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Liu C, Yu R. Neural mechanisms underpinning metacognitive shifts driven by non-informative predictions. Neuroimage 2024; 296:120670. [PMID: 38848980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans constantly make predictions and such predictions allow us to prepare for future events. Yet, such benefits may come with drawbacks as premature predictions may potentially bias subsequent judgments. Here we examined how prediction influences our perceptual decisions and subsequent confidence judgments, on scenarios where the predictions were arbitrary and independent of the identity of the upcoming stimuli. We defined them as invalid and non-informative predictions. Behavioral results showed that, such non-informative predictions biased perceptual decisions in favor of the predicted choice, and such prediction-induced perceptual bias further increased the metacognitive efficiency. The functional MRI results showed that activities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) encoded the response consistency between predictions and perceptual decisions. Activity in mPFC predicted the strength of this congruency bias across individuals. Moreover, the parametric encoding of confidence in putamen was modulated by prediction-choice consistency, such that activity in putamen was negatively correlated with confidence rating after inconsistent responses. These findings suggest that predictions, while made arbitrarily, orchestrate the neural representations of choice and confidence judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, PR China.
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2
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Wang C, Sun Y, Xing Y, Liu K, Xu K. Role of electrophysiological activity and interactions of lateral habenula in the development of depression-like behavior in a chronic restraint stress model. Brain Res 2024; 1835:148914. [PMID: 38580047 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) system offers a promising approach for treatment-resistant depression, but identifying universally accepted electrophysiological biomarkers for closed-loop DBS systems targeting depression is challenging. There is growing evidence suggesting a strong association between the lateral habenula (LHb) and depression. Here, we took LHb as a key target, utilizing multi-site local field potentials (LFPs) to study the acute and chronic changes in electrophysiology, functional connectivity, and brain network characteristics during the formation of a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model. Furthermore, our model combining the electrophysiological changes of LHb and interactions between LHb and other potential targets of depression can effectively distinguish depressive states, offering a new way for developing effective closed-loop DBS strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100,China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuting Sun
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100,China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yanjie Xing
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100,China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kezhou Liu
- School of Automation (Artificial Intelligence), Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Kedi Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies (QAAS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100,China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Izowit G, Walczak M, Drwięga G, Solecki W, Błasiak T. Brain state-dependent responses of midbrain dopaminergic neurons to footshock under urethane anaesthesia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1536-1557. [PMID: 38233998 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
For a long time, it has been assumed that dopaminergic (DA) neurons in both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) uniformly respond to rewarding and aversive stimuli by either increasing or decreasing their activity, respectively. This response was believed to signal information about the perceived stimuli's values. The identification of VTA&SNc DA neurons that are excited by both rewarding and aversive stimuli has led to the categorisation of VTA&SNc DA neurons into two subpopulations: one signalling the value and the other signalling the salience of the stimuli. It has been shown that the general state of the brain can modulate the electrical activity of VTA&SNc DA neurons, but it remains unknown whether this factor may also influence responses to aversive stimuli, such as a footshock (FS). To address this question, we have recorded the responses of VTA&SNc DA neurons to FSs across cortical activation and slow wave activity brain states in urethane-anaesthetised rats. Adding to the knowledge of aversion signalling by midbrain DA neurons, we report that significant proportion of VTA&SNc DA neurons can change their responses to an aversive stimulus in a brain state-dependent manner. The majority of these neurons decreased their activity in response to FS during cortical activation but switched to increasing it during slow wave activity. It can be hypothesised that this subpopulation of DA neurons may be involved in the 'dual signalling' of both the value and the salience of the stimuli, depending on the general state of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Walczak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Gniewosz Drwięga
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Solecki
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Błasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Gao Z, Winhusen TJ, Gorenflo M, Ghitza UE, Nunes E, Saxon AJ, Korthuis T, Brady K, Luo SX, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R. Potential effect of antidepressants on remission from cocaine use disorder - A nationwide matched retrospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110958. [PMID: 37703770 PMCID: PMC10556849 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health issue for which there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy. Depressive disorders are common psychiatric comorbidity amongst individuals with CUD. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 161,544 patients diagnosed with CUD and depression to evaluate the effectiveness of 13 antidepressants on CUD remission. For any antidepressant found to be associated with CUD remission that had an additional indication, we conducted an additional analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of the candidate drug in patients with CUD with that indication. We then analyzed publicly genomic and functional databases to identify potential explanatory mechanisms of action of the candidate drug in the treatment of CUD. RESULTS Among these antidepressants, bupropion was associated with higher rates of CUD remission compared to propensity-score matched patients prescribed other antidepressants: hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57 (95% CI: 1.27-1.94). Bupropion is also approved for smoking cessation. We identified CUD patients with co-occurring nicotine dependence and observed that patients prescribed bupropion displayed a higher rate of CUD remission compared to matched individuals prescribed other drugs for nicotine dependence: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.11-1.71). Genetic and functional analyses revealed that bupropion interacts with four protein-encoding genes (COMT, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC6A4) which are also associated with CUD and targets CUD-associated pathways including serotonergic synapses, cocaine addiction, and dopaminergic synapses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bupropion might be considered a treatment for improving CUD remission in patients with CUD and co-occurring depression or nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiang Gao
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T John Winhusen
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Maria Gorenflo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Udi E Ghitza
- Center for the Clinical Trials Network (CCTN), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Saxon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Korthuis
- Addiction Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean X Luo
- Columbia University Division on Substance Use Disorders, and Research Scientist, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela B Davis
- Center for Community Health Integration, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C Kaelber
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The Metro Health System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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5
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Steinhardt J, Lokowandt L, Rasche D, Koch A, Tronnier V, Münte TF, Meyhöfer SM, Wilms B, Brüggemann N. Mechanisms and consequences of weight gain after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14202. [PMID: 37648732 PMCID: PMC10468527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Body weight gain in combination with metabolic alterations has been observed after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which potentially counteracts the positive effects of motor improvement. We aimed to identify stimulation-dependent effects on motor activities, body weight, body composition, energy metabolism, and metabolic blood parameters and to determine if these alterations are associated with the local impact of DBS on different STN parcellations. We assessed 14 PD patients who underwent STN DBS (PD-DBS) before as well as 6- and 12-months post-surgery. For control purposes, 18 PD patients under best medical treatment (PD-CON) and 25 healthy controls (H-CON) were also enrolled. Wrist actigraphy, body composition, hormones, and energy expenditure measurements were applied. Electrode placement in the STN was localized, and the local impact of STN DBS was estimated. We found that STN DBS improved motor function by ~ 40% (DBS ON, Med ON). Weight and fat mass increased by ~ 3 kg and ~ 3% in PD-DBS (all P ≤ 0.005). fT3 (P = 0.001) and insulin levels (P = 0.048) increased solely in PD-DBS, whereas growth hormone levels (P = 0.001), daily physical activity, and VO2 during walking were decreased in PD-DBS (all P ≤ 0.002). DBS of the limbic part of the STN was associated with changes in weight and body composition, sedentary activity, insulin levels (all P ≤ 0.040; all r ≥ 0.56), and inversely related to HOMA-IR (P = 0.033; r = - 0.62). Daily physical activity is decreased after STN DBS, which can contribute to weight gain and an unfavorable metabolic profile. We recommend actigraphy devices to provide feedback on daily activities to achieve pre-defined activity goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinhardt
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Lokowandt
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Rasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Section Maritime Medicine, Naval Medical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - Volker Tronnier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Meyhöfer
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Britta Wilms
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Section Maritime Medicine, Naval Medical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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Clifford KP, Miles AE, Prevot TD, Misquitta KA, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Sibille E, Nikolova YS, Banasr M. Brain structure and working memory adaptations associated with maturation and aging in mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1195748. [PMID: 37484693 PMCID: PMC10359104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1195748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the population skews toward older age, elucidating mechanisms underlying human brain aging becomes imperative. Structural MRI has facilitated non-invasive investigation of lifespan brain morphology changes, yet this domain remains uncharacterized in rodents despite increasing use as models of disordered human brain aging. Methods Young (2m, n = 10), middle-age (10m, n = 10) and old (22m, n = 9) mice were utilized for maturational (young vs. middle-age) and aging-related (middle-age vs. old mice) comparisons. Regional brain volume was averaged across hemispheres and reduced to 32 brain regions. Pairwise group differences in regional volume were tested using general linear models, with total brain volume as a covariate. Sample-wide associations between regional brain volume and Y-maze performance were assessed using logistic regression, residualized for total brain volume. Both analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. Structural covariance networks were generated using the R package "igraph." Group differences in network centrality (degree), integration (mean distance), and segregation (transitivity, modularity) were tested across network densities (5-40%), using 5,000 (1,000 for degree) permutations with significance criteria of p < 0.05 at ≥5 consecutive density thresholds. Results Widespread significant maturational changes in volume occurred in 18 brain regions, including considerable loss in isocortex regions and increases in brainstem regions and white matter tracts. The aging-related comparison yielded 6 significant changes in brain volume, including further loss in isocortex regions and increases in white matter tracts. No significant volume changes were observed across either comparison for subcortical regions. Additionally, smaller volume of the anterior cingulate area (χ2 = 2.325, pBH = 0.044) and larger volume of the hippocampal formation (χ2 = -2.180, pBH = 0.044) were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Maturational network comparisons yielded significant degree changes in 9 regions, but no aging-related changes, aligning with network stabilization trends in humans. Maturational decline in modularity occurred (24-29% density), mirroring human trends of decreased segregation in young adulthood, while mean distance and transitivity remained stable. Conclusion/Implications These findings offer a foundational account of age effects on brain volume, structural brain networks, and working memory in mice, informing future work in facilitating translation between rodent models and human brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan P. Clifford
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy E. Miles
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Keith A. Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S. Nikolova
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shao D, Jiang D, Huang Q, Ren S, Li J, Xiao J, Guan Y, Lai B, Zhao J, Xie F, Hua F. Brain glucose metabolism and dopamine transporter changes in rats with morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13277. [PMID: 37186440 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Addiction to morphine is a chronic brain disease leading to compulsive abuse. Drug addiction animal models with and without conditioned place preference (CPP) training have been used to investigate cue-elicited drug craving. We used 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) and 11 C-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (11 C-CFT) micro-PET/CT scans to examine the regional changes in brain glucose metabolism and dopamine transporter (DAT) availability to study their relationship underlying drug memory in morphine-treated rat models with and without CPP. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) of 18 F-FDG significantly decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and cingulate with short-term morphine administration compared with the baseline condition. Voxelwise analysis indicated glucose metabolism alterations in the somatosensory cortex, hippocampus and cingulate in morphine-treated rats and in the striatum, thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex and many regions in the cortex in the CPP group compared with the baseline condition. Alterative glucose metabolism was also observed in the striatum, primary somatosensory cortex and some cortical regions in the CPP group compared with morphine alone group. DAT expression alterations were only observed in the long-term morphine compared with the short-term morphine group. This study shows that cerebral glucose metabolism significantly altered during morphine administration and CPP process mainly in the mPFC, striatum and hippocampus, which indicates that the function of these brain regions is involved in cue-induced craving and memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shao
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglang Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medcine & PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengchun Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Newman AH, Xi ZX, Heidbreder C. Current Perspectives on Selective Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists/Partial Agonists as Pharmacotherapeutics for Opioid and Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 60:157-201. [PMID: 35543868 PMCID: PMC9652482 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders (SUD). The expectation that a selective D3R antagonist/partial agonist would be efficacious for the treatment of SUD is based on the following key observations. First, D3R are distributed in strategic areas belonging to the mesolimbic DA system such as the ventral striatum, midbrain, and ventral pallidum, which have been associated with behaviors controlled by the presentation of drug-associated cues. Second, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse produces neuroadaptations in the D3R system. Third, the synthesis and characterization of highly potent and selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists have further strengthened the role of the D3R in SUD. Based on extensive preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence, the D3R shows promise as a target for the development of pharmacotherapies for SUD as reflected by their potential to (1) regulate the motivation to self-administer drugs and (2) disrupt the responsiveness to drug-associated stimuli that play a key role in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered by re-exposure to the drug itself, drug-associated environmental cues, or stress. The availability of PET ligands to assess clinically relevant receptor occupancy by selective D3R antagonists/partial agonists, the definition of reliable dosing, and the prospect of using human laboratory models may further guide the design of clinical proof of concept studies. Pivotal clinical trials for more rapid progression of this target toward regulatory approval are urgently required. Finally, the discovery that highly selective D3R antagonists, such as R-VK4-116 and R-VK4-40, do not adversely affect peripheral biometrics or cardiovascular effects alone or in the presence of oxycodone or cocaine suggests that this class of drugs has great potential in safely treating psychostimulant and/or opioid use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ceccanti M, Blum K, Bowirrat A, Dennen CA, Braverman ER, Baron D, Mclaughlin T, Giordano J, Gupta A, Downs BW, Bagchi D, Barh D, Elman I, Thanos PK, Badgaiyan RD, Edwards D, Gold MS. Future Newborns with Opioid-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) Could Be Assessed with the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test and Potentially Treated Using Precision Amino-Acid Enkephalinase Inhibition Therapy (KB220) as a Frontline Modality Instead of Potent Opioids. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122015. [PMID: 36556236 PMCID: PMC9782293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this nonsystematic review and opinion, including articles primarily selected from PubMed, we examine the pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in order to craft a reasonable opinion to help forge a paradigm shift in the treatment and prevention of primarily opioid-induced NAS. Newborns of individuals who use illicit and licit substances during pregnancy are at risk for withdrawal, also known as NAS. In the US, the reported prevalence of NAS has increased from 4.0 per 1000 hospital births in 2010 to 7.3 per 1000 hospital births in 2017, which is an 82% increase. The management of NAS is varied and involves a combination of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy. The preferred first-line pharmacological treatment for NAS is opioid therapy, specifically morphine, and the goal is the short-term improvement in NAS symptomatology. Nonpharmacological therapies are individualized and typically focus on general care measures, the newborn-parent/caregiver relationship, the environment, and feeding. When used appropriately, nonpharmacologic therapies can help newborns with NAS avoid or reduce the amount of pharmacologic therapy required and the length of hospitalization. In addition, genetic polymorphisms of the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) and mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) genes appear to affect the length of stay and the need for pharmacotherapy in newborns with prenatal opioid exposure. Therefore, based on this extensive literature and additional research, this team of coauthors suggests that, in the future, in addition to the current nonpharmacological therapies, patients with opioid-induced NAS should undergo genetic assessment (i.e., the genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) test), which can subsequently be used to guide DNA-directed precision amino-acid enkephalinase inhibition (KB220) therapy as a frontline modality instead of potent opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ceccanti
- Società Italiana per il Trattamento dell’Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze (SITAC), ASL Roma1, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth Blum
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Mental Health & Sports, Exercise and Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Centre, Dayton, OH 45324, USA
- Reward Deficiency Clinics of America, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India
- Department of Precision Behavioral Management, Transplicegen Therapeutics, Inc., LLC., Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Catherine A. Dennen
- Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Eric R. Braverman
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - David Baron
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Mental Health & Sports, Exercise and Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | | | - John Giordano
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Ketamine Infusion Clinic of South Florida, Pompano Beach, FL 33062, USA
| | - Ashim Gupta
- Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Bernard W. Downs
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern University College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Igor Elman
- Center for Pain and the Brain (PAIN Group), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rajendra D. Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Drew Edwards
- Neurogenesis Project, Jacksonville, FL 32223, USA
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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László BR, Kertes E, Ollmann T, Péczely L, Kovács A, Karádi Z, Lénárd L, László K. The Role of Intra-Amygdaloid Neurotensin and Dopamine Interaction in Spatial Learning and Memory. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123138. [PMID: 36551894 PMCID: PMC9775557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator neurotensin (NT) has been proved to facilitate spatial and passive avoidance learning after microinjected into the rat central nucleus of amygdala (CeA). These previous studies of our laboratory also revealed that neurotensin-1 receptor (NTS1) is involved in the mentioned actions of NT. Extensive literature confirms the interaction between neurotensinergic and dopaminergic systems, and our research group also suppose that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MLDS) is involved in the spatial learning and memory-facilitating effect of NT in the CeA. In the present work, NT and dopamine (DA) interaction has been examined in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Rats received 100 ng NT, 5 µg dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride in itself, sulpiride as a pretreatment before NT or vehicle solution into the CeA. NT microinjection significantly decreased target-finding latency in the Morris water maze test and significantly increased entrance latency in the passive avoidance test, as was expected based on our previous findings. The DA D2 receptor antagonist pretreatment was able to inhibit both effects of NT. The results confirm the facilitatory effect of NT on spatial learning and memory and let us conclude that these actions can be exerted via the DA D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Réka László
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Kertes
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ollmann
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Péczely
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karádi
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Center, Molecular Endocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Lénárd
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Center, Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Center, Molecular Endocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kristóf László
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuroscience Center, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7602 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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11
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Glutamate inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the ventral tegmental area are essential for the induction of cocaine sensitization in male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3263-3276. [PMID: 36006414 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug-induced potentiation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate signaling contributes critically to the induction of sensitization - an enhancement in responding to a drug following exposure which is thought to reflect neural changes underlying drug addiction. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) provides one of several sources of glutamate input to the VTA. OBJECTIVE We used optogenetic techniques to test either the role of LDTg glutamate cells or their VTA afferents in the development of cocaine sensitization in male VGluT2::Cre mice. These were inhibited using halorhodopsin during each of five daily cocaine exposure injections. The expression of locomotor sensitization was assessed following a cocaine challenge injection 1-week later. RESULTS The locomotor sensitization seen in control mice was absent in male mice subjected to inhibition of LDTg-VTA glutamatergic circuitry during cocaine exposure. As sensitization of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine (DA) overflow is also induced by this drug exposure regimen, we used microdialysis to measure NAcc DA overflow on the test for sensitization. Consistent with the locomotor sensitization results, inhibition of LDTg glutamate afferents to the VTA during cocaine exposure prevented the sensitization of NAcc DA overflow observed in control mice. CONCLUSIONS These data identify the LDTg as the source of VTA glutamate critical for the development of cocaine sensitization in male mice. Accordingly, the LDTg may give rise to the synapses in the VTA at which glutamatergic plasticity, known to contribute to the enhancement of addictive behaviors, occurs.
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12
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Oliva I, Saberi SA, Rangel‐Barajas C, Iyer V, Bunner KD, Lai YY, Kulkarni PM, Garai S, Thakur GA, Crystal JD, Rebec GV, Hohmann AG. Inhibition of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions decreases morphine reward and relapse vulnerability in rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13220. [PMID: 36001441 PMCID: PMC9539577 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate signalling through the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activates the enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) to produce the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO). We hypothesized that disruption of the protein-protein interaction between nNOS and the scaffolding protein postsynaptic density 95 kDa (PSD95) would block NMDAR-dependent NO signalling and represent a viable therapeutic route to decrease opioid reward and relapse-like behaviour without the unwanted side effects of NMDAR antagonists. We used a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to evaluate the impact of two small-molecule PSD95-nNOS inhibitors, IC87201 and ZL006, on the rewarding effects of morphine. Both IC87201 and ZL006 blocked morphine-induced CPP at doses that lacked intrinsic rewarding or aversive properties. Furthermore, in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was used to ascertain the impact of ZL006 on morphine-induced increases in dopamine (DA) efflux in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc shell) evoked by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). ZL006 attenuated morphine-induced increases in DA efflux at a dose that did not have intrinsic effects on DA transmission. We also employed multiple intravenous drug self-administration approaches to examine the impact of ZL006 on the reinforcing effects of morphine. Interestingly, ZL006 did not alter acquisition or maintenance of morphine self-administration, but reduced lever pressing in a morphine relapse test after forced abstinence. Our results provide behavioural and neurochemical support for the hypothesis that inhibition of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions decreases morphine reward and relapse-like behaviour, highlighting a previously unreported application for these novel therapeutics in the treatment of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaira Oliva
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Shahin A. Saberi
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | | | - Vishakh Iyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Program in NeuroscienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Kendra D. Bunner
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Program in NeuroscienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Yvonne Y. Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | | | - Sumanta Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Jonathon D. Crystal
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Program in NeuroscienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - George V. Rebec
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Program in NeuroscienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Program in NeuroscienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA,Gill Center for Biomolecular ScienceIndiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA
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13
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Petković A, Chaudhury D. Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:931964. [PMID: 36004305 PMCID: PMC9395206 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.931964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies over the past two decades have led to extensive advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of depressive and mood disorders. Among these, rodent behavioural models proved to be of highest informative value. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the most popular behavioural models with respect to physiological, circuit, and molecular biological correlates. Behavioural stress paradigms and behavioural tests are assessed in terms of outcomes, strengths, weaknesses, and translational value, especially in the domain of pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipesh Chaudhury
- Laboratory of Neural Systems and Behaviour, Department of Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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15
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Coenen VA, Schlaepfer TE, Sajonz BEA, Reinacher PC, Döbrössy MD, Reisert M. "The Heart Asks Pleasure First"-Conceptualizing Psychiatric Diseases as MAINTENANCE Network Dysfunctions through Insights from slMFB DBS in Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:438. [PMID: 35447971 PMCID: PMC9028695 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a decade ago, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the superolateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB), as part of the greater MFB system, had been proposed as a putative yet experimental treatment strategy for therapy refractory depression (TRD) and later for obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Antidepressant and anti-OCD efficacy have been shown in open case series and smaller trials and were independently replicated. The MFB is anato-physiologically confluent with the SEEKING system promoting euphoric drive, reward anticipation and reward; functions realized through the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Growing clinical experience concerning surgical and stimulation aspects from a larger number of patients shows an MFB functionality beyond SEEKING and now re-informs the scientific rationale concerning the MFB's (patho-) physiology. In this white paper, we combine observations from more than 75 cases of slMFB DBS. We integrate these observations with a selected literature review to provide a new neuroethological view on the MFB. We here formulate a re-interpretation of the MFB as the main structure of an integrated SEEKING/MAINTENANCE circuitry, allowing for individual homeostasis and well-being through emotional arousal, basic and higher affect valence, bodily reactions, motor programing, vigor and flexible behavior, as the basis for the antidepressant and anti-OCD efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker A. Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.E.A.S.); (P.C.R.); (M.D.D.); (M.R.)
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Center for Deep Brain Stimulation, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional, Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Schlaepfer
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Center for Deep Brain Stimulation, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Medical Center of University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bastian E. A. Sajonz
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.E.A.S.); (P.C.R.); (M.D.D.); (M.R.)
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Peter C. Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.E.A.S.); (P.C.R.); (M.D.D.); (M.R.)
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Máté D. Döbrössy
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.E.A.S.); (P.C.R.); (M.D.D.); (M.R.)
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional, Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center of Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (B.E.A.S.); (P.C.R.); (M.D.D.); (M.R.)
- Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center of University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Velazquez-Martinez DN, Pacheco-Gomez BL, Toscano-Zapien AL, Lopez-Guzman MA, Velazquez-Lopez D. On the Similarity Between the Reinforcing and the Discriminative Properties of Intracranial Self-Stimulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:799015. [PMID: 35264936 PMCID: PMC8899289 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.799015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats work very hard for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and tradeoff effort or time allocation for intensity and frequency parameters producing a sigmoidal function of the subjective reward magnitude of ICSS. Previous studies using electrical intracranial stimuli (ICS) as a discriminative cue focused on estimating detection thresholds or on the discrimination between intensities. To our knowledge, there is no direct comparison of the reinforcer tradeoff functions with the discriminative functions. Rats were trained to press and hold the lever for ICSS using the maximum reinforcing intensity below motor alterations or avoidance behavior. First, rats were trained to hold the lever for 1 s; after stability, they undergo trials where intensity or frequency was decreased on 0.1 log step. Thereafter, they undergo further training with a hold of 2 and later of 4 s to determine tradeoff with intensity or frequency. The same rats were trained on a discrimination task where the previously used ICSS signaled a lever where a 1 s hold response was followed by a reinforcing ICSS; on randomly alternating trials, a −0.6 log ICS signaled an alternate lever where a similar hold response led to a reinforcer. After mastering discrimination, generalization tests were carried out with varying intensity or frequency. Rats completed training with 2 and later 4 s hold response. After the completion of each task, the rats had different doses of a pimozide challenge while their intensity and hold-down requirement were varied. With regards to the rats’ tradeoff response time allocation as a function of intensity or frequency, sigmoid functions were displaced to the right when long responses were required. Rats that learned the discrimination task attained a discrimination index of 90–98%. Discrimination accuracy decreased slightly with the increase of hold requirement, but generalization gradients were not displaced to the right as a function of the response requirement. Pimozide induced a dose-dependent displacement of the time-allocation gradients, but it did not affect the generalization gradients. It is concluded that rats integrate response requirements as part of the reinforcement tradeoff function, but the response cost is not integrated into the discriminative function of ICSS.
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17
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Su H, Bai J, Fan Y, Sun T, Du Y, Li Y, Wei Z, Chen T, Guo X, Yun K. The distinct roles of various neurotransmitters in modulating methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in relevant brain regions in mice. Neuroreport 2022; 33:101-108. [PMID: 34966126 PMCID: PMC8812429 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that methamphetamine (METH) can induce complex adaptive changes in the reward system in the brain, including the changes in the content of neurotransmitters in the signal transduction pathway. However, how the changes of various neurotransmitters in relevant brain reward circuits contribute to METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) remains unclear. METHODS In this study, first, we designed an animal model of METH-induced CPP. Then we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to simultaneously determine the contents of various neurotransmitters - dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), glutamic acid (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) - in different brain regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFc), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate-putamen (CPu) and hippocampus (Hip), which are believed to be relevant to the drug's reward effect. RESULTS The results of the behavioral experiment suggested that 1.0 mg/kg METH could induce obvious CPP in mice. The results about various neurotransmitters showed that: DA significantly increased in NAc in the METH group; Glu increased significantly in the METH group in PFc and NAc and Gln increased significantly in the METH group in PFc. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the neurotransmitters of DA, Glu and Gln may work together and play important roles in METH-induced CPP in relevant brain reward circuits, especially in PFc and NAc. These findings therefore could help to advance the comprehensive understanding of the neurochemic and psychopharmacologic properties of METH in reward effect, which is important for future improvements in the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Su
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing
| | - Junmei Bai
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Foreign Languages, Taiyuan
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Guo
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
| | - Keming Yun
- Department of School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing
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18
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Smith A, Woodside B, Abizaid A. Ghrelin and the Control of Energy Balance in Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:904754. [PMID: 35909536 PMCID: PMC9334675 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is considered one of the most potent orexigenic peptide hormones and one that promotes homeostatic and hedonic food intake. Research on ghrelin, however, has been conducted predominantly in males and particularly in male rodents. In female mammals the control of energy metabolism is complex and it involves the interaction between ovarian hormones like estrogen and progesterone, and metabolic hormones. In females, the role that ghrelin plays in promoting feeding and how this is impacted by ovarian hormones is not well understood. Basal ghrelin levels are higher in females than in males, and ghrelin sensitivity changes across the estrus cycle. Yet, responses to ghrelin are lower in female and seem dependent on circulating levels of ovarian hormones. In this review we discuss the role that ghrelin plays in regulating homeostatic and hedonic food intake in females, and how the effects of ghrelin interact with those of ovarian hormones to regulate feeding and energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Woodside
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton Unversity, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Stress, Trauma and Relience (STAR) Work Group Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alfonso Abizaid,
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The role of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum in feeding and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110394. [PMID: 34242717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global epidemic that stems from the increasing availability of highly-palatable foods and the consequent enhanced calorie consumption. Extensive research has shown that brain regions that are central to reward seeking modulate feeding and evidence linking obesity to pathology in such regions have recently started to accumulate. In this review we focus on the contribution of two major interconnected structures central to reward processing, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum, to obesity. We first review the known literature linking these structures to feeding behavior, then discuss recent advances connecting pathology in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to obesity, and finally examine the similarities and differences between drug addiction and obesity in the context of these two structures. The understanding of how pathology in brain regions involved in reward seeking and consumption may drive obesity and how mechanistically similar obesity and addiction are, is only now starting to be revealed. We hope that future research will advance knowledge in the field and open new avenues to studying and treating obesity.
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20
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Quansah Amissah R, Basha D, Bukhtiyarova O, Timofeeva E, Timofeev I. Neuronal activities during palatable food consumption in the reward system of binge-like eating female rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 242:113604. [PMID: 34563545 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED), characterized by bingeing episodes and compulsivity, is the most prevalent eating disorder; however, little is known about its neurobiological underpinnings. In humans, BED is associated with desensitization of the reward system, specifically, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (Acb), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Additionally, BED patients feel relieved during bingeing, suggesting that bingeing helps to decrease the negative emotions they were feeling prior to the binge episode. However, the mechanisms that underlie this feeling of relief in BED patients have not been well investigated. To investigate neuronal activity before and during palatable food consumption in BED, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings in a binge-like eating rat model (bingeing, n = 12 and non-bingeing, n = 14) and analyzed the firing rate of neurons in the mPFC, Acb, and VTA before and during access to sucrose solution. We also investigated changes in the firing rate of neurons in these regions during and between active bingeing, which may underlie the feeling of relief in BED patients. We found that neuronal firing rates of mPFC and VTA neurons in bingeing rats were lower than those in non-bingeing rats before and during sucrose consumption. Palatable food consumption increased neuronal firing rates during and between active bingeing in bingeing rats. Our results suggest a desynchronization in the activity of reward system regions, specifically in the mPFC, in bingeing rats, which may also contribute to BED. These results are consistent with those of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that reported decreased activity in the reward system in BED patients. We propose that increased neuronal activity in the mPFC, Acb, or VTA produces an antidepressant effect in rats, which may underlie the sense of relief patients express during bingeing episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Quansah Amissah
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Diellor Basha
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Olga Bukhtiyarova
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Elena Timofeeva
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada
| | - Igor Timofeev
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J2G3, Canada.
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21
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Poisson CL, Engel L, Saunders BT. Dopamine Circuit Mechanisms of Addiction-Like Behaviors. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:752420. [PMID: 34858143 PMCID: PMC8631198 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.752420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction is a complex disease that impacts millions of people around the world. Clinically, addiction is formalized as substance use disorder (SUD), with three primary symptom categories: exaggerated substance use, social or lifestyle impairment, and risky substance use. Considerable efforts have been made to model features of these criteria in non-human animal research subjects, for insight into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Here we review evidence from rodent models of SUD-inspired criteria, focusing on the role of the striatal dopamine system. We identify distinct mesostriatal and nigrostriatal dopamine circuit functions in behavioral outcomes that are relevant to addictions and SUDs. This work suggests that striatal dopamine is essential for not only positive symptom features of SUDs, such as elevated intake and craving, but also for impairments in decision making that underlie compulsive behavior, reduced sociality, and risk taking. Understanding the functional heterogeneity of the dopamine system and related networks can offer insight into this complex symptomatology and may lead to more targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli L. Poisson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Liv Engel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Benjamin T. Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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22
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Sicova M, Guest NS, Tyrrell PN, El-Sohemy A. Caffeine, genetic variation and anaerobic performance in male athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3499-3513. [PMID: 34529114 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance is unclear and may differ depending on an individual's genetics. The goal of this study was to determine whether caffeine influences anaerobic performance in a 30 s Wingate test, and if 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes, associated with caffeine metabolism or response, modify caffeine's effects. METHODS Competitive male athletes (N = 100; 25 ± 4 years) completed the Wingate under three conditions: 0, 2, or 4 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass (mg kg-1), using a double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. Using saliva samples, participants were genotyped for the 14 SNPs. The outcomes were peak power (Watts [W]), average power (Watts [W]), and fatigue index (%). RESULTS There was no main effect of caffeine on Wingate outcomes. One significant caffeine-gene interaction was observed for CYP1A2 (rs762551, p = 0.004) on average power. However, post hoc analysis showed no difference in caffeine's effects within CYP1A2 genotypes for average power performance. No significant caffeine-gene interactions were observed for the remaining SNPs on peak power, average power and fatigue index. CONCLUSION Caffeine had no effect on anaerobic performance and variations in several genes did not modify any effects of caffeine. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02109783).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sicova
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 5326A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nanci S Guest
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 5326A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Pascal N Tyrrell
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 5326A, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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23
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Gordon-Fennell A, Stuber GD. Illuminating subcortical GABAergic and glutamatergic circuits for reward and aversion. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108725. [PMID: 34375625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcement, reward, and aversion are fundamental processes for guiding appropriate behaviors. Longstanding theories have pointed to dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the limbic systems' descending pathways as crucial systems for modulating these behaviors. The application of optogenetic techniques in neurotransmitter- and projection-specific circuits has supported and enhanced many preexisting theories but has also revealed many unexpected results. Here, we review the past decade of optogenetic experiments to study the neural circuitry of reinforcement and reward/aversion with a focus on the mesolimbic dopamine system and brain areas along the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The cumulation of these studies to date has revealed generalizable findings across molecularly defined cell types in areas of the basal forebrain and anterior hypothalamus. Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in these brain regions drives reward and can support positive reinforcement and optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in these regions drives aversion. We also review studies of the activity dynamics of neurotransmitter defined populations in these areas which have revealed varied response patterns associated with motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gordon-Fennell
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
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24
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Blasco García de Andoain G, Navas García M, González Aduna Ó, Bocos Portillo A, Ezquiaga Terrazas E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Pastor J, Vega-Zelaya L, Torres CV. Posteromedial Hypothalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Aggressiveness in a Patient With Weaver Syndrome: Clinical, Technical Report and Operative Video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:165-171. [PMID: 34017998 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Deep brain stimulation of the posteromedial hypothalamus (PMH DBS) appears to be an effective treatment for drug-resistant aggressiveness. Weaver syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients develop some degree of intellectual disability and rarely severe behavioral alterations that may benefit from this procedure. CLINICAL PRESENTATION We present the case of a 26-yr-old man diagnosed with WS presenting with uncontrollable self and heteroaggressiveness and disruptive behavior refractory to pharmacological treatment and under severe physical and mechanical restraining measures. The patient was successfully treated with bilateral PMH DBS resulting in affective improvement, greater tolerance for signs of affection, regularization in his sleep pattern and appetite disturbances at 12-mo follow-up. A detailed description and video of the procedure are presented, and a review of the clinical characteristics of WS and the utility and benefits of PMH DBS for refractory aggressiveness are reviewed. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case of refractory aggressiveness described in WS as well as the first patient with WS successfully treated with PMH DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Navas García
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Pastor
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Vega-Zelaya
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina V Torres
- Department of Neurosurgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Estes MK, Bland JJ, Ector KK, Puppa MJ, Powell DW, Lester DB. A high fat western diet attenuates phasic dopamine release. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135952. [PMID: 33979702 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural rewards, such as food and social interaction, as well as drugs of abuse elicit increased mesolimbic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Drugs of abuse, however, increase NAc dopamine release to a greater extent and are known to induce lasting changes on the functioning of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. Less is known about the long-term effects of diet composition on this reward pathway. In the present study, two diets were compared: a higher-fat diet (Western Diet: WD) and a control diet (standard lab chow) on their effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Twenty male C57BL/6 J mice were placed on one of these diets at 7 weeks old. After twelve weeks on the diet, in vivo fixed potential amperometry was used to measure real-time stimulation-evoked dopamine release in the NAc of anesthetized mice before and after an i.p. injection of the dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor nomifensine. Results indicated that diet altered mesolimbic dopamine functioning. Mice that consumed the WD demonstrated a hypodopaminergic profile, specifically reduced baseline dopamine release and an attenuated dopaminergic response to DAT inhibition compared to the control diet group. Thus, diet may play a role in mediating dopamine-related behavior, disorders associated with dopamine dysfunction, and pharmacological treatments aimed at altering dopamine transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Estes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Jasric J Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Kenya K Ector
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Melissa J Puppa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Douglas W Powell
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Deranda B Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA.
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26
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Sertraline-Induced Amotivationel Syndrome in a 12-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report. Clin Neuropharmacol 2021; 44:154-155. [PMID: 33871427 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sertraline is a safe and effective agent frequently used in the treatment of childhood depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. Amotivational syndrome is also an important clinical manifestation characterized by decreased capacity to make and carry out long-term plans and lack of motivation. This report describes the development of amotivational syndrome in a 12-year-old girl receiving sertraline monotherapy and successful management of this side effect with discontinuation of sertraline and initiation of fluoxetine therapy. This case is presented because, to the best of our knowledge, there have been very few case reports regarding the development of sertraline-related amotivational syndrome and, more importantly, because of the very low number of case reports in which amotivational syndrome was managed by switching to a different selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
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27
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He W, Li H, Lai Y, Wu Y, Wu Y, Ramirez-Zamora A, Yi W, Zhang C. Weight Change After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Isolated Dystonia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:632913. [PMID: 33716933 PMCID: PMC7944092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.632913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment method for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and isolated dystonia and provides marked improvement of major motor symptoms. In addition, non-motor effects have been reported including weight gain (WG) in patients with PD after STN-DBS. However, it is still unclear whether patients with isolated dystonia also experience WG. Methods: Data from 47 patients with isolated dystonia who underwent bilateral STN-DBS surgery between October 2012 and June 2019 were retrospectively collected. The severity of dystonia was assessed via the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Changes in the body mass index (BMI) and BFMDRS score were analyzed using paired Student's t-tests. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affected the BMI after surgery. Results: Postoperative WG was observed in 78.7% of patients. The percentage of overweight and obese patients increased from 25.5% (before STN-DBS) to 48.9% (at the last follow-up). The mean BMI and mean percentage change in BMI increased by 1.32 ± 1.83 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) and 6.28 ± 8.34%, respectively. BMI increased more in female than in male patients. At the last follow-up, BFMDRS movement and disability scores improved by 69.76 ± 33.23% and 65.66 ± 31.41%, respectively (both P < 0.001). The final regression model analysis revealed that sex and preoperative BMI alone were independently associated with BMI change (P < 0.05). Conclusions: STN-DBS is associated with postoperative WG with patients with isolated dystonia. WG is more prominent in female patients and is associated with preoperative weight but not with the efficacy of STN-DBS on motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Lai
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Geisler M, Rizzoni E, Makris N, Pasternak O, Rathi Y, Bouix S, Herbsleb M, Bär KJ, Weiss T, Kikinis Z. Microstructural alterations in medial forebrain bundle are associated with interindividual pain sensitivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1130-1137. [PMID: 33170528 PMCID: PMC7856635 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of pain to noxious stimuli, also known as pain sensitivity, varies among individuals. The comprised brain structures and their white matter pathways are complex and elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate whether variation of microstructure of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), a tract connecting the basal forebrain with the brain stem, is associated with interindividual pain sensitivity. We assessed interindividual pain sensitivity as a rating of pain intensity to heat stimuli (45, 47, and 48.9°C) in 38 healthy men (age: 27.05 ± 5.7 years). We also reconstructed the MFB using multitensor tractography from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and calculated free‐water corrected dMRI measures of fractional anisotropy (FAt), radial diffusivity (RDt), and axial diffusivity (ADt). Lower ratings of interindividual pain intensity correlated with higher FAt and lower RDt of the MFB. As changes in FAt and RDt may reflect abnormalities in myelination, the results might be interpreted as that a lower pain rating is associated with higher degree of myelination of the MFB and could represent an inhibitory pathway of pain. Our results suggest that alteration of microstructure in the MFB contributes to the interindividual variation of pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Geisler
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Rizzoni
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Herbsleb
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Driscoll JR, Wallace TL, Mansourian KA, Martin WJ, Margolis EB. Differential Modulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Circuits by the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ System. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0376-19.2020. [PMID: 32747458 PMCID: PMC7840174 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0376-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) can be released by stressors and is associated with disorders of emotion regulation and reward processing. N/OFQ and its receptor, NOP, are enriched in dopaminergic pathways, and intra-ventricular agonist delivery decreases dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We used whole-cell electrophysiology in acute rat midbrain slices to investigate synaptic actions of N/OFQ. N/OFQ was primarily inhibitory, causing outward currents in both immunocytochemically identified dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH(+))) and non-dopaminergic (TH(-)) VTA neurons; effect at 1 μm: 20 ± 4 pA. Surprisingly, this effect was mediated by augmentation of postsynaptic GABAAR currents, unlike the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), where the N/OFQ-induced outward currents were K+ channel dependent. A smaller population, 17% of all VTA neurons, responded to low concentrations of N/OFQ with inward currents (10 nm: -11 ± 2 pA). Following 100 nm N/OFQ, the response to a second N/OFQ application was markedly diminished in VTA neurons (14 ± 10% of first response) but not in SNc neurons (90 ± 20% of first response). N/OFQ generated outward currents in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-projecting VTA neurons, but inward currents in a subset of posterior anterior cingulate cortex (pACC)-projecting VTA neurons. While N/OFQ inhibited NAc-projecting VTA cell bodies, it had little effect on electrically or optogenetically evoked terminal dopamine release in the NAc measured ex vivo with fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). These results extend our understanding of the N/OFQ system in brainstem circuits implicated in many neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Driscoll
- BlackThorn Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94103
- UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Kasra A Mansourian
- UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Elyssa B Margolis
- UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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30
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Denier N, Walther S, Schneider C, Federspiel A, Wiest R, Bracht T. Reduced tract length of the medial forebrain bundle and the anterior thalamic radiation in bipolar disorder with melancholic depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:8-14. [PMID: 32469836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) and the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) play a core role in reward anticipation and motivational processes. In this study, the slMFB and the ATR were investigated in a group of depressed bipolar disorder (BD) and in healthy controls (HC) using tract length as a measure of fibre geometry and fractional anisotropy (FA) as a measure of white matter microstructure. We hypothesized reduced tract length and FA of the slMFB and the ATR in BD. We expect alterations to be driven by the melancholic subtype. METHODS Nineteen depressed patients with BD and 19 HC matched for age and gender underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based tractography was used to reconstruct bilateral slMFB and ATR. Mean tract length and FA were computed for the slMFB and the ATR. Mixed-model ANCOVAs and post-hoc ANCOVAs, controlling for age and intracranial volume, were used to compare tract length and FA of bilateral slMFB and ATR between HC and BD and between HC and subgroups with melancholic and non-melancholic symptoms. RESULTS In BD we found a significantly shortened tract length of the right slMFB and ATR in BD compared to HC. Subgroup analyses showed that these findings were driven by the melancholic subgroup. Mean-FA did not differ between HC and BD. LIMITATIONS Sample size CONCLUSIONS: Tract length of the right slMFB and the right ATR is reduced in BD. Those changes of fibre geometry are driven by the melancholic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Denier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bracht
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Neurofibromatosis type 1: New developments in genetics and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1667-1676. [PMID: 32771543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome, with a frequency of 1 in 2500 persons. Diagnosis is paramount in the pretumor stage to provide proper anticipatory guidance for a number of neoplasms, both benign and malignant. Loss-of-function mutations in the NF1 gene result in truncated and nonfunctional production of neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor protein involved in downregulating the RAS signaling pathway. New therapeutic and preventive options include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, interferons, and radiofrequency therapy. This review summarizes recent updates in genetics, mutation analysis assays, and treatment options targeting aberrant genetic pathways. We also propose modified diagnostic criteria and provide an algorithm for surveillance of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.
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Nagaeva E, Zubarev I, Bengtsson Gonzales C, Forss M, Nikouei K, de Miguel E, Elsilä L, Linden AM, Hjerling-Leffler J, Augustine GJ, Korpi ER. Heterogeneous somatostatin-expressing neuron population in mouse ventral tegmental area. eLife 2020; 9:59328. [PMID: 32749220 PMCID: PMC7440918 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular architecture of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the main hub of the brain reward system, remains only partially characterized. To extend the characterization to inhibitory neurons, we have identified three distinct subtypes of somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons in the mouse VTA. These neurons differ in their electrophysiological and morphological properties, anatomical localization, as well as mRNA expression profiles. Importantly, similar to cortical Sst-containing interneurons, most VTA Sst neurons express GABAergic inhibitory markers, but some of them also express glutamatergic excitatory markers and a subpopulation even express dopaminergic markers. Furthermore, only some of the proposed marker genes for cortical Sst neurons were expressed in the VTA Sst neurons. Physiologically, one of the VTA Sst neuron subtypes locally inhibited neighboring dopamine neurons. Overall, our results demonstrate the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of VTA Sst neurons and suggest that these cells are multifunctional players in the midbrain reward circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nagaeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Zubarev
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Forss
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kasra Nikouei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena de Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Elsilä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni-Maija Linden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George J Augustine
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Nagaeva E, Zubarev I, Bengtsson Gonzales C, Forss M, Nikouei K, de Miguel E, Elsilä L, Linden AM, Hjerling-Leffler J, Augustine GJ, Korpi ER. Heterogeneous somatostatin-expressing neuron population in mouse ventral tegmental area. eLife 2020. [PMID: 32749220 DOI: 10.1038/gene] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular architecture of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the main hub of the brain reward system, remains only partially characterized. To extend the characterization to inhibitory neurons, we have identified three distinct subtypes of somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons in the mouse VTA. These neurons differ in their electrophysiological and morphological properties, anatomical localization, as well as mRNA expression profiles. Importantly, similar to cortical Sst-containing interneurons, most VTA Sst neurons express GABAergic inhibitory markers, but some of them also express glutamatergic excitatory markers and a subpopulation even express dopaminergic markers. Furthermore, only some of the proposed marker genes for cortical Sst neurons were expressed in the VTA Sst neurons. Physiologically, one of the VTA Sst neuron subtypes locally inhibited neighboring dopamine neurons. Overall, our results demonstrate the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of VTA Sst neurons and suggest that these cells are multifunctional players in the midbrain reward circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Nagaeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Zubarev
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Forss
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kasra Nikouei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena de Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Elsilä
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni-Maija Linden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George J Augustine
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lebedev AA, Bessolova YN, Efimov NS, Bychkov ER, Droblenkov AV, Shabanov PD. Role of orexin peptide system in emotional overeating induced by brain reward stimulation in fed rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.52180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this work was to prove that the reaction of food self-deprivation in “fed up” rats is a suitable model for studying the emotional overeating in the experiment.
Methods: The self-deprivation reaction, i.e. self-isolation of an animal from food during electrical self-stimulation of the brain, was studied in animals with food deprivation. To reproduce the self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, the male Wistar rats were trained to press a pedal in a Skinner box. After training, the rats received food deprivation, then a feeder was placed in the Skinner box, and a conditioned food reflex was developed in rats within 5 days.
Results and discussion: The food self-deprivation reaction was observed in the ”satiated” rats with a current intensity of 10% and above the threshold for self-stimulation. Hungry animals pressed the pedal for hypothalamic self-stimulation and took no notice of the feeding trough. Sulpiride, a dopamine D2 antagonist (5 and 20 mg/kg i.p.), administered to the “satiated” rats decreased both the eating behavior and self-stimulation in food self-deprivation testing. SB-408124, an orexin A receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/ml, 20 μl intranasally) reduced only the number of pellets eaten, but not the number of pedal presses.
Conclusion: The orexin A receptors are preferably involved in emotional eating compared with orexin B (OX2R TCS-OX2-29) and D2 dopamine receptors. Because emotional eating is significantly related to clinical eating disorders, like bulimia and binge eating disorder, it seems promising to use drugs of the orexin system to treat and prevent the issue.
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Petrova NN, Markin AV. [Apathy syndrome in depressed patients previously treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:111-117. [PMID: 32105278 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review of literature considers apathy syndrome induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Epidemiology and etiology of this phenomenon are not clear. Clinical features, diagnosis of apathy, differentiating and correlations between apathy and depression are presented. The possible mechanisms of onset and strategies of therapy of SSRI-induced apathy are discussed. It has been concluded that, despite the clinical evidence of the relationship between apathy and SSRI treatment, evidence-based research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Petrova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Markin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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36
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Levo-tetrahydropalmatine attenuates methamphetamine reward behavior and the accompanying activation of ERK phosphorylation in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Quintana GR, Birrel M, Marceau S, Kalantari N, Bowden J, Bachoura Y, Borduas E, Lemay V, Payne JW, Cionnaith CM, Pfaus JG. Differential disruption of conditioned ejaculatory preference in the male rat based on different sensory modalities by micro-infusions of naloxone to the medial preoptic area or ventral tegmental area. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3613-3623. [PMID: 31359118 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Male rats trained to associate a neutral odor or rodent jacket on a female with their post-ejaculatory reward state display a preference to ejaculate with females bearing the odor or jacket. This conditioned ejaculatory preference (CEP) can be shifted by systemic administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (NAL) during training, such that NAL-trained males distribute their ejaculations to females without the cue, relative to saline (SAL)-trained males. OBJECTIVE The present study examined two brain sites, the medial preoptic area (mPOA) or ventral tegmental area (VTA), where the opioid reward state might be induced. METHODS Sexually naïve Long-Evans males were implanted with bilateral guide cannula aimed at either site before they underwent multi-ejaculatory conditioning trials at 4-day intervals with sexually receptive females that bore either an almond odor or rodent tethering jacket. Infusions of NAL (1 μl/side) or SAL (1 μl/side) were made prior to each conditioning trial. All males were infused with SAL prior to a final open-field choice test with two sexually receptive females, one scented and the other unscented, or one jacketed and the other unjacketed. RESULTS Males previously conditioned with SAL in either region showed significant CEP. In contrast, prior infusions of NAL to the mPOA shifted the preference towards the unfamiliar female, whereas prior infusions to the VTA abolished CEP for the odor. Subsequent detection of Fos protein induced by the cue showed that, relative to SAL-treated males, prior experience with NAL in the mPOA suppressed Fos in both the mPOA and VTA, whereas prior experience with NAL in to the VTA suppressed Fos in the VTA alone. CONCLUSIONS Opioid antagonism in the mPOA produces a state of non-reward whereas in the VTA, it produces a state in which the odor does not acquire incentive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Quintana
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Morgan Birrel
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Marceau
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Narges Kalantari
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James Bowden
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yvonne Bachoura
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eric Borduas
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Valerie Lemay
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jason W Payne
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Conall Mac Cionnaith
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - James G Pfaus
- Centre for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada. .,Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, CP 91193, Xalapa, VER, Mexico.
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Hunter SR, Reister EJ, Cheon E, Mattes RD. Low Calorie Sweeteners Differ in Their Physiological Effects in Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2717. [PMID: 31717525 PMCID: PMC6893706 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low calorie sweeteners (LCS) are prevalent in the food supply for their primary functional property of providing sweetness with little or no energy. Though tested for safety individually, there has been extremely limited work on the efficacy of each LCS. It is commonly assumed all LCS act similarly in their behavioral and physiological effects. However, each LCS has its own chemical structure that influences its metabolism, making each LCS unique in its potential effects on body weight, energy intake, and appetite. LCS may have different behavioral and physiological effects mediated at the sweet taste receptor, in brain activation, with gut hormones, at the microbiota and on appetitive responses. Further elucidation of the unique effects of the different commercially available LCS may hold important implications for recommendations about their use for different health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.R.H.); (E.J.R.); (E.C.)
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Robinson JE, Coughlin GM, Hori AM, Cho JR, Mackey ED, Turan Z, Patriarchi T, Tian L, Gradinaru V. Optical dopamine monitoring with dLight1 reveals mesolimbic phenotypes in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1. eLife 2019; 8:e48983. [PMID: 31545171 PMCID: PMC6819083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder whose neurodevelopmental symptoms include impaired executive function, attention, and spatial learning and could be due to perturbed mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry. However, these circuits have never been directly assayed in vivo. We employed the genetically encoded optical dopamine sensor dLight1 to monitor dopaminergic neurotransmission in the ventral striatum of NF1 mice during motivated behavior. Additionally, we developed novel systemic AAV vectors to facilitate morphological reconstruction of dopaminergic populations in cleared tissue. We found that NF1 mice exhibit reduced spontaneous dopaminergic neurotransmission that was associated with excitation/inhibition imbalance in the ventral tegmental area and abnormal neuronal morphology. NF1 mice also had more robust dopaminergic and behavioral responses to salient visual stimuli, which were independent of learning, and rescued by optogenetic inhibition of non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA. Overall, these studies provide a first in vivo characterization of dopaminergic circuit function in the context of NF1 and reveal novel pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elliott Robinson
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Gerard M Coughlin
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Acacia M Hori
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Jounhong Ryan Cho
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Elisha D Mackey
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Zeynep Turan
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
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Liachenko S, Ramu J. Sex differences in the effect of acute administration of nicotine on MRS-measured metabolic profile of the rat brain. Neurosci Res 2019; 157:51-57. [PMID: 31381938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Women are less able to stop smoking than men. Elucidation of sex differences in the tobacco addiction could facilitate personalized treatment. Specialized brain reward systems are controlling the behavior through reinforcement using specific neuromediators. Using non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to ascertain addiction/harm biomarkers could lead to better management of public health through advancements in regulatory and translational research. Proton MRS was used to monitor changes of specific neurometabolites in hippocampus (HC), nucleus accumbens (NAC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of rats of both sexes after single intraperitoneal injection of nicotine. At the baseline, male rats showed higher level of GABA, taurine, N-acetyl aspartate, and creatine in HC, and taurine in NAC. Also, there were stronger correlations between neurometabolites in females than in males at the baseline. Nicotine administration changed taurine, GABA, myo-inositol, choline, and N-acetyl aspartate in HC, and taurine in NAC. Significant interactions between time, treatment, and sex were detected for taurine and choline in HC. The number of inter-metabolite correlations increased significantly in ACC and decreased in NAC and HC in females after nicotine administration, while in males it was unchanged. There are distinct sex differences in neurometabolic profiles at the baseline and after acute nicotine administration. Nicotine changes inter-metabolite correlations in females more than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Liachenko
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Jaivijay Ramu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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Abstract
The striatum is essential for learning which actions lead to reward and for implementing those actions. Decades of experimental and theoretical work have led to several influential theories and hypotheses about how the striatal circuit mediates these functions. However, owing to technical limitations, testing these hypotheses rigorously has been difficult. In this Review, we briefly describe some of the classic ideas of striatal function. We then review recent studies in rodents that take advantage of optical and genetic methods to test these classic ideas by recording and manipulating identified cell types within the circuit. This new body of work has provided experimental support of some longstanding ideas about the striatal circuit and has uncovered critical aspects of the classic view that are incorrect or incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cox
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Chong SS, Wilkinson AJ, Chawla S. A rapid introduction to neurological biochemistry using Drosophila melanogaster. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:15. [PMID: 30406849 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-018-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Short, cost-effective teaching activities are a useful way of providing an integrated view on biological processes. Here we describe a brief, hands-on workshop that allows pre-university students to explore their understanding of a neurological pathway from its chemical bases to phenotype. The workshop effectively introduces the students to data collection and analysis in an enjoyable way and at an appropriate level, determined by an end of session feedback survey. The design of the workshop can be adapted and scaled to generate diverse sessions such as university teaching practicals or summer school training workshops.
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43
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Augustine ME, Leerkes EM, Smolen A, Calkins SD. Relations between early maternal sensitivity and toddler self-regulation: Exploring variation by oxytocin and dopamine D2 receptor genes. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:789-804. [PMID: 29900533 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gene-by-environment interactions between maternal sensitivity during infancy and child oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576) and D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2 TaqIA, rs1822497) genotypes were explored as predictors of toddlers' well-regulated behavioral and physiological responses to maternal compliance demands. Maternal sensitivity was assessed across a range of mother-child interactions when children were 6 months and 1 year of age (N = 186), and toddler self-regulatory responses were assessed through compliance and vagal withdrawal during a toy clean-up task when children were 2 years of age. Sensitivity-by-OXTR interactions suggested two diathesis-stress patterns, predicting compliance for the GG genotype group, and predicting physiological regulation for the AA/AG genotype group. A main effect for DRD2 genotype indicated that children with an A1 allele displayed less-compliant behavior in toddlerhood. These results suggest that genetic differences may contribute to variation both in risk for self-regulatory difficulties, and in relations between maternal sensitivity and children's responses to compliance demands at different levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairin E Augustine
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.,The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | - Susan D Calkins
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Kenny PJ, Hoyer D, Koob GF. Animal Models of Addiction and Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Their Role in Drug Discovery: Honoring the Legacy of Athina Markou. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:940-946. [PMID: 29602521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Each of the co-authors worked with Athina Markou, at different stages of our careers and in different capacities, to develop, optimize, and use animal models of drug addiction and, more generally, mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Here, we briefly summarize some of our work with Athina, primarily involving the use of the intracranial self-stimulation and intravenous drug self-administration procedures. This work established that excessive consumption of addictive drugs can induce profound dysfunction in brain reward circuits. Such drug-induced reward deficits are likely to play a key role in precipitating the emergence of compulsive drug-seeking behaviors. We also summarize findings suggesting that perturbations in glutamatergic transmission contribute to brain reward deficits in drug-dependent animals and that metabotropic glutamate receptors are potential targets for the development of novel medications to facilitate long-term drug abstinence and prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kenny
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland
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45
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The role of intraamygdaloid neurotensin and dopamine interaction in conditioned place preference. Behav Brain Res 2018; 344:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Coenen VA, Schumacher LV, Kaller C, Schlaepfer TE, Reinacher PC, Egger K, Urbach H, Reisert M. The anatomy of the human medial forebrain bundle: Ventral tegmental area connections to reward-associated subcortical and frontal lobe regions. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:770-783. [PMID: 29845013 PMCID: PMC5964495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite their importance in reward, motivation, and learning there is only sparse anatomical knowledge about the human medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and the connectivity of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A thorough anatomical and microstructural description of the reward related PFC/OFC regions and their connection to the VTA - the superolateral branch of the MFB (slMFB) - is however mandatory to enable an interpretation of distinct therapeutic effects from different interventional treatment modalities in neuropsychiatric disorders (DBS, TMS etc.). This work aims at a normative description of the human MFB (and more detailed the slMFB) anatomy with respect to distant prefrontal connections and microstructural features. Methods and material Healthy subjects (n = 55; mean age ± SD, 40 ± 10 years; 32 females) underwent high resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion tensor imaging. Connectivity of the VTA and the resulting slMFB were investigated on the group level using a global tractography approach. The Desikan/Killiany parceling (8 segments) of the prefrontal cortex was used to describe sub-segments of the MFB. A qualitative overlap with Brodmann areas was additionally described. Additionally, a pure visual analysis was performed comparing local and global tracking approaches for their ability to fully visualize the slMFB. Results The MFB could be robustly described both in the present sample as well as in additional control analyses in data from the human connectome project. Most VTA- connections reached the superior frontal gyrus, the middel frontal gyrus and the lateral orbitofrontal region corresponding to Brodmann areas 10, 9, 8, 11, and 11m. The projections to these regions comprised 97% (right) and 98% (left) of the total relative fiber counts of the slMFB. Discussion The anatomical description of the human MFB shows far reaching connectivity of VTA to reward-related subcortical and cortical prefrontal regions - but not to emotion-related regions on the medial cortical surface - realized via the superolateral branch of the MFB. Local tractography approaches appear to be inferior in showing these far-reaching projections. Since these local approaches are typically used for surgical targeting of DBS procedures, the here established detailed map might - as a normative template - guide future efforts to target deep brain stimulation of the slMFB in depression and other disorders related to dysfunction of reward and reward-associated learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Arnd Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany.
| | - Lena Valerie Schumacher
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Eduard Schlaepfer
- Department of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Peter Christoph Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Karl Egger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Department of Medical Physics, Medical Center, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Germany
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Cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization associates with slow oscillatory firing of neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3274. [PMID: 29459754 PMCID: PMC5818474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of psychostimulant sensitization depends on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Although many cellular adaptations has been reported to be associated with this addictive behavior, the overall influence of these adaptations on the network regulation of DA neurons has not been established. Here, we profile a network-driven slow oscillation (SO) in the firing activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) putative DA and non-DA neurons and their correlation with locomotor sensitization induced by repeated administration of cocaine. One day after the last cocaine injection, the power of SO (Pso) significantly increased both in DA and non-DA neurons. Interestingly, the Pso in DA neurons was positively correlated, while Pso in non-DA neurons was negatively correlated with the level of locomotor sensitization. On the other hand, the firing rates of DA and non-DA neurons were both elevated, but none exhibited any correlation with the level of sensitization. Fourteen days after the last injection, the Pso of DA neurons dissipated but still positively correlated with the level of sensitization. In contrast, the Pso in non-DA neurons lost correlation with locomotor sensitization. These results suggest that cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization is associated with long-term network adaptation in DA system and that DA and non-DA neurons may corporately facilitate/hamper the initiation of locomotor sensitization.
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Robinson JE, Gradinaru V. Dopaminergic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders: recent advances and synergistic technologies to aid basic research. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:17-29. [PMID: 28850815 PMCID: PMC5825239 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) represent a diverse group of syndromes characterized by abnormal development of the central nervous system and whose symptomatology includes cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor impairments. The identification of causative genetic defects has allowed for creation of transgenic NDD mouse models that have revealed pathophysiological mechanisms of disease phenotypes in a neural circuit- and cell type-specific manner. Mouse models of several syndromes, including Rett syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, etc., exhibit abnormalities in the structure and function of dopaminergic circuitry, which regulates motivation, motor behavior, sociability, attention, and executive function. Recent advances in technologies for functional circuit mapping, including tissue clearing, viral vector-based tracing methods, and optical readouts of neural activity, have refined our knowledge of dopaminergic circuits in unperturbed states, yet these tools have not been widely applied to NDD research. Here, we will review recent findings exploring dopaminergic function in NDD models and discuss the promise of new tools to probe NDD pathophysiology in these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elliott Robinson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Walters CJ, Redish A. A Case Study in Computational Psychiatry. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809825-7.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Callaghan CK, Rouine J, O'Mara SM. Potential roles for opioid receptors in motivation and major depressive disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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