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González Maciel A, Rosas López LE, Romero-Velázquez RM, Ramos-Morales A, Ponce-Macotela M, Calderón-Guzmán D, Trujillo-Jiménez F, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Reynoso-Robles R. Postnatal zinc deficiency due to giardiasis disrupts hippocampal and cerebellar development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012302. [PMID: 38950061 PMCID: PMC11244800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardiasis and zinc deficiency have been identified as serious health problems worldwide. Although Zn depletion is known to occur in giardiasis, no work has investigated whether changes occur in brain structures. METHODS Three groups of gerbils were used: control (1), orogastrically inoculated on day 3 after birth with trophozoites of two isolates of Giardia intestinalis (HGINV/WB) group (2 and 3). Estimates were made at five ages covering: establishment of infection, Giardia population growth, natural parasite clearance and a post-infection age. QuantiChrome zinc assay kit, cresyl violet staining and TUNEL technique were used. RESULTS A significant decrease (p<0.01) in tissue zinc was observed and persisted after infection. Cytoarchitectural changes were observed in 75% of gerbils in the HGINV or WB groups. Ectopic pyramidal neurons were found in the cornus ammonis (CA1-CA3). At 60 and 90 days of age loss of lamination was clearly visible in CA1. In the dentate gyrus (DG), thinning of the dorsal lamina and abnormal thickening of the ventral lamina were observed from 30 days of age. In the cerebellum, we found an increase (p<0.01) in the thickness of the external granular layer (EGL) at 14 days of age that persisted until day 21 (C 3 ± 0.3 μm; HGINV 37 ± 5 μm; WB 28 ± 3 μm); Purkinje cell population estimation showed a significant decrease; a large number of apoptotic somas were observed scattered in the molecular layer; in 60 and 90 days old gerbils we found granular cell heterotopia and Purkinje cell ectopia. The pattern of apoptosis was different in the cerebellum and hippocampus of parasitized gerbils. CONCLUSION The morphological changes found suggest that neuronal migration is affected by zinc depletion caused by giardiasis in early postnatal life; for the first time, the link between giardiasis-zinc depletion and damaged brain structures is shown. This damage may explain the psychomotor/cognitive delay associated with giardiasis. These findings are alarming. Alterations in zinc metabolism and signalling are known to be involved in many brain disorders, including autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica González Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Elizabeth Rosas López
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Romero-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ramos-Morales
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Ponce-Macotela
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Calderón-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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Kaneko N, Hirai K, Oshima M, Yura K, Hattori M, Maeda N, Ohtaka-Maruyama C. ADAMTS2 promotes radial migration by activating TGF-β signaling in the developing neocortex. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3090-3115. [PMID: 38871984 PMCID: PMC11239934 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian neocortex is formed by sequential radial migration of newborn excitatory neurons. Migrating neurons undergo a multipolar-to-bipolar transition at the subplate (SP) layer, where extracellular matrix (ECM) components are abundantly expressed. Here, we investigate the role of the ECM at the SP layer. We show that TGF-β signaling-related ECM proteins, and their downstream effector, p-smad2/3, are selectively expressed in the SP layer. We also find that migrating neurons express a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 2 (ADAMTS2), an ECM metalloproteinase, just below the SP layer. Knockdown and knockout of Adamts2 suppresses the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migrating neurons and disturbs radial migration. Time-lapse luminescence imaging of TGF-β signaling indicates that ADAMTS2 activates this signaling pathway in migrating neurons during the multipolar-to-bipolar transition at the SP layer. Overexpression of TGF-β2 in migrating neurons partially rescues migration defects in ADAMTS2 knockout mice. Our data suggest that ADAMTS2 secreted by the migrating multipolar neurons activates TGF-β signaling by ECM remodeling of the SP layer, which might drive the multipolar to bipolar transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Kaneko
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Hirai
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minori Oshima
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Maeda
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Yang F, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Yu T, Chang G, Wang X. A de novo variant in ZBTB18 gene caused autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability 22 syndrome: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35908. [PMID: 38215144 PMCID: PMC10783315 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability 22 is a rare genetic disorder caused by the ZBTB18 gene. This disorder affects various parts of the body, leading to intellectual disability. It is noteworthy that only 31 cases of this disorder have been reported thus far. As the symptom severity may differ, doctors may face challenges in diagnosing it accurately. It is crucial to be familiar with this disorder's symptoms to receive proper diagnosis and essential medical care. PATIENT CONCERNS There is a case report of a 6-year-old boy who had an unexplained thyroid abnormality, global developmental delay, and an abnormal signal of white matter in brain MRI. However, he did not have growth retardation, microcephaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, epilepsy, or dysmorphic facial features. Clinical whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo pathogenic variant in the ZBTB18 gene (c.1207delC, p. Arg403Alafs*60), which is a previously unreported site. This variant causes the premature termination of peptide chain synthesis, leading to incomplete polypeptide chains. DIAGNOSES Autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual and disability 22 syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. INTERVENTIONS Rehabilitation training. OUTCOMES The individual is experiencing difficulty with their motor skills, appearing clumsier while running. He struggles with expressing themselves and forming complete sentences, relying mostly on gestures and pointing. LESSONS The clinical presentations of mental retardation, autosomal dominant, type 22 (MRD22) are complicated and varied. Although early diagnosis can be made according to typical clinical symptoms, whole exome sequencing is necessary for diagnosing MRD22, as our study indicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Clinical Research Ward, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Hirai S, Miwa H, Shimbo H, Nakajima K, Kondo M, Tanaka T, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Hirai S, Okado H. The mouse model of intellectual disability by ZBTB18/RP58 haploinsufficiency shows cognitive dysfunction with synaptic impairment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2370-2381. [PMID: 36721027 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ZBTB18/RP58 (OMIM *608433) is one of the pivotal genes responsible for 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome (OMIM #612337) and its haploinsufficiency induces intellectual disability. However, the underlying pathological mechanism of ZBTB18/RP58 haploinsufficiency is unknown. In this study, we generated ZBTB18/RP58 heterozygous mice and found that these mutant mice exhibit multiple behavioral deficits, including impairment in motor learning, working memory, and memory flexibility, which are related to behaviors in people with intellectual disabilities, and show no gross abnormalities in their cytoarchitectures but dysplasia of the corpus callosum, which has been reported in certain population of patients with ZBTB18 haploinsufficiency as well as in those with 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome, indicating that these mutant mice are a novel model of ZBTB18/RP58 haploinsufficiency, which reflects heterozygotic ZBTB18 missense, truncating variants and some phenotypes of 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome based on ZBTB18/RP58 haploinsufficiency. Furthermore, these mice show glutamatergic synaptic dysfunctions, including a reduced glutamate receptor expression, altered properties of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses, a decreased saturation level of long-term potentiation of excitatory synaptic transmission, and distinct morphological characteristics of the thick-type spines. Therefore, these results suggest that ZBTB18/RP58 haploinsufficiency leads to impaired excitatory synaptic maturation, which in turn results in cognitive dysfunction in ZBTB18 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Hirai
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Hideki Miwa
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
- Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan.
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Shimbo
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakajima
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kondo
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Developmental Neuroscience Project, Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hirai
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
- Brain Metabolic Regulation Group, Frontier Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Haruo Okado
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
- Sleep Disorders Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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5
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Gao M, Wang K, Zhao H. GABAergic neurons maturation is regulated by a delicate network. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:3-15. [PMID: 36401305 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid-expressing (GABAergic) neurons are implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, anxiety, autism, and other pathological processes, including cerebral ischemia injury and drug addiction. Therefore, GABAergic neuronal processes warrant further research. The development of GABAergic neurons is a tightly controlled process involving the activity of multiple transcription and growth factors. Here, we focus on the gene expression pathways and the molecular modulatory networks that are engaged during the development of GABAergic neurons with the goal of exploring regulatory mechanisms that influence GABAergic neuron fate (i.e., maturation). Overall, we hope to provide a basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kaizhong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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6
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Khadija B, Rjiba K, Dimassi S, Dahleb W, Kammoun M, Hannechi H, Miladi N, Gouider-Khouja N, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Clinical and molecular characterization of 1q43q44 deletion and corpus callosum malformations: 2 new cases and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 36192753 PMCID: PMC9528098 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corpus callosum malformations (CCM) represent one of the most common congenital cerebral malformations with a prevalence of around one for 4000 births. There have been at least 230 reports in the literature concerning 1q43q44 deletions of varying sizes discovered using chromosomal microarrays. This disorder is distinguished by global developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, corpus callosum defects, and significant craniofacial dysmorphism. In this study, we present a molecular cytogenetic analysis of 2 Tunisian patients with corpus callosum malformations. Patient 1 was a boy of 3 years old who presented psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, behavioral problems, interventricular septal defect, moderate pulmonary stenosis, hypospadias, and total CCA associated with delayed encephalic myelination. Patient 2 was a boy of 9 months. He presented a facial dysmorphia, a psychomotor retardation, an axial hypotonia, a quadri pyramidal syndrome, a micropenis, and HCC associated with decreased volume of the periventricular white matter. Both the array comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques were used. Results Array CGH analysis reveals that patient 1 had the greater deletion size (11,7 Mb) at 1q43. The same region harbors a 2,7 Mb deletion in patient 2. Here, we notice that the larger the deletion, the more genes are likely to be involved, and the more severe the phenotype is likely to be. In both patients, the commonly deleted region includes six genes: PLD5, AKT3, ZNF238, HNRNPU, SDCCAG8 and CEP170. Based on the role of the ZNF238 gene in neuronal proliferation, migration, and cortex development, we hypothesized that the common deletion of ZNF238 in both patients seems to be the most responsible for corpus callosum malformations. Its absence may directly cause CCM. In addition, due to their high expression in the brain, PLD5 and FMN2 could modulate in the CCM phenotype. Conclusion Our findings support and improve the complex genotype–phenotype correlations previously reported in the 1qter microdeletion syndrome and define more precisely the neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with genetic alterations of several genes related to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Khadija
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Rjiba
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Dahleb
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Molka Kammoun
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Hannechi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Miladi
- Medical Maghreb, El Manar 3, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar 1, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neziha Gouider-Khouja
- Head of Department at the National Institute of Neurology Tunis Head of RU On Movement Disorders, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia. .,Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
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7
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Okado H. Nervous system regulated by POZ domain Krüppel-like zinc finger (POK) family transcription repressor RP58. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:813-826. [PMID: 32959890 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The POZ domain Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription repressor (POK family) contains many important molecules, including RP58, Bcl6 and PLZF. They function as transcription repressors via chromatin remodelling and histone deacetylation and are known to be involved in the development and tumourigenesis of various organs. Furthermore, they are important in the formation and function of the nervous system. This review summarizes the role of the POK family transcription repressors in the nervous system. We particularly targeted Rp58 (also known as Znf238, Znp238 and Zbtb18), a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor that is strongly expressed in developing glutamatergic projection neurons in the cerebral cortex. It regulates various physiological processes, including neuronal production, neuronal migration and neuronal maturation. Human studies suggest that reduced RP58 levels are involved in cognitive function impairment and brain tumour formation. This review particularly focuses on the mechanisms underlying RP58-mediated neuronal development and function. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Okado
- Laboratory of Neural Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Okado H. Regulation of brain development and brain function by the transcriptional repressor RP58. Brain Res 2019; 1705:15-23. [PMID: 29501651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating the formation of the cerebral cortex have been well studied. In the developing cortex, (also known Znf238, Zfp238, and Zbtb18), which encodes a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor, is expressed in glutamatergic projection neurons and progenitor cells. Targeted deletion of Rp58 leads to dysplasia of the neocortex and hippocampus, a reduction in the number of mature cortical neurons, and defects in laminar organization due to abnormal neuronal migration within the cortical plate. During late embryogenesis, Rp58-deficient mice have larger numbers of progenitor cells due to a delay in cell cycle exit. RP58 represses all four Id genes (Id1-Id4), which regulate cell cycle exit in the developing cerebral cortex, and is essential for transcriptional repression of Ngn2 and Rnd2, which regulate the multipolar-to-bipolar transition during neuronal migration independently of its role in cell cycle exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Okado
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Brain Development and Neural Degeneration, Neural Development Project, Japan.
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Kasai M, Ishida R, Nakahara K, Okumura K, Aoki K. Mesenchymal cell differentiation and diseases: involvement of translin/TRAX complexes and associated proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1421:37-45. [PMID: 29740830 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Translin and translin-associated factor X (translin/TRAX) proteins have been implicated in a variety of cellular activities central to nucleic acid metabolism. Accumulating evidence indicates that translin/TRAX complexes participate in processes ensuring the replication of DNA, as well as cell division. Significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of translin/TRAX complexes in RNA metabolism, such as through RNA-induced silencing complex activation or the microRNA depletion that occurs in Dicer deficiency. At the cellular level, translin-deficient (Tsn-/- ) mice display delayed endochondral ossification or progressive bone marrow failure with ectopic osteogenesis and adipogenesis, suggesting involvement in mesenchymal cell differentiation. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular functions of translin homo-octamer and translin/TRAX hetero-octamer. Finally, we discuss the multifaceted roles of translin, TRAX, and associated proteins in the healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kasai
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Atopy Research Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Ishida
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakahara
- National Institution for Academic Degrees and Quality Enhancement of Higher Education, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Atopy Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Aoki
- Occupational Health Department, Sony Corporate Service Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Cohen JS, Srivastava S, Farwell Hagman KD, Shinde DN, Huether R, Darcy D, Wallerstein R, Houge G, Berland S, Monaghan KG, Poretti A, Wilson AL, Chung WK, Fatemi A. Further evidence that de novo missense and truncating variants in ZBTB18 cause intellectual disability with variable features. Clin Genet 2016; 91:697-707. [PMID: 27598823 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Identification of rare genetic variants in patients with intellectual disability (ID) has been greatly accelerated by advances in next generation sequencing technologies. However, due to small numbers of patients, the complete phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic variants in single genes is still emerging. Among these genes is ZBTB18 (ZNF238), which is deleted in patients with 1q43q44 microdeletions who typically present with ID, microcephaly, corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities, and seizures. Here we provide additional evidence for haploinsufficiency or dysfunction of the ZBTB18 gene as the cause of ID in five unrelated patients with variable syndromic features who underwent whole exome sequencing revealing separate de novo pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in ZBTB18 (two missense alterations and three truncating alterations). The neuroimaging findings in our cohort (CC hypoplasia seen in 4/4 of our patients who underwent MRI) lend further support for ZBTB18 as a critical gene for CC abnormalities. A similar phenotype of microcephaly, CC agenesis, and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia has been reported in mice with central nervous system-specific knockout of Zbtb18. Our five patients, in addition to the previously described cases of de novo ZBTB18 variants, add to knowledge about the phenotypic spectrum associated with ZBTB18 haploinsufficiency/dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Cohen
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Srivastava
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - D N Shinde
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - R Huether
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - D Darcy
- Silicon Valley Genetics Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - R Wallerstein
- Hawaii Community Genetics, Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - G Houge
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Berland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medical Genetics, St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - A Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A L Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - W K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Fatemi
- Division of Neurogenetics, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Martínez-Cerdeño V, Cunningham CL, Camacho J, Keiter JA, Ariza J, Lovern M, Noctor SC. Evolutionary origin of Tbr2-expressing precursor cells and the subventricular zone in the developing cortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:433-47. [PMID: 26267763 PMCID: PMC4843790 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is greatly expanded in primates with gyrencephalic cortices and is thought to be absent from vertebrates with three-layered, lissencephalic cortices, such as the turtle. Recent work in rodents has shown that Tbr2-expressing neural precursor cells in the SVZ produce excitatory neurons for each cortical layer in the neocortex. Many excitatory neurons are generated through a two-step process in which Pax6-expressing radial glial cells divide in the VZ to produce Tbr2-expressing intermediate progenitor cells, which divide in the SVZ to produce cortical neurons. We investigated the evolutionary origin of SVZ neural precursor cells in the prenatal cerebral cortex by testing for the presence and distribution of Tbr2-expressing cells in the prenatal cortex of reptilian and avian species. We found that mitotic Tbr2(+) cells are present in the prenatal cortex of lizard, turtle, chicken, and dove. Furthermore, Tbr2(+) cells are organized into a distinct SVZ in the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) of turtle forebrain and in the cortices of chicken and dove. Our results are consistent with the concept that Tbr2(+) neural precursor cells were present in the common ancestor of mammals and reptiles. Our data also suggest that the organizing principle guiding the assembly of Tbr2(+) cells into an anatomically distinct SVZ, both developmentally and evolutionarily, may be shared across vertebrates. Finally, our results indicate that Tbr2 expression can be used to test for the presence of a distinct SVZ and to define the boundaries of the SVZ in developing cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California, 95817
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | | | - Jasmin Camacho
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Janet A Keiter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UC Davis, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Jeanelle Ariza
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Matthew Lovern
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
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12
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Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Okado H. Molecular Pathways Underlying Projection Neuron Production and Migration during Cerebral Cortical Development. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:447. [PMID: 26733777 PMCID: PMC4682034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex originate from radial glia (RG) progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ). During corticogenesis, neuroblasts migrate toward the pial surface using two different migration modes. One is multipolar (MP) migration with random directional movement, and the other is locomotion, which is a unidirectional movement guided by the RG fiber. After reaching their final destination, the neurons finalize their migration by terminal translocation, which is followed by maturation via dendrite extension to initiate synaptogenesis and thereby complete neural circuit formation. This switching of migration modes during cortical development is unique in mammals, which suggests that the RG-guided locomotion mode may contribute to the evolution of the mammalian neocortical 6-layer structure. Many factors have been reported to be involved in the regulation of this radial neuronal migration process. In general, the radial migration can be largely divided into four steps; (1) maintenance and departure from the VZ of neural progenitor cells, (2) MP migration and transition to bipolar cells, (3) RG-guided locomotion, and (4) terminal translocation and dendrite maturation. Among these, many different gene mutations or knockdown effects have resulted in failure of the MP to bipolar transition (step 2), suggesting that it is a critical step, particularly in radial migration. Moreover, this transition occurs at the subplate layer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying each of these steps. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary aspects of neuronal migration in corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Neural Network Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Neural Development Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Analysis of tandem E-box motifs within human Complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21) promoter reveals cell specific roles for RP58, E2A, USF and localized chromatin accessibility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:107-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Diotel N, Beil T, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Differential expression of id genes and their potential regulator znf238 in zebrafish adult neural progenitor cells and neurons suggests distinct functions in adult neurogenesis. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:1-13. [PMID: 26107416 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish display a remarkable ability to generate new neurons and to repair brain lesions during adulthood. They are, therefore, a very popular model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of constitutive and induced neurogenesis in adult vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of inhibitor of DNA binding (id) genes and of their potential transcriptional repressor, znf238, in the whole brain of adult zebrafish. We show that while id1 is exclusively expressed in ventricular cells in the whole brain, id2a, id3 and id4 genes are expressed in broader areas. Interestingly, znf238 was also detected in these regions, its expression overlapping with id2a, id3 and id4 expression. Further detailed characterization of the id-expressing cells demonstrated that (a) id1 is expressed in type 1 and type 2 neural progenitors as previously published, (b) id2a in type 1, 2 and 3 neural progenitors, (c) id3 in type 3 neural progenitors and (d) id4 in postmitotic neurons. Our data provide a detailed map of id and znf238 expression in the brain of adult zebrafish, supplying a framework for studies of id genes function during adult neurogenesis and brain regeneration in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
| | - Tanja Beil
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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15
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Heng JIT, Qu Z, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Okado H, Kasai M, Castro D, Guillemot F, Tan SS. The zinc finger transcription factor RP58 negatively regulates Rnd2 for the control of neuronal migration during cerebral cortical development. Cereb Cortex 2015; 25:806-16. [PMID: 24084125 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor RP58 (also known as ZNF238) regulates neurogenesis of the mouse neocortex and cerebellum (Okado et al. 2009; Xiang et al. 2011; Baubet et al. 2012; Ohtaka-Maruyama et al. 2013), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we report a cell-autonomous function for RP58 during the differentiation of embryonic cortical projection neurons via its activities as a transcriptional repressor. Disruption of RP58 expression alters the differentiation of immature neurons and impairs their migration and positioning within the mouse cerebral cortex. Loss of RP58 within the embryonic cortex also leads to elevated mRNA for Rnd2, a member of the Rnd family of atypical RhoA-like GTPase proteins important for cortical neuron migration (Heng et al. 2008). Mechanistically, RP58 represses transcription of Rnd2 via binding to a 3'-regulatory enhancer in a sequence-specific fashion. Using reporter assays, we found that RP58 repression of Rnd2 is competed by proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional activators. Finally, our rescue experiments revealed that negative regulation of Rnd2 by RP58 was important for cortical cell migration in vivo. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that RP58 is a key player in the transcriptional control of cell migration in the developing cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Genetics Lane, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhengdong Qu
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Genetics Lane, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasai
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan and
| | - Diogo Castro
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - François Guillemot
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Seong-Seng Tan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Genetics Lane, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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16
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Cheung VCK, DeBoer C, Hanson E, Tunesi M, D'Onofrio M, Arisi I, Brandi R, Cattaneo A, Goosens KA. Gene expression changes in the motor cortex mediating motor skill learning. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61496. [PMID: 23637843 PMCID: PMC3634858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) supports motor skill learning, yet little is known about the genes that contribute to motor cortical plasticity. Such knowledge could identify candidate molecules whose targeting might enable a new understanding of motor cortical functions, and provide new drug targets for the treatment of diseases which impair motor function, such as ischemic stroke. Here, we assess changes in the motor-cortical transcriptome across different stages of motor skill acquisition. Adult rats were trained on a gradually acquired appetitive reach and grasp task that required different strategies for successful pellet retrieval, or a sham version of the task in which the rats received pellet reward without needing to develop the reach and grasp skill. Tissue was harvested from the forelimb motor-cortical area either before training commenced, prior to the initial rise in task performance, or at peak performance. Differential classes of gene expression were observed at the time point immediately preceding motor task improvement. Functional clustering revealed that gene expression changes were related to the synapse, development, intracellular signaling, and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, with many modulated genes known to regulate synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. The modulated expression of synaptic genes likely reflects ongoing network reorganization from commencement of training till the point of task improvement, suggesting that motor performance improves only after sufficient modifications in the cortical circuitry have accumulated. The regulated FGF-related genes may together contribute to M1 remodeling through their roles in synaptic growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C. K. Cheung
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VCKC); (KAG)
| | - Caroline DeBoer
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Hanson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marta Tunesi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘Giulio Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara D'Onofrio
- European Brain Research Institute ‘Rita Levi-Montalcini’, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- European Brain Research Institute ‘Rita Levi-Montalcini’, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Brandi
- European Brain Research Institute ‘Rita Levi-Montalcini’, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- European Brain Research Institute ‘Rita Levi-Montalcini’, Rome, Italy
| | - Ki A. Goosens
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VCKC); (KAG)
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17
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Perlman SJ, Kulkarni S, Manwaring L, Shinawi M. Haploinsufficiency of ZNF238 is associated with corpus callosum abnormalities in 1q44 deletions. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:711-6. [PMID: 23494996 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of candidate genes have been proposed to cause corpus callosum abnormalities (CCAs) in patients with terminal chromosome 1q deletions. Recent data excluded AKT3 and implicated ZNF238 and/or CEP170 as genes causative of corpus callosum anomalies in patients with 1q43-1q44 deletions. We report on a girl with dysmorphic features, seizures beginning in infancy, hypotonia, marked developmental delay, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Chromosomal microarray analysis detected a de novo 1.47 Mb deletion at 1q44. The deleted interval encompasses the ZNF238 gene but not the CEP170 or AKT3 genes, thus providing additional evidence for the former and against the latter as being causative of corpus callosum anomalies in patients with such deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Perlman
- Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Hirai S, Miwa A, Heng JIT, Shitara H, Ishii R, Taya C, Kawano H, Kasai M, Nakajima K, Okado H. RP58 regulates the multipolar-bipolar transition of newborn neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Cell Rep 2013; 3:458-71. [PMID: 23395638 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that many brain diseases are associated with defects in neuronal migration, suggesting that this step of neurogenesis is critical for brain organization. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal migration remain largely unknown. Here, we identified the zinc-finger transcriptional repressor RP58 as a key regulator of neuronal migration via multipolar-to-bipolar transition. RP58(-/-) neurons exhibited severe defects in the formation of leading processes and never shifted to the locomotion mode. Cre-mediated deletion of RP58 using in utero electroporation in RP58(flox/flox) mice revealed that RP58 functions in cell-autonomous multipolar-to-bipolar transition, independent of cell-cycle exit. Finally, we found that RP58 represses Ngn2 transcription to regulate the Ngn2-Rnd2 pathway; Ngn2 knockdown rescued migration defects of the RP58(-/-) neurons. Our findings highlight the critical role of RP58 in multipolar-to-bipolar transition via suppression of the Ngn2-Rnd2 pathway in the developing cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Neural Development Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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19
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Xiang C, Baubet V, Pal S, Holderbaum L, Tatard V, Jiang P, Davuluri RV, Dahmane N. RP58/ZNF238 directly modulates proneurogenic gene levels and is required for neuronal differentiation and brain expansion. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:692-702. [PMID: 22095278 PMCID: PMC3307985 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neurogenic pathways have been described in the developing neocortex, less is known about mechanisms ensuring correct neuronal differentiation thus also preventing tumor growth. We have shown that RP58 (aka zfp238 or znf238) is highly expressed in differentiating neurons, that its expression is lost or diminished in brain tumors, and that its reintroduction blocks their proliferation. Mice with loss of RP58 die at birth with neocortical defects. Using a novel conditional RP58 allele here we show that its CNS-specific loss yields a novel postnatal phenotype: microencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar hypoplasia that resembles the chr1qter deletion microcephaly syndrome in human. RP58 mutant brains maintain precursor pools but have reduced neuronal and increased glial differentiation. Well-timed downregulation of pax6, ngn2 and neuroD1 depends on RP58 mediated transcriptional repression, ngn2 and neuroD1 being direct targets. Thus, RP58 may act to favor neuronal differentiation and brain growth by coherently repressing multiple proneurogenic genes in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - V Baubet
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S Pal
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - L Holderbaum
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - V Tatard
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - P Jiang
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R V Davuluri
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N Dahmane
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Hirai S, Miwa A, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Kasai M, Okabe S, Hata Y, Okado H. RP58 controls neuron and astrocyte differentiation by downregulating the expression of Id1-4 genes in the developing cortex. EMBO J 2012; 31:1190-202. [PMID: 22234186 PMCID: PMC3297993 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate number of neurons and glial cells is generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) by the regulation of cell cycle exit and subsequent differentiation. Although the regulatory mechanism remains obscure, Id (inhibitor of differentiation) proteins are known to contribute critically to NSC proliferation by controlling cell cycle. Here, we report that a transcriptional factor, RP58, negatively regulates all four Id genes (Id1-Id4) in developing cerebral cortex. Consistently, Rp58 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated enhanced astrogenesis accompanied with an excess of NSCs. These phenotypes were mimicked by the overexpression of all Id genes in wild-type cortical progenitors. Furthermore, Rp58 KO phenotypes were rescued by the knockdown of all Id genes in mutant cortical progenitors but not by the knockdown of each single Id gene. Finally, we determined p57 as an effector gene of RP58-Id-mediated cell fate control. These findings establish RP58 as a novel key regulator that controls the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs and restriction of astrogenesis by repressing all Id genes during corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Hirai
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miwa
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kasai
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Naganos S, Horiuchi J, Saitoe M. Mutations in the Drosophila insulin receptor substrate, CHICO, impair olfactory associative learning. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:49-55. [PMID: 22342328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
CHICO, the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate insulin receptor substrate (IRS), mediates insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), and reductions in chico severely disrupt cell growth and proliferation. We found extensive expression of chico in various Drosophila brain regions including the mushroom bodies (MBs), critical neural structures for olfactory learning. chico null mutants have significantly reduced brain sizes and perform poorly in an olfactory associative learning task, although their sensitivity to the odors and electric shocks used in this learning paradigm are normal. When initial memory is normalized by training for different amounts of time (short-duration training protocols), memory retention and retrieval in chico flies are indistinguishable from that of wild-type flies, demonstrating that chico mutants are defective specifically for memory formation. Inducing expression of a chico(+) transgene in neurons throughout development restores normal learning in a chico background, while inducing chico(+) specifically at the adult stage does not, suggesting that chico is required for development of a brain region required for forming olfactory associations. Significantly, expressing chico(+) in the MBs restores the number of MB neurons to wild-type amounts and also rescues chico learning defects. Our results suggest that chico-dependent growth of the MBs is essential for development of learning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Naganos
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Hirai S, Miwa A, Takahashi A, Okado H. The 5'-flanking region of the RP58 coding sequence shows prominent promoter activity in multipolar cells in the subventricular zone during corticogenesis. Neuroscience 2012; 201:67-84. [PMID: 22119643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons of the neocortex are produced from progenitor cells located in the neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) during embryogenesis. RP58 is a transcriptional repressor that is strongly expressed in the developing brain and plays an essential role in corticogenesis. The expression of RP58 is strictly regulated in a time-dependent and spatially restricted manner. It is maximally expressed in E15-16 embryonic cerebral cortex, localized specifically to the cortical plate and SVZ of the neocortex, hippocampus, and parts of amygdala during brain development, and found in glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons. Identification of the promoter activity underlying specific expression patterns provides important clues to their mechanisms of action. Here, we show that the RP58 gene promoter is activated prominently in multipolar migrating cells, the first in vivo analysis of RP58 promoter activity in the brain. The 5.3 kb 5'-flanking genomic DNA of the RP58 coding region demonstrates promoter activity in neurons both in vitro and in vivo. This promoter is highly responsive to the transcription factor neurogenin2 (Ngn2), which is a direct upstream activator of RP58 expression. Using in utero electroporation, we demonstrate that RP58 gene promoter activity is first detected in a subpopulation of pin-like VZ cells, then prominently activated in migrating multipolar cells in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ) located just above the VZ. In dissociated primary cultured cortical neurons, RP58 promoter activity mimics in vivo expression patterns from a molecular standpoint that RP58 is expressed in a fraction of Sox2-positive progenitor cells, Ngn2-positive neuronal committed cells, and Tuj1-positive young neurons, but not in Dlx2-positive GABAergic neurons. Finally, we show that Cre recombinase expression under the control of the RP58 gene promoter is a feasible tool for conditional gene switching in post-mitotic multipolar migrating young neurons in the developing cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ohtaka-Maruyama
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Ballif BC, Rosenfeld JA, Traylor R, Theisen A, Bader PI, Ladda RL, Sell SL, Steinraths M, Surti U, McGuire M, Williams S, Farrell SA, Filiano J, Schnur RE, Coffey LB, Tervo RC, Stroud T, Marble M, Netzloff M, Hanson K, Aylsworth AS, Bamforth JS, Babu D, Niyazov DM, Ravnan JB, Schultz RA, Lamb AN, Torchia BS, Bejjani BA, Shaffer LG. High-resolution array CGH defines critical regions and candidate genes for microcephaly, abnormalities of the corpus callosum, and seizure phenotypes in patients with microdeletions of 1q43q44. Hum Genet 2011; 131:145-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Södersten E, Lilja T, Hermanson O. The novel BTB/POZ and zinc finger factor Zbtb45 is essential for proper glial differentiation of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4866-75. [PMID: 21131782 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.24.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling the fate decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a crucial issue to shed new light on mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development in health and disease. We have investigated a possible role for the previously uncharacterized BTB/POZ-domain containing zinc finger factor Zbtb45 in the differentiation of NSCs and postnatal oligodendrocyte precursors. In situ hybridization histochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Zbtb45 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in the developing CNS in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.5 and 14.5. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in embryonic forebrain NSCs by siRNA resulted in a rapid decrease in the expression of oligodendrocyte-characteristic genes after mitogen (FGF2) withdrawal, whereas the expression of astrocyte-associated genes such as CD44 and GFAP increased compared to control. Accordingly, the number of astrocytes was significantly increased seven days after Zbtb45 siRNA delivery to NSCs, in contrast to the numbers of neuronal and oligodendrocyte-like cells. Surprisingly, mRNA knockdown of the Zbtb45-associated factor Med31, a subunit of the Mediator complex, did not result in any detectable effect on NSC differentiation. Similar to NSCs, Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown in oligodendrocyte precursors (CG-4) reduced oligodendrocyte maturation upon mitogen withdrawal associated with down-regulation of the mRNA expression and protein levels of markers for oligodendrocytic differentiation. Zbtb45 mRNA knockdown did not significantly affect proliferation or cell death in any of the cell types. Based on these observations, we propose that Zbtb45 is a novel regulator of glial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Södersten
- Linnaeus Center in Developmental Biology for Regenerative Medicine (DBRM), Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hiraoka M, Inoue KI, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Ohsako S, Kojima N, Senoo H, Takada M. Intracapsular organization of ciliary zonules in monkey eyes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:1797-804. [PMID: 20652933 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ciliary zonules are responsible for changing the curvature of a lens in the dioptric focus of an eye. Present established theory is based on the relaxation of zonular superficial fasciculi affixed to the capsular surface, thereby inducing the change of anterior- and posterior lens curvature causing spontaneous liquid movement of lens material. To achieve precise focusing at any distance, a more active functional organization should exist. The present studies were performed to determine not only the surface attachment but also the intracapsular affix of zonules on monkey eyes. In addition, the development of focusing in newborn and presbyopia is analyzed. Histology was prepared by conventional and molecular immunofluorescence stainings on the compositions of zonules with fibrillin-1 (FBN 1) and lens capsule with collagen IV (COL IV), and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses on frozen sections. Superficial circumferential attachments of zonule were found radially oriented between ciliary processes and anterior/posterior lens capsules forming a triangular figure. Two functional intralayer integrations were found above them; anterior-posterior crossed fibers over the equator and radial fibers distributed toward the anterior or posterior polar areas. These fibers were bound tightly to the deep layer connective tissues close to the lens epithelium. Fine zonular fibers were aggregated, gradually forming bundles and bifurcated again on the way to the capsule. The lateral striped staining pattern in bundles suggested their elastic nature. Response of α-helixes of collagen IV immunostaining was more positive on α-1,2,4 than α-3,5,6 on anterior- and posterior lens capsules. Newborn eyes revealed not fascicular but fine membranous zonules on the lens surface and small ciliary processes. ISH analysis revealed high synthetic expression of FBN 1 mRNA in cytoplasm of nonpigmented epithelial cells of ciliary processes. The synthetic expression of FBN 1 declined with aging. According to the mechanism of accommodation, active dynamic movement of anterior or posterior capsules play the main role of changing the lens configuration by two intralayer zonular integrations, including anterior-posterior crossed fibers over the equator and radial fibers toward anterior or posterior polar areas acting with coordinated contraction of circular or longitudinal ciliary muscles. The developmental change on focusing is brought about by synthesis of FBN 1 in the newborn eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hiraoka
- Department of System Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tatard VM, Xiang C, Biegel JA, Dahmane N. ZNF238 is expressed in postmitotic brain cells and inhibits brain tumor growth. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1236-46. [PMID: 20103640 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors such as medulloblastoma (MB) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can derive from neural precursors. For instance, many MBs are thought to arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors (GNP). GNPs normally proliferate in early postnatal stages in mice but then they become postmitotic and differentiate into granule neurons. The proliferation of neural precursors, GNPs, as well as at least subsets of GBM and MB depends on Hedgehog signaling. However, the gene functions that are lost or suppressed in brain tumors and that normally promote the proliferation arrest and differentiation of precursors remain unclear. Here we have identified a member of the BTB-POZ and zinc finger family, ZNF238, as a factor highly expressed in postmitotic GNPs and differentiated neurons. In contrast, proliferating GNPs as well as MB and GBM express low or no ZNF238. Functionally, inhibition of ZNF238 expression in mouse GNPs decreases the expression of the neuronal differentiation markers MAP2 and NeuN and downregulates the expression of the cell cycle arrest protein p27, a regulator of GNP differentiation. Conversely, reinstating ZNF238 expression in MB and GBM cells drastically decreases their proliferation and promotes cell death. It also downregulates cyclin D1 while increasing MAP2 and p27 protein levels. Importantly, ZNF238 antagonizes MB and GBM tumor growth in vivo in xenografts. We propose that the antiproliferative functions of ZNF238 in normal GNPs and possibly other neural precursors counteract brain tumor formation. ZNF238 is thus a novel brain tumor suppressor and its reactivation in tumors could open a novel anticancer strategy.
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Yokoyama S, Ito Y, Ueno-Kudoh H, Shimizu H, Uchibe K, Albini S, Mitsuoka K, Miyaki S, Kiso M, Nagai A, Hikata T, Osada T, Fukuda N, Yamashita S, Harada D, Mezzano V, Kasai M, Puri PL, Hayashizaki Y, Okado H, Hashimoto M, Asahara H. A systems approach reveals that the myogenesis genome network is regulated by the transcriptional repressor RP58. Dev Cell 2009; 17:836-48. [PMID: 20059953 PMCID: PMC3110151 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We created a whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) database, termed EMBRYS, containing expression data of 1520 transcription factors and cofactors expressed in E9.5, E10.5, and E11.5 mouse embryos--a highly dynamic stage of skeletal myogenesis. This approach implicated 43 genes in regulation of embryonic myogenesis, including a transcriptional repressor, the zinc-finger protein RP58 (also known as Zfp238). Knockout and knockdown approaches confirmed an essential role for RP58 in skeletal myogenesis. Cell-based high-throughput transfection screening revealed that RP58 is a direct MyoD target. Microarray analysis identified two inhibitors of skeletal myogenesis, Id2 and Id3, as targets for RP58-mediated repression. Consistently, MyoD-dependent activation of the myogenic program is impaired in RP58 null fibroblasts and downregulation of Id2 and Id3 rescues MyoD's ability to promote myogenesis in these cells. Our combined, multi-system approach reveals a MyoD-activated regulatory loop relying on RP58-mediated repression of muscle regulatory factor (MRF) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno-Kudoh
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hirohito Shimizu
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchibe
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Sonia Albini
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Mitsuoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Minako Kiso
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akane Nagai
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hikata
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Osada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Fukuda
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Valeria Mezzano
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masataka Kasai
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- The Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, IRCCS Santa Lucia Fondation and European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), 64 Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- Laboratory of Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center (GSC), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
| | - Megumi Hashimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Okado H, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Sugitani Y, Fukuda Y, Ishida R, Hirai S, Miwa A, Takahashi A, Aoki K, Mochida K, Suzuki O, Honda T, Nakajima K, Ogawa M, Terashima T, Matsuda J, Kawano H, Kasai M. The transcriptional repressor RP58 is crucial for cell-division patterning and neuronal survival in the developing cortex. Dev Biol 2009; 331:140-51. [PMID: 19409883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neocortex and the hippocampus comprise several specific layers containing distinct neurons that originate from progenitors at specific development times, under the control of an adequate cell-division patterning mechanism. Although many molecules are known to regulate this cell-division patterning process, its details are not well understood. Here, we show that, in the developing cerebral cortex, the RP58 transcription repressor protein was expressed both in postmitotic glutamatergic projection neurons and in their progenitor cells, but not in GABAergic interneurons. Targeted deletion of the RP58 gene led to dysplasia of the neocortex and of the hippocampus, reduction of the number of mature cortical neurons, and defects of laminar organization, which reflect abnormal neuronal migration within the cortical plate. We demonstrate an impairment of the cell-division patterning during the late embryonic stage and an enhancement of apoptosis of the postmitotic neurons in the RP58-deficient cortex. These results suggest that RP58 controls cell division of progenitor cells and regulates the survival of postmitotic cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Okado
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai, Fuchu, Japan.
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Weickert CS, Miranda-Angulo AL, Wong J, Perlman WR, Ward SE, Radhakrishna V, Straub RE, Weinberger DR, Kleinman JE. Variants in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and its mRNA contribute to risk for schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2293-309. [PMID: 18424448 PMCID: PMC2465798 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen modifies human emotion and cognition and impacts symptoms of schizophrenia. We hypothesized that the variation in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene and cortical ESR1 mRNA is associated with schizophrenia. In a small case–control genetic association analysis of postmortem brain tissue, genotype CC (rs2234693) and haplotypes containing the C allele of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron1 (PvuII) were more frequent in African American schizophrenics (P = 0.01–0.001). In a follow-up family-based association analysis, we found overtransmission of PvuII allele C and a PvuII C-containing haplotype (P = 0.01–0.03) to African American and Caucasian patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenics with the ‘at risk’ PvuII genotype had lower ESR1 mRNA levels in the frontal cortex. Eighteen ESR1 splice variants and decreased frequencies of the wild-type ESR1 mRNA were detected in schizophrenia. In one patient, a unique ESR1 transcript with a genomic insert encoding a premature stop codon and a truncated ESR1 protein lacking most of the estrogen binding domain was the only transcript detected. Using a luciferase assay, we found that mRNA encoding a truncated ESR1 significantly attenuates gene expression at estrogen-response elements demonstrating a dominant negative function. An intron 6 SNP [rs2273207(G)] was associated with an ESR1 splice variant missing exon seven. The T allele of another intron 6 SNP was part of a 3′ haplotype less common in schizophrenia [rs2273206(T), rs2273207(G), rs2228480(G)]. Thus, the variation in the ESR1 gene is associated with schizophrenia and the mechanism of this association may involve alternative gene regulation and transcript processing.
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Takahashi A, Hirai S, Ohtaka-Maruyama C, Miwa A, Hata Y, Okabe S, Okado H. Co-localization of a novel transcriptional repressor simiRP58 with RP58. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:637-42. [PMID: 18262495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned a novel transcriptional repressor protein, termed simiRP58, which has high homology to RP58. Both simiRP58 and RP58 belong to the POZ domain and Kruppel Zn finger (POK) family of proteins. Using the luciferase assay system, we found that simiRP58 also has transcriptional repressor activity like RP58. Northern blotting and quantitative RT-PCR showed that simiRP58 was expressed in testes at the highest level. In situ hybridization of testes showed that simiRP58 is expressed by spermatocytes in only a portion of the seminiferous tubules. In contrast, expression of RP58 by spermatocytes was ubiquitous in all seminiferous tubules. Using COS-7 cells, we observed that simiRP58 was localized in the cytoplasm, which is in contrast to RP58 that was localized in the nucleus. Interestingly, co-transfection with simiRP58 and RP58 induced changes in the localization patterns of both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyo Takahashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Molecular Physiology, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
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Inoue T, Inoue YU, Asami J, Izumi H, Nakamura S, Krumlauf R. Analysis of mouse Cdh6 gene regulation by transgenesis of modified bacterial artificial chromosomes. Dev Biol 2007; 315:506-20. [PMID: 18234175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Classic cadherins are cell adhesion molecules whose expression patterns are dynamically modulated in association with their diverse functions during morphogenesis. The large size and complexity of cadherin loci have made it a challenge to investigate the organization of cis-regulatory modules that control their spatiotemporal patterns of expression. Towards this end, we utilized bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing the Cdh6 gene, a mouse type II classic cadherin, to systematically identify cis-regulatory modules that govern its expression. By inserting a lacZ reporter gene into the Cdh6 BAC and generating a series of modified variants via homologous recombination or transposon insertions that have been examined in transgenic mice, we identified an array of genomic regions that contribute to specific regulation of the gene. These regions span approximately 350 kb of the locus between 161-kb upstream and 186-kb downstream of the Cdh6 transcription start site. Distinct modules independently regulate compartmental expression (i.e. forebrain, hindbrain rhombomeres, and spinal cord) and/or cell lineage-specific expression patterns (i.e. neural crest subpopulations such as Schwann cells) of Cdh6 at the early developmental stages. With respect to regulation of expression in neural crest cells, we have found that distinct regions contribute to different aspects of expression and have identified a short 79-bp region that is implicated in regulating expression in cells once they have emigrated from the neural tube. These results build a picture of the complex organization of Cdh6 cis-regulatory modules and highlight the diverse inputs that contribute to its dynamic expression during early mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawahigashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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