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Nicholas-Haizelden K, Murphy B, Hoptroff M, Horsburgh MJ. Bioprospecting the Skin Microbiome: Advances in Therapeutics and Personal Care Products. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1899. [PMID: 37630459 PMCID: PMC10456854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the discovery and exploration of biological diversity found within organisms, genetic elements or produced compounds with prospective commercial or therapeutic applications. The human skin is an ecological niche which harbours a rich and compositional diversity microbiome stemming from the multifactorial interactions between the host and microbiota facilitated by exploitable effector compounds. Advances in the understanding of microbial colonisation mechanisms alongside species and strain interactions have revealed a novel chemical and biological understanding which displays applicative potential. Studies elucidating the organismal interfaces and concomitant understanding of the central processes of skin biology have begun to unravel a potential wealth of molecules which can exploited for their proposed functions. A variety of skin-microbiome-derived compounds display prospective therapeutic applications, ranging from antioncogenic agents relevant in skin cancer therapy to treatment strategies for antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. Considerable opportunities have emerged for the translation to personal care products, such as topical agents to mitigate various skin conditions such as acne and eczema. Adjacent compound developments have focused on cosmetic applications such as reducing skin ageing and its associated changes to skin properties and the microbiome. The skin microbiome contains a wealth of prospective compounds with therapeutic and commercial applications; however, considerable work is required for the translation of in vitro findings to relevant in vivo models to ensure translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir Nicholas-Haizelden
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
| | - Barry Murphy
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK; (B.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hoptroff
- Unilever Research & Development, Port Sunlight, Wirral CH63 3JW, UK; (B.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Malcolm J. Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK;
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2
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Kola-Mustapha AT, Raji MA, Adedeji O, Ambrose GO. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling to Elucidate the Potential Mechanism of Neem Oil against Acne vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062849. [PMID: 36985821 PMCID: PMC10056471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with a complicated etiology. Papules, lesions, comedones, blackheads, and other skin lesions are common physical manifestations of Acne vulgaris, but the individual who has it also regularly has psychological repercussions. Natural oils are being utilized more and more to treat skin conditions since they have fewer negative effects and are expected to provide benefits. Using network pharmacology, this study aims to ascertain if neem oil has any anti-acne benefits and, if so, to speculate on probable mechanisms of action for such effects. The neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) were collected, verified, authenticated, and assigned a voucher number. After steam distillation was used to extract the neem oil, the phytochemical components of the oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of the oil were computationally examined for drug-likeness using Lipinski's criteria. The Pharm Mapper service was used to anticipate the targets. Prior to pathway and protein-protein interaction investigations, molecular docking was performed to predict binding affinity. Neem oil was discovered to be a potential target for STAT1, CSK, CRABP2, and SYK genes in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. In conclusion, it was discovered that the neem oil components with PubChem IDs: ID_610088 (2-(1-adamantyl)-N-methylacetamide), ID_600826 (N-benzyl-2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide), and ID_16451547 (N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylpropanamide) have strong affinities for these drug targets and may thus be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Muhabat Adeola Raji
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oluwakorede Adedeji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
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Mitchell BL, Saklatvala JR, Dand N, Hagenbeek FA, Li X, Min JL, Thomas L, Bartels M, Jan Hottenga J, Lupton MK, Boomsma DI, Dong X, Hveem K, Løset M, Martin NG, Barker JN, Han J, Smith CH, Rentería ME, Simpson MA. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 29 new acne susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2022; 13:702. [PMID: 35132056 PMCID: PMC8821634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable skin disorder that primarily impacts facial skin. Severely inflamed lesions may leave permanent scars that have been associated with long-term psychosocial consequences. Here, we perform a GWAS meta-analysis comprising 20,165 individuals with acne from nine independent European ancestry cohorts. We identify 29 novel genome-wide significant loci and replicate 14 of the 17 previously identified risk loci, bringing the total number of reported acne risk loci to 46. Using fine-mapping and eQTL colocalisation approaches, we identify putative causal genes at several acne susceptibility loci that have previously been implicated in Mendelian hair and skin disorders, including pustular psoriasis. We identify shared genetic aetiology between acne, hormone levels, hormone-sensitive cancers and psychiatric traits. Finally, we show that a polygenic risk score calculated from our results explains up to 5.6% of the variance in acne liability in an independent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake R Saklatvala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, US
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, US
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laurent Thomas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mari Løset
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of Orthopaedy, Rheumatology and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, US
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, US
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK.
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Benna C, Rajendran S, Spiro G, Menin C, Dall'Olmo L, Rossi CR, Mocellin S. Gender-specific associations between polymorphisms of the circadian gene RORA and cutaneous melanoma susceptibility. J Transl Med 2021; 19:57. [PMID: 33549124 PMCID: PMC7866430 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the deadliest of skin cancers and has an increasing annual incidence worldwide. It is a multi-factorial disease most likely arising from both genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to ultraviolet light. Genetic variability of the components of the biological circadian clock is recognized to be a risk factor for different type of cancers. Moreover, two variants of a clock gene, RORA, have been associated with melanoma patient's prognosis. Our aim is to test the hypothesis that specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the circadian clock genes may significantly influence the predisposition to develop cutaneous melanoma or the outcome of melanoma patients. METHODS We genotyped 1239 subjects, 629 cases of melanoma and 610 healthy controls in 14 known SNPs of seven selected clock genes: AANAT, CLOCK, NPAS2, PER1, PER2, RORA, and TIMELESS. Genotyping was conducted by q-PCR. Multivariate logistic regression was employed for susceptibility of melanoma assessment, modeled additively. Subgroup analysis was performed by gender. For the female subgroup, a further discrimination was performed by age. For prognosis of melanoma assessment, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression was employed. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was utilized as adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS We identified two RORA SNPs statistically significant with respect to the association with melanoma susceptibility. Considering the putative role of RORA as a nuclear steroid hormone receptor, we conducted a subgroup analysis by gender. Interestingly, the RORA rs339972 C allele was associated with a decreased predisposition to develop melanoma only in the female subgroup (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51-0.88; P = 0.003) while RORA rs10519097 T allele was associated with a decreased predisposition to develop melanoma only in the male subgroup (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.87; P = 0.005). Moreover, the RORA rs339972 C allele had a decreased susceptibility to develop melanoma only in females aged over 50 years old (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.83; P = 0.0002). None of the studied SNPs were significantly associated with the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we cannot ascertain that circadian pathway genetic variation is involved in melanoma susceptibility or prognosis. Nevertheless, we identified an interesting relationship between melanoma susceptibility and RORA polymorphisms acting in sex-specific manner and which is worth further future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,First Surgical Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliera Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Senthilkumar Rajendran
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spiro
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Menin
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV - IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardo Rossi
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padova, Italy
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6
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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7
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Cervenka I, Al Rahmoun M, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Fournier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Caini S, Palli D, Ghiasvand R, Veierod MB, Botteri E, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Fortner RT, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Panico S, Trichopoulou A, Dessinioti C, Niforou K, Sieri S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Sandanger TM, Colorado-Yohar S, Sánchez MJ, Gil Majuelo L, Lujan-Barroso L, Ardanaz E, Merino S, Isaksson K, Butt S, Ljuslinder I, Jansson M, Travis RC, Khaw KT, Weiderpass E, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Kvaskoff M. Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:3267-3280. [PMID: 31506954 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992-2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97-1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cervenka
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Al Rahmoun
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research, Prevention and Oncology Network Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierod
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Department of Bowel Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Women's Health, Women's Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di medicina clinica e chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Clio Dessinioti
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Dermatology Andreas Syggros Hospital University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano Via Venezian, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale (ASP), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sandra Colorado-Yohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria J Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Biomedical Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Leire Gil Majuelo
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Salma Butt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Jansson
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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8
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Kim MH, Ha IJ, Kim E, Kim K. Integrated targeted serum metabolomic profile and its association with gender, age, disease severity, and pattern identification in acne. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228074. [PMID: 31951642 PMCID: PMC6968861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Westernized diet and nutritional metabolism are important in acne pathogenesis, especially in adult patients. However, clinical and basic data are lacking. Pattern identification (PI) is a tool that results in a diagnostic conclusion based on a cluster of concurrent symptoms and signs in traditional medicine. Acne can be classified by PI. However, whether the metabolomic profile differs according to the PI of acne is unknown. Metabolomic data would help clarify the pathogenesis of acne. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 40 healthy controls and 60 subjects with acne. We evaluated androgens, serum lipids, essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids, other amino acids, and pro-inflammatory cytokines of all subjects and compared the metabolomic profiles between acne subjects and healthy controls, and in subgroups according to gender, age, severity, and PI. Results Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and serum fatty acids were significantly higher in female subjects, adolescents, and those with disharmony of the thoroughfare and conception vessels. The total essential and nonessential amino acids were significantly lower in the overall, female, adult, severe, and phlegm-stasis group. The latter group exhibited elevated serum levels of interleukin-1β and -6. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate serum lipids, amino acids, and cytokines in subjects with acne. We analyzed the differences between metabolomic profiles to determine the diagnostic value of PI. Prospective studies with more patients are needed to confirm the characteristics of each PI and lipidomic data will enrich knowledge concerning lipid mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Kim
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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9
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Brown RB. Potential interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia in tumorigenesis. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3909-3916. [PMID: 31729262 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present article proposes that the association of inflammation with cancer is potentially mediated by the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia. Hyperemia increases blood flow rate and blood volume, and hyperphosphatemia is caused by elevated serum levels of dysregulated inorganic phosphate. It is hypothesized that the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia circulates increased amounts of inorganic phosphate to the tumor microenvironment, where increased uptake of inorganic phosphate through sodium-phosphate cotransporters is sequestered in cells. Elevated levels of intracellular phosphorus increase biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA, leading to increased protein synthesis that supports tumor growth. The present article also proposes that the interaction of inflammatory hyperemia and hyperphosphatemia may help explain a chemopreventive mechanism associated with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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10
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Murphy JD, Sandler D, White AJ, O'Brien KM. Severe acne and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:487-495. [PMID: 31165375 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormonal imbalance early in life is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. Severe acne may arise from hormonal imbalance and could serve as an indicator of increased breast cancer risk. We explored whether severe acne was associated with incident breast cancer. METHODS We used data from the Sister Study, a large (n = 50,884) prospective cohort of women who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer, but who were free of breast cancer themselves at baseline. Participants completed a structured questionnaire that included demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history, including any diagnosis of severe acne. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of severe acne and breast cancer (invasive disease or ductal carcinoma in situ). RESULTS During an average of 8.4 years of follow-up, 3049 breast cancer cases were diagnosed. Ever being diagnosed with severe acne was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.98, 1.54), particularly in women who were diagnosed prior to age 18 years (HR 1.40; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90). Results were similar when limited to invasive cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports a non-significant positive association between severe acne-a potential marker of hormonal imbalance-and breast cancer risk. These findings suggest that severe acne, when considered along with other risk factors, could help to identify women who may be at a higher risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Murphy
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Dale Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, USA
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11
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Li WQ, Cho E, Wu S, Li S, Matthews NH, Qureshi AA. Host Characteristics and Risk of Incident Melanoma by Breslow Thickness. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:217-224. [PMID: 30341099 PMCID: PMC6324995 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several host characteristics, including pigmentary traits (hair color, sunburn susceptibility and tanning ability), number of common nevi (moles), and family history of melanoma, have been associated with risk of melanoma. METHODS We prospectively examined the associations between host characteristics and risk of incident melanoma by Breslow thickness (≤1 mm, thin melanoma; or >1 mm, "thicker melanoma") based on the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 86,380 women), NHS II (n = 104,100 women), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n = 46,934 men). RESULTS During 22-30 years' follow-up, a total of 1,813 incident melanoma cases were identified with information on Breslow thickness, 1,392 (76.8%) of which had thin melanoma. No significant differences were observed for thin and thicker melanoma in associations with hair color, sunburn susceptibility, and tanning ability. However, we found significant differences for the association with family history of melanoma, with a higher risk estimate for thicker melanoma [HR = 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.91-3.42] than thin melanoma (HR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.21-2.08; P heterogeneity = 0.02). Interestingly, women and men displayed differential associations between nevi count and risk of melanoma by Breslow thickness, with the association appearing stronger for thicker melanoma than thin melanoma in men (P heterogeneity = 0.01), but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with family history of melanoma may be more likely to develop thicker melanoma. Men with high number of common nevi may tend to develop thicker melanoma, which was not found for women. IMPACT The findings further stress the risk of thicker melanoma for individuals with a family history of melanoma and men with a high nevi count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suyun Li
- School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Natalie H Matthews
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Li B, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu H, Bloomer W, Zhu D, Amos CI, Fang S, Lee JE, Li X, Han J, Wei Q. Genetic variants in RORA and DNMT1 associated with cutaneous melanoma survival. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2303-2312. [PMID: 29313974 PMCID: PMC5893376 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is considered as a steroid hormone-related malignancy. However, few studies have evaluated the roles of genetic variants encoding steroid hormone receptor genes and their related regulators (SHR-related genes) in CM-specific survival (CMSS). Here, we performed a pathway-based analysis to evaluate genetic variants of 191 SHR-related genes in 858 CMSS patients using a dataset from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), and then validated the results in an additional dataset of 409 patients from the Harvard GWAS. Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, we identified three-independent SNPs (RORA rs782917 G > A, RORA rs17204952 C > T and DNMT1 rs7253062 G > A) as predictors of CMSS, with a variant-allele attributed hazards ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval of 1.62 (1.25-2.09), 1.60 (1.20-2.13) and 1.52 (1.20-1.94), respectively. Combined analysis of risk genotypes of these three SNPs revealed a decreased CMSS in a dose-response manner as the number of risk genotypes increased (ptrend < 0.001); however, no improvement in the prediction model was observed (area under the curve [AUC] = 79.6-80.8%, p = 0.656), when these risk genotypes were added to the model containing clinical variables. Our findings suggest that genetic variants of RORA and DNMT1 may be promising biomarkers for CMSS, but these results needed to be validated in future larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, PR China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wendy Bloomer
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dakai Zhu
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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14
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Tetracycline use and risk of incident skin cancer: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:294-298. [PMID: 29073637 PMCID: PMC5785738 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetracycline is a photosensitising medication that increases skin vulnerability to UV-related damage. Methods: We prospectively examined tetracycline use and risk of incident melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) based on 213 536 participants from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS2, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Information on ever use of tetracycline was asked via questionnaire. Diagnoses of melanoma and SCC were pathologically confirmed. Results: Tetracycline use was associated with a modestly increased risk of BCC (ncase=36 377), with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02–1.21, P-trend=0.05 by duration of use). Tetracycline use was not significantly associated with melanoma (ncase=1831, HR=1.09, 95% CI=0.94–1.27) or SCC (ncase=3332, HR=1.04, 95% CI=0.91–1.18) risk overall. However, we observed positive interactions between tetracycline use and adulthood UV exposure on SCC risk (P-interaction=0.05). Conclusion: Tetracycline use was associated with a modestly increased risk of BCC, but was not associated with melanoma or SCC.
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15
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Mota Garcia T, Hiyoshi A, Udumyan R, Sjöqvist H, Fall K, Montgomery S. Acne in late adolescence is not associated with a raised risk of subsequent malignant melanoma among men. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 51:44-48. [PMID: 29032321 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association of acne in late adolescence with the risk for subsequent malignant melanoma (MM) in men. METHODS Swedish register-based cohort study of 242,096 males born between 1952 and 1956, who took part in compulsory assessments for Swedish military conscription in late adolescence between 1969 and 1975, with subsequent diagnoses of MM (n=1,058) up to December 31, 2009. Covariates included measures of childhood circumstances and information from adolescence on presence of acne, physical fitness, cognitive function, body mass index (BMI), and a summary of diagnoses. Cox regression was used for the analysis. RESULTS In total 1,058 men were diagnosed with MM. Acne was not associated with subsequent MM, with an adjusted hazard ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.95 (0.61 to 1.49). Men with parents who were agricultural workers, and men who lived in northern Sweden, had lower physical fitness, or lower cognitive function had a lower risk of MM. Overweight and obesity was associated with a raised risk, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.39 (1.14, 1.71). CONCLUSIONS Acne in late adolescence is unlikely to represent a raised risk for subsequent MM in men. Overweight or obesity was identified as a raised risk for MM, possibly due to the associated increased skin surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mota Garcia
- Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ayako Hiyoshi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Ruzan Udumyan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hugo Sjöqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Statistics, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE 701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College, WC1E 6BT London, UK
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16
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Kooijman MN, Kruithof CJ, van Duijn CM, Duijts L, Franco OH, van IJzendoorn MH, de Jongste JC, Klaver CCW, van der Lugt A, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Peeters RP, Raat H, Rings EHHM, Rivadeneira F, van der Schroeff MP, Steegers EAP, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Verhulst FC, Wolvius E, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017. Eur J Epidemiol 2017. [PMID: 28070760 DOI: 10.1007/s10654‐016‐0224‐9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes and causal pathways leading to normal and abnormal growth, development and health from fetal life, childhood and young adulthood. This multidisciplinary study focuses on several health outcomes including behaviour and cognition, body composition, eye development, growth, hearing, heart and vascular development, infectious disease and immunity, oral health and facial growth, respiratory health, allergy and skin disorders of children and their parents. Main exposures of interest include environmental, endocrine, genomic (genetic, epigenetic, microbiome), lifestyle related, nutritional and socio-demographic determinants. In total, 9778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. Response at baseline was 61%, and general follow-up rates until the age of 10 years were around 80%. Data collection in children and their parents includes questionnaires, interviews, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, lung function, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and biological sampling. Genome and epigenome wide association screens are available. Eventually, results from the Generation R Study contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J Kruithof
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond H H M Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P van der Schroeff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Kooijman MN, Kruithof CJ, van Duijn CM, Duijts L, Franco OH, van IJzendoorn MH, de Jongste JC, Klaver CCW, van der Lugt A, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Peeters RP, Raat H, Rings EHHM, Rivadeneira F, van der Schroeff MP, Steegers EAP, Tiemeier H, Uitterlinden AG, Verhulst FC, Wolvius E, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV. The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 31:1243-1264. [PMID: 28070760 PMCID: PMC5233749 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-016-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes and causal pathways leading to normal and abnormal growth, development and health from fetal life, childhood and young adulthood. This multidisciplinary study focuses on several health outcomes including behaviour and cognition, body composition, eye development, growth, hearing, heart and vascular development, infectious disease and immunity, oral health and facial growth, respiratory health, allergy and skin disorders of children and their parents. Main exposures of interest include environmental, endocrine, genomic (genetic, epigenetic, microbiome), lifestyle related, nutritional and socio-demographic determinants. In total, 9778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. Response at baseline was 61%, and general follow-up rates until the age of 10 years were around 80%. Data collection in children and their parents includes questionnaires, interviews, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, lung function, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and biological sampling. Genome and epigenome wide association screens are available. Eventually, results from the Generation R Study contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J Kruithof
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond H H M Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P van der Schroeff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (NA-2915), Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ribero S, Sanna M, Visconti A, Navarini A, Aviv A, Glass D, Spector TD, Smith C, Simpson M, Barker J, Mangino M, Falchi M, Bataille V. Acne and Telomere Length: A New Spectrum between Senescence and Apoptosis Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:513-515. [PMID: 27693374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ribero
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Navarini
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel Glass
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Smith
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Simpson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Barker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Dermatology, West Herts NHS Trust, Herts, UK
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19
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Li WQ, Cho E, Han J, Weinstock MA, Qureshi AA. Male pattern baldness and risk of incident skin cancer in a cohort of men. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2671-2678. [PMID: 27542665 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between male-pattern baldness and risk of incident skin cancer, including invasive melanoma, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in a prospective analysis, based on 36,032 participants from the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. In 1992, participants reported their status of male-pattern baldness at age 45 years by choosing from five crown-view pictograms based on Norwood's classification. Diagnosis of skin cancers was reported biennially and information on melanoma and SCC was pathologically confirmed. We identified 327 melanoma cases, 1324 SCC cases, and 8438 BCC cases during the follow-up. Male-pattern baldness was not significantly associated with risk of incident melanoma, but was significantly associated with increased risk of SCC and BCC. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest category of baldness (frontal plus severe vertex baldness) was 1.33 (1.06-1.68) for SCC (ptrend = 0.001) and 1.23 (1.12-1.35) for BCC (ptrend < 0.0001), compared with no baldness. Analyses by body sites found significant associations between frontal plus moderate to severe vertex baldness and risk of melanoma (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01-3.34) and SCC (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66) at head and neck. The associations were particularly stronger for scalp melanoma (HR = 7.15, 95% CI: 1.29-39.42) and scalp SCC (HR = 7.09, 95% CI: 3.84-13.08), but not for non-scalp head and neck sites. Information on body sites was not available for BCC. In conclusion, male pattern baldness may be associated with increased risk of skin cancer, but the associations may only exist for those occurring at head and neck, particularly at scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.,Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Martin A Weinstock
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Center for Dermatoepidemiology, VA Medical Center, Providence, RI.,Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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20
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Rosacea, Use of Tetracycline, and Risk of Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Women. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:220-5.e1-3. [PMID: 26404866 PMCID: PMC4718878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease. Case reports have shown rosacea as a comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no epidemiologic studies have examined rosacea and risk of subsequent IBD. The association between tetracycline use and risk of IBD was assessed, but this study produced limited findings. We examined the association between rosacea, use of tetracycline, and risk of incident Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS We analyzed data from 96,314 participants in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2011). Information on IBD was confirmed by medical review. Participants were asked in 2005 about their lifetime histories of clinician-diagnosed rosacea and year of diagnosis. Information on ever use of tetracycline was collected in 1993. RESULTS During 1,856,587 person-years (1991-2011), we identified 149 cases of CD and 215 cases of UC. Rosacea was not associated with risk of UC. In contrast, rosacea was significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent CD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-4.18), which appeared particularly stronger for a longer duration after a diagnosis of rosacea (Ptrend = .01). Tetracycline use was associated with increased risk of CD (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.09-2.24) and UC (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.80); there was a trend toward increased risk with increased duration of use (both Ptrend < .05) (1993-2011). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of an analysis of data from the Nurses' Health Study II, ever use of tetracycline at baseline is associated with an increased risk of CD and UC. Personal history of rosacea is associated with an increased risk of only CD.
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21
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Lehrer S. Finasteride and dutasteride may reduce melanoma risk. Cancer 2015; 121:3558. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University; Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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23
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris, an epidemic inflammatory skin disease of adolescence, is closely related to Western diet. Three major food classes that promote acne are: 1) hyperglycemic carbohydrates, 2) milk and dairy products, 3) saturated fats including trans-fats and deficient ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Diet-induced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)-signaling is superimposed on elevated IGF-1 levels during puberty, thereby unmasking the impact of aberrant nutrigenomics on sebaceous gland homeostasis. Western diet provides abundant branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), glutamine, and palmitic acid. Insulin and IGF-1 suppress the activity of the metabolic transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). Insulin, IGF-1, BCAAs, glutamine, and palmitate activate the nutrient-sensitive kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the key regulator of anabolism and lipogenesis. FoxO1 is a negative coregulator of androgen receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor-α, and sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), crucial transcription factors of sebaceous lipogenesis. mTORC1 stimulates the expression of PPARγ and SREBP-1c, promoting sebum production. SREBP-1c upregulates stearoyl-CoA- and Δ6-desaturase, enhancing the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids in sebum triglycerides. Diet-mediated aberrations in sebum quantity (hyperseborrhea) and composition (dysseborrhea) promote Propionibacterium acnes overgrowth and biofilm formation with overexpression of the virulence factor triglyceride lipase increasing follicular levels of free palmitate and oleate. Free palmitate functions as a "danger signal," stimulating toll-like receptor-2-mediated inflammasome activation with interleukin-1β release, Th17 differentiation, and interleukin-17-mediated keratinocyte proliferation. Oleate stimulates P. acnes adhesion, keratinocyte proliferation, and comedogenesis via interleukin-1α release. Thus, diet-induced metabolomic alterations promote the visible sebofollicular inflammasomopathy acne vulgaris. Nutrition therapy of acne has to increase FoxO1 and to attenuate mTORC1/SREBP-1c signaling. Patients should balance total calorie uptake and restrict refined carbohydrates, milk, dairy protein supplements, saturated fats, and trans-fats. A paleolithic-like diet enriched in vegetables and fish is recommended. Plant-derived mTORC1 inhibitors and ω-3-PUFAs are promising dietary supplements supporting nutrition therapy of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Germany
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