen Y. First do no harm: population-based study shows non-evidence-based trastuzumab prescription may harm elderly women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:417-25. [PMID: 24557339 PMCID: PMC4148137 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab, although cardiotoxic, is associated with improved survival in HER2-positive breast cancer. Non-compliance with HER2 testing guidelines before prescribing trastuzumab occurs in practice; however, the clinical consequences are unclear. Using SEER-Medicare database (2000-2009), we assessed differences in baseline characteristics between women ≥ 65 with breast cancer who received and did not receive HER2 testing prior to trastuzumab prescription. We used propensity score matched-pair analysis to balance the confounders between these two groups. We assessed the differences in overall survival and 3-year rates of avoiding congestive heart failure (CHF) between women who received trastuzumab without HER2 testing (trastuzumab group) and women who had chemotherapy but did not receive trastuzumab (irrespective of testing) (chemo-only group). Based on the matched data, we used Cox regression in these assessments with double robust estimation or with stratification. Among women who received trastuzumab, 140 (4.7 %) had no documentation of HER2 testing. Breast surgery, south residential region, and an earlier year of diagnosis were predictive of no HER2 testing in multivariate logistic regression. Women in the chemo-only group had similar overall survival (HR = 1.28; P = 0.108) over an 8-year follow-up post-diagnosis and significantly higher likelihood of avoiding CHF over 3 years after the first administration of chemotherapy or trastuzumab (HR = 1.66, P = 0.036) compared to women in the trastuzumab group, using the propensity score-matched data. Non-evidence-based prescription of trastuzumab is associated with increased rates of CHF with no additional survival benefit among older women with breast cancer. Inappropriate prescriptions of targeted therapies agent can lead to detrimental health and financial consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Tina Shih
- Section of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Program in the Economics of Cancer, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 5000, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA,
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Biomarkers in major depressive disorder: the role of mass spectrometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:545-60. [PMID: 24952202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common. Despite numerous available treatments, many individuals fail to improve clinically. MDD continues to be diagnosed exclusively via behavioral rather than biological methods. Biomarkers-which include measurements of genes, proteins, and patterns of brain activity-may provide an important objective tool for the diagnosis of MDD or in the rational selection of treatments. Proteomic analysis and validation of its results as biomarkers is less explored than other areas of biomarker research in MDD. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a comprehensive, unbiased means of proteomic analysis, which can be complemented by directed protein measurements, such as Western Blotting. Prior studies have focused on MS analysis of several human biomaterials in MDD, including human post-mortem brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood components, and urine. Further studies utilizing MS and proteomic analysis in MDD may help solidify and establish biomarkers for use in diagnosis, identification of new treatment targets, and understanding of the disorder. The ultimate goal is the validation of a biomarker or a biomarker signature that facilitates a convenient and inexpensive predictive test for depression treatment response and helps clinicians in the rational selection of next-step treatments.
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Woods AG, Sokolowska I, Taurines R, Gerlach M, Dudley E, Thome J, Darie CC. Potential biomarkers in psychiatry: focus on the cholesterol system. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1184-95. [PMID: 22304330 PMCID: PMC3823072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring biomarkers to identify and assess illness is a strategy growing in popularity and relevance. Although already in clinical use for treating and predicting cancer, no biological measurement is used clinically for any psychiatric disorder. Biomarkers could predict the course of a medical problem, and aid in determining how and when to treat. Several studies have indicated that of candidate psychiatric biomarkers detected using proteomic techniques, cholesterol and associated proteins, specifically apolipoproteins (Apos), may be of interest. Cholesterol is necessary for brain development and its synthesis continues at a lower rate in the adult brain. Apos are the protein component of lipoproteins responsible for lipid transport. There is extensive evidence that the levels of cholesterol and Apos may be disturbed in psychiatric disorders, including autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we describe putative serum biomarkers for psychiatric disorders, and the role of cholesterol and Apos in central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa G Woods
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
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28
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Chan A, McGregor SR. Prevalence and management of HER2/neu-positive early breast cancer in a single institution following availability of adjuvant trastuzumab. Intern Med J 2012; 42:267-74. [PMID: 21241440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To ascertain the prevalence of HER2/neu-positive early breast cancer (EBC), utilisation of adjuvant trastuzumab and incidence of cardiac toxicity in a community private hospital setting. METHODS Prospective data collected by breast oncologist and surgeons in all women diagnosed with EBC at the Mount Hospital (MH) were reviewed. Women with HER2/neu-positive disease diagnosed between 1 October 2006 and 31 March 2009 were included in this analysis. RESULTS In total, 1128 women with invasive EBC were seen in the 30-month period. All tumours underwent HER2/neu testing by immunohistochemistry, with 61% being evaluated by in situ hybridisation. Time to definitive HER2/neu result improved over time from median of 17 to 14 days. The prevalence of HER2 positivity (by in situ hybridisation) in this cohort was 12%. Uptake of trastuzumab-based treatment was 100% in those patients receiving their treatment at the MH, compared to 52% of the 25 patients treated elsewhere. Ninety-eight per cent of MH patients completed the planned 12 months of therapy, with one patient developing recurrent disease and two patients experiencing significant cardiac toxicity. Chemotherapy relative dose intensity was 98% in HER2/neu-positive and negative patients. At a median of 25 months follow up, actuarial disease-free and overall survival in the HER2/neu-positive cohort is 99% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSION In a community private hospital setting, adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy was delivered optimally, in line with national and international guidelines. Early efficacy and safety results in a non-clinical trial setting underscore the significant benefits achieved with this targeted therapy in HER2/neu-positive EBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chan
- Mount Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Hassan M, Chernomordik V, Zielinski R, Ardeshirpour Y, Capala J, Gandjbakhche A. In vivo method to monitor changes in HER2 expression using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Mol Imaging 2012; 11:177-86. [PMID: 22554482 PMCID: PMC3484243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is a well-known biomarker that is overexpressed in many breast carcinomas. HER2 expression level is an important factor to optimize the therapeutic strategy and monitor the treatment. We used albumin binding domain-fused HER2-specific Affibody molecules, labeled with Alexa Fluor750 dye, to characterize HER2 expression in vivo. Near-infrared optical imaging studies were carried out using mice with subcutaneous HER2-positive tumors. Animals were divided into groups of five: no treatment and 12 hours and 1 week after treatment of the tumors with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG). The compartmental ligands-receptor model, describing binding kinetics, was used to evaluate HER2 expression from the time sequence of the fluorescence images after the intravenous probe injection. The normalized rate of accumulation of the specific fluorescent biomarkers, estimated from this time sequence, linearly correlates with the conventional ex vivo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) readings for the same tumor. Such correspondence makes properly arranged fluorescence imaging an excellent candidate for estimating HER2 overexpression in tumors, complementing ELISA and other ex vivo assays. Application of this method to the fluorescence data from HER2-positive xenografts reveals that the 17-DMAG treatment results in downregulation of HER2. Application of the AngioSense 750 probe confirmed the antiangiogenic effect of 17-DMAG found with Affibody-Alexa Fluor 750 conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moinuddin Hassan
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor Chernomordik
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Molecular Biology. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacek Capala
- Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amir Gandjbakhche
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Khoury MJ, Gwinn ML, Glasgow RE, Kramer BS. A population approach to precision medicine. Am J Prev Med 2012; 42:639-45. [PMID: 22608383 PMCID: PMC3629731 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The term P4 medicine is used to denote an evolving field of medicine that uses systems biology approaches and information technologies to enhance wellness rather than just treat disease. Its four components include predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine. In the current paper, it is argued that in order to fulfill the promise of P4 medicine, a "fifth P" must be integrated-the population perspective-into each of the other four components. A population perspective integrates predictive medicine into the ecologic model of health; applies principles of population screening to preventive medicine; uses evidence-based practice to personalize medicine; and grounds participatory medicine on the three core functions of public health: assessment, policy development, and assurance. Population sciences-including epidemiology; behavioral, social, and communication sciences; and health economics, implementation science, and outcomes research-are needed to show the value of P4 medicine. Balanced strategies that implement both population- and individual-level interventions can best maximize health benefits, minimize harm, and avoid unnecessary healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muin J Khoury
- Office of Public Health Genomics, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Hassan M, Chernomordik V, Zielinski R, Ardeshirpour Y, Capala J, Gandjbakhche A. In Vivo Method to Monitor Changes in HER2 Expression Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moinuddin Hassan
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Victor Chernomordik
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Capala
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Amir Gandjbakhche
- From the Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, Program on Pediatric Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Salimi M, Mozdarani H, Majidzadeh-A K. Efficacy of primed in situ labelling in determination of HER-2 gene amplification and CEN-17 status in breast cancer tissue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:329-37. [PMID: 22502695 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been given to the accuracy of HER-2 testing and the correlation between the results of different testing methods. This interest reflects the growing importance of HER-2 status in the management of patients with breast cancer. In this study the detection of HER-2 gene and centromere 17 status was evaluated using dual-colour primed in situ labelling (PRINS) in comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These two methods were evaluated on a series of 27 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast carcinoma tumours, previously tested for protein overexpression by HercepTest (grouped into Hercep 1+/0, 2+ and 3+). HER-2 gene amplification (ratio ≥ 2.2) by PRINS was found in 3:3, 6:21 and 0:3 in IHC 3+, 2+ and 1+/0 cases, respectively. Comparing FISH and IHC (immunohistochemistry), showed the same results as for PRINS and IHC. Chromosome 17 aneusomy was found in 10 of 21 IHC 2+ cases (47.6%), of which 1 (10%) showed hypodisomy (chromosome 17 copy number per cell ≤ 1.75), 7 (70%) showed low polysomy (chromosome 17 copy number per cell=2.26 - 3.75) and 2 (20%) showed high polysomy (chromosome 17 copy number per cell ≥ 3.76). The overall concordance of detection of HER-2 gene amplification by FISH and PRINS was 100% (27:27). Furthermore, both the level of HER-2 amplification and copy number of CEN17 analysis results correlated well between the two methods. In conclusion, PRINS is a reliable, reproducible technique and in our opinion can be used as an additional test to determine HER-2 status in breast tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Minot DM, Voss J, Rademacher S, Lwin T, Orsulak J, Caron B, Ketterling R, Nassar A, Chen B, Clayton A. Image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemical staining. Reproducibility and concordance with fluorescence in situ hybridization of a laboratory-validated scoring technique. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:270-6. [PMID: 22261453 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp9mknlhqnk2zx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Image analysis of the HER2 immunohistochemical (IHC) stain can help determine which breast cancer patients may benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. We studied the concordance of HER2 IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as well as reproducibility of surgical pathologist (SP) and cytotechnologist (CT) interpretations using manual and image analysis methodologies on 154 IHC cases. Concordances with FISH were good for IHC negative (0, 1+) cases (range, 97%-100%) and positive (3+) cases (range, 87%-100%). Image analysis had fewer equivocal (2+) results (10.4%) than CT (14.9%) and SP (16.2%) manual methods, with higher concordances to FISH (31%, 26%, and 20% for image analysis, CT manual, and SP manual, respectively). CT manual (κ = 0.747) and image analysis (κ = 0.779) methods had better interobserver reproducibility than SP manual (κ = 0.697). CT image analysis had better intraobserver reproducibility (κ = 0.882) than CT (κ = 0.828) and SP (κ = 0.766) manual methods. HER2 IHC analysis performed by image analysis can produce accurate results with improved reproducibility.
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Canestaro WJ, Martell LA, Wassman ER, Schatzberg R. Healthcare payers: a gate or translational bridge to personalized medicine? Per Med 2012; 9:73-84. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare payers represent stakeholders who can act as either a bridge or a gate to the translation of personalized medicine into routine clinical practice. To date, the slow realization of the promise of personalized medicine has been partly attributable to the lack of clear evidence supporting the clinical utility of genetic and genomic tests and the lag in development of clinical guidelines for the use and interpretation of tests. These factors, along with a paucity of clear guidance from healthcare payers and clinical experience with genomic tests, serve as impediments to timely and consistent reimbursement decisions. The design of alternative strategies for collaborative evidence-generation, clinical decision support and educational initiatives for healthcare providers, patients and the payers themselves are critical needs to achieve the full benefit of personalized medicine in day-to-day healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A Martell
- Generation Health, 130 Turner St, Suite 205, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - E Robert Wassman
- Generation Health, 130 Turner St, Suite 205, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Rick Schatzberg
- Generation Health, 130 Turner St, Suite 205, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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Ardeshirpour Y, Chernomordik V, Capala J, Hassan M, Zielinsky R, Griffiths G, Achilefu S, Smith P, Gandjbakhckhe A. Using in-vivo fluorescence imaging in personalized cancer diagnostics and therapy, an image and treat paradigm. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:549-60. [PMID: 22066595 PMCID: PMC3718028 DOI: 10.1177/153303461101000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major goal in developing drugs targeting specific tumor receptors, such as Monoclonal AntiBodies (MAB), is to make a drug compound that targets selectively the cancer-causing biomarkers, inhibits their functionality, and/or delivers the toxin specifically to the malignant cells. Recent advances in MABs show that their efficacy depends strongly on characterization of tumor biomarkers. Therefore, one of the main tasks in cancer diagnostics and treatment is to develop non-invasive in-vivo imaging techniques for detection of cancer biomarkers and monitoring their down regulation during the treatment. Such methods can potentially result in a new imaging and treatment paradigm for cancer therapy. In this article we have reviewed fluorescence imaging approaches, including those developed in our group, to detect and monitor Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2) receptors before and during therapy. Transition of these techniques from the bench to bedside is the ultimate goal of our project. Similar approaches can be used potentially for characterization of other cancer related cell biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ardeshirpour
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 9, 9 Memorial Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Victor Chernomordik
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 9, 9 Memorial Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Jacek Capala
- NIH/National Cancer Institute, Building 10-Magnuson Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Moinuddin Hassan
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 9, 9 Memorial Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Rafal Zielinsky
- NIH/National Cancer Institute, Building 10-Magnuson Clinical Center, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Gary Griffiths
- NIH/Imaging Probe Development Center, Building 9800, Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Paul Smith
- NIH/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Building 13, 3N18A 13 South Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Amir Gandjbakhckhe
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 9, 9 Memorial Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Markiv A, Beatson R, Burchell J, Durvasula RV, Kang AS. Expression of recombinant multi-coloured fluorescent antibodies in gor -/trxB- E. coli cytoplasm. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:117. [PMID: 22129156 PMCID: PMC3280946 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-fluorophore conjugates are invaluable reagents used in contemporary molecular cell biology for imaging, cell sorting and tracking intracellular events. However they suffer in some cases from batch to batch variation, partial loss of binding and susceptibility to photo-bleaching. In theory, these issues can all be addressed by using recombinant antibody fused directly to genetically encoded fluorescent reporters. However, single-chain fragment variable domains linked by long flexible linkers are themselves prone to disassociation and aggregation, and in some cases with isoelectric points incompatible with use in physiologically relevant milieu. Here we describe a general approach that permits fully functional intracellular production of a range of coloured fluorescent recombinant antibodies with optimally orientated VH/VL interfaces and isoelectric points compatible for use in physiological solutions at pH 7.4 with a binding site to fluorophore stoichiometry of 1:1. RESULTS Here we report the design, assembly, intracellular bacterial production and purification of a panel of novel antibody fluorescent protein fusion constructs. The insertion of monomeric fluorescent protein derived from either Discosoma or Aequorea in-between the variable regions of anti-p185HER2-ECD antibody 4D5-8 resulted in optimal VH/VL interface interactions to create soluble coloured antibodies each with a single binding site, with isoelectric points of 6.5- 6. The fluorescent antibodies used in cell staining studies with SK-BR-3 cells retained the fluorophore properties and antibody specificity functions, whereas the conventional 4D5-8 single chain antibody with a (Gly4Ser)3 linker precipitated at physiological pH 7.4. CONCLUSIONS This modular monomeric recombinant fluorescent antibody platform may be used to create a range of recombinant coloured antibody molecules for quantitative in situ, in vivo and ex vivo imaging, cell sorting and cell trafficking studies. Assembling the single chain antibody with monomeric fluorescent protein linker facilitates optimal variable domain pairing and alters the isoelectric point of the recombinant 4D5-8 protein conferring solubility at physiological pH 7.4. The efficient intracellular expression of these functional molecules opens up the possibility of developing an alternative approach for tagging intracellular targets with fluorescent proteins for a range of molecular cell biology imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Markiv
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
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García-García E, Gómez-Martín C, Angulo B, Conde E, Suárez-Gauthier A, Adrados M, Perna C, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Hidalgo M, López-Ríos F. Hybridization for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in gastric carcinoma: a comparison of fluorescence in-situ hybridization with a novel fully automated dual-colour silver in-situ hybridization method. Histopathology 2011; 59:8-17. [PMID: 21771023 PMCID: PMC3166662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene has been reported in gastric carcinoma (GC). Accordingly, trastuzumab plus chemotherapy has recently become the new standard treatment for HER2-positive advanced GCs. The aim was to compare the alleged gold standard for hybridization [fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH)] with a novel, fully automated brightfield dual-colour silver-enhanced in-situ hybridization (SISH) method. Methods and results: The studies series was comprised of 166 GC samples. Additionally, tumours with discordant results obtained by FISH and SISH were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the LightMix kit HER-2/neu. Of the samples, 17.5% and 21% were amplified by FISH and SISH, respectively. Heterogeneity was identified in up to 52% of cases. In 96.4% of cases, FISH showed the same results as SISH. All six discordant cases were positive by SISH and negative by FISH. On review of the FISH slides, all contradictory cases were polysomic and were confirmed to be negative for amplification by real-time PCR. Interestingly, all ratios in this latter group were between 2.06 and 2.50, so setting the cut-off for amplification at ≥3 resulted in perfect concordance. Conclusions: Dual-colour SISH represents a novel method for the determination of HER2 status in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-García
- Laboratorio de Dianas Terapeuticas, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, C ⁄ On˜a, 10. 28050 Madrid, Spain
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Mehta S, Shelling A, Muthukaruppan A, Lasham A, Blenkiron C, Laking G, Print C. Predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer medicine. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 2:125-48. [PMID: 21789130 DOI: 10.1177/1758834009360519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 10 years there has been an explosion of information about the molecular biology of cancer. A challenge in oncology is to translate this information into advances in patient care. While there are well-formed routes for translating new molecular information into drug therapy, the routes for translating new information into sensitive and specific diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tests are still being developed. Similarly, the science of using tumor molecular profiles to select clinical trial participants or to optimize therapy for individual patients is still in its infancy. This review will summarize the current technologies for predicting treatment response and prognosis in cancer medicine, and outline what the future may hold. It will also highlight the potential importance of methods that can integrate molecular, histopathological and clinical information into a synergistic understanding of tumor progression. While these possibilities are without doubt exciting, significant challenges remain if we are to implement them with a strong evidence base in a widely available and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lee JA, Shaheen M, Walke T, Daly M. Clinical and health economic outcomes of alternative HER2 test strategies for guiding adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2011; 11:325-41. [PMID: 21671702 DOI: 10.1586/erp.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing strategies to guide adjuvant trastuzumab (AT) therapy in women with HER2-positive breast cancer. METHODS A literature review produced 72 studies comparing HER2 test methods, and we computed concordance (assuming fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] as a reference assay) to assess performance relative to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. An economic analysis provided cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies, including a Monte Carlo simulation to vary key assumptions such as test price and performance. RESULTS Of 46 studies comparing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH, only seven met the ASCO/CAP guideline of 95% or better concordance. A total of 14 out of 21 studies comparing chromogenic in situ hybridization and three out of five studies comparing silver-enhanced in situ hybridization met the guideline. Confirmation of IHC 2+ and 3+ and primary FISH strategies are likely to reduce costs and improve quality of life relative to confirmation of IHC 2+ only. Initial testing with a gene amplification-based assay is probably a cost-effective alternative to confirmation of IHC 2+ and 3+. The results are not sensitive to varying test price but are sensitive to test accuracy below 98%. CONCLUSION Using a primary gene amplification-based assay to guide AT therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer probably results in lower US medical costs, increased life-years and increased quality of life compared with confirmation of IHC 2+ with a gene amplification-based assay. We recommend the ASCO/CAP guidelines reflect 98% or greater concordance relative to a reference assay. Additional research regarding therapy response is required to further differentiate between gene amplification-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Lee
- Altarum Institute, 3520 Green Court, Suite 300, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms for transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell, and the aberrant control of complementary pathways, have presented a much more complex set of challenges for the diagnostic and therapeutic disciplines than originally appreciated. The oncology field has entered an era of personalized medicine where treatment selection for each cancer patient is becoming individualized or customized. This advance reflects the molecular and genetic composition of the tumors and progress in biomarker technology, which allow us to align the most appropriate treatment according to the patient's disease. There is a worldwide acceptance that advances in our ability to identify predictive biomarkers and provide them as companion diagnostics for stratifying and subgrouping patients represents the next leap forward in improving the quality of clinical care in oncology. As such, we are progressing from a population-based empirical 'one drug fits all' treatment model, to a focused personalized approach where rational companion diagnostic tests support the drug's clinical utility by identifying the most responsive patient subgroup.
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Bonter K, Desjardins C, Currier N, Pun J, Ashbury FD. Personalised medicine in Canada: a survey of adoption and practice in oncology, cardiology and family medicine. BMJ Open 2011; 1:e000110. [PMID: 22021765 PMCID: PMC3191410 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In order to provide baseline data on genetic testing as a key element of personalised medicine (PM), Canadian physicians were surveyed to determine roles, perceptions and experiences in this area. The survey measured attitudes, practice, observed benefits and impacts, and barriers to adoption. Methods A self-administered survey was provided to Canadian oncologists, cardiologists and family physicians and responses were obtained online, by mail or by fax. The survey was designed to be exploratory. Data were compared across specialties and geography. Results The overall response rate was 8.3%. Of the respondents, 43%, 30% and 27% were family physicians, cardiologists and oncologists, respectively. A strong majority of respondents agreed that genetic testing and PM can have a positive impact on their practice; however, only 51% agreed that there is sufficient evidence to order such tests. A low percentage of respondents felt that they were sufficiently informed and confident practicing in this area, although many reported that genetic tests they have ordered have benefited their patients. Half of the respondents agreed that genetic tests that would be useful in their practice are not readily available. A lack of practice guidelines, limited provider knowledge and lack of evidence-based clinical information were cited as the main barriers to practice. Differences across provinces were observed for measures relating to access to testing and the state of practice. Differences across specialties were observed for the state of practice, reported benefits and access to testing. Conclusions Canadian physicians recognise the benefits of genetic testing and PM; however, they lack the education, information and support needed to practice effectively in this area. Variability in practice and access to testing across specialties and across Canada was observed. These results support a need for national strategies and resources to facilitate physician knowledge, training and practice in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bonter
- Centre of Excellence in Personalized Medicine (Cepmed), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Clarissa Desjardins
- Centre of Excellence in Personalized Medicine (Cepmed), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathan Currier
- Centre of Excellence in Personalized Medicine (Cepmed), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason Pun
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fredrick D Ashbury
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Preventive Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Grutters JPC, Seferina SC, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, van Kampen RJW, Goettsch WG, Joore MA. Bridging trial and decision: a checklist to frame health technology assessments for resource allocation decisions. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2011; 14:777-784. [PMID: 21839418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health technology assessments (HTAs) intend to inform real-world decisions. They often draw on data from explanatory trials and hence are not always applicable to the decision problem. HTAs may therefore not meet the needs of decision makers. Our objective was to develop and apply a checklist to: 1) systematically frame HTAs in a way that they are applicable to the decision problem; and 2) assess if a decision problem can be informed by an available HTA. METHODS We reviewed published literature to identify factors that should be considered when framing HTAs for resource allocation decisions. The checklist was finalized in collaboration with clinicians and policy makers. We applied the checklist to the economic evaluation of trastuzumab in early breast cancer. We defined a reference case and for each study, retrieved through a systematic review, we examined if each factor was explicitly considered. RESULTS A checklist was developed with 11 factors (e.g., clinical practice, consequences, and patient use). In the case of trastuzumab, most factors were considered by the 11 retrieved economic evaluations. Two factors, being the inclusion of all relevant comparators and professional use, were considered by none of the studies. CONCLUSIONS We developed a comprehensive checklist with 11 factors to frame HTAs and to assess the applicability of HTAs to resource allocation decisions. Economic evaluations on trastuzumab considered some of these factors, but overlooked others. The proposed checklist assists in systematically considering all factors in developing the conceptual model of an HTA, to make HTAs better reflect the decision problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke P C Grutters
- Department of Health Organization, Policy, and Economics, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Carter JL, Elkin S, Barton J. Company Profile: N-of-One: realizing personalized medicine. Per Med 2011; 8:311-315. [PMID: 29783523 DOI: 10.2217/pme.11.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-of-One is at the forefront of personalized medicine. The company's mission is to act as a bridge between the research community, diagnostic laboratories, the treating oncologist and the patient to develop customized cancer diagnostic and treatment strategies. N-of-One provides physicians and patients with relevant insight regarding molecular profiling technologies and facilitates rapid, high-quality testing of patient tissues. In addition to expanding treatment options, the services provided by N-of-One potentially provide cost savings by guiding patients and physicians toward more evidence-based, data-driven treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Barton
- University of Maine Presque Isle-Houlton Center, Houlton, ME, USA
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Haas JS, Phillips KA, Liang SY, Hassett MJ, Keohane C, Elkin EB, Armstrong J, Toscano M. Genomic testing and therapies for breast cancer in clinical practice. J Oncol Pract 2011; 7:e1s-7s. [PMID: 21886507 PMCID: PMC3092459 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2011.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the likely proliferation of targeted testing and treatment strategies for cancer, a better understanding of the utilization patterns of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing and trastuzumab and newer gene expression profiling (GEP) for risk stratification and chemotherapy decision making are important. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS We performed a medical record review of women age 35 to 65 years diagnosed between 2006 and 2007 with invasive localized breast cancer, identified using claims from a large national health plan (N = 775). RESULTS Almost all women received HER2 testing (96.9%), and 24.9% of women with an accepted indication received GEP. Unexplained socioeconomic differences in GEP use were apparent after adjusting for age and clinical characteristics; specifically, GEP use increased with income. For example, those in the lowest income category (< $40,000) were less likely than those with an income of $125,000 or more to receive GEP (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.73). A majority of women (57.7%) with HER2-positive disease received trastuzumab; among these women, differences in age and clinical characteristics were not apparent, although surprisingly, those in the lowest income category were more likely than those in the high-income category to receive trastuzumab (P = .02). Among women who did not have a positive HER2 test, 3.9% still received trastuzumab. Receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy increased as GEP score indicated greater risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Identifying and eliminating unnecessary variation in the use of these expensive tests and treatments should be part of quality improvement and efficiency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Haas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Kathryn A. Phillips
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Michael J. Hassett
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Carol Keohane
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Elena B. Elkin
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Joanne Armstrong
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
| | - Michele Toscano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Aetna, Hartford, CT
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Qiao J, Li S, Wei L, Jiang J, Long R, Mao H, Wei L, Wang L, Yang H, Grossniklaus HE, Liu ZR, Yang JJ. HER2 targeted molecular MR imaging using a de novo designed protein contrast agent. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18103. [PMID: 21455310 PMCID: PMC3063795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively assess disease biomarkers has been hampered by the lack of desired contrast agents with high relaxivity, targeting capability, and optimized pharmacokinetics. We have developed a novel MR imaging probe targeting to HER2, a biomarker for various cancer types and a drug target for anti-cancer therapies. This multimodal HER20targeted MR imaging probe integrates a de novo designed protein contrast agent with a high affinity HER2 affibody and a near IR fluorescent dye. Our probe can differentially monitor tumors with different expression levels of HER2 in both human cell lines and xenograft mice models. In addition to its 100-fold higher dose efficiency compared to clinically approved non-targeting contrast agent DTPA, our developed agent also exhibits advantages in crossing the endothelial boundary, tissue distribution, and tumor tissue retention over reported contrast agents as demonstrated by even distribution of the imaging probe across the entire tumor mass. This contrast agent will provide a powerful tool for quantitative assessment of molecular markers, and improved resolution for diagnosis, prognosis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shunyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lixia Wei
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert Long
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hans E. Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Ren Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (JJY)
| | - Jenny J. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (JJY)
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Abstract
Molecular therapies targeting HER2 are part of the established drug armamentarium in breast carcinoma. Now the ToGA trial, an international multicenter phase III clinical study, involving 24 countries globally, has shown that the anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab is effective in prolonging survival in HER2-positive carcinoma of the stomach and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Similarly to breast carcinoma, >20% of gastric cancers show HER2 overexpression and/or amplification, and this percentage increases to 33% in GEJ tumors. Thus, as in breast carcinoma, pathologists are now asked to evaluate HER2 status in gastric carcinoma samples. As validated in the ToGA trial, the HER2 testing criteria that must be used in evaluating both gastric carcinoma biopsies and surgical specimens significantly differ from those routinely applied in breast carcinoma. The main variations with regard to the pattern of reactivity in HER2-expressing cells are as follows: the completeness of membrane staining is not a "conditio sine qua non" and the number of stained cells necessary to consider a case as positive is different. We must also take note of the much more frequent heterogeneity of HER2 positivity in gastric cancer compared with breast carcinoma and the less stringent correlation between HER2 amplification and protein overexpression that is observed in gastric carcinoma, where more than 20% of cases may carry HER2 amplification, although of low level, without HER2 expression. In these patients, in the ToGA trial, there was no apparent benefit from adding Trastuzumab to chemotherapy: for this reason the European Medicines Agency, while approving usage of Trastuzumab for metastatic adenocarcinoma treatment, indicated HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry as first evaluation assay, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 2+ equivocal cases. HER2 testing in gastric carcinoma is a new field, opening several opportunities: for patients with gastric cancer, this is a new promising therapeutic option; for pathologists, strengthening our role in therapy selection and emphasizing our duty of providing accurate and reproducible HER2 testing results; for all interested in understanding the biology of gastric and GEJ cancer and in discovering new possible molecular therapy targets.
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Capala J, Bouchelouche K. Molecular imaging of HER2-positive breast cancer: a step toward an individualized 'image and treat' strategy. Curr Opin Oncol 2010; 22:559-66. [PMID: 20842031 PMCID: PMC3401024 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32833f8c3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HER2 overexpression is correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcome. Therefore, HER2 has become an important prognostic and predictive factor, as well as a target for molecular therapies. The article reviews recent advances in molecular imaging of HER2 that could facilitate individual approaches to targeted therapy of HER2-positive breast cancers. RECENT FINDINGS Because of the heterogeneity of breast cancer and possible discordance in HER2 status between primary tumors and distant metastases, assessment of HER2 expression by noninvasive imaging may become an important complement to immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in-situ hybridization analyses of biopsied tissue. Monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab, or small scaffold proteins such as affibody molecules are used as HER2-targeting agents. For imaging purposes, these agents are labeled with positron or gamma-emitting radionuclides, optical dyes, or paramagnetic contrast molecules for positron emission tomography single photon emission tomography optical, and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. HER2-specific molecular probes, combined with modern imaging techniques to provide information on HER2 expression not only in primary tumors but also in distant metastases not amenable to biopsy, may reduce problems with false negative results and, thereby, influence patient management by selecting patients that would benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. SUMMARY The new 'image and treat' strategy, involving assessment of target presence and distribution in an individual patient followed by optimized, target-specific drug delivery, may potentially improve efficacy of cancer treatment while reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Capala
- Molecular Targeting Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Van Bebber SL, Trosman JR, Liang SY, Wang G, Marshall DA, Knight S, Phillips KA. Capacity building for assessing new technologies: approaches to examining personalized medicine in practice. Per Med 2010; 7:427-439. [PMID: 21857867 PMCID: PMC3157083 DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the overarching question: how can we use existing data to develop the capacity to improve the evidence base on personalized medicine technologies and particularly regarding their utilization and clinical utility? We focus on data from health payers who are key stakeholders in capacity building, as they need data to guide decisions and they develop data as part of operations. Broadly defined, health payers include insurance carriers, third party payers, health-plan sponsors and organized delivery systems. Data from health payers have not yet been widely used to assess personalized medicine. Now, with an increasing number of personalized technologies covered and reimbursed by health payers, and an increasing number of emerging technologies that will require policy decisions, there is a great opportunity to develop the evidence base using payer data and by engaging with these stakeholders. Here, we describe data that are available from, and are being developed by, health payers and assess how these data can be further developed to increase the capacity for future research, using three examples. The examples suggest that payer data can be used to examine clinical utility and approaches can be developed that simultaneously address the characteristics of personalized medicine, real world data and organizations. These examples can now help us to elucidate how to best examine clinical utility in actual practice and build evaluation approaches that can be applied to future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Van Bebber
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Julia R Trosman
- Center for Business Models in Healthcare, 2705 Agatite Avenue, Suite 200, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Su-Ying Liang
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Grace Wang
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Deborah A Marshall
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- University of Calgary, Room 3C56, Health Research Innovation Center, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, USA
| | - Sara Knight
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Program to Improve Health Care for Veterans with Complex Comorbid Conditions, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center (151R), 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Kathryn A Phillips
- UCSF Center for Translational & Policy Research on Personalized Medicine (TRANSPERS), School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street Suite 420, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Abstract
Personalized healthcare (PHC) aims to deliver the right medicine, to the right patient, at the right dose and time, and has the potential to benefit everyone in the healthcare system. Delivering the promise of PHC depends on overcoming key challenges (e.g., identifying biomarkers or disease segmentation tools, facilitating partnerships, clinical development, regulatory engagement and market access) in an integrated fashion. Despite this, progress in PHC has been accelerating over the last few years and is now at a turning point. Flexibility from all those involved in PHC, including the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries, health authorities and payers, will be required to ensure that the field comes to maturity and delivers its potential to improve patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth March
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, 21YF3 Mereside, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK.
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