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Sun J, Zhao J, Zhou S, Li X, Li T, Wang L, Yuan S, Chen D, Law PJ, Larsson SC, Farrington SM, Houlston RS, Dunlop MG, Theodoratou E, Li X. Systematic investigation of genetically determined plasma and urinary metabolites to discover potential interventional targets for colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1303-1312. [PMID: 38648753 PMCID: PMC11308169 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify plasma and urinary metabolites related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and elucidate their mediator role in the associations between modifiable risk factors and CRC. METHODS Metabolite quantitative trait loci were derived from 2 published metabolomics genome-wide association studies, and summary-level data were extracted for 651 plasma metabolites and 208 urinary metabolites. Genetic associations with CRC were obtained from a large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis (100 204 cases, 154 587 controls) and the FinnGen cohort (4957 cases, 304 197 controls). Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses were performed to evaluate the causal roles of metabolites in CRC. Druggability evaluation was employed to prioritize potential therapeutic targets. Multivariable Mendelian randomization and mediation estimation were conducted to elucidate the mediating effects of metabolites on the associations between modifiable risk factors and CRC. RESULTS The study identified 30 plasma metabolites and 4 urinary metabolites for CRC. Plasma sphingomyelin and urinary lactose, which were positively associated with CRC risk, could be modulated by drug interventions (ie, olipudase alfa, tilactase). Thirteen modifiable risk factors were associated with 9 metabolites, and 8 of these modifiable risk factors were associated with CRC risk. These 9 metabolites mediated the effect of modifiable risk factors (Actinobacteria, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, fasting insulin, smoking initiation) on CRC. CONCLUSION This study identified key metabolite biomarkers associated with CRC and elucidated their mediator roles in the associations between modifiable risk factors and CRC. These findings provide new insights into the etiology and potential therapeutic targets for CRC and the etiological pathways of modifiable environmental factors with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyun Zhou
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxuan Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kang C, Zhang J, Xue M, Li X, Ding D, Wang Y, Jiang S, Chu FF, Gao Q, Zhang M. Metabolomics analyses of cancer tissue from patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:219. [PMID: 37772396 PMCID: PMC10568249 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of metabolism is essential for the initiation and progression of numerous types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Metabolomics has been used to study CRC. At present, the reprogramming of the metabolism in CRC remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the paired CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from patients with CRC (n=35) using ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry. Subsequently, bioinformatic analysis was performed on the differentially expressed metabolites. The changes in these differential metabolites were compared among groups of patients based on sex, anatomical tumor location, grade of tumor differentiation and stage of disease. A total of 927 metabolites were detected in the tissue samples, and 24 metabolites in the CRC tissue were significantly different compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The present study revealed that the levels of three amino acid metabolites were increased in the CRC tissue, specifically, N‑α‑acetyl‑ε‑(2‑propenal)‑Lys, cyclo(Glu‑Glu) and cyclo(Phe‑Glu). The metabolites with decreased levels in the CRC tissue included quinaldic acid (also referred to as quinoline‑2‑carboxilic acid), 17α‑ and 17β‑estradiol, which are associated with tumor suppression activities, as well as other metabolites such as, anhydro‑β‑glucose, Asp‑Arg, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE), lysophosphatidylinositol, carnitine, 5'‑deoxy‑5'‑(methylthio) adenosine, 2'‑deoxyinosine‑5'‑monophosphate and thiamine monophosphate. There was no difference in the levels of the differential metabolites between male and female patients. The differentiation of CRC also showed no impact on the levels of the differential metabolites. The levels of lysoPE were increased in the right side of the colon compared with the left side of the colon and rectum. Analysis of the different tumor stages indicated that 2‑aminobenzenesulfonic acid, P‑sulfanilic acid and quinoline‑4‑carboxylic acid were decreased in stage I CRC tissue compared with stage II, III and IV CRC tissue. The levels of N‑α‑acetyl‑ε‑(2‑propenal)‑Lys, methylcysteine and 5'‑deoxy‑5'‑(methylthio) adenosine varied at different stages of tumorigenesis. These differential metabolites were implicated in multiple metabolism pathways, including carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, nucleotide and hormone. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CRC tumors had altered metabolites compared with normal tissue. The data from the metabolic profile of CRC tissues in the present study provided supportive evidence to understand tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Kang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Ding
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Shujing Jiang
- Department of Acute Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London SE18 4QH, UK
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of The City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Mengqiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center of Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
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Privatt SR, Braga CP, Johnson A, Lidenge SJ, Berry L, Ngowi JR, Ngalamika O, Chapple AG, Mwaiselage J, Wood C, West JT, Adamec J. Comparative polar and lipid plasma metabolomics differentiate KSHV infection and disease states. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 37653396 PMCID: PMC10470137 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic disease etiologically associated with infection by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS manifests primarily as cutaneous lesions in individuals due to either age (classical KS), HIV infection (epidemic KS), or tissue rejection preventatives in transplantation (iatrogenic KS) but can also occur in individuals, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), lacking any obvious immune suppression (endemic KS). The high endemicity of KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) co-infection in Africa results in KS being one of the top 5 cancers there. As with most viral cancers, infection with KSHV alone is insufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Indeed, KSHV infection of primary human endothelial cell cultures, even at high levels, is rarely associated with long-term culture, transformation, or growth deregulation, yet infection in vivo is sustained for life. Investigations of immune mediators that distinguish KSHV infection, KSHV/HIV co-infection, and symptomatic KS disease have yet to reveal consistent correlates of protection against or progression to KS. In addition to viral infection, it is plausible that pathogenesis also requires an immunological and metabolic environment permissive to the abnormal endothelial cell growth evident in KS tumors. In this study, we explored whether plasma metabolomes could differentiate asymptomatic KSHV-infected individuals with or without HIV co-infection and symptomatic KS from each other. METHODS To investigate how metabolic changes may correlate with co-infections and tumorigenesis, plasma samples derived from KSHV seropositive sub-Saharan African subjects in three groups, (A) asymptomatic (lacking neoplastic disease) with KSHV infection only, (B) asymptomatic co-infected with KSHV and HIV, and (C) symptomatic with clinically diagnosed KS, were subjected to analysis of lipid and polar metabolite profiles RESULTS: Polar and nonpolar plasma metabolic differentials were evident in both comparisons. Integration of the metabolic findings with our previously reported KS transcriptomics data suggests dysregulation of amino acid/urea cycle and purine metabolic pathways, in concert with viral infection in KS disease progression. CONCLUSIONS This study is, to our knowledge, the first to report human plasma metabolic differentials between in vivo KSHV infection and co-infection with HIV, as well as differentials between co-infection and epidemic KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Privatt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Alicia Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Salum J Lidenge
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Luke Berry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John R Ngowi
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Adult Hospital of the University Teaching Hospitals, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew G Chapple
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Julius Mwaiselage
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Charles Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Bhatt K, Orlando T, Meuwis MA, Louis E, Stefanuto PH, Focant JF. Comprehensive Insight into Colorectal Cancer Metabolites and Lipids for Human Serum: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119614. [PMID: 37298566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The current endoscopic-based or stool-based diagnostic techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, there is a need for less invasive and more sensitive screening approaches. We, therefore, conducted a study on 64 human serum samples representing three different groups (adenocarcinoma, adenoma, and control) using cutting-edge GC×GC-LR/HR-TOFMS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with low/high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry). We analyzed samples with two different specifically tailored sample preparation approaches for lipidomics (fatty acids) (25 μL serum) and metabolomics (50 μL serum). In-depth chemometric screening with supervised and unsupervised approaches and metabolic pathway analysis were applied to both datasets. A lipidomics study revealed that specific PUFA (ω-3) molecules are inversely associated with increased odds of CRC, while some PUFA (ω-6) analytes show a positive correlation. The metabolomics approach revealed downregulation of amino acids (alanine, glutamate, methionine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) and myo-inositol in CRC, while 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were increased. This unique study provides comprehensive insight into molecular-level changes associated with CRC and allows for a comparison of the efficiency of two different analytical approaches for CRC screening using same serum samples and single instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Bhatt
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Titziana Orlando
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Alice Meuwis
- GIGA Institute, Translational Gastroenterology and CHU de Liège, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, B34-35, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- GIGA Institute, Translational Gastroenterology and CHU de Liège, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 13, B34-35, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group (OBiAChem), MolSys, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Naes SM, Ab-Rahim S, Mazlan M, Amir Hashim NA, Abdul Rahman A. Increased ENT2 expression and its association with altered purine metabolism in cell lines derived from different stages of colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:212. [PMID: 37123217 PMCID: PMC10133795 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancer types worldwide. Although the purine metabolism pathway is vital for cancer cell survival, little is known about the role of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) in CRC development and its association with purine metabolites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), hypoxanthine and uric acid (UA), as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and investigate their association with ENT2 expression levels in a normal human colon cell line and CRC cell lines derived from different stages of CRC. These analyses were performed using the normal colon CCD-841CoN cell line and a panel of human CRC cell lines comprising SW480, HCT15 and HCT116, which represent Dukes' B, C and D stages, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to determine the level of ENT2 mRNA expression. In cells of all CRC stages, the levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine were significantly higher (P<0.05), while XO activity and UA levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), compared with those in the CCD-841CoN cell line. ENT2 expression was found to be elevated in cells derived from all stages of CRC. The Dukes' D stage cell line had higher levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine, although its ENT2 level was not significantly lower than that of the Dukes' B and C stage cell lines. Increased levels of HPRT and hypoxanthine in various stages of CRC may indicate an increase in the activity of the salvage pathway. The increased expression of ENT2 implies the importance of the ENT2 protein in facilitating hypoxanthine transport, which is required for enhanced DNA synthesis via hypoxanthine recycling. In conclusion, ENT2 may have potential as a target in the development of CRC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M. Naes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
- Correspondence to: Dr Amirah Abdul Rahman, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
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de Bruyn DP, Bongaerts M, Bonte R, Vaarwater J, Meester-Smoor MA, Verdijk RM, Paridaens D, Naus NC, de Klein A, Ruijter GJG, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal Melanoma Patients Have a Distinct Metabolic Phenotype in Peripheral Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065077. [PMID: 36982149 PMCID: PMC10049075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanomas (UM) are detected earlier. Consequently, tumors are smaller, allowing for novel eye-preserving treatments. This reduces tumor tissue available for genomic profiling. Additionally, these small tumors can be hard to differentiate from nevi, creating the need for minimally invasive detection and prognostication. Metabolites show promise as minimally invasive detection by resembling the biological phenotype. In this pilot study, we determined metabolite patterns in the peripheral blood of UM patients (n = 113) and controls (n = 46) using untargeted metabolomics. Using a random forest classifier (RFC) and leave-one-out cross-validation, we confirmed discriminatory metabolite patterns in UM patients compared to controls with an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.99 in both positive and negative ion modes. The RFC and leave-one-out cross-validation did not reveal discriminatory metabolite patterns in high-risk versus low-risk of metastasizing in UM patients. Ten-time repeated analyses of the RFC and LOOCV using 50% randomly distributed samples showed similar results for UM patients versus controls and prognostic groups. Pathway analysis using annotated metabolites indicated dysregulation of several processes associated with malignancies. Consequently, minimally invasive metabolomics could potentially allow for screening as it distinguishes metabolite patterns that are putatively associated with oncogenic processes in the peripheral blood plasma of UM patients from controls at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël P. de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Bongaerts
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Bonte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Vaarwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert M. Verdijk
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Paridaens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. Naus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Costantini S, Di Gennaro E, Capone F, De Stefano A, Nasti G, Vitagliano C, Setola SV, Tatangelo F, Delrio P, Izzo F, Avallone A, Budillon A. Plasma metabolomics, lipidomics and cytokinomics profiling predict disease recurrence in metastatic colorectal cancer patients undergoing liver resection. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1110104. [PMID: 36713567 PMCID: PMC9875807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts), treatment strategies integrating liver resection with induction chemotherapy offer better 5-year survival rates than chemotherapy alone. However, liver resection is a complex and costly procedure, and recurrence occurs in almost 2/3rds of pts, suggesting the need to identify those at higher risk. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the integration of plasma metabolomics and lipidomics combined with the multiplex analysis of a large panel of plasma cytokines can be used to predict the risk of relapse and other patient outcomes after liver surgery, beyond or in combination with clinical morphovolumetric criteria. Experimental design Peripheral blood metabolomics and lipidomics were performed by 600 MHz NMR spectroscopy on plasma from 30 unresectable mCRC pts treated with bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based regimens within the Obelics trial (NCT01718873) and subdivided into responder (R) and non-R (NR) according to 1-year disease-free survival (DFS): ≥ 1-year (R, n = 12) and < 1-year (NR, n = 18). A large panel of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors was evaluated on the same plasma using Luminex xMAP-based multiplex bead-based immunoassay technology. A multiple biomarkers model was built using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) and loading plots obtained by analyzing metabolomics profiles of samples collected at the time of response evaluation when resectability was established showed significantly different levels of metabolites between the two groups. Two metabolites, 3-hydroxybutyrate and histidine, significantly predicted DFS and overall survival. Lipidomics analysis confirmed clear differences between the R and NR pts, indicating a statistically significant increase in lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids) in NR pts, reflecting a nonspecific inflammatory response. Indeed, a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines was demonstrated in NR pts plasma. Finally, a multiple biomarkers model based on the combination of presurgery plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and IL-6 was able to correctly classify patients by their DFS with good accuracy. Conclusion Overall, this exploratory study suggests the potential of these combined biomarker approaches to predict outcomes in mCRC patients who are candidates for liver metastasis resection after induction treatment for defining personalized management and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Innovative Therapy for Abdominal Metastases Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Venanzio Setola
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Oncological Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Experimental Clinical Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy,*Correspondence: Alfredo Budillon,
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Guo J, Pan Y, Chen J, Jin P, Tang S, Wang H, Su H, Wang Q, Chen C, Xiong F, Liu K, Li Y, Su M, Tang T, He Y, Sheng J. Serum metabolite signatures in normal individuals and patients with colorectal adenoma or colorectal cancer using UPLC-MS/MS method. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104741. [PMID: 36174955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Sporadic CRC develops from normal mucosa via adenoma to adenocarcinoma, which provides a long screening window for clinical detection. However, early diagnosis of sporadic colorectal adenoma (CRA) and CRC using serum metabolic screening remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify some promising signatures for distinguishing the different pathological metabolites of colorectal mucosal malignant transformation. A total of 238 endogenous metabolites were elected. We found that CRA and CRC patients had 72 and 73 different metabolites compared with healthy controls, respectively. There were 20 different metabolites between CRA and CRC patients. The potential metabolites of tumor growth (including patients with CRA and CRC) were found, such as A-d-glucose, D-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-cystine, Sarcosine, TXB 2, 12-Hete, and chenodeoxycholic acid. Compared with CRA, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid was significantly higher in CRC patients. There results prompt us to use the potential serum signatures to screen CRC as the novel strategy. Serum metabolite screening is useful for early detection of mucosal intestinal malignancy. We will further investigate the roles of these promising biomarkers during intestinal tumorigenesis in future. SIGNIFICANCE: CRC is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Sporadic CRC develops from normal mucosa via adenomas to adenocarcinoma, which provides a long screening window for about 5-10 years. We adopt the metabolic analysis of extensive targeted metabolic technology. The main purpose of the metabolic group analysis is to detect and screen the different metabolites, thereby performing related functional prediction and analysis of the differential metabolites. In our study, 30 samples are selected, divided into 3 groups for metabolic analysis, and 238 metabolites are elected. In 238 metabolites, we find that CRA patients have 72 different metabolites compared with health control. Compared with health control, CRC have 73 different metabolites. Compared with CRA and CRC patients, there are 20 different metabolites. The annotation results of the significantly different metabolites are classified according to the KEGG pathway type. The potential metabolites of tumor growth stage (including patients with CRA and CRC) are found, such as A-d-glucose, D-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-cystine, sarcosine, TXB 2, 12-Hete and chenodeoxycholic acid. Compared with CRA patients, CRC patients had significantly higher 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid level. It is prompted to use serum different metabolites to screen CRC to provide new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachi Guo
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanming Pan
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jigui Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Wuhan, No. 8 Hospital. No. 1307 Zhongshan Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Wuhan, No. 8 Hospital. No. 1307 Zhongshan Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Wuhan, No. 8 Hospital. No. 1307 Zhongshan Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Wuhan, No. 8 Hospital. No. 1307 Zhongshan Avenue, Jiang'an District, Hankou, Wuhan City, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- DHC Mediway Technology Co., Ltd., 14F, Zijin Digital Park, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yansheng Li
- DHC Mediway Technology Co., Ltd., 14F, Zijin Digital Park, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingliang Su
- DHC Mediway Technology Co., Ltd., 14F, Zijin Digital Park, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Wuhan Metwell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Building B7/B8, Biological Industry Innovation Base, 666 Gaoxin Avenue, Donghu New Technology Development Zone, Wuhan City, Hubei 430075, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong 510280, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, No. 9 Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, China.
| | - Jianqiu Sheng
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 5 Nanmencang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
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9
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Abstract
Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous studies have focused on variations in the oral bacterial microbiota of patients with OSCC. However, similar studies on fungal microbiota, another integral component of the oral microbiota, are scarce. Moreover, there is an evidence gap regarding the role that microecosystems play in different niches of the oral cavity at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. Here, we catalogued the microbial communities in the human oral cavity by profiling saliva, gingival plaque, and mucosal samples at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. We analyzed the oral bacteriome and mycobiome along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence. Some species, including Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Acremonium exuviarum, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were enriched, whereas others, such as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Scapharca broughtonii, Mortierella echinula, and Morchella septimelata, were depleted in OSCC. These findings suggest that an array of signature species, including bacteria and fungi, are closely associated with oral carcinogenesis. OSCC-associated diversity differences, species distinction, and functional alterations were most remarkable in mucosal samples, not in gingival plaque or saliva samples, suggesting an urgent need to define oral carcinogenesis-associated microbial dysbiosis based on the spatial microbiome. IMPORTANCE Abundant oral microorganisms constitute a complex microecosystem within the oral environment of the host, which plays a critical role in the adjustment of various physiological and pathological states of the oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that variations in the "core microbiome" may be used to predict carcinogenesis. In addition, sample data collected from multiple oral sites along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence increase our understanding of the microecosystems of different oral niches and their specific changes during oral carcinogenesis. This work provides insight into the roles of bacteria and fungi in OSCC and may contribute to the development of early diagnostic assays and novel treatments.
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10
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Savva KV, Das B, Antonowicz S, Hanna GB, Peters CJ. Progress with Metabolomic Blood Tests for Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosis-An Assessment of Biomarker Translation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:2095-2105. [PMID: 36215181 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for cost-effective, non-invasive tools to detect early stages of gastrointestinal cancer (colorectal, gastric, and esophageal cancers). Despite many publications suggesting circulating metabolites acting as accurate cancer biomarkers, few have reached the clinic. In upper gastrointestinal cancer this is critically important, as there is no test to complement gold-standard endoscopic evaluation in patients with mild symptoms that do not meet referral criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and solve this translational gap. Studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of metabolomic blood-based gastrointestinal cancer biomarkers from 2007 to 2020 were systematically reviewed and progress of each biomarker along the discovery-validation-adoption pathway was mapped. Successful biomarker translation was defined as a composite endpoint, including patent protection/FDA approval/recommendation in national guidelines. The review found 77 biomarker panels of gastrointestinal cancer, including 25 with an AUROC >0.9. All but one was stalled at the discovery phase, 9.09% were patented and none were clinically approved, confirming the extent of biomarker translational gap. In addition, there were numerous "re-discoveries," including histidine, discovered in 7 colorectal studies. Finally, this study quantitatively supports the presence of a translational gap between discovery and clinical adoption, despite clear evidence of highly performing biomarkers with significant potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina-Vanessa Savva
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bibek Das
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Lv J, Jia H, Mo M, Yuan J, Wu Z, Zhang S, Zhe F, Gu B, Fan B, Li C, Zhang T, Zhu J. Changes of serum metabolites levels during neoadjuvant chemoradiation and prediction of the pathological response in locally advanced rectal cancer. Metabolomics 2022; 18:99. [PMID: 36441416 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have explored prediction value of serum metabolites in neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) response for rectal cancer. To date, limited literature is available for serum metabolome changes dynamically through NCRT. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore temporal change pattern of serum metabolites during NCRT, and potential metabolic biomarkers to predict the pathological response to NCRT in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. METHODS Based on dynamic UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics design, this study included 106 LARC patients treated with NCRT. Biological samples of the enrolled patients were collected in five consecutive time-points. Untargeted metabolomics was used to profile serum metabolic signatures from LARC patients. Then, we used fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) to explore temporal change patterns in metabolites cluster and identify monotonously changing metabolites during NCRT. Repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and multilevel partial least-squares discriminant analysis (ML-PLS-DA) were performed to select metabolic biomarkers. Finally, a panel of dynamic differential metabolites was used to build logistic regression prediction models. RESULTS Metabolite profiles showed a clearly tendency of separation between different follow-up panels. We identified two clusters of 155 serum metabolites with monotonously changing patterns during NCRT (74 decreased metabolites and 81 increased metabolites). Using RM-ANOVA and ML-PLS-DA, 8 metabolites (L-Norleucine, Betaine, Hypoxanthine, Acetylcholine, 1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Glycerophosphocholine, Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, N-Acetyl-L-alanine) were further identified as dynamic differential biomarkers for predicting NCRT sensitivity. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of prediction model combined with the baseline measurement was 0.54 (95%CI = 0.43 ~ 0.65). By incorporating the variability indexes of 8 dynamic differential metabolites, the prediction model showed better discrimination performance than baseline measurement, with AUC = 0.67 (95%CI 0.57 ~ 0.77), 0.64 (0.53 ~ 0.75), 0.60 (0.50 ~ 0.71), and 0.56 (0.45 ~ 0.67) for the variability index of difference, linear slope, ratio, and standard deviation, respectively. CONCLUSION This study identified eight metabolites as dynamic differential biomarkers to discriminate NCRT-sensitive and resistant patients. The changes of metabolite level during NCRT show better performance in predicting NCRT sensitivity. These findings highlight the clinical significance of metabolites variabilities in metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixun Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Zhe
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingbing Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ji Zhu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zheng R, Su R, Xing F, Li Q, Liu B, Wang D, Du Y, Huang K, Yan F, Wang J, Chen H, Feng S. Metabolic-Dysregulation-Based iEESI-MS Reveals Potential Biomarkers Associated with Early-Stage and Progressive Colorectal Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11821-11830. [PMID: 35976989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The application of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods can improve colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates dramatically. Here, we used a non-targeted metabolic analysis strategy based on internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) to detect metabolite ions associated with the progression of CRC from 172 tissues (45 stage I/II CRC, 41 stage III/IV CRC, and 86 well-matched normal tissues). A support vector machine (SVM) model based on 10 differential metabolite ions for differentiating early-stage CRC from normal tissues was built with a good prediction accuracy of 92.6%. The biomarker panel consisting of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:0) has good diagnostic potential in differentiating early-stage CRC from advanced-stage CRC. We showed that the down-regulation of LPC (18:0) in tumor tissues is associated with CRC progression and related to the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Pathway analysis showed that metabolic pathways in CRC are related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and purine metabolism. In conclusion, we built an SVM model with good performance to distinguish between early-stage CRC and normal groups based on iEESI-MS and found that LPC (18:0) is associated with the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Botong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daguang Wang
- Department of Gastric Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yechao Du
- Department of Gastric Colorectal and Anal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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13
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Hang D, Zeleznik OA, Lu J, Joshi AD, Wu K, Hu Z, Shen H, Clish CB, Liang L, Eliassen AH, Ogino S, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Song M. Plasma metabolomic profiles for colorectal cancer precursors in women. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:413-422. [PMID: 35032257 PMCID: PMC9189062 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
How metabolome changes influence the early process of colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains unknown. We conducted a 1:2 matched nested case-control study to examine the associations of pre-diagnostic plasma metabolome (profiled using LC-MS) with risk of CRC precursors, including conventional adenomas (n = 586 vs. 1141) and serrated polyps (n = 509 vs. 993), in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used the permutation-based Westfall and Young approach to account for multiple testing. Subgroup analyses were performed for advanced conventional adenomas (defined as at least one adenoma of ≥ 10 mm or with high-grade dysplasia, or tubulovillous or villous histology) and high-risk serrated polyps that were located in the proximal colon or with size of ≥ 10 mm. After multiple testing correction, among 207 metabolites, higher levels of C36:3 phosphatidylcholine (PC) plasmalogen were associated with lower risk of conventional adenomas, with the OR (95% CI) comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile of 0.62 (0.48-0.81); C54:8 triglyceride (TAG) was associated with higher risk of serrated polyps (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.31-2.43), and phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) was associated with lower risk (OR = 0.57, 95% CI:0.43-0.77). PAG was also inversely associated with advanced adenomas (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.89) and high-risk serrated polyps (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89), although the multiple testing-corrected p value was > 0.05. Our findings suggest potential roles of lipid metabolism and phenylacetylglutamine, a microbial metabolite, in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis, particularly for the serrated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Cancer Immunology Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 906A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Study on the levels of N-nitrosamine compounds and untargeted metabolomics in patients with colorectal cancer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3483-3496. [PMID: 35174409 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Plasma samples were collected from 34 patients with advanced CRC and 92 healthy persons (control group), and the levels of 9 VNAs were measured using GC-MS. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed using LC-MS/MS. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to determine differential metabolites between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed on the differential metabolites. It turned out that the detection rates of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in patients with CRC were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) were not detected in CRC patients. NDMA, N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and NPYR were detected in male and female patients with CRC. There was no difference in VNAs exposure between the sexes of CRC patients. In the positive and negative ion mode, a total of 132 differential metabolites and 6 differential metabolic pathways were detected. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate, hypoxanthine, 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid, 16(R)-HETE, acetylcarnitine, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA 20:5, LPA 20:4) were candidate biomarkers with higher predictive value. Hypoxanthine and xanthine metabolic pathways were associated with changes in VNAs in CRC patients. In summary, the effects of changes of VNAs in the plasma of CRC patients (especially NDMA and NPYR) on the progression of CRC should attract attention. Abnormalities of adenine and guanine and downstream hypoxanthine-xanthine metabolic pathways were closely related to changes of VNAs and metabolomics in CRC patients.
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15
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The Application of Metabolomics in Recent Colorectal Cancer Studies: A State-of-the-Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030725. [PMID: 35158992 PMCID: PMC8833341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sensitivity, suggesting the need for alternative techniques for biomarker detection. Metabolomics represents one such technique with great promise in identifying CRC biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, but thus far is rarely employed in a clinical setting. In order to provide a framework for future clinical usage, we characterized dysregulated metabolites across recent literature, identifying metabolites dysregulated across a variety of biospecimens. We additionally put special focus on the interplay of the gut microbiome and perturbed metabolites in CRC. We were able to identify many metabolites showing consistent dysregulation in CRC, demonstrating the value of metabolomics as a promising diagnostic technique. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent disease with poor prognostic outcomes if not diagnosed in early stages. Current diagnosis techniques are either highly invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity is desirable. Metabolomics represents an analytical profiling technique with great promise in identifying such biomarkers and typically represents a close tie with the phenotype of a specific disease. We thus conducted a systematic review of studies reported from January 2012 to July 2021 relating to the detection of CRC biomarkers through metabolomics to provide a collection of knowledge for future diagnostic development. We identified thirty-seven metabolomics studies characterizing CRC, many of which provided metabolites/metabolic profile-based diagnostic models with high sensitivity and specificity. These studies demonstrated that a great number of metabolites can be differentially regulated in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, adenomatous polyps, or across stages of CRC. Among these metabolite biomarkers, especially dysregulated were certain amino acids, fatty acids, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Additionally, we discussed the contribution of the gut bacterial population to pathogenesis of CRC through their modulation to fecal metabolite pools and summarized the established links in the literature between certain microbial genera and altered metabolite levels in CRC patients. Taken together, we conclude that metabolomics presents itself as a promising and effective method of CRC biomarker detection.
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Lin K, Zhang J, Lin Y, Pei Z, Wang S. Metabolic Characteristics and M2 Macrophage Infiltrates in Invasive Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901884. [PMID: 35898456 PMCID: PMC9309300 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic differences between invasive and non-invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), determine the expression of an M2 macrophage marker in NFPAs, and analyze the effects of metabolic changes in invasive NFPAs on M2 macrophage infiltrates. METHODS Tissue samples of NFPAs from patients who underwent transsphenoidal or craniotomy surgery from January 2021 to August 2021 were collected. NFPA tissues were analyzed based on a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry non-targeted metabolomics platform, and immunohistochemical staining for M2 macrophage marker CD206 was performed. RESULTS We evaluated 15 invasive and 21 non-invasive NFPAs. A total of 22 metabolites were identified through non-targeted metabolomics analysis. Among them, the expression of 1-octadecanol, inosine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, creatinine, desmosterol, taurine, hypotaurine, lactic acid, and succinic acid was upregulated in invasive NFPAs, while that of 1-oleoylglycerol, arachidonic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, glyceric acid, hypoxanthine, linoleic acid, lysine, oleic acid, uracil, valine, and xanthine was downregulated. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the number of CD206-positive cells was higher in invasive NFPAs than in non-invasive NFPAs. CONCLUSION Invasive and non-invasive NFPAs showed distinct metabolite profiles. The levels of succinic acid and lactic acid were higher in invasive NFPAs, and the high expression of the M2 macrophage marker was verified in invasive NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhe Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Urology, 910th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Lin
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Pei
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shousen Wang,
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Ghosh UK, Al Abir F, Rifaat N, Shovan S, Sayeed A, Hasan MAM. Most dominant metabolomic biomarkers identification for lung cancer. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Metabolomic Profiling Identified Serum Metabolite Biomarkers and Related Metabolic Pathways of Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6858809. [PMID: 34917201 PMCID: PMC8670981 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6858809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The screening and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) still remain a challenge due to the lack of reliable and effective serum biomarkers. Thus, this study is aimed at identifying serum biomarkers of CRC that could be used to distinguish CRC from healthy controls. Methods A prospective 1 : 2 individual matching case-control study was performed which included 50 healthy control subjects and 98 CRC patients. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was conducted with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify CRC-related metabolites and metabolic pathways. Results In total, 178 metabolites were detected, and an orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was useful to distinguish CRC patients from healthy controls. Nine metabolites showed significantly differential serum levels in CRC patients under the conditions of variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1, p < 0.05 using Student's t-test, and fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤0.5. The above nine metabolites were 3-hydroxybutyric acid, hexadecanedioic acid, succinic acid semialdehyde, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, prostaglandin B2, 2-pyrocatechuic acid, xanthoxylin, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, and formylanthranilic acid. Four potential biomarkers were identified to diagnose CRC through ROC curves: hexadecanedioic acid, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2-pyrocatechuic acid, and formylanthranilic acid. All AUC values of these four serum biomarkers were above 0.70. In addition, the exploratory analysis of metabolic pathways revealed the activated states for the vitamin B metabolic pathway and the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways associated with CRC. Conclusion The 4 identified potential metabolic biomarkers could discriminate CRC patients from healthy controls, and the 2 metabolic pathways may be activated in the CRC tissues.
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Zhao F, An R, Wang L, Shan J, Wang X. Specific Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Changes in Lung Cancer Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:725284. [PMID: 34527604 PMCID: PMC8435782 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.725284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most aggressive, prevalent and fatal malignancies. Gut microbes and their associated metabolites are thought to cause and modulate LC development, albeit influenced by the host genetic make-up and environment. Herein, we identified and classified gut microbiota and serum metabolites associated with LC. Methods Stool samples were collected from 41 LC patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Serum samples were collected from the same LC patients (n=30) and healthy volunteers (n=30) and serum metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Microbiome and metabolome data were analyzed separately and integrated for combined analysis using various bioinformatics methods. Results Serum metabolomics uncovered 870 metabolites regulated in 76 metabolic pathways in both groups. Microbial diversity analyses identified 15967 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in groups. Of these, the abundance of 232 OTUs was significantly different between HC and LC groups. Also, serum levels of glycerophospholipids (LysoPE 18:3, LysoPC 14:0, LysoPC 18:3), Imidazopyrimidines (Hypoxanthine), AcylGlcADG 66:18; AcylGlcADG (22:6/22:6/22:6) and Acylcarnitine 11:0 were substantially different between HC and LC groups. Combined analysis correlated LC-associated microbes with metabolites, such as Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_003, Clostridium and Synergistes with glycerophospholipids. Conclusions There is an intricate relationship between gut microbiome and levels of several metabolites such as glycerophospholipids and imidazopyrimidines. Microbial-associated metabolites are potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jikang Shan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Moisoiu V, Iancu SD, Stefancu A, Moisoiu T, Pardini B, Dragomir MP, Crisan N, Avram L, Crisan D, Andras I, Fodor D, Leopold LF, Socaciu C, Bálint Z, Tomuleasa C, Elec F, Leopold N. SERS liquid biopsy: An emerging tool for medical diagnosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112064. [PMID: 34517219 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is emerging as a novel strategy for biofluid analysis. In this review, we delineate four experimental SERS protocols that are frequently used for the profiling of biofluids: 1) liquid SERS for the detection of purine metabolites; 2) iodide-modified liquid SERS for the detection of proteins; 3) dried SERS for the detection of both purine metabolites and proteins; 4) resonant Raman for the detection of carotenoids. To explain the selectivity of each experimental SERS protocol, we introduce a heuristic model for the chemisorption of analytes mediated by adsorbed ions (adions) onto the SERS substrate. Next, we show that the promising results of SERS liquid biopsy stem from the fact that the concentration levels of purine metabolites, proteins and carotenoids are informative of the cellular turnover rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, respectively. These processes are perturbed in virtually every disease, from cancer to autoimmune maladies. Finally, we review recent SERS liquid biopsy studies and discuss future steps that are required for translating SERS in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Moisoiu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Moisoiu
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplant, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy; Italian Institute of Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucretia Avram
- Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Crisan
- Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 5th Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Andras
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Clinical Municipal Hospital, 400139, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Fodor
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Loredana F Leopold
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; BIODIATECH Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology, SC Proplanta, 400478, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400124, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, 400124, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Elec
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplant, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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21
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Ge Z, Feng P, Zhang Z, Li J, Yu Q. Identification of Novel Serum Metabolic Biomarkers as Indicators in the Progression of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695540. [PMID: 34307370 PMCID: PMC8297591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare estrogen-dependent neoplasm. However, identifiable and reliable biomarkers are still not available for clinical application, especially for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Methods In the present study, 30 patients with IVL and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Serum samples were isolated from these participants for further high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis to study metabolomics alterations and identify differentially expressed metabolites based on orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Subsequently, lasso regression analysis and a generalized linear regression model were applied to screen out hub metabolites associated with the progression of IVL. Results First, 16 metabolites in the positive ion mode were determined from the 240 identifiable metabolites at the superclass level, with ten metabolites upregulated in the IVL group and the remaining six metabolites downregulated. Our data further proved that four metabolites [hypoxanthine, acetylcarnitine, glycerophosphocholine, and hydrocortisone (cortisol)] were closely related to the oncogenesis of IVL. Hypoxanthine and glycerophosphocholine might function as protective factors in the development of IVL (OR = 0.19 or 0.02, respectively). Nevertheless, acetylcarnitine and hydrocortisone (cortisol), especially the former, might serve as risk indicators for the disease to promote the development or recurrence of IVL (OR = 18.16 or 2.10, respectively). The predictive accuracy of these hub metabolites was further validated by the multi-class receiver operator characteristic curve analysis (ROC) with the Scikit-learn algorithms. Conclusion Four hub metabolites were finally determined via comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and these substances could potentially serve as novel biomarkers in predicting the prognosis or progression of IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Ge
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Pfohl U, Pflaume A, Regenbrecht M, Finkler S, Graf Adelmann Q, Reinhard C, Regenbrecht CRA, Wedeken L. Precision Oncology Beyond Genomics: The Future Is Here-It Is Just Not Evenly Distributed. Cells 2021; 10:928. [PMID: 33920536 PMCID: PMC8072767 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with increasing incidence. There are more than 100 different cancer types, defined by location, cell of origin, and genomic alterations that influence oncogenesis and therapeutic response. This heterogeneity between tumors of different patients and also the heterogeneity within the same patient's tumor pose an enormous challenge to cancer treatment. In this review, we explore tumor heterogeneity on the longitudinal and the latitudinal axis, reviewing current and future approaches to study this heterogeneity and their potential to support oncologists in tailoring a patient's treatment regimen. We highlight how the ideal of precision oncology is reaching far beyond the knowledge of genetic variants to inform clinical practice and discuss the technologies and strategies already available to improve our understanding and management of heterogeneity in cancer treatment. We will focus on integrating multi-omics technologies with suitable in vitro models and their proficiency in mimicking endogenous tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Pfohl
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alina Pflaume
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Manuela Regenbrecht
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sabine Finkler
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Quirin Graf Adelmann
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reinhard
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (U.P.); (A.P.); (C.R.); (Q.G.A.); (C.R.A.R.)
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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Echeverría C, Nualart F, Ferrada L, Smith GJ, Godoy AS. Hexose Transporters in Cancer: From Multifunctionality to Diagnosis and Therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:198-211. [PMID: 33518451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells increase their metabolic activity by enhancing glucose uptake through overexpression of hexose transporters (Gluts). Gluts also have the capacity to transport other molecules besides glucose, including fructose, mannose, and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of vitamin C. The majority of research studies in this field have focused on the role of glucose transport and metabolism in cancer, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge of the contribution of other hexoses and DHA in cancer biology. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in understanding the role that the multifunctional transport capacity of Gluts plays in biological and clinical aspects of cancer, and how these characteristics can be exploited in the search for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Echeverría
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Aftabi Y, Soleymani J, Jouyban A. Efficacy of Analytical Technologies in Metabolomics Studies of the Gastrointestinal Cancers. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1593-1605. [PMID: 33757389 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1901646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
According to the reports of the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, cancer is the second leading cause of human death worldwide. However, early-stage detection of cancers can efficiently enhance the chance of therapy and saving lives. Metabolomics strategies apply a variety of approaches to discover new potential diagnoses, prognoses, and/or therapeutic biomarkers of various diseases. Metabolomics aims to identify and measure different low-molecular-weight biomolecules in physiological environments. In these studies, special metabolites are extracted from biological samples and identified using analytical techniques. Afterward, using data processing programs discovering significantly associated biomarkers is pursued. In the present review, we aimed to discuss recently reported analytical approaches on the metabolomics studies of gastrointestinal cancers including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. The gas- and liquid-chromatography with different detectors have been shown that are the main analytical techniques and for metabolites quantification, nuclear magnetic resonance has been utilized as a master method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kawanishi K, Saha S, Diaz S, Vaill M, Sasmal A, Siddiqui SS, Choudhury B, Sharma K, Chen X, Schoenhofen IC, Sato C, Kitajima K, Freeze HH, Münster-Kühnel A, Varki A. Evolutionary conservation of human ketodeoxynonulosonic acid production is independent of sialoglycan biosynthesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137681. [PMID: 33373330 DOI: 10.1172/jci137681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metabolic incorporation of nonhuman sialic acid (Sia) N-glycolylneuraminic acid into endogenous glycans generates inflammation via preexisting antibodies, which likely contributes to red meat-induced atherosclerosis acceleration. Exploring whether this mechanism affects atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we instead found serum accumulation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (Kdn), a Sia prominently expressed in cold-blooded vertebrates. In patients with ESRD, levels of the Kdn precursor mannose also increased, but within a normal range. Mannose ingestion by healthy volunteers raised the levels of urinary mannose and Kdn. Kdn production pathways remained conserved in mammals but were diminished by an M42T substitution in a key biosynthetic enzyme, N-acetylneuraminate synthase. Remarkably, reversion to the ancestral methionine then occurred independently in 2 lineages, including humans. However, mammalian glycan databases contain no Kdn-glycans. We hypothesize that the potential toxicity of excess mannose in mammals is partly buffered by conversion to free Kdn. Thus, mammals probably conserve Kdn biosynthesis and modulate it in a lineage-specific manner, not for glycosylation, but to control physiological mannose intermediates and metabolites. However, human cells can be forced to express Kdn-glycans via genetic mutations enhancing Kdn utilization, or by transfection with fish enzymes producing cytidine monophosphate-Kdn (CMP-Kdn). Antibodies against Kdn-glycans occur in pooled human immunoglobulins. Pathological conditions that elevate Kdn levels could therefore result in antibody-mediated inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sudeshna Saha
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Michael Vaill
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Shoib S Siddiqui
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and
| | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis (UCD), Davis, California, USA
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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26
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Feng LR, Barb JJ, Regan J, Saligan LN. Plasma metabolomic profile associated with fatigue in cancer patients. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1623-1633. [PMID: 33534943 PMCID: PMC7940245 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is the newest -omics methodology and allows for a functional snapshot of the biochemical activity and cellular state. The goal of this study is to characterize metabolomic profiles associated with cancer-related fatigue, a debilitating symptom commonly reported by oncology patients. METHODS Untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolites in plasma samples collected from a total of 197 participants with or without cancer. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify discriminant metabolite features, and diagnostic performance of selected classifiers was quantified using area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway database. FINDINGS The global metabolomics approach yielded a total of 1120 compounds of known identity. Significant metabolic pathways unique to fatigued cancer versus control groups included sphingolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Significant pathways unique to non-fatigued cancer versus control groups included inositol phosphate metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Pathways shared between the two comparisons included caffeine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We found significant metabolomic profile differences associated with cancer-related fatigue. By comparing metabolic signatures unique to fatigued cancer patients with metabolites associated with, but not unique to, fatigued cancer individuals (overlap pathways) and metabolites associated with cancer but not fatigue, we provided a broad view of the metabolic phenotype of cancer-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Jeniece Regan
- The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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27
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Gumpenberger T, Brezina S, Keski-Rahkonen P, Baierl A, Robinot N, Leeb G, Habermann N, Kok DEG, Scalbert A, Ueland PM, Ulrich CM, Gsur A. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Major Differences in the Plasma Metabolome between Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Adenomas. Metabolites 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 33669644 PMCID: PMC7922413 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer is characterized by a multistep progression from normal epithelium to precancerous low-risk and high-risk adenomas to invasive cancer. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis are not completely understood. Within the "Metabolomic profiles throughout the continuum of colorectal cancer" (MetaboCCC) consortium we analyzed data generated by untargeted, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using plasma from 88 colorectal cancer patients, 200 patients with high-risk adenomas and 200 patients with low-risk adenomas recruited within the "Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria" (CORSA). Univariate logistic regression models comparing colorectal cancer to adenomas resulted in 442 statistically significant molecular features. Metabolites discriminating colorectal cancer patients from those with adenomas in our dataset included acylcarnitines, caffeine, amino acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, bilirubin, bile acids and bacterial metabolites of tryptophan. The data obtained discovers metabolite profiles reflecting metabolic differences between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas and delineates a potentially underlying biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Gernot Leeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberpullendorf, 7350 Oberpullendorf, Austria;
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
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28
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Ren Z, Rajani C, Jia W. The Distinctive Serum Metabolomes of Gastric, Esophageal and Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040720. [PMID: 33578739 PMCID: PMC7916516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer of the stomach, esophagus and colon are often fatal. Ways are being sought to establish patient-friendly screening tests that would allow these cancers to be detected earlier. Examination of the metabolomics results of cancer patient’s serum for certain metabolites unique for a particular cancer was the goal of this review. From studies conducted within the past five years several metabolites were found to be changed in cancer compared to non-cancer patients for each of the three cancers. Further confirmation of what was discovered in this review coupled with establishment of standard protocols may allow for cancer screening on patient blood samples to become routine clinical tests. Abstract Three of the most lethal cancers in the world are the gastrointestinal cancers—gastric (GC), esophageal (EC) and colorectal cancer (CRC)—which are ranked as third, sixth and fourth in cancer deaths globally. Early detection of these cancers is difficult, and a quest is currently on to find non-invasive screening tests to detect these cancers. The reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, notably, an increased dependence on aerobic glycolysis which is often referred to as the Warburg effect. This metabolic change results in a unique metabolic profile that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells. Serum metabolomics analyses allow one to measure the end products of both host and microbiota metabolism present at the time of sample collection. It is a non-invasive procedure requiring only blood collection which encourages greater patient compliance to have more frequent screenings for cancer. In the following review we will examine some of the most current serum metabolomics studies in order to compare their results and test a hypothesis that different tumors, notably, from EC, GC and CRC, have distinguishing serum metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Ren
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Correspondence: (C.R.); or (W.J.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China;
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (C.R.); or (W.J.)
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Orts-Arroyo M, Castro I, Martínez-Lillo J. Detection of Hypoxanthine from Inosine and Unusual Hydrolysis of Immunosuppressive Drug Azathioprine through the Formation of a Diruthenium(III) System. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:19. [PMID: 33440852 PMCID: PMC7827764 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxanthine (hpx) is an important molecule for both biochemistry research and biomedical applications. It is involved in several biological processes associated to energy and purine metabolism and has been proposed as a biomarker for a variety of disease states. Consequently, the discovery and development of systems suitable for the detection of hypoxanthine is pretty appealing in this research field. Thus, we have obtained a stable diruthenium (III) compound in its dehydrated and hydrated forms with formula [{Ru(µ-Cl)(µ-hpx)}2Cl4] (1a) and [{Ru(µ-Cl)(µ-hpx)}2Cl4]·2H2O (1b), respectively. This purine-based diruthenium(III) system was prepared from two very different starting materials, namely, inosine and azathioprine, the latter being an immunosuppressive drug. Remarkably, it was observed that an unusual azathioprine hydrolysis occurs in the presence of ruthenium, thus generating hypoxanthine instead of the expected 6-mercaptopurine antimetabolite, so that the hpx molecule is linked to two ruthenium(III) ions. 1a and 1b were characterized through IR, SEM, powder and single-crystal X-ray Diffraction and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical studies allowed us to detect the hpx molecule when coordinated to ruthenium in the reported compound. The grade of sensitivity, repeatability and stability reached by this diruthenium system make it potentially useful and could provide a first step to develop new sensor devices suitable to detect hypoxanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Martínez-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980 València, Spain; (M.O.-A.); (I.C.)
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30
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Yuan F, Kim S, Yin X, Zhang X, Kato I. Integrating Two-Dimensional Gas and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Untargeted Colorectal Cancer Metabolomics: A Proof-of-Principle Study. Metabolites 2020; 10:E343. [PMID: 32854360 PMCID: PMC7569982 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is expected to lead to a better mechanistic understanding of diseases and thus applications of precision medicine and personalized intervention. To further increase metabolite coverage and achieve high accuracy of metabolite quantification, the present proof-of-principle study was to explore the applicability of integration of two-dimensional gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS and 2DLC-MS) platforms to characterizing circulating polar metabolome extracted from plasma collected from 29 individuals with colorectal cancer in comparison with 29 who remained cancer-free. After adjustment of multiple comparisons, 20 metabolites were found to be up-regulated and 8 metabolites were found to be down-regulated, which pointed to the dysregulation in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. While integrating the GC × GC-MS and 2DLC-MS data can dramatically increase the metabolite coverage, this study had a limitation in analyzing the non-polar metabolites. Given the small sample size, these results need to be validated with a larger sample size and with samples collected prior to diagnostic and treatment. Nevertheless, this proof-of-principle study demonstrates the potential applicability of integration of these advanced analytical platforms to improve discrimination between colorectal cancer cases and controls based on metabolite profiles in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (F.Y.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (F.Y.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (F.Y.); (X.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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31
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Nalbantoglu S, Abu-Asab M, Suy S, Collins S, Amri H. Metabolomics-Based Biosignatures of Prostate Cancer in Patients Following Radiotherapy. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 23:214-223. [PMID: 31009330 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics offers new promise for research on prostate cancer (PCa) and its personalized treatment. Metabolomic profiling of radiation-treated PCa patients is particularly important to reveal their new metabolomic status, and evaluate the radiation effects. In addition, bioinformatics-integrated metabolomics-based approaches for disease profiling and assessment of therapy could help develop precision biomarkers in a context of PCa. We report mass spectrometry-based untargeted (global) serum metabolomics findings from patients with PCa (n = 55) before and after treatment with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with SBRT, and using parsimony phylogenetic analysis. Importantly, the radiation-treated serum metabolome of patients represented a unique robust cluster on a cladogram that was distinct from the pre-RT metabolome. The altered radiation responsive serum metabolome was defined by predominant aberrations in the metabolic pathways of nitrogen, pyrimidine, purine, porphyrin, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and glycerophospholipid. Our findings collectively suggest that global metabolomics integrated with parsimony phylogenetics offer a unique and robust systems biology analytical platform for powerful unbiased determination of radiotherapy (RT)-associated biosignatures in patients with PCa. These new observations call for future translational research for evaluation of metabolomic biomarkers in PCa prognosis specifically, and response to radiation treatment broadly. Radiation metabolomics is an emerging specialty of systems sciences and clinical medicine that warrants further research and educational initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Nalbantoglu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia.,2 TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Institute of Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- 3 Section of Ultrastructural Biology, NEI/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simeng Suy
- 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sean Collins
- 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Hakima Amri
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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32
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Song Z, Liu S, Li W, Wang D, Suo J. Profiling of serum metabolites in advanced colon cancer using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4002-4010. [PMID: 32391103 PMCID: PMC7204625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis remains a key factor that affects the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate serum metabolites as biomarkers for the detection of tumor lymph node metastasis and the prediction of patient survival. The present study analyzed the metabolites in the serum of patients with advanced colon cancer both with and without lymph node metastasis. Blood samples from 104 patients with stage T3 colon cancer were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolites were structurally confirmed with data from the Human Metabolome Database. The association between the serum metabolites and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival time of patients from the present study was analyzed. Overall, 227 different metabolites were identified in the serum of patients with stage T3 colon cancer with or without lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, 17 of these metabolites may potentially distinguish those patients with lymph node metastasis from those patients without. In addition, five factors, including abscisic acid, calcitroic acid and glucosylsphingosine presence in the serum, age and sex, were identified as independent predictors for lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Furthermore, three factors, including abscisic acid, calcitroic acid and glucosylsphingosine presence in the serum were independent predictors for patient survival (P<0.05). In conclusion, the serum levels of abscisic acid, calcitroic-acid and glucosylsphingosine may be considered as potential biomarkers to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastasis and the survival time of patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yechao Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zheyu Song
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Suoning Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Daguang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Suo
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Amir Hashim NA, Ab-Rahim S, Wan Ngah WZ, Nathan S, Ab Mutalib NS, Sagap I, A Jamal AR, Mazlan M. Global metabolomics profiling of colorectal cancer in Malaysian patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 11:33-43. [PMID: 33469506 PMCID: PMC7803921 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The serum metabolomics approach has been used to identify metabolite biomarkers that can diagnose colorectal cancer (CRC) accurately and specifically. However, the biomarkers identified differ between studies suggesting that more studies need to be performed to understand the influence of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, this study aimed to identify biomarkers and affected metabolic pathways in Malaysian CRC patients. Methods: Serum from 50 healthy controls and 50 CRC patients were collected at UKM Medical Centre. The samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and untargeted metabolomics profile determined using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS, Agilent USA). The data were analysed using Mass Profiler Professional (Agilent, USA) software. The panel of biomarkers determined were then used to identify CRC from a new set of 20 matched samples. Results: Eleven differential metabolites were identified whose levels were significantly different between CRC patients compared to normal controls. Based on the analysis of the area under the curve, 7 of these metabolites showed high sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers. The use of the 11 metabolites on a new set of samples was able to differentiate CRC from normal samples with 80% accuracy. These metabolites were hypoxanthine, acetylcarnitine, xanthine, uric acid, tyrosine, methionine, lysoPC, lysoPE, citric acid, 5-oxoproline, and pipercolic acid. The data also showed that the most perturbed pathways in CRC were purine, catecholamine, and amino acid metabolisms. Conclusion: Serum metabolomics profiling can be used to identify distinguishing biomarkers for CRC as well as to further our knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Medical and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Batu 9 Cheras, Wilayah Persekututan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Sagap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Rahman A Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hong Y, Li Y, Huang L, He W, Wang S, Wang C, Zhou G, Chen Y, Zhou X, Huang Y, Huang W, Gong T, Zhou Z. Label-free diagnosis for colorectal cancer through coffee ring-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on blood serum. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960176. [PMID: 31909563 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is garnering considerable attention for the swift diagnosis of pathogens and abnormal biological status, that is, cancers. In this work, a simple, fast and inexpensive optical sensing platform is developed by the design of SERS sampling and data analysis. The pretreatment of spectral measurement employed gold nanoparticle colloid mixing with the serum from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The droplet of particle-serum mixture formed coffee-ring-like region at the rim, providing strong and stable SERS profiles. The obtained spectra from cancer patients and healthy volunteers were analyzed by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised machine learning model, such as support-vector machine (SVM), respectively. The results demonstrate that the SVM model provides the superior performance in the classification of CRC diagnosis compared with PCA. In addition, the values of carcinoembryonic antigen from the blood samples were compiled with the corresponding SERS spectra for SVM calculation, yielding improved prediction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouxu Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyun Zhou
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanming Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Kowalczyk T, Ciborowski M, Kisluk J, Kretowski A, Barbas C. Mass spectrometry based proteomics and metabolomics in personalized oncology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165690. [PMID: 31962175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine (PM) means the customization of healthcare with decisions and practices adjusted to the individual patient. It includes personalized diagnostics, patients' sub-classification, individual treatment selection and the monitoring of its effectiveness. Currently, in oncology, PM is based on the molecular and cellular features of a tumor, its microenvironment and the patient's genetics and lifestyle. Surprisingly, the available targeted therapies were found effective only in a subset of patients. An in-depth understanding of tumor biology is crucial to improve their effectiveness and develop new therapeutic targets. Completion of genetic information with proteomics and metabolomics can give broader knowledge about tumor biology which consequently provides novel biomarkers and indicates new therapeutic targets. Recently, metabolomics and proteomics have extensively been applied in the field of oncology. In the context of PM, human studies, with the use of mass spectrometry (MS) which allows the detection of thousands of molecules in a large number of samples, are the most valuable. Such studies, focused on cancer biomarkers discovery or patients' stratification, are presented in this review. Moreover, the technical aspects of MS-based clinical proteomics and metabolomics are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Yu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Guo J, Liu X, Liu L. Metabolomics studies in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:9-25. [PMID: 31786962 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1700112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This systemic review provides an overview of metabolic perturbations and possible mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer. The authors discuss emerging challenges of technical and clinical applications.Areas covered: In this systemic review, the authors summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to GI cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipids, and nucleotide metabolism and other metabolisms. Furthermore, future efforts need to adhere to normalize analysis procedures, validate with the larger cohort and utilize multiple-omics technologies. The search was conducted in PubMed with the following search terms (biomarker, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer) from 2013 to 2019.Expert opinion: This systemic review summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to gastrointestinal cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways. The authors believe that metabolomics will benefit deeper understandings of the pathogenic mechanism, discovery of biomarkers and aid the search for drug targets as we move toward the era of personalized medicine. Personalized medication for tumors can improve the curative effect, avoid side effects and medical resource waste. As a promisingtool, metabolomics that targets the entire cancer-specific metabolite network should be applied more widely in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Wang FX, Chen K, Huang FQ, Alolga RN, Ma J, Wu ZX, Fan Y, Ma G, Guan M. Cerebrospinal fluid-based metabolomics to characterize different types of brain tumors. J Neurol 2019; 267:984-993. [PMID: 31822990 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumors cause significant morbidity and mortality due to rapid progression and high recurrence risks. Reliable biomarkers to improve diagnosis thereof are desirable. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to identify panels of biomarkers for diagnostic purposes using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based metabolomics. METHODS A cohort of 163 histologically-proven patients with brain disorders was involved. Comprehensive CSF-based metabolomics was achieved by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight spectrometric (LC-Q/TOF-MS) and multivariate statistical analyses. The diagnostic performance of the metabolic markers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS A total of 508 ion features were detected by the LC-Q/TOF-MS analysis, of which 27 metabolites were selected as diagnostic markers to discriminate different brain tumor types. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.91 for lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (MBT) vs. lung adenocarcinoma patients without brain metastases (NMBT), 0.83 for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) vs. secondary central nervous system involvement of systemic lymphoma (SCNSL), 0.77 for PCNSL vs. MBT, 0.87 for SCNSL vs. MBT, 0.86 for MBT vs. nontumorous brain diseases (NT), and 0.80 for PCNSL vs. NT. Perturbed metabolic pathways between the comparisons related mainly to amino acids and citrate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS CSF-based metabolomics to a large extent reliably identifies significant metabolic differences between different brain tumors and shows great potential for diagnosis of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiang Wang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, North Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Qing Huang
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Hematology, North Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wu
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanming Fan
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ma
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Avenue, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China.
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Barberini L, Restivo A, Noto A, Deidda S, Fattuoni C, Fanos V, Saba L, Zorcolo L, Mussap M. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic approach in human colorectal cancer (CRC): the emerging role of monosaccharides and amino acids. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:727. [PMID: 32042743 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been confirmed to be the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. We investigated the blood plasma metabolome in CRC patients and in healthy adults to elucidate the role of monosaccharides, amino acids, and their respective metabolic pathways as prognostic factors in patients with CRC. Methods Fifteen patients with CRC and nine healthy adults were enrolled in the study and their blood plasma samples analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Univariate Student's t-test, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were conducted on MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The analysis of metabolic profiles was carried out by the web-based extension Metabolite Sets Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). Results Overall, 125 metabolites were identified in plasma samples by GC-MS. In CRC patient samples, nine metabolites, including D-mannose and fructose, were significantly more abundant than in controls; conversely, eleven amino derivatives were less abundant, including methionine, valine, lysine, and proline. Methionine was significantly less abundant in died patients compared with survivors. The most significantly altered metabolic pathways in CRC patients are those involving monosaccharides (primarily the catabolic pathway of fructose and D-mannose), and amino acids (primarily methionine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine). Conclusions The abundance of D-mannose in CRC patient samples contributes to inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, while the abundance of fructose may be consistent either with low consumption of fructose by aerobic glycolysis within cancer cells or with a high bioavailability of fructose from diet. The reduction in methionine concentration may be related to increased activity of the threonine and methionine catabolic pathways, confirmed by high levels of α-hydroxybutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barberini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Deidda
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Fattuoni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Geijsen AJ, Brezina S, Keski‐Rahkonen P, Baierl A, Bachleitner‐Hofmann T, Bergmann MM, Boehm J, Brenner H, Chang‐Claude J, van Duijnhoven FJ, Gigic B, Gumpenberger T, Hofer P, Hoffmeister M, Holowatyj AN, Karner‐Hanusch J, Kok DE, Leeb G, Ulvik A, Robinot N, Ose J, Stift A, Schrotz‐King P, Ulrich AB, Ueland PM, Kampman E, Scalbert A, Habermann N, Gsur A, Ulrich CM. Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer: A discovery-replication strategy. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1221-1231. [PMID: 30665271 PMCID: PMC6614008 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is known to arise from multiple tumorigenic pathways; however, the underlying mechanisms remain not completely understood. Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly popular tool in assessing biological processes. Previous metabolomics research focusing on colorectal cancer is limited by sample size and did not replicate findings in independent study populations to verify robustness of reported findings. Here, we performed a ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) screening on EDTA plasma from 268 colorectal cancer patients and 353 controls using independent discovery and replication sets from two European cohorts (ColoCare Study: n = 180 patients/n = 153 controls; the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA) n = 88 patients/n = 200 controls), aiming to identify circulating plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer and to improve knowledge regarding colorectal cancer etiology. Multiple logistic regression models were used to test the association between disease state and metabolic features. Statistically significant associated features in the discovery set were taken forward and tested in the replication set to assure robustness of our findings. All models were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and smoking status and corrected for multiple testing using False Discovery Rate. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from questionnaires and medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J.M.R. Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations ResearchUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Dieuwertje E. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Anton Stift
- Department of SurgeryMedical University ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Schrotz‐King
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexis B. Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Genome BiologyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
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Yu C, Chen F, Jiang J, Zhang H, Zhou M. Screening key genes and signaling pathways in colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1259-1269. [PMID: 31173250 PMCID: PMC6625394 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential key genes associated with the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC and normal samples were screened by integrated analysis of gene expression profile datasets, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to identify the biological role of DEGs. In addition, a protein‑protein interaction network and survival analysis were used to identify the key genes. The profiles of GSE9348, GSE22598 and GSE113513 were downloaded from the GEO database. A total of 405 common DEGs were identified, including 236 down‑ and 169 upregulated. GO analysis revealed that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in 'detoxification of copper ion' [biological process, (BP)], 'oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH‑OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor' [molecular function, (MF)] and 'brush border' [cellular component, (CC)]. Upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in 'nuclear division' (BP), 'snoRNA binding' (MF) and 'nucleolar part' (CC). KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in 'mineral absorption', 'nitrogen metabolism', 'cell cycle' and 'caffeine metabolism'. A PPI network was constructed with 268 nodes and 1,027 edges. The top one module was selected, and it was revealed that module‑related genes were mainly enriched in the GO terms 'sister chromatid segregation' (BP), 'chemokine activity' (MF), and 'condensed chromosome (CC)'. The KEGG pathway was mainly enriched in 'cell cycle', 'progesterone‑mediated oocyte maturation', 'chemokine signaling pathway', 'IL‑17 signaling pathway', 'legionellosis', and 'rheumatoid arthritis'. DNA topoisomerase II‑α (TOP2A), mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 1 (MAD2L1), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1), cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) were indicated as hub genes. Furthermore, survival analysis revealed that TOP2A, MAD2L1, CDC6 and CHEK1 may serve as prognostic biomarkers in CRC. The present study provided insights into the molecular mechanism of CRC that may be useful in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Klein CF, Holle SLK, Andersen MH, Pedersen A, Bundgaard H, Iversen KK, Malmendal A. In-hospital metabolite changes in infective endocarditis-a longitudinal 1H NMR-based study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1553-1560. [PMID: 31119577 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) is a 4-6-week provided course of intravenously administered antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate how serum metabolites as measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy are changing over time during the active phase of IE, and to see whether these metabolite changes might be used to monitor recovery in these patients. Patients hospitalized with first-time IE at Herlev Hospital, Denmark, from September 2015 to June 2017 were included. Longitudinal blood sampling was performed and serum was analyzed using 1H NMR. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to separate sample groups and analyze differences in metabolite profiles. Thirteen patients were included in the study (77% men, median age 62 years (IQR 53-77)). All patients were cured during the hospitalization without any relapse during 6 months of follow-up. We analyzed 61 serum samples (median 5 samples, range 2-8 per person) drawn in the treatment period after IE diagnosis. The main changes during the in-hospital period were decreased levels of glucose, mannose, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and signals from polyols and N-acetylated protein. The metabolomic changes could in contrast to the routinely used parameters CRP and leucocyte levels distinguish between the early and late stages of disease treatment. We present the first longitudinal study of 1H NMR metabolomics in patients with infective endocarditis. The metabolomic changes show a promising strength compared to routinely used clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Falk Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | - Malene Højgaard Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Pedersen
- The Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Hasselbladlaboratoriet, Medicinaregatan 5C, 41390, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Health Science Partners, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen Health Science Partners, 2200, København, Denmark
| | - Anders Malmendal
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
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Hashim NAA, Ab-Rahim S, Suddin LS, Saman MSA, Mazlan M. Global serum metabolomics profiling of colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:3-14. [PMID: 31289671 PMCID: PMC6535638 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on the use of invasive tools such as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Non-invasive tools are less sensitive in detecting the disease, particularly in the early stage. A number of researchers have used metabolomics analyses on serum/plasma samples of patients with CRC compared with normal healthy individuals in an effort to identify biomarkers for CRC. The aim of the present review is to compare reported serum metabolomics profiles of CRC and to identify common metabolites affected among these studies. A literature search was performed to include any experimental studies on global metabolomics profile of CRC using serum/plasma samples published up to March 2018. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies reviewed. In total, nine studies were included. The studies used various analytical platforms and were performed on different populations. A pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the data from all the studies under review. The most affected pathways identified were protein biosynthesis, urea cycle, ammonia recycling, alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and citric acid cycle. The metabolomics analysis revealed levels of metabolites of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaerobic respiration, protein, lipid and glutathione metabolism were significantly different between cancer and control samples. Although the majority of differentiating metabolites identified were different in the different studies, there were several metabolites that were common. These metabolites include pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, creatinine and ornithine. The consistent dysregulation of these metabolites among the different studies suggest the possibility of common diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Leny Suzana Suddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahril Ahmad Saman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
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Wei SC, Tsao PN, Wang YT, Lin BR, Wu DC, Tsai WS, Chen JS, Wong JM. Using serum placenta growth factor could improve the sensitivity of colorectal cancer screening in fecal occult blood negative population: A multicenter with independent cohort validation study. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3583-3591. [PMID: 31063258 PMCID: PMC6601572 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Screening for CRC using the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is feasible and useful for decreasing disease‐related mortality; however, its sensitivity and compliance are unsatisfactory. Methods This study examined the efficacy of using serum placenta growth factor (PlGF) for a novel CRC screening strategy. To investigate a potential novel screening tool for CRC, we compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the FOBT, serum PlGF, and their combination through an examination of two independent cohorts and validation using the second cohort. All the patients and control group received the colonoscopy and FOBT, the colonoscopy was used as the gold standard for the result. Results Serum PlGF levels were significantly increased in CRC patients (16.8 ± 11.4 pg/mL) compared with controls (12.0 ± 11.2 pg/mL). The predictive model that used the serum PlGF level alone was as effective as the FOBT (AUC: 0.60 vs 0.68, P = 0.891), and it had significantly higher sensitivity than the FOBT (0.81 vs 0.39). In addition, we found serum PlGF level has a good value for predicting CRC patients in those FOBT negative populations. Finally, combining serum PlGF level and the FOBT improved the predictive power and demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity (0.71) and specificity (0.71). This result was confirmed and validated in the second independent cohort. Furthermore, no matter the stages (early/advanced) and the location (distal/proximal) of CRC, the efficacy of serum PlGF and the combined model remained quite stable. Conclusion Serum PlGF level is a potential alternative screening tool for CRC, especially for those who are reluctant to stool‐based screening methods and who were tested as negative FOBT. In addition, combining serum PlGF level and the FOBT could increase the power of CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Been-Ren Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Shiun Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Martin OCB, Olier M, Ellero-Simatos S, Naud N, Dupuy J, Huc L, Taché S, Graillot V, Levêque M, Bézirard V, Héliès-Toussaint C, Estrada FBY, Tondereau V, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Peyriga L, Canlet C, Davila AM, Blachier F, Ferrier L, Boutet-Robinet E, Guéraud F, Théodorou V, Pierre FHF. Haem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:72. [PMID: 31060614 PMCID: PMC6503375 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization classified processed and red meat consumption as "carcinogenic" and "probably carcinogenic", respectively, to humans. Haem iron from meat plays a role in the promotion of colorectal cancer in rodent models, in association with enhanced luminal lipoperoxidation and subsequent formation of aldehydes. Here, we investigated the short-term effects of this haem-induced lipoperoxidation on mucosal and luminal gut homeostasis including microbiome in F344 male rats fed with a haem-enriched diet (1.5 μmol/g) 14-21 days. RESULTS Changes in permeability, inflammation, and genotoxicity observed in the mucosal colonic barrier correlated with luminal haem and lipoperoxidation markers. Trapping of luminal haem-induced aldehydes normalised cellular genotoxicity, permeability, and ROS formation on a colon epithelial cell line. Addition of calcium carbonate (2%) to the haem-enriched diet allowed the luminal haem to be trapped in vivo and counteracted these haem-induced physiological traits. Similar covariations of faecal metabolites and bacterial taxa according to haem-induced lipoperoxidation were identified. CONCLUSIONS This integrated approach provides an overview of haem-induced modulations of the main actors in the colonic barrier. All alterations were closely linked to haem-induced lipoperoxidation, which is associated with red meat-induced colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane C. B. Martin
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- ADIV, 10 Rue Jacqueline Auriol, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maïwenn Olier
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Naud
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Dupuy
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Huc
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylviane Taché
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Graillot
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Levêque
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Bézirard
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Blas Y. Estrada
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Tondereau
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cécile Canlet
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Marie Davila
- INRA, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - François Blachier
- INRA, UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Ferrier
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassilia Théodorou
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice H. F. Pierre
- INRA, ToxAlim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Wang Z, Cui B, Zhang F, Yang Y, Shen X, Li Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Deng K, Rong Z, Yang K, Yu X, Li K, Han P, Zhu ZJ. Development of a Correlative Strategy To Discover Colorectal Tumor Tissue Derived Metabolite Biomarkers in Plasma Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2018; 91:2401-2408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Xiaotao Shen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Abstract
This retrospective analysis aim to evaluate the potential risk factors for bone metastases (BM) in patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).A total of 2790 patients diagnosed with CRC between January 2006 and December 2016 were collected in this study. All patients were divided into 2 groups, BM and no BM. The associations between biomarkers (including age, gender, histopathological types, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125, and so on), and BM in patients with CRC were analyzed. All the analyses were conducted by SPSS software (version 22.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL).Of all patients, 74 (2.7%) were identified with BM. The level of serum ALP, CEA, and cancer antigen 125 in patients with BM were obviously higher than those without BM (P < .001, P = .005, and P < .001). And the cut-off values of ALP, CEA, and cancer antigen 125 were 85.5 U/L, 6.9 mmol/L, and 16.8 mmol/L, respectively.ALP, CEA, and cancer antigen 125 were identified as the independent risk factors for BM in patients with CRC.
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47
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Zhang Y, Fang L, Zang Y, Xu Z. Identification of Core Genes and Key Pathways via Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Profiles in Bladder Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3024-3033. [PMID: 29739919 PMCID: PMC5968840 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urological malignant tumor. In BC, aberrant DNA methylation is believed to be associated with carcinogenesis. Therefore, the identification of key genes and pathways could help determine the potential molecular mechanisms of BC development. Material/Methods Microarray data on gene expression and gene methylation were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Abnormal methylated/expressed genes were analyzed by GEO2R and statistical software R. Gene Ontology term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID database and KOBAS 3.0. STRING and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and analyze modules of the PPI network. Results A total of 71 hypomethylated/upregulated genes were significantly enriched in cell–cell adhesion and blood vessel development. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted p53 signaling and metabolic pathways. Five core genes in the PPI network were determined: CDH1, DDOST, CASP8, DHX15, and PTPRF. Additionally, 89 hypermethylated/downregulated genes were found. These genes were enriched mostly in cell adhesion and signal transduction. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in focal adhesion. The top 5 core genes in the PPI network were GNG4, ADCY9, NPY, ADRA2B, and PENK. We found most of the core genes were also significantly altered in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Conclusions Abnormal methylated/expressed genes and key signaling pathways involved in BC were identified through integrated bioinformatics analysis. In the future, these genes may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanwei Zang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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48
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Lee JS, Wang RX, Alexeev EE, Lanis JM, Battista KD, Glover LE, Colgan SP. Hypoxanthine is a checkpoint stress metabolite in colonic epithelial energy modulation and barrier function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6039-6051. [PMID: 29487135 PMCID: PMC5912467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a selectively permeable barrier to protect colon tissues from luminal microbiota and antigens and to mediate nutrient, fluid, and waste flux in the intestinal tract. Dysregulation of the epithelial cell barrier coincides with profound shifts in metabolic energy, especially in the colon, which exists in an energetically depleting state of physiological hypoxia. However, studies that systematically examine energy flux and adenylate metabolism during intestinal epithelial barrier development and restoration after disruption are lacking. Here, to delineate barrier-related energy flux, we developed an HPLC-based profiling method to track changes in energy flux and adenylate metabolites during barrier development and restoration. Cultured epithelia exhibited pooling of phosphocreatine and maintained ATP during barrier development. EDTA-induced epithelial barrier disruption revealed that hypoxanthine levels correlated with barrier resistance. Further studies uncovered that hypoxanthine supplementation improves barrier function and wound healing and that hypoxanthine appears to do so by increasing intracellular ATP, which improved cytoskeletal G- to F-actin polymerization. Hypoxanthine supplementation increased the adenylate energy charge in the murine colon, indicating potential to regulate adenylate energy charge-mediated metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, experiments in a murine colitis model disclosed that hypoxanthine loss during active inflammation correlates with markers of disease severity. In summary, our results indicate that hypoxanthine modulates energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and is critical for intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Lee
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Ruth X Wang
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Erica E Alexeev
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Kayla D Battista
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Louise E Glover
- the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
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49
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Zha H, Cai Y, Yin Y, Wang Z, Li K, Zhu ZJ. SWATHtoMRM: Development of High-Coverage Targeted Metabolomics Method Using SWATH Technology for Biomarker Discovery. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4062-4070. [PMID: 29485856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of metabolome presents a great analytical challenge for quantitative metabolite profiling, and restricts the application of metabolomics in biomarker discovery. Targeted metabolomics using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) technique has excellent capability for quantitative analysis, but suffers from the limited metabolite coverage. To address this challenge, we developed a new strategy, namely, SWATHtoMRM, which utilizes the broad coverage of SWATH-MS technology to develop high-coverage targeted metabolomics method. Specifically, SWATH-MS technique was first utilized to untargeted profile one pooled biological sample and to acquire the MS2 spectra for all metabolites. Then, SWATHtoMRM was used to extract the large-scale MRM transitions for targeted analysis with coverage as high as 1000-2000 metabolites. Then, we demonstrated the advantages of SWATHtoMRM method in quantitative analysis such as coverage, reproducibility, sensitivity, and dynamic range. Finally, we applied our SWATHtoMRM approach to discover potential metabolite biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. A high-coverage targeted metabolomics method with 1303 metabolites in one injection was developed to profile colorectal cancer tissues from CRC patients. A total of 20 potential metabolite biomarkers were discovered and validated for CRC diagnosis. In plasma samples from CRC patients, 17 out of 20 potential biomarkers were further validated to be associated with tumor resection, which may have a great potential in assessing the prognosis of CRC patients after tumor resection. Together, the SWATHtoMRM strategy provides a new way to develop high-coverage targeted metabolomics method, and facilitates the application of targeted metabolomics in disease biomarker discovery. The SWATHtoMRM program is freely available on the Internet ( http://www.zhulab.cn/software.php ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200032 People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200032 People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuozhong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200032 People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150086 People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , 150086 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 200032 People's Republic of China
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